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Hagen, Marcia. "Weight Management of Women of Childbearing Age." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1261.
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Black River Memorial Hospital identified obesity as a priority health concern in its rural service area; this concern was in line with the county's needs assessment. It was identified that women of childbearing age affect the lifestyle and health choices of their families and that they are at higher risk for the additional health risks associated with obesity affecting pregnancy and birth. Despite the identification of these risk factors, the factors that affect healthy weight management have not been well understood. Using the life course theory, a qualitative inquiry in the form of a structured interview was developed with local community experts and stakeholders. Sixteen women, aged 18-44, were recruited from the area Women Infant Children (WIC) program, the local food pantry, and area businesses. Audio-taped interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using open and axial coding. The findings suggest that the health literacy among this sample of women was low with regards to healthy weight (BMI) and the risks posed by obesity. The most cited barriers to healthy nutrition were the cost of healthy food, food preferences, and the time to prepare healthy food. The most cited barriers to healthy activity were lack of motivation, lack of child care and lack of fun, affordable activities, and severe weather. The most common motivators for pursuing a healthy lifestyle were identified as the respondents' children, the encouragement of significant others and friends, and the participation of the family in healthy lifestyle choices. Based on the literature review, knowledge of community resources, and these findings, broad recommendations to enhance the culture of healthy weight management were provided to local community stakeholders to facilitate community planning for a healthier population.
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Wilcut, John Lance. "Methylmercury risk communication needs among women of childbearing age." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/willcut/WillcutJ0507.pdf.
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While the consumption of fish is an essential part of the human diet, there are certain environmental toxins that reside within the earth's watersheds. One toxin in particular, methylmercury (MeHg) has been linked to neurotoxicity and consequent neuro-developmental health effects in growing fetuses and young children, even in minute doses. MeHg is known to accumulate in fish and fish products and with their consumption by women of childbearing age (WCBA), growing fetuses and young children are possibly placed in harm's way. To help prevent these health threats from occurring, guidelines and recommendations are placed into fish advisories by governmental agencies (federal, state, and tribal) through the application of the precautionary principle. The purpose of this study was to describe the risk communication status of the Montana fish consumption advisory in non-Native American women of childbearing age residing on an open reservation. Variables studied included fish consumption patterns, advisory awareness, risk awareness, and risk communication preferences. Secondary analysis of data compiled through a pilot study provided the cohort (n = 10) for this study. The majority regularly consumed fish (n = 7), while most denied prior knowledge of any fish advisory (n = 9). Half (n = 5) of the participants denied any knowledge about mercury contaminants in fish, while three stated they knew "only a little". This was emphasized through a series of true/false questions and with the majority (n = 9) having difficulty determining where the highest levels of mercury are found within a fish. A majority of the participants (n = 7) felt that they did not eat enough fish to worry about following the recommendations of the Montana Fish Consumption Guidelines. Important sources of health information to the cohort included: (a) doctors or other healthcare providers, (b) newsletters or brochures, (c) television, (d) magazines, (e) friends and relatives, and (f) government agencies. The results of this descriptive, hypothesis-generating study point to the need for larger scale studies involving non-Native rural women with the recommendations to include information on fish species, portions consumed, children of WCBA, userfriendly advisory pamphlets, and mercury exposure testing through hair and blood sampling.
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Kaylor, Mary Beth. "Access to dental care for women of childbearing age." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1190144125.
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McGuire, Patricia Jean. "Determinants of health-promoting behaviors in Latino mothers of childbearing age /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1994. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11626008.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994.Includes tables and appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Nancy Lovejoy. Dissertation Committee: Marvin Sontag. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-71).
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Taddese, Zerihun. "Anthropometric status of Oromo women of childbearing age in rural southwestern Ethiopia." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69736.
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A community based, cross-sectional survey was undertaken of the anthropometric status of Oromo, non-pregnant women of child bearing age in Kersa subdistrict, southwest Ethiopia. The main purposes of this investigation were to determine normative anthropometric standards and to identify their important determinants. A structured questionnaire was administered by interviewers and anthropometric measurements were completed on 473 non-pregnant women randomly selected and stratified by 5 year age categories from 8 peasant associations. Women in this study sample were light with a mean (SD) weight of 46.9 (5.3) kg. Approximately three quarters weighed less than 50 kg and 34 (7%) less than 40 kg. Women's height averaged 155.5 cm with nearly 20% under 150 cm. The mean (SD) BMI was 19.4 (1.9) kg/m$ sp2$ and 35% of the women had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m$ sp2$. Means for all anthropometric measurements fell below the 10th percentile of the standard, NCHS reference for black women. No consistent predictor was found across the various anthropometric outcomes. In particular, all anthropometric outcomes were stable across age categories. The relationship between these anthropometric measures and adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes need to be validated.
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Olbright, Lucinda Griffith. "THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AEROBIC STRESS ON PREPREGNANT WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275245.
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Chapnkem, Wenceslaw Chap. "Perceptions of Access to Healthcare in Cameroon by Women of Childbearing Age." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6981.
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Increased poverty and unemployment rates, minimal investment in social amenities, a shortage of healthcare professionals, poor infrastructure, inadequate social services, and poor institutional and political leadership have weakened the healthcare status of Cameroon's women who have reached the age of childbearing. The World Health Organization expressed increased urgency for healthcare providers and patients to develop new healthcare policies to eliminate health-related disparities. The aim of this phenomenological study was to examine the perceptions of women of childbearing age living in Mamfe rural community in regard to Cameroon's healthcare system and its impact on their lives. The theoretical foundation of the study was the healthcare utilization model. Interviews were conducted with 10 women participants, ages between 18 and 45. The data collected through semistructured interviews were analyzed using NVivo 11 and the Colaizzi 7-step processes to identify themes and subthemes. Study findings revealed systemic challenges that affected healthcare access which need to be adequately addressed to reduce maternal and child mortality among women of child-bearing age. The study findings could foster social change by improving the development of healthcare standards, as well as illustrating methods of increasing the level of access to healthcare services among women of childbearing age.
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Sahl, Åsa. "Age Cohort Effects on Measles, Mumps and Rubella Seroimmunity in Swedish Childbearing Women." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15785.
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Zhou, Ying. "Effect of soy food intake on mineral status in women of childbearing age." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
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Delcourt, Sarah E. "A healthy pregnancy outcome brochure to educate women of childbearing age and pregnant women." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596459.
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The purpose of this project was to create a brochure based on current healthy pregnancy outcome recommendations with additional recommendations for reducing organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure and promotion of nutrition quality of organic versus conventionally grown food. Specific objectives of the project were: (a) review the literature and depth of the problem, (b) review existing similar healthy pregnancy outcome educational material, (c) develop a brochure for the purpose of educating women of childbearing age and pregnant women about healthy pregnancy outcome recommendations, and (d) develop tools to measure learner comprehension of the information presented in the brochure, as well as obtain recommendations for improving the brochure. An expert panel reviewed the brochure and modifications were made based on their suggestions. Implementing the resulting evidence-based brochure could help increase healthy pregnancy outcomes and improve the overall health of women and children.
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Bales, Mary. "Knowledge of the Effects of Alcohol on Fetal Development Among Women of Childbearing Age." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/22.
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While Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder is a recognized problem with alcohol ingestion during the formation of facial features, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders are not as widely recognized. These disorders result from exposure to alcohol throughout pregnancy when the brain and nervous system are developing. The resulting disorders include attention deficit disorders, social disorders, inappropriate behaviors, learning disorders, and intellectual disability. The incidence of children with alcohol-related disorders is increasing as evidenced by children needing special services in the educational systems. It is unknown how much alcohol ingestion is safe during pregnancy or how genetic factors are involved in the development of these disorders. Women often get conflicting information from the media and other resources about safe levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Abstinence of alcohol ingestion is the only known prevention of such intellectual disorders. It is hypothesized that women of childbearing age may not be knowledgeable of the relationship between drinking and the implications of alcohol exposure on fetal development.
The purpose of this research is to determine what women of childbearing age know about alcohol consumption during pregnancy and if there is a knowledge deficit that exists among women of a certain age or women that use specific resources for health information. The researcher surveyed 40 female students at East Tennessee State University by using true or false questions concerning alcohol consumption related to fetal development in order to determine if a knowledge deficit exists. Based on the findings, it may be determined if women of childbearing age need educational materials from a reliable source.
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Heineman, Sara Christine. "Fish eating behavior and stages of change in rural, low income women of childbearing age." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/heineman/HeinemanS0509.pdf.
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Methyl Mercury (MeHg) is a known neurotoxin associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. The primary route of exposure of MeHg in humans is from consumption of contaminated fish. Although some disparities in exposure patterns have been identified, little is known about rural, low income, women of childbearing age and their fish eating behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stages of behavioral change in fish eating behavior and self-reported consumption of fish among 106 rural low-income women of childbearing age. Results of the one-way ANOVA do not show a statistically significant difference in fish consumption within the sample based on stage of change. However, many of the participants of this study may be at risk for significant exposures to MeHg based on total fish consumption regardless of their decision to limit fish consumption. Further investigation is needed to determine types and sources of fish being consumed and fully understand exposure risks. Once risks are established, opportunities for prevention can be utilized to reduce impacts from MeHg exposures.
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Hawkins, Monica. "An assessment of awareness of fish consumption advisories concerning mercury among women of childbearing age." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4540.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 113. Thesis director: Katherine Rowan. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-112). Also issued in print.
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Nabukera, Sarah K. "Delayed childbearing, pregnancy spacing and impact on subsequent pregnancy outcomes Missouri resident mothers, 1978-1997 /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/nabukera.pdf.
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Spigelski, Dina L. "Dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in women of childbearing age in a Senegalese peri-urban community." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80878.
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The validity of two measures of dietary diversity derived from a qualitative diversity questionnaire (reference periods of 1 or 7 days) by comparison with nutrient intake from three 24-hour recalls was investigated in 51 women (18--45 y) in a peri-urban community in Senegal, West Africa. Significant positive correlations (range: r = 0.30 to r = 0.64) were found between intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B6 and diversity score based on number of different individual foods derived from data obtained from the 7-day reference period. Data from the diversity score from the 1-day reference period was less well correlated with the 24-hr recalls. Our data suggest that a diversity measure based on foods derived from a diversity questionnaire would be useful in the monitoring of nutrient intake changes over time within populations.
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Friesen, Allyson Dawn. "Limited access, exploring the barriers to executive style graduate degree programs for women of childbearing age." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64767.pdf.
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Kimura, Vaneska de Carvalho Melhado 1982. "Resistência insulínica em mulheres saudáveis em idade reprodutiva = Insulin resistance in healthy women in childbearing age." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312516.
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Orientador: Arlete Maria dos Santos FernandesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kimura_VaneskadeCarvalhoMelhado_M.pdf: 1746047 bytes, checksum: 4c3f59da8a72a362f8d251faab5d3939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A resistência insulínica (RI) é um estado no qual há diminuição da resposta dos tecidos-alvo à ação da insulina. A prevalência da RI na população adulta jovem não obesa e com resposta normal ao teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG) é estimada em 25%. Estudos sugerem que vários fatores poderiam contribuir com a deterioração da tolerância à glicose em mulheres jovens, entre eles a elevação do peso corporal e o uso de métodos contraceptivos (MAC) hormonais. Objetivos: avaliar uma coorte de mulheres saudáveis em período reprodutivo e sem antecedentes que pudessem interferir no metabolismo de carboidratos, para determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à RI. Sujeitos e Método: para o diagnóstico de RI foi utilizada a técnica do clamp euglicêmico hiperinsulinêmico (CEH). As variáveis estudadas foram sociodemográficas, uso atual de MAC combinado ou não hormonal, tempo de uso do MAC, composição corporal avaliada pela técnica de absortimetria de duplo feixe de raios-X (DXA), valores de perfis lipídico e glicêmico, medidas de pressão arterial e da ingestão calórica. Foi realizada análise das médias e desvio padrão (DP) das variáveis relacionadas à RI e ao uso de MAC e regressão linear múltipla para avaliar fatores que pudessem influenciar a tendência à RI. Participaram deste estudo 47 mulheres saudáveis, que responderam à veiculação da pesquisa, com idade de 18 a 40 anos, IMC<30kg/m2 e todas realizaram CEH com 40mU de insulina. Resultados: do total das mulheres, 16 usavam algum tipo de método contraceptivo hormonal combinado (34%) e 31 usavam método não hormonal (66%). A prevalência de RI foi de 19,1% e significativamente maior entre as que utilizavam método hormonal (6/16) combinado em relação às que utilizavam método não hormonal (3/31). Mulheres com RI tiveram valores médios significativamente maiores de peso, IMC, massa e percentual de massa gorda, razão androide/ginecoide, e dos valores de triglicérides, insulina de jejum, HOMA IR e HOMA Bc. Após análise linear múltipla, as variáveis associadas à tendência à RI foram não ter gestação anterior, tempo de uso de MAC >1 ano e maiores valores de triglicérides. Conclusões: Uma de cada 5 mulheres em idade reprodutiva e saudável apresentou RI e mostrou elevação de peso corporal e de cintura. É importante iniciar medidas de prevenção precoces, estimulando hábitos saudáveis de alimentação e exercícios físicos nas mulheres observadas com elevação de peso e medida de cintura durante o acompanhamento de planejamento familiar
Abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which there is decreased response of target tissues to the effects of insulin. The prevalence of IR in the young non obese adult population with normal response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is estimated to be 25%. Studies suggest that several factors might contribute to the deterioration of glucose tolerance in young women, among them increased body weight and the use of hormonal contraceptive methods. Objectives: evaluate a cohort of healthy women of childbearing age, without antecedents that might interfere in carbohydrate metabolism, to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with IR. Subjects and Method: the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique was used for the IR diagnosis. The variables studied were: sociodemographic, current use of hormonal, combined or non hormonal contraceptive methods, how long hormonal contraceptive methods have been used, body composition evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique, values of lipid and glucose profiles, blood pressure and caloric intake measures. The means and standard deviation (SD) of variables related with IR; use of hormonal contraceptive methods and multiple linear regression were analyzed to evaluate factors that might influence tendency to IR. Forty-seven healthy women who answered research recruiting advertisement participated in this study; their ages ranged between 18 and 40 years, presented BMI<30kg/m2 and all of them were examined by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique with 40mU of insulin. Results: of the total of 47 women, 16 used some type of combined hormonal contraceptive method (34%) and 31 used a non hormonal contraceptive method (66%). The prevalence of IR was 19.1% and significantly higher among those who used a combined hormonal contraceptive method (6/16) compared with those who used a non hormonal contraceptive method (3/31). Women with IR presented significantly higher mean values of weight, BMI, mass and percentage of fat body mass, android/gynecoid ratio, and values of triglycerides, fasting insulin, HOMA IR and HOMA Bc. After multiple linear analysis, the variables associated with tendency to IR were not having been pregnant before, having used hormonal contraceptive method >1 year and higher triglycerides values. Conclusions: One in every 5 healthy women of childbearing age presented IR and increased body weight and waist circumference. It is important to adopt early prevention measures, stimulating healthy eating habits and physical exercises for women with weight and waist measure increase during the family planning follow-up period
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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Ekholm, Selling Katarina. "Birth-characteristics, hospitalisations, and childbearing : Epidemiological studies based on Swedish register data." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9660.
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Oliveira, Fabiola Araujo Sales de. "DoenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis em mulheres em idade fÃrtil: um estudo populacional." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7604.
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As doenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis (DST) sÃo importante causa de morbidade em todo o mundo, com considerÃveis repercussÃes mÃdicas, sociais e econÃmicas. Para traÃar o perfil epidemiolÃgico das DST em mulheres em idade fÃrtil de um pequeno municÃpio do interior do CearÃ, foi realizado um estudo de base populacional em Pacoti em janeiro e fevereiro de 2001. O estudo consistiu em questionÃrios estruturados, exame ginecolÃgico e diagnÃstico laboratorial para detecÃÃo de HPV, clamÃdia, tricomonas, gonorrÃia, sÃfilis e HIV. Participaram do estudo 734 mulheres entre 12 e 49 anos da zona urbana e rural do municÃpio (75% da populaÃÃo-alvo). Dentre essas, 592 haviam iniciado vida sexual e foram incluÃdas na anÃlise. As taxas de prevalÃncia foram: HPV 11,7% (IC 95%: 9,3-14,7), clamÃdia 4,5% (IC 95%: 3,0-6,6), tricomonas 4,1% (IC 95%: 2,7-6,1), gonorrÃia 1,2% (IC 95%: 0,5-2,6) e sÃfilis 0,2% (IC 95%: 0,0-1,1). Nenhum exame para HIV foi positivo. Apresentaram pelo menos uma DST 19,6% (IC 95%: 16,5-23,2) das mulheres. As DST foram mais prevalentes entre as adolescentes. A prevenÃÃo do cÃncer ginecolÃgico anterior mostrou forte efeito protetor contra ter DST (OR=0,4; IC 95%: 0,2-0,6). Foram identificados os seguintes fatores de risco: >2 parceiros na vida (OR=2,8; IC 95%: 1,8-4,4), idade da primeira gestaÃÃo <16 anos (OR=2,1; IC 95%: 1,1-4,1), nÃo saber se o parceiro tem outra parceira (OR=1,7; IC 95%: 1,0- 2,8), idade <20 anos (OR=1,9; IC 95%: 1,1-3,4), >1 parceiro nos Ãltimos 12 meses (OR=3,0, IC 95%: 1,4-6,7), inÃcio precoce da vida sexual (OR=2,0; IC 95%: 1,3-3,1) e nÃo habitar com o parceiro (OR=1,7; IC 95%: 1,1-2,7). Nenhum fator sÃcio-econÃmico mostrou associaÃÃo significativa a ter uma DST. O fator protetor e os primeiros trÃs fatores de risco acima mencionados foram independentemente associados a ter DST no modelo multivariado. As DST representam um importante problema na populaÃÃo estudada, e a identificaÃÃo dos fatores protetores e de risco pode orientar a implementaÃÃo de medidas de controle especÃficas que respeitem particularidades de gÃnero e faixa etÃria. O presente estudo permite inferir sobre a epidemiologia das DST em outros municÃpios de perfil semelhante.Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are an important cause of morbidity throughout the world with considerable medical and socio-economic repercussions. To assess the epidemiological situation of STD among women of reproductive age in a small municipality in the hinterland of CearÃ, a population-based study was conducted in January and February 2001. The study consisted of application of structured questionnaires, gynecological examination and laboratory diagnosis to detect HPV, chlamydia, trichomonas, gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV. A total of 734 women aged 12 to 49 years participated in the study (75% of the target population). Among these, 592 had initiated sexual life and were included in the present analysis. The following prevalences were found: HPV 11,7% (IC 95%: 9,3-14,7), chlamydia 4,5% (IC 95%: 3,0-6,6), trichomonas 4,1% (IC 95%: 2,7-6,1), gonorrhea 1,2% (IC 95%: 0,5-2,6) and syphilis 0,2% (IC 95%: 0,0-1,1). There was no case of HIV infection. At least one STD was detected in 19,6% (IC 95%: 16,5-23,2). STD were more prevalent among adolescents. A previous pap smear collection showed an important protective effect against STD (OR=0,4; IC 95%: 0,2-0,6). The following risk factors were identified: >2 partners in life (OR=2,8; IC 95%: 1,8-4,4), first pregnancy <16 years of age (OR=2,1; IC 95%: 1,1-4,1), not knowing if the partner has another partner (OR=1,7; IC 95%: 1,0-2,8), being <20 years of age (OR=1,9; IC 95%: 1,1-3,4), >1 partner in the last 12 months (OR=3,0; IC 95%: 1,4-6,7), early sexual debut (OR=2,0; IC 95%: 1,3-3,1) and not living with a partner (OR=1,7; IC 95%: 1,1-2,7). There was no significant association between STD and socio-economic variables. The above mentioned protective factor and the first three risk factors were independently associated with STD in the multivariate analysis. STD represent an important problem in the population studied, and the identification of protective and risk factors can guide the implementation of gender and age specific control measures. The present study allows to conclude about the STD epidemiology in other municipalities with similar characteristics.
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Arbour, Megan Wood. "An Innovative Strategy to Understand and Prevent Premature Delivery: The Pre-Pregnancy Health Status of Women of Childbearing Age." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1221839682.
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Kompella, Sindura, Sylvester Olubolu Orimaye, Nigel Dsouza, Karl Goodkin, Steven Kendell, Susan Wallace, and Tracy Willson. "Behavioral Correlates for Quitting Opioids among Opioid-Dependent Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women of Childbearing Age in Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/31.
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Background: The opioid epidemic is particularly worrisome in the pregnant population, wherein concerns are raised about the health of a mother and her child, resulting in an alarming incidence and prevalence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). The 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) show the rate of illicit psychoactive substance use among the females aged 12 or older was 15.5% in the past year. Among pregnant women aged 15 to 44, 6.3% were illicit psychoactive substance users. In Tennessee, the number of hospital discharged NAS cases from 2002 to 2013 increased from 1.50 to 16.6 cases per 1,000 live births. This number is triple the national incidence of NAS cases over the same time period. Between 2013 and 2016, at least 52.5% of children diagnosed with NAS in Tennessee have had exposure to one prescription drug, while 27.2% were exposed to a combination of prescribed medications and illicit substances. We examined the behavioral correlates that determine the wish to quit opioids or not to quit opioids among opioid-dependent pregnant and non-pregnant women in rural Appalachia.
Methods: Ten women of childbearing age, whether pregnant or not, who were receiving prescribed opioids, were recruited to join the study. All the participating women were also receiving physician-managed Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) therapy for the treatment of severe opioid use disorder, or are currently being prescribed an opioid medication. Study variables included age, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Visual Analogue Scale – Pain (VAS-P), the Modified Opiate Craving Scale (MOCS), the Visual Analog Commitment to Quit Opiates, the McGill Pain Index (MPI), prescriptions, tobacco and nicotine use, illicit substance use, the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), and the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire. The HAM-D, MOCS, MPI, and SOCRATES scores were log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman’s rank correlation (with a 95% Confidence Interval) were conducted to examine significant behavioral correlates for quitting opioids.
Results: Descriptive statistics show that women with higher HAM-D and MOCS scores are not likely to express willingness to quit opioids. There is a statistically significant strong positive correlation of 0.679 (pppp
Conclusion: Women who recognize the need to quit opioids or are “taking steps” to quit are more likely to quit opioids. Women with high depression and pain scores are not likely to quit opioids. Non-opioid medications may reduce the number of opioid-dependent pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age, and, in turn, lower the currently high incidence and prevalence rates of NAS.
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Robertson, Eva. "Aspects of foreign-born women's health and childbirth-related outcomes : an epidemiological study of women of childbearing age in Sweden /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-727-4/.
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Henderson, Susan Ahlstrom. "Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, and Food Practices of Women of Childbearing Age and Their Preschool Children in Northeast Brazil." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5354.
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Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.
Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 percent of the children were at or below the tenth percentile for height and weight, respectively, when compared to Brazilian standard tables, and 30 percent were below the tenth percentile of weight for height. When compared to NCHS standard tables, 34 percent were below the tenth percentile for weight/height. Nutrition knowledge was very limited, but opportunities for nutrition education are great as mothers wanted more nutrition and feeding information. Squash, carrots and mangoes were more common sources of vitamin A than were animal sources.
Multiple regression models indicated statistical significance among mothers' serum retinol, survey site, and mothers' weight/height percentile and among mothers' vitamin A intake, survey site, and mothers' ages. The data indicate that vitamin A nutrition status is suboptimal in Northeast Brazil, but appropriate food sources exist. Long-term intervention projects need to focus on increasing the production, distribution, and consumption of preformed vitamin A- and carotene-rich foods.
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Quay, Teo. "Assessment of the rate and determinants of vitamin B12 deficiency in South Asian and European women of childbearing age in Metro Vancouver." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46231.
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Low maternal vitamin B12 (B12) status has been associated with an increased risk for adverse offspring health outcomes, including neural tube defects and insulin resistance. High rates of B12 deficiency have been reported in South Asians, who comprise one of Canada???s largest minority groups, and Canadian women of childbearing age. Comprehensive B12 status assessment should include multiple biomarkers to reduce the risk of misclassification. However, there is no consensus on the appropriate cut-off values to define chronic and marginal B12 deficiency. Our goal was to assess the rate and determinants of B12 deficiency in healthy South Asian and European women in Metro Vancouver using multiple biomarkers.
We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in a convenience sample (n=207) of South Asian and European women (19-35y). Anthropometric measurements and questionnaire data on demographics, lifestyle and diet were collected. Vitamin B12 status was assessed using serum vitamin B12 (SB12), serum holotranscobalamin (holoTC) and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) as biomarkers. The association of lifestyle, social, dietary, and genetic variables with B12 status was examined using multiple regression models.
Using conventional SB12 concentration cut-offs, 14% of participants with biochemical data (n=204) were classified with chronic deficiency (SB12 <148 pmol/L), and 20% with marginal deficiency (SB12 148-220 pmol/L). There were no ethnic differences in rates of deficiency. The rate of B12 deficiency dropped substantially (5-12% decrease) when cut-offs for alternate biomarkers (holoTC and MMA) were applied alone or in combination with SB12 to indicate functional deficiency. Vitamin B12 status was influenced positively by dietary B12 intake and B12 supplement use, and negatively by oral contraceptive use and first generation immigrant status.
We observed a high rate (34%) of B12 inadequacy based on SB12 levels, indicating a potential need for peri-conceptional monitoring of B12 status. Risk factors associated with B12 deficiency should be further assessed to determine whether surveillance of at-risk groups is required. Multiple biomarkers should be applied henceforth in B12 status assessment, as SB12 alone may lack accuracy and may not be sensitive for detecting marginal deficiency. As such, further investigation into the appropriate cut-offs for MMA and holoTC is needed.
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Adenfelt, Oskar. "Home-leaving and Parenthood : Timing of home-leaving and the relation to childbearing behavior in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-151453.
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Objective: This thesis examines the timing of having the first child in relation to when Swedish men and women leave the parental home. The aim is to explain if any childbearing trends can be detected based on whether one leaves the parental home at a younger or older relative age than the current age norms. The timing of having the first child might be affected by either a speed up/slow down effect (one continues to experience other stages of adulthood faster or slower relative to people of the same age) or an age-norm effect (one tries to counter-act deviation from the home-leaving norm by speeding up or delaying childbearing to align with people of the same age). Method and Data: Event history analysis is applied using a multivariate piece-wise constant hazard model. The data comes from Swedish register data based on records of the entire Swedish population between 1 January 1953 and 31 December 2012. Results: The results indicate that Swedish women who leave the parental home younger than the norm run a greater risk of having their first child sooner after leaving the parental home relative to women of the same age. Swedish men who leave the parental home younger than the norm, on the other hand, run a greater risk of having the first child later after leaving the parental home relative to men of the same age. Swedish men who leave the parental home later than the norm run a greater risk of having their first child sooner after leaving the parental home relative to men of the same age while the opposite is true for women. However, the effects of timing of leaving the parental home are relatively small, which can be explained by the very long and stable mean durations found. The peak durations of intensities, i.e. number of years between leaving the parental home and having the first child, for men and women can be found after 10–12 years. The peak durations of intensities are remarkably similar between the genders. Conclusion: Swedish women who leave the parental home earlier than the norm are more likely to experience a speed-up effect in terms of childbearing and a slow down effect when leaving the parental home later than the norm. Thus, women stick to breaking the normative timing of the life course events once they have started. Swedish men, on the other hand, are more likely to try and catch up with age norms and instead postpone having the first child when leaving the parental home earlier than the norm and speed up having a child when leaving the parental home later than the norm. Men are thus more likely to time having children with men of the same age.Stockholm University SIMSAM Node for Demographic Research
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Khey, David N. "Adverse outcomes in adolescent childbearing and the intergenerational transference of risk cross comparison of children of mothers differing on age and presence of miscarriage /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000720.
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Haynes, Deborah. "Delaying First Pregnancies: Canadian Women's Knowledge and Perception of the Consequences." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2356.
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Many women aged 20-30 are postponing their first pregnancies until their mid 30s and beyond, which has resulted in compressed childbearing years and/or infertility. Little is known about the knowledge and understanding that Canadian women of advanced age (age 35-45) possess of their reproductive capacity. This phenomenological study sought to explore these women's knowledge and perception of their reproductive capacity in relation to the timing of first pregnancy. Research questions using the constructs of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior were developed to explore how the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of women's childbearing behaviors were based on their perceptions of their reproductive capacity. A purposeful sample of 10 participants provided data in semistructured interviews about their lived experiences of being pregnant for the first time at an advanced age. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts. Emergent themes derived from the data included being naïve about natural conception, use of fertility specialist, discussions of childbearing plans by family doctors, lacking energy to care for young children, and feeling judged by others. Results indicated inaccuracies in the women's factual knowledge in terms of the narrow window for fertility, chances of natural conception, the impact of long-term use of contraception, and the use of artificial reproductive technologies to compensate for age-related fertility decline. This study may promote positive social change by offering healthcare providers information that assists them in tailoring reproductive messages for patients that dispel misconceptions regarding women's reproductive potential, which may reduce the number of women experiencing involuntary childlessness and infertility
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Xin, Liping. "Women of childbearing age dietary patterns and vitamin B12 status : a validation study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy, 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/457.
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From conception the dynamic balance between nutritional and activity factors play a role in the accumulation of risk for future disease. Maternal nutrient balance and the subsequent dietary pattern of the family set the path for the growth and development of the individual and therefore also for their offspring. There is strong evidence from studies in India that mothers who have a low vitamin B12 status, but high folate, will have children with higher adiposity and more cardiovascular risk factors than those with adequate B12. The B12 status is closely linked to the dietary pattern particularly the consumption of red meat which has a high B12 content. In New Zealand there are an increasing number of Indian migrants. Vegetarianism is also practiced by an increasing number including young women. In addition, there is a high rate (up to 60%) of unplanned pregnancies in New Zealand. In the 1997 New Zealand National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) report, vitamin B12 intake appeared adequate for the New Zealand population and breakfast cereals were reported as one major dietary source of B12. Cereals in New Zealand however, were not fortified with B12 and there was an error in the FOODfile™ data entries for B12 in some cereals. The raw data of reported B12 intakes in the 24-hour diet recall (24HDR) of NNS97 was reanalysed at the individual level by subtracting the B12 derived from breakfast cereals and applying the 2005 revised estimated average requirement (EAR) value. The possible prevalence of B12 insufficiency was 2.4 times that originally reported by the NNS97, translating into a prevalence of up to 27% of the population sampled. This analysis was limited as it was not adjusted for day-to-day variance or to the New Zealand population. This apparently high prevalence of risk for inadequate B12 intake in the surveyed individuals required confirmation that the B12 intake from 24HDR and also a 7-day diet diary (7DDD) was a valid assessment of B12 status. The group of particular interest is women of childbearing age (18-50y) with a range of eating patterns. Thirty eight women aged 19-48y; 12 non-red-meat-eaters (5 Indians vs. 7 non-Indians) and 26 red-meat-eaters (1 Indian vs. 25 non-Indians) participated in this validation study. Anthropometry and hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (BIA) were measured on the same day as a 24HDR was recorded. Fasting serum lipids, glucose, haematological parameters, and serum B12, holotranscobalamin II (holo-TC II, a specific B12 biomarker), and folate concentrations were measured. Foods eaten and time spent in physical activity during the following 7 days were extracted from 7DDD and 7-day physical activity diary (7DPAD). There was no significant correlation between dietary intake (24HDR or 7DDD) and biomarkers for B12 status. Indians reported lower mean daily B12 intakes in 7DDD than non-Indians (1.6 vs. 4.5 μg/day, p<0.001) and this was confirmed by Indians’ significantly low serum B12 (203 vs. 383 pmol/L, p=0.04) and holo-TC II (35 vs. 72 pmol/L, p=0.02) concentrations compared to non-Indians. A similar pattern was found between non-red-meat-eaters and red-meat-eaters in daily B12 intake in 7DDD (2.3 vs. 4.8 μg/day, p<0.001) and in B12 biomarkers (serum B12, 263 vs. 397 pmol/L, p=0.01; holo-TC II, 43 vs. 77 pmol/L, p<0.005). Non-red-meat-eaters reported significantly higher daily folate intake in 7DDD (359 vs. 260 μg/day, p=0.01) than red-meat-eaters but no significant difference was found in serum folate concentration between these groups (29 vs. 24 pmol/L, p=0.10). Indians/non-red-meat-eaters also reported lower daily protein intake and higher percentage of total energy from carbohydrate in 7DDD compared to non-Indians/red-meat-eaters but total reported energy intake tended to be under-reported and physical activity over-reported when assessed against estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR). Body composition varied by dietary pattern. Indians/non-red-meat-eaters had higher body fat percentage (BF %) and weaker grip strength than non-Indians/red-meat-eaters. In addition, Indians had a significantly higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) than non-Indians. Overall, the whole group reported that they were inactive. The median time spent in moderate, high and maximal intensity activities was only 19 minutes a day, which did not meet the NZ guideline for adults of 30 minutes a day. In this small study nutrient analysis of diet by 24HDR or 7DDD, was not a reliable or accurate way to assess B12 insufficiency. Questions about dietary patterns such as “do you eat red meat”, and taking ethnicity into account could more easily identify the at risk population. Supplementation and/or fortification of B12 should be considered before pregnancy.
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Nicaragua, Odila. "Design and application of a nutrition education program based on a test of improved practices for pregnant women and women of childbearing age in La Rinconada and Cuambo." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5407.
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This study was done with the objective of designing and applying a nutrition education program based on a test of improved practices for pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the rural communities of Ibarra canton: La Riconada and Cuambo. For this, information was collected on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the eating habits of pregnant women. These results were used to identify content and recommendations to reinforce and/or instruct about eating during pregnancy. Nutrition education was based on the methodology of the improved practices test, which consisted of testing the recommendations in families' homes before recommending them and recording information on their acceptability. The results indicate that pregnant women in the two communities don't eat all the food groups every day. They need to increase the consumption of foods rich in calcium and iron, as well as foods that supply energy, protein, and fats. The pregnant women don't eat additional foods to cover these recommendations during the pregnancy. Despite the knowledge they have and the lessons they received, there are women who don't eat greens, vegetables, and fruits because they don't like them, and those who do eat them don't meet the established nutritional recommendations. The women prefer to eat artificial drinks with unboiled water, and they do not look after personal hygiene. The test of improved practices has been useful for observing if they really put in practice the knowledge about eating during pregnancy, and at the same time it helped design the educational proposal that served as a guide to help improve eating practices of pregnant women in the two rural communities, considering their motivations and recommendations.
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Frota, Maria Tereza Borges Araujo. "Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia em crianças e mulheres atendidas pela estratégia de Saúde da Família no Maranhão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-08042013-101924/.
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Introdução - A anemia é considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública da atualidade, afetando as populações de quase todos os países, sobretudo aqueles onde predominam padrões dietéticos deficientes e fatores ambientais adversos. Objetivo - Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anemia em crianças menores de cinco anos e mulheres em idade reprodutiva entre a população atendida pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF), no estado do Maranhão. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal de base populacional. A amostra se constitui de 978 crianças de seis a 59 meses e 978 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos de idade cadastradas na ESF em 21 municípios escolhidos por sorteio sistemático probabilístico entre as quatro macrorregiões e capital do Estado. A coleta de dados foi realizada em entrevistas domiciliares por meio de questionário aplicado junto às mães ou responsáveis pelas crianças, contendo informações sobre a situação socioeconômica e demográfica e de segurança alimentar da família, e das condições de saúde das mulheres e das crianças. Foram medidos peso e altura, para avaliação do estado nutricional e feita a dosagem da concentração de hemoglobina do sangue capilar com leitura imediata pelo hemoglobinômetro portátil Agabe®. A associação entre a anemia e as variáveis foi verificada primeiramente por análise bivariada e posteriormente por regressão de Poisson, segundo modelo hierarquizado. Resultados A prevalência média de anemia entre as mulheres foi de 36, por cento para o estado do Maranhão e 55,1 por cento para a capital, São Luís. Entre as crianças, a prevalência também foi mais elevada na capital (68,7 por cento ) em relação ao estado como um todo (51,6 por cento ). Tanto as mulheres como as crianças apresentaram prevalências mais elevadas na área urbana. O grupo de 6-23 meses de idade foi mais afetado pelo problema (65 por cento ) do que o de 24-59 meses (42 por cento ), assim como aquele cujas mães também apresentavam anemia (63,6 por cento ). A análise de regressão identificou como fatores de risco para a anemia em crianças ter idade inferior a dois anos, presença de anemia materna, coabitação de três ou mais crianças menores de cinco anos no domicílio e residir na capital do estado. Para as mulheres os fatores de risco associados à anemia foram morar na capital e estar acima do peso. Conclusões As elevadas prevalências de anemia encontradas em crianças e mulheres no Maranhão a configuram como um problema de saúde pública entre a população atendida pela ESF. É necessária a busca de intervenções factíveis de serem aplicadas uma vez que, tanto o Programa Nacional de Suplementação do Ferro, para lactentes, como o de fortificação das farinhas de trigo e de milho vigentes no Brasil não conseguiram fazer com que a prevalência avaliada através dos grupos crianças e mulheres em idade fértil esteja no limite aceitável. Igualmente há que considerar que dos fatores de risco detectados poucos são susceptíveis a modificação e estão relacionados ao consumo de alimentos e seus fatores determinantesIntroduction - Anemia is considered one of the greatest public health problems today, affecting populations of almost all countries, especially those where lacking dietary patterns and adverse environmental factors predominate. Objective - To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in children under five and women of childbearing age in the state of Maranhão. Methods - A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was comprised of 978 children aged six to 59 months and 978 women aged 15 to 49 years old enrolled in Family Health Strategy (FHS) in 21 counties selected by systematic random probability among the four geographical regions of the state and the capital. Data collection was performed on household interviews through questionnaire applied to mothers or childrens caretakers, containing information on demographic and socioeconomic status and household food security, and women and childrens health conditions. Weight and height were measured to assess nutritional status and followed by hemoglobin concentration of the blood capillary with immediate reading by Agabe ® portable hemoglobin. The association between anemia and the variables was checked first by bivariate analysis, followed by Poisson regression with a hierarchical model. Results - The prevalence of anemia among women was 36.0 per cent for the state of Maranhão and 55.1 per cent for capital, São Luís. Among children, the prevalence was also higher in the capital (68.7 per cent ) compared to the state as a whole (51.6 per cent ). Both women and children had a higher prevalence in urban areas. The group of 6-23 months of age was most affected by the problem (65 per cent ) than that of 24-59 months (42 per cent ), as one whose mothers also had anemia (63.6 per cent ). The regression analysis identified as risk factors for anemia in children age less than two years, the presence of maternal anemia, cohabitation of three or more children under five at home and reside in the capital. For women the risk factors associated with anemia were living in the capital and being overweight. Conclusions - The high prevalence of anemia in children and women found in Maranhão configure anemia as a public health among the population served by the FHS. It requires the implementation of feasible intervention measures for the control and prevention of this disease once, both, the National Iron Supplementation for infants, such as the fortification of wheat and corn flour current in Brazil failed to make the prevalence evaluated through children and childbearing age groups is on the acceptable limits. Its also necessary to consider that among the risk factors identified few are susceptible to modification and are related to food consumption and its determinants
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Kaylor, Mary. "Access to dental care for women of childbearingt age." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1190144125.
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Abdel-Mahamoud, Adam Yaya. "Etude des déterminants socioculturels du recours aux services de planification familiale par les femmes au Tchad : cas de la zone périurbaine d'Abéché." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3304/document.
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Les objectifs de notre étude étaient d’identifier et décrire les obstacles à la planification familiale ; d’analyser et déterminer les facteurs associés aux non recours par les femmes; et d’analyser l’attitude des professionnels de santé en matière de planification familiale. Une recherche bibliographique sur le thème et une enquête par questionnaire administrée lors d’entretiens face-à-face auprès des femmes en âge de procréer et auprès des professionnels de santé ont été réalisées. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées à l’aide d’EPI INFO 6 et SAS version 9.4. Une régression logistique a permis de mesurer l’association entre l’utilisation et non de méthodes de planification familiale. Au total, 314 femmes et 17 professionnels de santé ont été interrogés. L’accès aux services, l’âge, et l’ethnie étaient significativement associés au non recours à la planification familiale. Les obstacles, dont l’opposition du conjoint, manque d’information, manque de personnel qualifié limitaient le recours à la planification famille. La mise en oeuvre des interventions ciblées devront permettre de surmonter les obstacles et seraient les principaux déterminants au recours des services de planification par les femmesThe objectives of our study were identified and describe the barriers to family planning; analyze and identify factors associated with non-use by women; and to analyze the attitude of health professionals regarding family planning. A literature search on the topic and a questionnaire survey administered in face-to-face interviews with women of childbearing age and health professionals were conducted. Statistical analyzes were performed using EPI INFO 6 and SAS version 9.4. Logistic regression measured the association between the use and non-use of family planning methods. A total of 314 women and 17 health professionals were interviewed. Access to services, age, and ethnicity were significantly associated with non-use of family planning. Barriers, including spousal opposition, lack of information, lack of qualified staff, limited the use of family planning. The implementation of targeted interventions will need to overcome barriers and be key determinants of women's use of planning services
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Willcut, John Lance. "Methylmercury risk communication needs among women of childbearing age." 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/willcut/WillcutJ0507.pdf.
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Gregersen, Nerine Evelyn. "The implications to women of childbearing age taking Warfarin Anticoagulation." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1838.
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Faculty of Health Sciences
School of Patholgy
8601804k
erine.gregersen@nhls.ac.zaThe oral anticoagulant, warfarin, when administered in pregnancy, can cause warfarin embryopathy, fetal central nervous system abnormalities, spontaneous abortion and fetal intrauterine death. Women with prosthetic heart valves usually require warfarin in pregnancy because of their high risk for thromboembolic complications. Anticoagulation regimens in pregnancy in these women aim to balance the fetal effects of warfarin with maternal risks of thromboembolism. This study was conducted by structured interview of 124 black urban South African women of childbearing age, who had at least one warfarin-exposed pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the pregnancy outcomes in this cohort, their awareness of the effects of warfarin in pregnancy, and what management practices, as reported by them, had occurred with regard to their anticoagulation in pregnancy and what genetic counselling they had received. There was a significant difference in outcome between warfarin-exposed and non-exposed pregnancies; 55.2% (123/223) of warfarin-exposed pregnancies ended in the birth of an abnormal baby, spontaneous abortion or intrauterine death. The warfarin embryopathy rate was estimated at 4.5 – 5.4%. Most women reported having been given information about warfarin in pregnancy, though their awareness about the personal and fetal effects of warfarin was often inaccurate. Of warfarin-exposed pregnancies, 95% were reportedly exposed during critical weeks six to ten of pregnancy, and >50% after 36 weeks. Only 5/124 (4%) interviewees had genetic counselling. Poor pregnancy outcomes, lack of awareness about the effects of warfarin in pregnancy, and management practices at odds with international regimens are all areas highlighted by this study that require urgent attention in this high-risk group of women.
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Lin, Chia-Hui, and 林佳慧. "The Study of Fertility Will by Taipei Women with Childbearing Age." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58094731916313187828.
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碩士銘傳大學
經濟學系碩士在職專班
100
At present, regarding the method of increasing the fertility rate among the various countries, including the measure of the birth prize or allowance offer, the service or subsidies of the free nurture, the free preschool education or the expense subsidies, the reduction of tuition and incidental fee from mandatory education and so on. However, discovered from this research, the best way of enhancing the fertility rate is to promote economic developments positively and improve economic pressures from the basic life necessities of populace. The research was processed by depth interviews. On the one hand, investigate different backgrounds and environments of the reproductive effects; on the other hand, summarize the affordable cost and expense of fertility. We interviewed 10 women of childbearing age in Taipei to understand deeply the attitude of their fertility. Taiwan has entered the society of the elderly, plus the low birth rate problem becomes more serious, the burden of our national strength and every national future will be very worthy of consideration. Taiwan is now facing the population structure change. Both on the impact level and force are different from those in the past, worthy of our attention and efforts!
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Tan, Poh Lin. "Determinants of Teenage Childbearing in the United States." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9914.
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This dissertation consists of two original empirical studies on the determinants of teenage childbearing in the United States. The first study examines the impact of educational attainment on teenage childbearing, using school entry laws as an instrument for education and a highly detailed North Carolina administrative dataset that links birth certificate data to school administrative records. I show that being born after the school entry cutoff date affects educational success in offsetting ways, with a negative impact on years of education but positive impact on test scores. Using an IV regression strategy to distinguish the impacts of years of education and test scores, I show that both educational measures have negative impacts on teenage childbearing.
The second study examines potential causes of the decline in the U.S. teenage birth rate between 1991 and 2010. Using age-period-cohort models with Vital Statistics birth data and Census population counts, I show that the decline was driven by period changes in the early 1990s but by cohort changes between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s. I also use a difference-in-differences model to investigate the extent to which social policies in the 1970s-1980s can explain these cohort changes. The evidence suggests that while legalization of abortion for adult women and unilateral divorce laws had a significant impact on teenage birth rates in the 1990s-2000s, abortion legalization is unlikely to be a major explanation for the observed decline.
Dissertation
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Westling, Jessi. "The relationship between socioeconomic status, stress, and substance use among women of childbearing age." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20880.
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LAI, YU-PING, and 賴鈺萍. "The Body Experience of Breast Reconstruction: Women with Breast Cancer in the Childbearing Age." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zv5q38.
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碩士弘光科技大學
護理研究所
104
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and first leading cause of cancer death among Taiwan women. Breast reconstruction can improve the psychosocial adjustment, including enhancing body image and quality of life. The present study aimed to understand the body experience of breast reconstruction women’s. A purposive sample of 10 women who had undergone breast mastectomy and reconstruction were recruited from the Taichung Kaihuai Association. The researcher adopted semi-structured interviews with cases. Data were collected from May to July 2016. The data from interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and content analysis was used to analyze and summarize the data. Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) changing a sense of body experience; (2) being with implant and body ; (3) finding like normal me . The results indicated that it is important for health care professionals to recognize potential individual differences. This may usefully aid communication, help to understand their body experience, and offer the information among women considering surgical options.
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Stern, Seth. "A Comparison of Folic Acid Pharmacokinetics in Obese and Non-obese Women of Childbearing Age." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31422.
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Obesity in pregnancy has been associated with an elevated risk for neural tube defects, though it is unknown if this is linked to a lower folate status in obese women. Studies have identified a reduced folate status among obese women even after controlling for folate intake. Thus, it is possible that folic acid pharmacokinetics are altered in the obese body. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetics of folic acid in obese and non-obese women of childbearing age, following administration of a weight-adjusted dose. Area under the concentration-time curve was found to be significantly higher in the obese group, with the dose per kilogram lean body weight most strongly predicting systemic exposure. Estimation of the daily dose required to achieve protective blood concentrations did not identify a need to change supplementation recommendations for obese women. Accordingly, current guidelines appear to suggest adequate doses for obese women of childbearing age.
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Delissaint, Dieula. "Exploring the factors associated with preconception health behaviors among women of childbearing age: a naturalistic inquiry." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3288.
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Poor maternal health is one of the major risk factors related to adverse birth
outcomes. Women entering pregnancy with poor health status are at higher risk of these
outcomes. Prenatal care has been established as the standard prevention paradigm to reduce
poor pregnancy outcomes. However, public health professionals are realizing that prenatal
care alone is not sufficient to improve perinatal health and birth outcomes, and instead have
emphasized the importance of preconception care (PCC). Evidence-based studies reveal that
those who received PCC services have better pregnancy outcomes than those who did not.
Most published research on preconception are clinical studies, little is known about women’s
perception of preconception health and decision-making factor(s) to engage in preconception
health practices. Existing research on preconception health behaviors have used
retrospective designs, making them difficult to use in assessing the extent of women’s
understanding of preconception health behaviors and its relationship to the practice of these
behaviors. Thus, an exploratory qualitative study was needed to examine factors associated
with preconception health behaviors. The objective of this study was to answer two research questions: (a) What are
childbearing age women’s knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of preconception health/care
and how do these factors influence their preconception health behavior? (b) What are the
perceived factors (facilitators and hindrances) associated with these women’s intention and
decision-making regarding preconception health behaviors? Thirteen women were
interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions about PCC and intention toward
preconception health behavior practice. The results indicated that women believed PCC is
important—using the analogy of preparing their house [body] for conception. Participants
associated PCC with physical and nutritional behavior; few acknowledged the importance of
mental health. While women believed PCC was important, the majority did not intend to
engage in PCC until they became pregnant. The main motivator to engage in PCC was
pregnancy. Self-described “laziness” was the most common reported perceived barrier to
PCC. Implications of this study are that additional studies with improved designs are needed
to clarify relationships among intentions and actual behaviors, and that health educators
should focus on educating women about the importance of self-care before conception.
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Ling, Huang Shih, and 黃士玲. "Investigation and analysis of the change of sexual desire in menstrual cycle of childbearing age women." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54027347710667154332.
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碩士樹德科技大學
人類性學研究所
96
The purpose of the study is to explore the change of sexual desire in menstrual cycle of childbearing age women. The questionnaire, "The change of sexual desire in menstrual cycle of childbearing age women and sexual desire intensity Scale" were used to survey 1250 childbearing age women by quota samplingin Kaohsiung city 、 Kaohsuing county . There were 1007 valid questionnaires. The sampling data were analyzed by varianceanalysis of dependent samples、structural equation modeling. These results of the study are as follows：（1）the different background variable child-bearing age woman and the menstrual cycle sexual desire has the difference, the child-bearing age woman menstrual cycle sexual desire peaks has the periodicity, but is not the significant relevance . In which “comes previous five days 11.1% proportions as high take the menstruation”, next is “the ovulation period” accounts for 10.3%.（2）the different background variable child-bearing age woman and the sexual desire intensity has the significant difference. Women who are more satisfied with the relationship、intimacy、sex communication with her partner ，that promote more stronger sexual desire performance degree.（3）there is a correlation between the menstrual cycle sexual desire and the sexual desire intensity of the woman in child-bearing age .（4）the child-bearing age woman sexual desire intensity performance is conceptualization of the three factors, that is,sexual fantasies , masturbation, and couple sexual activities. These research results can be taken as references in the aspects of child-bearing age woman, the female sexology, sexual health﹐further to provide suggestions for future research direction 。
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Lee, Ya-Chien, and 李亞倩. "Childbearing Age Women’s View on Maternity Grant Policies:A Case Study on Taipei City's Maternal Assistance Program." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58773933846287234976.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
幼兒與家庭教育學系碩士班
100
This thesis aimed to investigate a birthrate-elevating maternal assistance program promoted by the Taipei City Government in 2011, “Zhu Ni Hao Yun”, meaning “wish you happily pregnant.” Eleven women of childbearing age participating in the program were interviewed to obtain their viewpoints, attitudes and suggestions for the program. These were further cross-examined with a literature review and research conclusions and recommendations were acquired. The results were shown as follows: First, only the subsidy amount was generally known despite the various accesses to the information on the program. Second, an increased amount and period of the maternity grant will improve the willingness to bear a child. Third, the women of childbearing show positive attitude toward childcare subsidies but expect a higher amount and period. Fourth, although children aged 5 could attend kindergarten for free, but the student quota, the number of babysitting agencies, and the amount of childcare subsidies should be increased. Fifth, afterschool care programs are well intended, but do not provide any practical help. Sixth, the women of childbearing are satisfied with medical checkups, yet they expect that more comprehensive care as well as subsidies for infertility should be made available. Seventh, the women of childbearing show positive attitude toward private company childcare facilities and policies initiated by the enterprises, but the number of the institutions implementing this policy were actually insufficient and thus the beneficiaries were few. Eighth, “Friendly Ground” provides substantial resources but is not widely known. Promotions for this program should be made by the government. Based on these findings, this thesis provided eight recommendations in terms of maternity grant, childcare subsidy, afterschool care and education, and medical subsidy as references for relevant official agencies and researchers.
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Hsu, You-Wen, and 許又文. "Risk assessment and correlation between hair methylmercury levels and fish consumption for women of childbearing age." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86qn9t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
102
The purposes of this study were to assess the methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in hair of women of childbearing age and in commercial fish in Taiwan, and to calculate the daily exposure of MeHg to evaluate the risk of fish consumption for these women. This study collected hair samples from infertile and pregnant women between years 2007 and 2009, and analyzed the MeHg concentration in hair. Nearly 70% of women of childbearing age had hair MeHg concentration equal to or greater than 1 mg kg-1, the USEPA reference dose. The geometric means of women’s hair MeHg were 1.82±0.14 mg kg-1 and 1.23±0.18 mg kg-1 for the infertile and pregnant women, respectively. The hair MeHg concentration in infertile women was significantly greater than that in pregnant women (p<0.05). This study further collected fish samples in 2014, and analyzed their MeHg concentration in fish.The Concentration of MeHg in fishes ranged from 0.001 to 0.54 mg kg-1. Results indicated that over 80% of women of childbearing age had estimated daily MeHg dose exceeding the reference dose, i.e., 0.1 μg kg BW-1 d-1. The averaged women’s daily MeHg exposure dose were 0.51±0.49 and 0.34±0.34 μg kg BW-1d-1 for the infertile and pregnant women, respectively. The daily MeHg exposure dose in infertile groups was significantly larger than that in pregnant women (p<0.01). Pregnancy is significantly correlated with hair MeHg and daily MeHg exposure doses (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), and a significantly correlation between hair MeHg concentrations and daily MeHg exposure was observed (p<0.01). This result shows that the intake of mercury and mercury in the body may cause women infertility.
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WANG, LING-MIN, and 王鈴閔. "The Relationship between Family Structure, Family Harmony, and Drinking Moderation Behavior in Indigenous Women of Childbearing Age." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s6evud.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系長期照護組碩士在職專班
105
Abstract Background Health problems that cause by drinking become an important topic that leads to global attention. The number of people who drink among the Aboriginal tribes has been increased gradually throughout the years, and it seems that the drinking rate is much higher than the pre-dominated ethnic group, which in turn caused family problems (between spouse and parenthood), as well as affecting the degree of harmonization among family members. The prevalence drinking rate for women from Aboriginal tribes in life has reached 67.7%, and 40% of these women had experienced quarrels with their husbands or family members, which implies the drinking problem is impacting the degree of their family harmonization; and yet the alcohol addiction becomes the main cause for increasing percentages for Grand-parenting and Single-parenting. Therefore, this research thesis will be focusing on the correlation between the Aboriginal women of childbearing age from different family structure and degree of family harmonization and their drinking habits, as well as to the effect of application of alcohol drinking control. Goal The aim of this research study is divided into four parts, namely: (1) To understand the distribution of Aboriginal women of childbearing age with drinking habits to their respective differences in family structure; (2) To understand the correlation between Aboriginal women of childbearing age with drinking habits and their respective differences in degree of family harmonization; (3) To compare the changes in behavior of Aboriginal women of childbearing age with drinking habit after engaging themselves into the alcohol drinking control advocacy program, while also taken into consideration of the differences in family structures (i.e. the changes in the frequency of drinking); (4) To compare the changes in behavior of Aboriginal women of childbearing age with drinking habit after engaging themselves into the alcohol drinking control advocacy program, while also taken into consideration of the differences in degree of family harmonization (i.e. changes in the frequency of drinking). Technique The data mining technique adopted by this research study is regarded as the secondary database mining. The original data came from the research study of “The correlation between healthy behavior of Aboriginal women of childbearing age and the reproductive harm”, part of the Year 101 annual outsourcing Technology Research Program conducted by the National Health Service of the Department of Health and Welfare. The participants selected for this research study program covered all Aboriginal women of childbearing age who live in 9 villages of Zen-Ai area, and of which 67 with drinking habits were selected for the study. Moreover, when considering the completeness of the pre- and post-test scores on the degree of family harmonization surveys filled out by these participants, the sample size was down to 52. The software used for statistical analysis was the SPSS 22.0, by launching a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Result Majority of the Aboriginal women of childbearing age, with or without drinking habits, come from Joint Family Structure; and the Nuclear/Core Family Structure comes secondly. There is no correction established between the degree of family harmonization and the differences in drinking frequency. Whether or not a team is succeed in alcohol drinking control, majority of the team members come from the Joint Family Structure. Fifty percent (or higher) of the members from both teams, success and without success in alcohol drinking control, consciously felt that the degree of their family harmonization has been affected, which implies that the success of alcohol drinking control does not impact or change the degree of family harmonization. Conclusion and Recommendation It is the nature tendency for Aborigines to live in groups and drinking is their way of communicating to relatives and friends, as well as being regarded as an important method for social interaction. Aboriginal women that participated in the alcohol drinking control advocacy program is also a member from a large family group, it is difficult for them as an individual to have the influence over their family or relatives as this drinking habit has prolong into the Aboriginal history of life. Therefore, it is suggested that to extend the alcohol drinking control advocacy program to tribes and target tribes as the basis for the advocacy program to enhance better understanding and gain more support from relatives and friends, and hence increase the success of the program.
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Desai, Dipika. "Folate status and knowledge of Sikh women of childbearing age living in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15402.
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Sikh population is at a higher risk for having neural tube defects (NTD) affected
pregnancies compared to the general Canadian population. The women capable
of becoming pregnant are recommended to increase the consumption of folic
acid to reduce the risk of NTD. This descriptive study of 45 Sikh women
between the ages of 18 - 45 years living in the Lower Mainland, BC, assessed
their folate status, knowledge level of folate and neural tube defects, and beliefs
regarding diet and pregnancy. The folate intake was estimated using seven 24
hour dietary recalls conducted over a period of 4 weeks and included
representative number of weekdays and weekend days. The red blood cell folate
and plasma homocysteine analysis on the blood samples of these women were
performed by the BC Biomedical Laboratories. An interviewer administered
questionnaire was used to determine the level of folate knowledge and their
beliefs regarding diet and pregnancy. Folic acid fortification increased folate
intake by 121 ± 53 μg synthetic folic acid (SFA)/day from 291 ± 75 dietary
folate equivalents (DFE)/day to 492 ± 132 DFE/day. For regular user,
supplements contributed an average of 351 ± 267 μg SFA/day. The mean daily
folate intake from all sources was 727 ± 420 DFE/day and 96% women were
meeting the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR; 320 DFE/day). However,
only 24% women were meeting the special recommendation of 400 μg SFA/day
for women capable of becoming pregnant. The mean red blood cell folate level
958 ± 213 nmol/L and 56% women had levels > 906 nmol/L, which is associated with reduced risk of NTD. The mean plasma homocysteine level was
7.3 ± 2.5 nmol/L. Only half of the women had heard of folate and the most
common sources of this information were doctors, magazines/newspaper and
school. Lack of awareness and belief that diet supplies enough folic acid were
the most common reasons provided by the Sikh women for not taking a
supplement. Most women believed that diet played an important role in
pregnancy. Strategies are required to increase the knowledge of Sikh women
regarding folate and neural tube defects.
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French, Melissa Robin. "Folate intakes and knowledge of women of childbearing age : the status in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10621.
Full textAbstract:
Women capable of becoming pregnant are encouraged to increase their folate intake to
reduce the risk of neural tube defects. This cross-sectional study estimated folate intake and
knowledge in a sample of 148 women of childbearing age (18-45 years) living in the Lower
Mainland of British Columbia. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to determine
folate knowledge and folate intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency
questionnaire. Folic acid fortification of bread and grain products increased folate intake by 104
+ 68 ug synthetic folic acid (SFA)/day from 296 + 153 ug Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFEVday
to 470 + 200 ug (DFE)/day (p < 0.001). Supplements contributed an average of 205 ± 388 ug
SFA/day. Mean daily folate intake from food folate, fortified foods and supplementation was 812
+ 710 ug DFE/day. Even though 85.7% of women were meeting the Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR; 320 ug DFE/day) for folate, only 25.7% were meeting the recommendation
(400 ug SFA/day) for women capable of becoming pregnant. Most women (94.6%) had heard of
folate but only 25% were aware that folate can prevent birth defects. One quarter of women had
good or very good knowledge of foods containing folate. The most common sources of
information on folate were magazines/newspapers, doctors and television/radio. A lack of
awareness of the importance of folic acid was the most common reason for choosing not to use
folic acid supplements before pregnancy. Seventy-eight percent of women indicated that, with
knowledge of the benefits of folic acid, they would be willing to take a supplement containing
folic acid daily to reduce the risk of birth abnormalities. Strategies are required to increase folate
intake among women and to promote the benefits of periconceptional folic acid supplementation.
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Galvin, Lisa. "Contraceptive among female mental health care users of childbearing age attending Chris Hani Baragwanath academic hospital in soweto." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/28218.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Psychiatry
Johannesburg, 11 December 2018Background: Women with mental illness are at increased risk of unplanned pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes for themselves and their offspring. Aim: This study described patterns of contraceptive use, family planning education and contraceptive preferences in female mental health care users of childbearing age at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto. The study also aimed to determine associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and contraceptive choices and to assess perceived barriers to contraception. Methods: A convenience sample of 190 women aged 18-49 were recruited from outpatients and inpatients. A structured interview using a questionnaire was administered and diagnosis and treatment were obtained from patients’ files. Results: Consistent contraceptive use was 44.7%. Total contraceptive use was 60%. Family planning education had been done with 26.8% of participants. The commonest reason for not using contraception was not being in a relationship (21.6%). The commonest form of contraception was the male condom and 28.9% participants used barrier methods of contraception. Family planning education (p=0.87) and teratogen use (p=0.56) were not associated with contraceptive utilisation. Positive associations were found between contraceptive use and depression (p=0.0068); and between employment and family planning education (p=0.015) Conclusion: Despite contraceptive use being similar to that of the general South African population, there were low levels of family planning education. Participants may be at risk of teratogen exposure during pregnancy. They may also be at risk of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections due to inconsistent contraceptive use and low rates of barrier contraception use.
E.K. 2019
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Chen, Hui-Cheng, and 陳慧錚. "A Research on the Labor Legal System in the Age of Low Birth Rate－Centered on the Labor Protection of Men and Women of Childbearing Age." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08533835871980445609.
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Pinheiro, Rosa Figueira da Câmara Lomelino. "Advanced Maternal Age: Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82617.
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Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaIntrodução: Não há consenso na literatura sobre os riscos da gravidez em mulheres com idade materna avançada (IMA). O objetivo desta meta-análise consistiu em determinar se as mulheres com IMA (≥35) tinham piores desfechos obstétricos e perinatais, comparativamente com as mulheres não-IMA (20-34 anos), em gestações de feto único e por conceção natural. Materiais e métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita na MEDLINE, PubMed, IndexRMP e na Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Foram incluídos dez estudos segundo os seguintes critérios: população-estudo >1000 mulheres, nulíparas e/ou multíparas, com gestações de feto único sem recurso a tecnologias de reprodução medicamente assistida. Duas meta-análises foram feitas com o programa RevMan5: uma comparando os desfechos da gravidez do grupo 20-34 anos com o grupo 35-40 anos e outra comparando os grupos de idades 35-40 e >40 anos. Resultados: As mulheres com 35-40 anos tinham mais probabilidade de ser casadas, não-fumadoras e terem >12 anos de escolaridade, comparativamente ao grupo 20-34 anos OR 1.46 (95%IC; 1.41–1.51), OR 0.75 (0.73–0.77), OR 1.39 (1.36–1.42) e >40 anos OR 0.72 (0.69–0.76), OR 1.13 (1.08–1.18), OR 1.39 (1.36–1.42), respetivamente. Mulheres com IMA (35-40 e >40 anos) tinham maior probabilidade de ter excesso de peso OR 1.18 (1.16–1.20), OR 1.09 (1.06–1.12) e comorbilidades como diabetes gestacional OR 1.87 (1.80–1.95), OR 1.38 (1.31–1.46) e hipertensão gestacional OR 1.07 (1.03–1.11), OR 1.30 (1.23–1.37). Tinham também maior frequência de partos induzidos OR 1.12 (1.11–1.13), OR 1.17 (1.14–1.20) e de cesarianas eletivas OR 2.01 (1.98–2.05), OR 1.38 (1.34–1.42). As mulheres mais velhas tinham mais partos pré-termo OR 1.23 (1.21–1.25), OR 1.17 (1.14–1.21) e recém-nascidos com baixo peso OR 1.10 (1.05–1.15), OR 1.35 (1.25–1.47). Os bebés das mães com IMA eram mais vezes admitidos na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais OR 1.13 (1.10–1.17), OR 1.20 (1.13–1.27) e tinham piores índices de Apgar OR 1.31 (1.27–1.35), OR 1.16 (1.08–1.24). De igual forma, as mulheres com IMA tinham maiores taxas de mortalidade perinatal OR 1.27 (1.20–1.33), OR 1.33 (1.21–1.46) e morte in utero OR 1.60 (1.53–1.68), OR 1.33 (1.21–1.46). Conclusões: Mulheres com IMA têm um maior risco de desfechos obstétricos e perinatais adversos. Em ambas as comparações os piores desfechos foram mais prevalentes no grupo de mulheres com maior idade, sugerindo maior expressão com o avançar da idade.
Introduction: The risks of older motherhood are not consensual amongst studies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine if advanced maternal age (AMA) (≥35 years old) women had worse obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, comparatively to non-AMA women (20-34 years old), in singleton, naturally-conceived pregnancies. Material and methods: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, IndexRMP and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Ten studies were included according to the following criteria: population of >1000 nulliparous and/or multiparous women, with singleton gestations, who did not undergo some type of infertility treatment. Using RevMan5, two meta-analysis were performed: one comparing outcomes of 20-34-year-old with 35-40-year-old women and another comparing the 35-40 with >40 age groups. Results: Women aged 35-40 years old (YO) were more likely to be married, to be non-smokers and to have >12 years of education, compared to 20-34 YO OR 1.46 (95%CI; 1.41–1.51), OR 0.75 (0.73–0.77), OR 1.39 (1.36–1.42) and >40 YO OR 0.72 (0.69–0.76), OR 1.13 (1.08–1.18), OR 1.39 (1.36–1.42), respectively. AMA women (35-40 and >40 YO) had the highest odds of being overweight OR 1.18 (1.16–1.20), OR 1.09 (1.06–1.12) and having gestational diabetes OR 1.87 (1.80–1.95), OR 1.38 (1.31–1.46) and gestational hypertension OR 1.07 (1.03–1.11), OR 1.30 (1.23–1.37). They were also more likely to have induced labour OR 1.12 (1.11–1.13), OR 1.17 (1.14–1.20) and elective cesarean deliveries OR 2.01 (1.98–2.05), OR 1.38 (1.34–1.42). Also, they had more preterm deliveries OR 1.23 (1.21–1.25), OR 1.17 (1.14–1.21) and low birthweight babies OR 1.10 (1.05–1.15), OR 1.35 (1.25–1.47). Babies of AMA mothers had higher rates of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission OR 1.13 (1.10–1.17), OR 1.20 (1.13–1.27) and worse Apgar scores OR 1.31 (1.27–1.35), OR 1.16 (1.08–1.24). AMA women had higher rates of perinatal mortality OR 1.27 (1.20–1.33), OR 1.33 (1.21–1.46) and stillbirth OR 1.60 (1.53–1.68), OR 1.33 (1.21–1.46). Conclusions: AMA women are at higher risk of adverse obstetrical and perinatal outcomes. In both comparisons worse outcomes were more prevalent in the older group, suggesting more expression with increasing age.
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Oliveira, Catarina Gomes. "The impact of online fertility education:evaluating knowledge, childbearing motivations and the intentions to change negative lifestyle factors among reproductive age peolpe." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31513.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais nas Perturbações Psicológicas e na Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de CoimbraIntrodução: A investigação tem mostrado que existem lacunas significativas de conhecimento sobre fertilidade e saúde reprodutiva entre homens e mulheres. Tal pode impedir as pessoas de se comportarem de forma otimizada e assim ameaçarem a sua paternidade futura. Método: A amostra incluiu 230 pessoas sem filhos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 40 anos, que foram distribuídas aleatoriamente por três grupos, sendo um destes o grupo de controlo. Os participantes completaram um questionário online que avaliou o seu conhecimento sobre fertilidade e saúde reprodutiva, a presença de fatores de estilo de vida negativos, motivações para a parentalidade e intenções de alterar o estilo de vida. Resultados: Os participantes que receberam informação sobre fertilidade e saúde reprodutiva aumentaram significativamente o seu conhecimento quando comparados com o grupo de controlo, que não recebeu qualquer informação. Um mês após receber informação, a maioria dos participantes tinha intenções de mudar pelo menos um dos fatores de estilo de vida negativos e quase metade já iniciado pelo menos uma mudança no seu estilo de vida. Os resultados mostraram ainda que possuir conhecimento afeta as intenções de mudança quando as motivações negativas para a parentalidade são baixas ou médias, mas não quando são elevadas. Conclusões: O estudo evidenciou que a educação elaborada com base em ferramentas online contribui para o aumento do conhecimento e afeta as intenções para proceder a mudanças no estilo de vida, o que pode contribuir para prevenir problemas de fertilidade futuros.
Background: Research has identified significant gaps in men’s and women’s knowledge of fertility and reproductive health, which can prevent them from behaving optimally and threaten future parenthood. Methods: Sample was composed by 230 childless people with ages ranged from 18 to 40 years, randomly assign in three groups, one of them the control group. Participants completed an online questionnaire aimed at assessing knowledge of fertility and reproductive health, negative lifestyle factors, childbearing motivations and intentions to do lifestyle changes. Results: Participants who received online fertility information significantly increased their knowledge about fertility and reproductive health when compared with the control group that did not receive any information. The majority of the participants had intentions to change at least one negative lifestyle factor and almost half had already initiated lifestyle changes one month after receiving online fertility education. Being informed affect intentions to change in situations where negative childbearing motivations were low or moderate, not high. Conclusions: The study provided evidence that online fertility education contributes to increase knowledge and affect intentions to do lifestyle changes, which contributes to prevent fertility problems.