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Journal articles on the topic 'Child soldiers War'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Kohrt, Brandon, and Robert Koenig. "Child Soldiers after War." Anthropology News 50, no. 5 (2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-3502.2009.50527.x.

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2

Singh, Aoife R., and Ashok N. Singh. "The mental health consequences of being a child soldier — an international perspective." International Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (2010): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000583x.

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Worldwide there are currently 300 000 child soldiers. Not only does the use of child soldiers lead to individual suffering but it also alters the dynamics of war and makes conflict and instability more likely. It is important both to prevent recruitment and to rehabilitate former child soldiers into their communities. For rehabilitation and reintegration programmes to be effective, it is necessary to understand the consequences of child soldiering. This paper reviews and summarises some of the key findings related to the mental health consequences of being a child soldier.

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Vambe, Maurice Taonezvi. "WITNESS AND ARCHIVE: TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES OF A CHILD SOLDIER IN WARCHILD: A CHILD SOLDIERâ€™S STORY." Commonwealth Youth and Development 12, no. 1 (2016): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1611.

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The memoir, WARCHILD: A child soldierâ€™s story (Jal 2009), though written several years after the author-narratorâ€™s experience, claims its authority from the child soldierâ€™s forced participation in a war of persecution that is narratively reworked in the childâ€™s imagination as a war of the liberation of South Sudan. This article aims to explore what happens to historical fact when the narrative shifts from the testimony of a child witness to the narrative archived in the form of memoir. Agamben (1999) seeks to explain this lacuna and his idea of the aporia at the core of narrative of te

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Honwana, Alcinda. "Children in War: Reintegrating Child Soldiers." IDS Bulletin 40, no. 1 (2009): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2009.00010.x.

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5

Yina, Martin N. "Child Soldiers in Africa." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 20, no. 1 (2008): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2008201/27.

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Modem warfare has a devastating effect on the well-being of children, especially those described as child soldiers. These children are taken out of their safe environment, their rights are violated, and they are subjected by warlords to all forms of suffering that not befit any stage of their life. Their experiences distort their personal development and disrupt family and community life. This essay explores the impact of war on children in a globalized world with particular focus on Sierra Leone and Uganda, two countries in Africa with prolonged wars. Efforts by various organizations and agen

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COHN, ILENE. "Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism:Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism." American Anthropologist 108, no. 2 (2006): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.2.431.2.

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7

Nicholson, Joanna. "Is Targeting Naked Child Soldiers a War Crime?" International Criminal Law Review 16, no. 1 (2016): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01601006.

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International law prohibits the recruitment and use of children under the age of fifteen to participate actively in hostilities. Such child soldiers constitute military targets under international humanitarian law (ihl), and the prevailing view is that they may be targeted in the same way as their adult counterparts. Although there may be moral or pragmatic reasons for avoiding targeting child soldiers if possible, there is no obligation under international law to treat them differently from an adult fighter.

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Dalaman, Zeynep Banu, and Türkan Melis Parlak. "Child soldier realty in Uganda: International law and reintegration." Border Crossing 10, no. 2 (2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v10i2.1051.

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The use of children who have been most exposed to the destructive effects of wars for various military activities has been seen throughout history. Child soldiers are involved in civil wars and conflicts in many countries, especially in Africa, without discrimination. Even if the participation of 15-year-olds in the Army is accepted as a war crime by the United Nations, some 300,000 children are actively involved in wars today. The key to child soldiers is the reintroduction and retraining of these children. However, what should be mentioned here is that these children are guilty? Or a victim?

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9

Achvarina, Vera, and Simon F. Reich. "No Place to Hide: Refugees, Displaced Persons, and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers." International Security 31, no. 1 (2006): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.127.

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The global number of child soldiers has grown significantly in the last two decades despite a series of protocols designed to curb this trend. They are generally employed in wars where belligerents spend more time attacking civilian populations than fighting professional armies. Used by both governments and rebel groups, child soldiers epitomize many of the problems associated with states at risk: intergenerational violence, poverty, and the failure of efforts to instill the rule of war. Both scholars in security studies and policymakers have largely regarded child soldier recruitment as a hum

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10

Gehrmann, Susanne. "Congolese Child Soldier Narratives for Global and Local Audiences." Journal of World Literature 6, no. 2 (2021): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00602003.

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Abstract The article examines narratives by and about former child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a hitherto neglected corpus despite the topicality of child soldiering in African literatures after 2000. Critical readings of three testimonial texts that have been published in France are juxtaposed with the analysis of one testimonial narrative and one youth novel that have been published in Kinshasa. The editorial framing and narrative strategies that speak to different audiences located in different literary fields are identified. The popularity of testimonial narratives in

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Kusumawardani, Damar. "Kerjasama UNICEF dan IRC dalam Penegakan Hak Anak di Sierra Leone." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 4, no. 1 (2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v4i1.120.

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Sierra Leone was one of the countries with the largest use of child soldiers during the civil war between 1991-2002. Girl child soldiers made up to 30 percent of the total child soldiers involved in the Sierra Leone civil war. The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program (DDR) which was one of the UN mandate as a post-conflict peace consolidation could only reach 506 out of a total of 6,845 child soldiers who have been disarmed. This was because the requirement for the disarmament phase was to hand in their weapon, while many girls were not equipped with weapon by their armed forc

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Brownell, Gracie, and Regina T. Praetorius. "Experiences of former child soldiers in Africa: A qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (2016): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815617994.

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Child soldiering affects approximately 300,000 children worldwide. Abducted and forced into combat, victims experience trauma that may have life-long effects. Thus, it is important to understand child soldiers’ experiences and develop culturally appropriate interventions. Using Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis (QIMS), the authors sought to understand the lived experiences of ex-child soldiers in Sierra Leone, Northern Uganda, and Liberia. Findings revealed the experiential nuances of four phases ex-child soldiers experience: abduction; militarization; demilitarization and reintegration;

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Moscardino, Ughetta, Sara Scrimin, Francesca Cadei, and Gianmarco Altoè. "Mental Health among Former Child Soldiers and Never-Abducted Children in Northern Uganda." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/367545.

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The present study aimed to evaluate posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, and emotional and behavioral problems in former Ugandan child soldiers in comparison with civilian children living in the same conflict setting. Participants included 133 former child soldiers and 101 never-abducted children in northern Uganda, who were interviewed about exposure to traumatic war-related experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, and emotional and behavioral problems. Results indicated that former child soldiers had experienced significantly more war-related trau

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14

Johnson, Dustin, Shelly Whitman, and Hannah Sparwasser Soroka. "Prevent to Protect: Early Warning, Child Soldiers, and the Case of Syria." Global Responsibility to Protect 10, no. 1-2 (2018): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-01001012.

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The war currently raging in Syria is without a doubt the most serious failure of the r2p paradigm. Hundreds of thousands of civilians have been brutally killed while the world has looked on, largely unable to affect events on the ground. The use of child soldiers by all sides in the conflict has been well documented, and the authors’ previous work has demonstrated the importance of the recruitment and use of child soldiers as an early warning indicator. Yet, the world has consistently failed to act preventatively, and this is most notable in the case of Syria. This paper takes the Syrian war a

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15

Zack‐Williams, A. B. "Child soldiers in the civil war in Sierra Leone." Review of African Political Economy 28, no. 87 (2001): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240108704504.

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Kohrt, Brandon A., Mark J. D. Jordans, and Christopher A. Morley. "Four principles of mental health research and psychosocial intervention for child soldiers: lessons learned in Nepal." International Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (2010): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005841.

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Child soldiers represent a challenging population for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), as we have little evidence regarding their needs or the efficacy of interventions. Despite an increasing breadth of MHPSS interventions for children affected by war, very few are supported by evidence (Jordans et al, 2009). In a recent decade-long conflict, Maoists and the government of Nepal conscripted thousands of children to serve as soldiers, sentries, spies, cooks and porters. After the war ended in 2006, we began a project incorporating research into the development of interventions for

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17

Fagan, Tyler, William Hirstein, and Katrina Sifferd. "Child Soldiers, Executive Functions, and Culpability." International Criminal Law Review 16, no. 2 (2016): 258–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01602002.

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Child soldiers, who often appear to be both victims and perpetrators, present a vexing moral and legal challenge: how can we protect the rights of children while seeking justice for the victims of war crimes? There has been little stomach, either in domestic or international courts, for prosecuting child soldiers—but neither has this challenge been systematically addressed in international law. Establishing a uniform minimum age of criminal responsibility would be a major step in the right direction; we argue that such a standard ought to be guided by the best evidence from neuropsychology abo

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18

Kohrt, Brandon A., Carol M. Worthman, Ramesh P. Adhikari, et al. "Psychological resilience and the gene regulatory impact of posttraumatic stress in Nepali child soldiers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 29 (2016): 8156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601301113.

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Adverse social conditions in early life have been linked to increased expression of proinflammatory genes and reduced expression of antiviral genes in circulating immune cells—the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA). However, it remains unclear whether such effects are specific to the Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultural environments in which previous research has been conducted. To assess the roles of early adversity and individual psychological resilience in immune system gene regulation within a non-WEIRD population, we evaluated CTRA g

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19

Francis, David J. "‘Paper protection’ mechanisms: child soldiers and the international protection of children in Africa's conflict zones." Journal of Modern African Studies 45, no. 2 (2007): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x07002510.

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The arrest and prosecution in March 2006 of the former Liberian warlord-President Charles Taylor by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone, for war crimes including the recruitment and use of child soldiers, and the arrest and prosecution of the Congolese warlord, Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, by the International Criminal Court, accused of enlisting child soldiers in the DRC war, have raised expectations that finally international conventions and customary international laws protecting children in conflict zones will now have enforcement powers. But why has it taken so long to protect children

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20

Angucia, Margaret. "Child soldiers or war affected children? Why the formerly abducted children of northern Uganda are not child soldiers." Intervention 12, no. 3 (2014): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wtf.0000000000000058.

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21

Kohrt, Brandon. "Social ecology interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: what can we learn from child soldiers?" British Journal of Psychiatry 203, no. 3 (2013): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.124958.

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SummaryResearch with child soldiers is crucial to improving mental health services after war. This research also can illuminate innovative approaches to treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adult soldiers, veterans and other trauma survivors in high-income countries. A key contribution is the role of social ecology for trauma-healing interventions.

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22

Noor, Samina. "Civil War and Child Soldiers: a Case Study of Syrian War (2013-2014)." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 9, no. 12 (2016): 2986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-2016-9-12-2986-2994.

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23

Brownell, Gracie, and Randall Basham. "NGO strategy toward the reintegration of child soldiers in Liberia, Africa: An online survey of services, roles, and activities." International Social Work 60, no. 5 (2017): 1074–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817704278.

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This research investigates the roles of international and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Liberia 10 years after the 14-year civil war ended in 2003. Soldiers of the war included a large number of child soldiers who are currently combatants at differing levels and phases of reintegration into society. A survey was conducted to generate descriptive empirical information about the roles NGOs play in ex-combatants’ reintegration and the knowledge, skills, and training needed to assist ex-combatants. Communicative and emerging social technologies appear, according to survey results,

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24

Betancourt, Theresa S., Elizabeth A. Newnham, Ryan McBain, and Robert T. Brennan. "Post-traumatic stress symptoms among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone: follow-up study." British Journal of Psychiatry 203, no. 3 (2013): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113514.

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BackgroundFormer child soldiers are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the trajectory of symptoms has yet to be examined.AimsThe risk and protective factors associated with PTSD symptom change among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone were investigated.MethodData from 243 former child soldiers (mean age 16.6 years, 30% female) were analysed.ResultsSelf-reported rates of possible PTSD using standard cut-off points declined from 32% to 16% 4 years later (P<0.05). Symptoms of PTSD at baseline were significantly associated with war experiences (P<0.01) an

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25

Glazer, Ilsa M. "Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism (review)." Anthropological Quarterly 79, no. 2 (2006): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2006.0021.

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26

Waschefort, Gus. "Justice for Child Soldiers? The RUF Trial of the Special Court for Sierra Leone." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2010): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187815210x12766020140008.

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AbstractThe Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was the primary agitator during the decade-long civil war that ravaged Sierra Leone. One of the hallmarks of RUF tactics was the abduction and military use of children. The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) issued an indictment against the high-command of the RUF. Each of the accused was charged with the enlistment, conscription or use of child soldiers. The Prosecutor v. Sesay, Kallon and Gbao case (RUF case) provides a cogent account of the crime of conscripting or using children younger than fifteen in hostilities. This paper tracks the devel

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27

Lee, Sang-Ho. "The War Experience of Child Soldiers in the Korean War: Focused on Oral and Memoirs." Korea Association of World History and Culture 58 (March 30, 2021): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2021.03.58.99.

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28

Faulkner, Christopher M., and Austin C. Doctor. "Rebel Fragmentation and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 3 (2021): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab031.

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Abstract The recruitment and use of children in armed conflict remains a prevalent feature of modern civil war. But which conflict actors are more likely to recruit children? We argue that the process by which rebel groups form shapes their recruitment strategies. Specifically, we contend that rebels that form as splinter factions from the ranks of pre-existing rebel organizations are more likely to recruit child soldiers than other rebel groups. Splinter groups face unique constraints as they materialize in the midst of an active conflict environment, necessitating that they mobilize a suffic

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Bernfeld, Barbara, and Jacek Mazurkiewicz. "Intricacies of German martial law on marriage." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 42, no. 3 (2021): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.42.3.9.

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In the majority, young men participated in World War II, so German authorities were compelled to change some provisions of marriage law. First, some formal requirements for getting married were limited. Then the possibility of entering into a proxy marriage was introduced, when the groom was a soldier. Marriages with dead soldiers were also allowed. Divorces issued after the death of a spouse were allowed, not only in relation to marriages with soldiers. In the Federal Republic of Germany legal effects of announcing the conclusion of a post mortem marriage were regulated, giving a woman and a

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30

Mitra, Arpita. "Child Soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Revisiting ‘Reintegration’ through a Psycho-Social Framework." Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security 3 (March 29, 2020): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/allons-y.v3i0.10060.

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The paper assesses ‘reintegration’ mechanisms implemented for child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the overall Disarmament-Demobilisation-Reintegration (DDR) programme. It re-visits the ‘macro-level success’ claimed by DDR mechanisms in DRC internationally and focuses on evaluation strategies at the ‘micro-level’ implementation of the said objectives. The paper advances a psycho-social assessment of reintegration of child soldiers considering their complex identities as ‘victim-perpetrator-bystander’. Identifying the gaps between individual experiences of war trauma (psy

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Vindevogel, Sofie, Michael Wessells, Maarten De Schryver, Eric Broekaert, and Ilse Derluyn. "Informal and Formal Supports for Former Child Soldiers in Northern Uganda." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/825028.

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This study aimed to evaluate the potential contribution of informal community initiatives and formal interventions in support of former child soldiers' resilience in the wake of armed conflict. Using a cross-sectional survey design, a stratified random sample of 330 formerly recruited and 677 nonrecruited young people was consulted about their perspective on desirable support for former child soldiers provided by close support figures, communities, humanitarian organizations, and governments. Data analysis occurred by conducting qualitative thematic analysis and statistical chi-square analysis

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Achvarina, Vera. "Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism; Child Soldiers, Adult Interests: The Global Dimensions of the Sierra Leonean Tragedy." Journal of Peace Research 43, no. 6 (2006): 757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234330604300623.

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33

Betancourt, Theresa S., Ivelina I. Borisova, Marie de la Soudière, and John Williamson. "Sierra Leone's Child Soldiers: War Exposures and Mental Health Problems by Gender." Journal of Adolescent Health 49, no. 1 (2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.09.021.

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34

Meckel, Andrea, Ingvill C. Mochmann, Bogdan Voicu, and Martin Miertsch. "Children born of War and Social Trust – Analysing Consequences of Rejection." Social Change Review 15, no. 1-2 (2017): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scr-2017-0002.

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AbstractThis article examines the question whether rejection experiences negatively relate to the social trust of Children Born of War (CBOW) and if this connection is mediated by sense of self-worth. CBOW is a group of people born out of relations during war- and post-war times, involving one parent being a foreign soldier, a para-military officer, rebel or other person directly participating in the hostilities, while the other parent is a member of the native population. Also children born to child soldiers and children fathered by members of a peacekeeping troop are included within this gro

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35

Thomas, E. "Between War and Peace: Monitoring Guidelines for Child Soldiers in Nepal's Peace Process." Journal of Human Rights Practice 2, no. 1 (2010): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hup029.

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36

Harendra de Silva, D. G. "The use of child soldiers in war with special reference to Sri Lanka." Paediatrics and International Child Health 33, no. 4 (2013): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046905513y.0000000095.

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37

McGovern, William. ""City of Refuge": Child Refugees and Soldiers' Orphans in Civil War St. Louis." Civil War History 65, no. 4 (2019): 342–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2019.0045.

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38

Marten, James. "Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism (review)." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 2, no. 1 (2009): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.0.0051.

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39

Vindevogel, Sofie, Maarten De Schryver, Eric Broekaert, and Ilse Derluyn. "Challenges Faced by Former Child Soldiers in the Aftermath of War in Uganda." Journal of Adolescent Health 52, no. 6 (2013): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.11.014.

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40

Denov, Myriam. "Coping with the trauma of war: Former child soldiers in post-conflict Sierra Leone." International Social Work 53, no. 6 (2010): 791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809358400.

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Children across the globe have been implicated in armed conflict as both victims and participants. During Sierra Leone’s decade-long civil war, thousands of children, both boys and girls, participated directly in armed conflict or were recruited for labour or sexual exploitation in armed groups. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 80 children formerly associated with Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front, this paper explores children’s experiences of violence during the armed conflict, traces the realities that children faced in the aftermath of the war, and examines the ways in which pa

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Higonnet, Margaret R. "Child Witnesses: The Cases of World War I and Darfur." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 121, no. 5 (2006): 1565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900099879.

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Why, the war is for children.—Angelo PatriAs the First “Total” War of the Twentieth century, World War I marked a turning point in the understanding of what Goya had called the disasters of war. The years 1914–18 witnessed a difficult struggle to recognize and defend civilian rights in wartime, rights that had primarily been defined as those of soldiers and prisoners of war, under the Taws and Customs of War on Tand, established at The Hague in 1899 and 1907. Wartime conditions that blurred lines between civilian and combatant unleashed violations of civilians' human rights that the convention

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Sampaio, Alexandre Andrade, and Matthew McEvoy. "Little Weapons of War: Reasons for and Consequences of Treating Child Soldiers as Victims." Netherlands International Law Review 63, no. 1 (2016): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40802-016-0054-1.

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43

Oosterveld, Valerie. "The Special Court for Sierra Leone, Child Soldiers, and Forced Marriage: Providing Clarity or Confusion?" Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 45 (2008): 131–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009309.

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SummaryThis article considers the first two trial, and corresponding first two appeal, judgments issued by the Special Court for Sierra Leone in what are commonly referred to as the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) and Civil Defence Forces (CDF) cases. These judgments are noteworthy for having been the first to adjudicate at the international level the war crime of conscription or enlistment of children under the age of fifteen or using them to participate actively in hostilities and the gender-based crime against humanity of forced marriage. Beginning with the issue of child soldiers

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Ferreira, Rialize, and Alfred Stuart Mutiti. "CREATING SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY STRUCTURES FOR REINTEGRATED LIBERIAN CHILD SOLDIERS: PART I." Commonwealth Youth and Development 14, no. 2 (2017): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1807.

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This article deals with the socio-political context of the Liberian civil war. It gives background to the conflict, explains how the different factions emerged and how they involved children in the conflict to be reintegrated afterwards. It examines how different community structures are identified during the reintegration processes of child soldiers and questions whether the right structures are identified. To address these issues, the question is asked: What international and regional efforts and policies were created to address the problem of sustainable reintegration of child soldiers? It

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Stańczyk, Ewa. "Heroes, Victims, Role Models: Representing the Child Soldiers of the Warsaw Uprising." Slavic Review 74, no. 4 (2015): 738–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.74.4.738.

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This article explores narratives surrounding child soldiers in Poland, with a particular focus on the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. My discussion examines a variety of contexts in which this figure appears, such as urban spaces, press debates, popular literature, and educational games, and unpacks the taboos associated with cultural constructions of childhood. The article points to the complex interaction between the enduring narratives of resistance and the struggle for independence which characterize Poland and the international humanitarian discourse on the use of children in war which goes beyo

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Barrett, Rose Catherine. "Humanising the Law of Targeting in Light of a Child Soldier’s Right to Life." International Journal of Children’s Rights 27, no. 1 (2019): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02701009.

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Contemporary conflicts are epitomised by warfare never seen during the codification of the laws of war during the 19th and 20th centuries. In present times, children are increasingly being recruited and used as soldiers. Aside from the prohibition against their recruitment and use, and the prosecution of those who violate these prohibitions, more is needed to protect their right to life. Pursuant to the law of targeting, child soldiers may be subject to the use of lethal force. It has been queried whether there is a moral basis to apply different targeting rules to spare their lives. This pape

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Vindevogel, Sofie, Maarten de Schryver, Eric Broekaert, and Ilse Derluyn. "War-related experiences of former child soldiers in northern Uganda: comparison with non-recruited youths." Paediatrics and International Child Health 33, no. 4 (2013): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046905513y.0000000084.

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Vaha, Milla Emilia. "CHILD SOLDIERS AND KILLING IN SELF-DEFENCE: CHALLENGING THE ‘MORAL VIEW’ ON KILLING IN WAR." Journal of Military Ethics 10, no. 1 (2011): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15027570.2011.561639.

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Brownell, Gracie. "A phenomenological study of ex-child soldiers’ perceived meaning of reintegration in post war Liberia." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 30, no. 2 (2019): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1665608.

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Werner, Emmy E. "Children and war: Risk, resilience, and recovery." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 2 (2012): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000156.

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Abstract:

AbstractThis article reviews and reflects on studies that have explored the effects of war on children around the world. Most are cross-sectional and based on self-reports. They describe a range of mental health problems, related to dose effects and to the negative impact of being a victim or witness of violent acts, threats to and loss of loved ones, prolonged parental absence, and forced displacement. The more recent the exposure to war, and the older the child, the higher was the likelihood of reported posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Especially vulnerable to long-term emotional dist

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