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Giang, Ho Tra. "Research on Ways to Educate Children on How to Avoid Sexual Abuse: A Case of Vietnamese Children." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221091.
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All children in the community are at risk of being sexually abused, including those living in poor or well-to-do families. Not only girls but also male children can become victims of sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse not only causes scars on their bodies, but also children who suffer the scars. It is worth mentioning that after being abused, victims often do not or dare to talk about what happened to them. Most sexual abusers are men and most children are abused by people they know, like relatives, family friends, or neighbours, etc. Sometimes this abuse goes on for a long time, even years. A common trick of the subjects is to take advantage of their trust or influence to seduce and threaten to commit acts of sexual abuse against children. The article analyzes the factors leading to this situation, especially in Vietnam, in order to find suitable solutions. The results show that close coordination between family, school and society plays an important role.
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Lee-Kelland, Richard, and Fiona Finlay. "Children who abuse animals: when should you be concerned about child abuse? A review of the literature." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 8 (July 17, 2018): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-314751.
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Animal abuse by children is common, with 3–44% of children being reported to abuse animals at some point during their childhood. Much of this behaviour may be regarded as an extension of exploratory behaviour in a younger child; however, the apparent link between child and animal abuse is an area of increasing interest; with children who abuse animals being 2–3 times more likely to be directly abused themselves. How concerned should a health professional be that a child who abuses animals could themselves be the victim of abuse? We reviewed the literature on the subject, finding that abuse to an animal that is perpetrated by an older child (>10 years) is more likely to be associated with child abuse. Animal abuse is less common in girls compared with boys and there is some suggestion that child abuse may be more likely in these cases. Some papers have reported a higher prevalence of animal abuse in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delay and conduct disorder, but the relationship with child abuse in these cases is unknown. Information on both child and animal abuse needs to be shared between the veterinary, medical and social care teams in order to protect both children and animals who are vulnerable.
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Sumon, Md Syedur Rahaman, Zamilur Rahman, Md Belayet Hossain Khan, and Sohel Mahmud. "Forensic Study of Child Abuse in Bangladesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, no. 02 (December 25, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.5.
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Introduction:The future reflection of nation child has some common problem like under-nutrition, infections, as well as abuse or maltreatment is equally important. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that worldwide, approximately 20% of women and 5–10% of men report being sexually abused in childhood? In Bangladesh, a large number of children are exposed to severe forms of sexual, physical and mental abuses at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. Methods and Results: A total of 96 children below 18 years above 5 years were included in this research. All the statements made by semi structured interviews and physical examination. About 6% child reported they are referred as idiot and called them foul name being considering them emotionally abused child. 34% child considering physically abused (by burn 34% and by beating 55%). 60% child considering sexually abused. Among them depending on the type of sexual abuse 12% reported someone trying to touch or kissing or even touched their private body parts, 27% reported someone trying to show naked or dirty pictures to them by using mobile, 61% reported that someone put or forced his private organ inside their mouth (11%), anus (32%) or vagina (57%). Conclusion: Child abuse is a global problem. Not in the world but also in Bangladesh. So Bangladesh government should give special attention to safety of child. To prevent child abuse in social life like children on the street, children at work, and children in institutional is a punishable act as per the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act in our parliament.
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Osmanoğlu, Devrim Erginsoy. "Child Abuse and Children’s Strategies to Cope with Abuse." World Journal of Education 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n1p28.
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health, life, development and / or dignity. The prevention of abuse will be possible through the recognition of abuseand abuser by the child and strengthening of the active strategies used by the child to act against them. In line withthe general purpose of the study, answer to the questions “Which age groups from among the elementary school andsecondary school students are under the risk in terms of being abused?”, “Which type of abuse is frequentlyexperienced by the child?”, “Who are the abusers?”, “What are the strategies used by the child abused to cope withthe incidence of abuse?” were sought. An opinion form consisted of 8 questions was used in the current research.The data collected from a total of 616 students were subjected to content analysis. According to the results obtained75% of the children from different age groups were found to have been subject to abuse and all the age groups weremost abused by their peers, followed by family members and relatives.
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Swanston, Heather Y., Patrick N. Parkinson, R. Kim Oates, Brian I. O’Toole, Angela M. Plunkett, and Sandra Shrimpton. "Further abuse of sexually abused children." Child Abuse & Neglect 26, no. 2 (February 2002): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00311-8.
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Ney, P. G. "Does Verbal Abuse Leave Deeper Scars: A Study of Children and Parents*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (June 1987): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200509.
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This study investigating the effects of verbal abuse on children and their abused parents, tends to support the clinical impression that verbal abuse may have a greater impact for a longer period of time. Although there are very few pure forms of verbal abuse, there are some parents who use verbal abuse but would not hit their children, neglect them, or involve them in sex. Verbal abuse may become an increasingly frequent form of controlling and disciplining children because of the increased awareness of physical abuse and because of the possible declining value of children. Verbal abuse may have a greater impact because the abused child has greater difficulty defending himself from the attack. Because children tend to identify with their parents, the verbal abuse by their parents becomes a way in which they then abuse themselves.
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Brezo, Jelena, Joel Paris, Frank Vitaro, Martine Hébert, Richard E. Tremblay, and Gustavo Turecki. "Predicting suicide attempts in young adults with histories of childhood abuse." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 2 (August 2008): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037994.
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BackgroundAlthough childhood abuse is an important correlate of suicidality, not all individuals who were abused as children attempt suicide.AimsTo identify correlates and moderators of suicide attempts in adults reporting childhood physical abuse, contact sexual abuse, or both.MethodA French-Canadian, school-based cohort (n=1684) was prospectively followed.ResultsThe identity of the abuser moderated the relationship of abuse frequency and suicide attempts, with individuals abused by their immediate family being at highest risk. Although paternal education exhibited negative associations (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.88), several externalising phenotypes had positive associations with suicide attempts: disruptive disorders (OR=3.10, 95% CI 1.05–9.15), conduct problems (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.19) and childhood aggression (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.83).ConclusionsCharacteristics of the abuser and abusive acts may be important additional indicators of risk for suicide attempts. Future research needs to employ developmental approaches to examine the extent and mechanisms by which childhood abuse contributes to the shared variance of suicidality, maladaptive traits and psychopathology.
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Nomura, Tatsuya, Takayuki Kanda, Hiroyoshi Kidokoro, Yoshitaka Suehiro, and Sachie Yamada. "Why do children abuse robots?" Interaction Studies 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17.3.02nom.
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Abstract We found that children sometimes abused a social robot placed in a shopping mall hallway. They verbally abused the robot, repeatedly obstructed its path, and sometimes even kicked and punched the robot. To investigate the reasons for the abuse, we conducted a field study in which we interviewed visiting children who exhibited serious abusive behaviors, including physical contact. We analyzed interview contents to determine whether the children perceived the robot as human-like, why they abused it, and whether they thought that the robot would suffer from their abusive behavior. We obtained valid interviews from 23 children (age range, 5–9 years old) over 13 days of observations. We found that 1) the majority of the children engaged in abuse because they were curious about the robot’s reactions or enjoyed abusing it and considered it human-like, and 2) about half of them believed the robot was capable of perceiving their abusive behaviors.
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Heffron, William M., Catherine A. Martin, Richard J. Welsh, Peggy Perry, and Catherine Kirby Moore. "Hyperactivity and Child Abuse." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (June 1987): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200511.
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The role of a child in his/her physical abuse was reviewed with particular attention to hyperactive children. A retrospective analysis of the records of children referred to a university-based hyperactive children's clinic revealed that children both with and without Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) were more often physically abused than children in the general population. The period prevalence of physical abuse in children with ADD did not differ significantly from that in children without ADD. This suggests that hyperactivity may either contribute to, or result from, physical abuse.
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Caykoylu, Ali, Aslihan O. İbiloglu, Yasemen Taner, Nihan Potas, and Ender Taner. "The Correlation of Childhood Physical Abuse History and Later Abuse in a Group of Turkish Population." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 17 (May 20, 2011): 3455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403748.
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Domestic violence is passed from one generation to the next, and it affects not only the victim but also the psychological states of the witnesses, and especially the psychosocial development of children. Studies have reported that those who have been the victim of or witnessing violence during their childhood will use violence to a greater extent as adults in their own families. This research examines the relationships between a history of childhood physical abuse, likelihood of psychiatric diagnoses, and potential for being a perpetrator of childhood physical abuse in adulthood among women who received psychiatric treatment and in the healthy population from Turkey. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood physical abuse vary depending on definition and setting. The frequency of witnessing and undergoing physical abuse within the family during childhood is much higher in the psychiatrically disordered group than the healthy controls. Childhood physical abuse history is one of the major risk factors for being an abuser in adulthood. The best indicator of physically abusing one’s own children was found to be as physical abuse during the childhood period rather than psychiatric diagnosis. There is a large body of research indicating that adults who have been abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children than adults without this history. This is an important study from the point of view that consequences of violence can span generations. Further studies with different risk factor and populations will help to identify different dimensions of the problem.
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Jenny, Carole, Thomas A. Roesler, and Kimberly L. Poyer. "Are Children at Risk for Sexual Abuse by Homosexuals?" Pediatrics 94, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.1.41.
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Objective. To determine if recognizably homosexual adults are frequently accused of the sexual molestation of children. Design. Chart review of medical records of children evaluated for sexual abuse. Setting. Child sexual abuse clinic at a regional children's hospital. Patients. Patients were 352 children (276 girls and 76 boys) referred to a subspecialty clinic for the evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse. Mean age was 6.1 years (range, 7 months to 17 years). Data collected. Charts were reviewed to determine the relationships of the children to the alleged offender, the sex of the offender, and whether or not the alleged offender was reported to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Results. Abuse was ruled out in 35 cases. Seventy-four children were allegedly abused by other children and teenagers less than 18 years old. In 9 cases, an offender could not be identified. In the remaining 269 cases, two offenders were identified as being gay or lesbian. In 82% of cases (222/269), the alleged offender was a heterosexual partner of a close relative of the child. Using the data from our study, the 95% confidence limits, of the risk children would identify recognizably homosexual adults as the potential abuser, are from 0% to 3.1%. These limits are within current estimates of the prevalence of homosexuality in the general community. Conclusions. The children in the group studied were unlikely to have been molested by identifiably gay or lesbian people.
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Kakar, Suman. "Child Abuse and Juvenile Deliquency: A Prospective Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 1 (March 1996): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900104.
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Child abuse has emerged as a central theme in efforts to understand a wide variety of problems, including delinquency. This study utilises the computerised records of substantiated abuse in the Florida Protective Services System's Department of Children, Youth, and Families to examine the effects of child abuse on earty onset of delinquency. A control group matched on racial group, gender, age, and socioeconomic status is used to compare the delinquency rates among the abused and non-abused. The abused children had a higher delinquency referral rate than the control group children and the relationship between abuse and delinquency was found to be statistically significant at.038 level. Age was found to be significant at.091 level. Abused children were found being referred more for personal and status offences.
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Brown, Sarah D., Greg Brack, and Frances Y. Mullis. "Traumatic Symptoms in Sexually Abused Children: Implications for School Counselors." Professional School Counseling 11, no. 6 (August 2008): 2156759X0801100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0801100603.
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School counselors have a duty to formulate strategies that aid in the detection and prevention of child sexual abuse (American School Counselor Association, 2003). School counselors are charged with helping sexually abused children by recognizing sexual abuse indicators based on a child's symptomotology and/or behavior, and understanding how this trauma may affect children in the school setting. Mandated reporting issues, talking with children and adolescents about sexual abuse suspicions, and understanding trauma symptoms and their contribution to the difficulties that sexually abused children have in school are highlighted. In addition, how school counselors can collaborate with clinicians treating sexually abused children through role-appropriate advocacy, intervention, and aftercare strategies is described.
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Ahmed, Fayza Ebrahim. "Extents of abuse and behavioural disorders in autistic children who were abused and who were not abused." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i1.5513.
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This study aimed at identifying the extents of abuse of autistic children and some behavioural disorders in who were abused and who were not abused from parents and teachers’ perspective. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher adopted a descriptive research method and used a survey as a tool for the task. The sample consisted of 200 autistic children. The study found a positive relationship between the extents of abuse (physical, emotional, neglect and sexual) and the degrees of behavioural disorders (self-harm, aggression, anxiety and depression) in children with autism who were abused. Autistic children who were abused suffered more from these behavioural disorders. The study recommends an increase in interest in children with autism within the family and community levels by planning and implementing programmes that can help them to adapt socially to the environment, which keeps them away from the exposure to abuse.
Keywords: Abuse extents, behavioural disorders, autistic children.
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Berkowitz, Carol D. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics In Review 13, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13.12.443.
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Child sexual abuse has been recognized with increasing frequency since the early 1980s, a trend attributable to a number of factors. Increased public awareness has led to programs, particularly in schools, facilitating disclosure by children about abuse. Likewise, parents are more likely now than previously to believe allegations children make about being abused by trusted extrafamilial friends and advisors. Additionally, the medical community is more knowledgeable about both the behaviors that may indicate abuse and the possible physical changes in the anogenital area of sexually abused children. Definition Child sexual abuse is the involvement of children and adolescents in sexual activity that they do not understand and to which they cannot give consent by virtue of their developmental level. There is chronological and developmental asymmetry between the individuals, and the activity is for the sexual gratification of the older individual. Incest involves sexual activities between individuals in whom such activity is prohibited by virtue of societal taboos. These restrictions involve individuals related by blood or by marriage. Sometimes physical abuse may result in injuries in the genital area. Such injuries are not sexual in intent. Epidemiology More than 2 million cases of child abuse are reported annually. Approximately 40% of these cases involve sexual abuse.
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Ayan, Sezer, and Veda Bilican Gökkaya. "Child sexual abuse: The relationship between the type of abuse and the risk factors." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 2 (May 5, 2018): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i2.5302.
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Aim: The objective is to determine whether there is a relationship between the type of abuse and the risk factors. Method: The population of the study consists of 39 sexually abused children. The questionnaire form consisting of 40 questions related to the children’s socio-demographic characteristics and family structures, the type and frequency of sexual abuse, and the identity of abuser was filled in based on the file information of sexually abused victims brought to the Children’s Branch of Sivas Security Directorate. Conclusion: It was determined that there was a significant relationship between the gender and age of the victim and socio-economic level of his/her family and the type of abuse, except for the cases of disability and parents’ living together. Discussion: In this study, it was determined that some risk factors are related to some types of abuse, and the results were evaluated in terms of possible risk factors.
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Babakhanlou, Rodrick, and Tom Beattie. "Child abuse." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738018820872.
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Child abuse is a global public health concern. Not only is it appalling that children should suffer unnecessarily, but also children who have been abused are at increased risk of recurrent abuse and may proceed to be abusers in later life. Early and prompt recognition of signs and features of abuse is crucial to alleviate the presenting condition and to prevent future harms. The aim of this article is to present the current advice and recommendations for the recognition and management of child abuse from a primary care perspective.
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Djuricic, Goran, Zorica Milosevic, Djordje Alempijevic, Vladimir Radlovic, Rasa Medovic, Sinisa Ducic, and Zoran Golubovic. "Social, clinical and radiological characteristics of physical abuse of children up to 3 years of age hospitalized in a tertiary health institution." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 5-6 (2017): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160927083d.
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Introduction/Objective. Child abuse is a significant public health problem in modern society. Many cases of violence against children remain undetected. Serbia has no official protocols for medical examination of abused children. The aim of the study is an analysis of the social, clinical and radiological characteristics of physical abuse of children under three years of age that required hospital treatment. Methods. This retrospective study included 98 physically injured children admitted to the University Children?s Hospital in the period from 2013 to 2015, with suspected physical abuse. In addition to the history of injuries, complete clinical examinations and standard laboratory analyses were performed in all children, as well as X-ray examination in children with apparent or suspected skeletal injury. Ultrasound examination and computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were performed in selected patients. Final diagnosis of abuse was established by multidisciplinary assessment team. The children were divided into two groups ? those with proven and those with suspected abuse. Results. Most of 98 children who were suspected of being abused (92%) were from one or both unemployed parents, 68% were male, 60% were first-born, and 44% younger than one year. Ninety-two percent of the children had skeletal fractures, 19% of whom had two or more fractures. The commonest fracture was a linear skull fracture, which was detected in 51% of the cases. Abuse was confirmed in only five of 98 suspected cases. Conclusion. Among the known social risk factors for abuse of children, the low economic status of the family was the most frequent one in our analyzed sample. The most common injury is a linear skull fracture. A national guideline for medical investigating of abused children is required.
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Rose, Nicholas. "Sexual Abuse of Children: ‘The Facts’." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 6 (June 1987): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.11.6.198.
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“We are confident that at least 10% of children have been engaged in sexual activities with adults…” opens this important trilogy of teaching videotapes on sexual abuse of children, “… and of children alive today in the UK., 1,117,000 will have been sexually abused by the age of 15”.
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Hung, Doan Xuan. "Sexual Abuse of Children with Disabilities in Vietnam." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202149.
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Rokach, Ami. "Medical Child Abuse: When Parents Harm Their Children." Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, no. 5 (August 8, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/102.
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This brief review of medical child abuse and treatment approaches is meant to highlight a problem which gains in frequency lately. That of a parent, usually, who is expected to love and care for the child actually harming that child in ways that may result in many medical examinations, painful invasive procedures, and even unnecessary surgeries.
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Rokach, Ami. "Medical Child Abuse: When Parents Harm Their Children." Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/102.
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This brief review of medical child abuse and treatment approaches is meant to highlight a problem which gains in frequency lately. That of a parent, usually, who is expected to love and care for the child actually harming that child in ways that may result in many medical examinations, painful invasive procedures, and even unnecessary surgeries.
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Haslinda, Haslinda, Lahmuddin Lubis, and Syukur Kholil. "Family Communication Patterns of Abuser and Victim in Sexual Abuse Case Resolutions towards Children in Medan City Resort Police." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.401.
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This study aims to analyze the family communication patterns of abuser and victim in sexual abuse case resolutions towards children, the application of the principles of Islamic communication in resolving sexual abuse cases towards children and to know the obstacles in solving sexual abuse cases for underage children in the law area of Medan City Resort Police. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. This method describes the current state of the subject or object of study based on facts that appear or as they are. The results of the study shows that the family communication patterns of abuser and victim in sexual abuse case resolutions towards children in Medan City Resort Police are the Equality Pattern, Balance Split Pattern, Unbalanced Split Pattern and Monopoly Patterns.
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Henderson, J. Frank. "Abuse of Children." Journal of Religion & Abuse 8, no. 1 (July 20, 2006): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j154v08n01_05.
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Darlington, Yvonne. "Working with sexually abused children: Insights from adult survivors." Children Australia 20, no. 3 (1995): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004582.
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In a qualitative study of adult women's experiences of having been sexually abused as children, research participants reported their recollections of their responses, as children, to sexual abuse and of their relationships with mothers and peers.Childhood responses to sexual abuse included attempts to escape, fear, guilt and shame. Attempts to escape encompassed physical resistance as well as mental processes, such as daydreaming and dissociation. Despite numerous such attempts to escape, in the context of immobilising fear, many still blamed themselves for the sexual abuse. Many also experienced shame, a profound sense of exposure and humiliation. Relationships with mothers were dominated by feelings of loss and betrayal which, in several cases, had persisted into adulthood. Relationships with peers were characterised by isolation, with underlying fear of rejection and humiliation. Physical and verbal abuse, by a wider range of perpetrators, was common.Several conclusions for therapy with sexually abused children are drawn: Attention to the full range of attempts to escape sexual abuse, in the context of immobilising fear, could help dispel children's sense of guilt about sexual abuse. The experiences of guilt and shame should both be addressed. In not blaming mothers for sexual abuse, any negative aspects of the child's experience of his or her relationship with mother should not be inadvertently minimised. The fear of exposure or rejection underlying poor peer relationships should be addressed as part of attempts at improving peer relationships. Isolation accruing from other forms of child abuse by a wider range of perpetrators needs to be addressed.
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Carroll, Lara G., and Philip Birch. "Exploring the experiences of children whose parents are incarcerated." Abuse: An International Journal 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.032.
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This article presents a component of analysis undertaken as part of a larger study that examined how incarcerated parents reconnect with their children upon release from prison. In this paper children’s experience of that process are presented. Using a Rapid Evidence Assessment framework, themes yielded from the analysis centred on: (1) the formal and informal support available to children who experience separation from one or both parents who are in prison, (2) the long-term effects absent parents have on children’s lives, and (3) exploring the experience children have once a parent is released from prison. The paper concludes by reflecting on throughcare and resettlement processes that children are faced with following parental incarceration.
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Conway, Francine, Priyam Talreja, James McCarthy, and Fiona Conway. "Thought and Language Disorder among Sexually Abused Children in a Psychiatric Hospital." Psychological Reports 112, no. 2 (April 2013): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/16.02.pr0.112.2.340-352.
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The empirical literature offers evidence that childhood sexual abuse is a predictor of psychopathology in adults. However, the literature examining the relations between thought disorder and psychotic symptoms in children is sparse. Children with a history of childhood sexual abuse are expected to demonstrate more disturbances in thought relative to their peers with no childhood sexual abuse. Using the Thought and Language Index, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) narratives for four commonly used TAT cards obtained from 39 closed charts of hospitalized children were analyzed. Narratives were assessed on seven dimensions including weakening of goals, perseveration, looseness, peculiar word usage, peculiar sentence construction, non-logical reasoning, and distractibility. Good inter-rater reliability was obtained. Sexually abused children had higher aberrant scores on card number four compared to non-abused children. Sexual abuse history was a predictive factor for non-logical reasoning, with small effect size. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Marinella Cummings, Brinda Doraiswamy, Phyllis Cox, and William M. McCormack. "Nonspecific Vaginitis Following Sexual Abuse in Children." Pediatrics 75, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.6.1028.
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Nonspecific vaginitis, one of the most common causes of vaginitis in adults, is a polymicrobial infection in which vaginal anaerobes act synergistically with Gardnerella vaginalis. The diagnosis is made by examination of the vaginal secretions for clue cells, the development of a fishy odor after the addition of 10% KOH to vaginal secretions, and a vaginal pH greater than 4.5. To determine whether nonspecific vaginitis occurs in sexually abused children, we obtained vaginal washes from 31 abused and 23 nonabused children, 2½ to 13 years of age. A child was considered to have definite nonspecific vaginitis if her wash contained both clue cells and odor; she was considered to have possible nonspecific vaginitis if her wash contained either clue cells or odor. We did not use vaginal pH as a diagnostic criterion because the normal range has not been standardized in prepubertal girls. Possible nonspecific vaginitis (odor only) was found in only 1/23 (4%) of nonabused children. This girl was asymptomatic and findings from her examination were normal. Only one of the 31 abused children had possible nonspecific vaginitis (odor) detected at the initial examination, less than 48 hours after the episode of abuse, whereas 4/31 (13%) developed definite, and 4/31 (13%) possible nonspecific vaginitis at the follow-up visit more than seven days after the episode of abuse or rape. Five of these eight girls developed either a new vaginal discharge or dysuria; three were treated with metronidazole with resolution of their symptoms and reversion of the vaginal wash to normal. These findings suggest that nonspecific vaginitis is uncommon in normal children and that it can be acquired after sexual abuse. Nonspecific vaginitis was the most frequent cause of vaginitis in the abused girls in this study. Examination of a vaginal wash for clue cells and odor should be part of the evaluation of sexually abused girls who develop vulvovaginal symptoms.
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Mubassara, Leuza, Muhammad Ibrahim Ibne Towhid, Sarmin Sultana, Asibul Islam Anik, Marium Salwa, Md Maruf Haque Khan, and M. Atiqul Haque. "Cyber Child Abuse in Bangladesh: A Rural Population-Based Study." World Journal of Social Science 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v8n1p104.
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Background: Cyber abuse has become common among children worldwide; however, it is yet to receive attention in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cyber child abuse in the context of Bangladesh. Methods: This population-based study was conducted on 460 children aged between 11 to 17 years recruited from a selected rural area of Bangladesh by simple random sampling. A cyber abuse scale was developed to measure the prevalence of cyber child abuse. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Results: Around 33 percent of children were internet users. The prevalence of at least one, two, and three form(s) of cyber abuses was 59 percent, 38 percent, and 26 percent, respectively, among the internet users. The commonly reported abuses were being subjected to bullying, mockery, rumor, or humiliation (36%), contacted anonymously with ill motive (29%), receiving sexually explicit message or comment (21%), and receiving sexually explicit picture or video (17%). Male children were victimized more by different forms of cyber abuse. Logistic regression analysis showed that children whose internet using periods are more and who have higher knowledge about cyber abuse are more likely to be victimized with cyber abuse. Conclusion: Cyber child abuse is a prevalent yet less explored public health threat in Bangladesh. Raising awareness against cyber abuse, educating children on prevention strategies, and imposing strict laws might help Bangladesh line up with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child that the country signed in 1990.
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Jin, Yo-Ting, Chin-Mi Chen, Yao-Ching Huang, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chien-An Sun, Shi-Hao Huang, Wu-Chien Chien, and Gwo-Jang Wu. "Segregating Suspected Child Maltreatment from Non-Child Maltreatment Injuries: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084591.
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Objective: To identify the differential patient characteristics, injury types, and treatment outcomes between hospitalized child abuse and non-child abuse injuries in Taiwan. Methods: Using the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected a total of 1525 patients under the age of 18 that were diagnosed with child abuse, as well as an additional 6100 patients as a comparison group. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and independent samples t-test were used to compare the differences between the abused children and the non-abuse-related injured children. The multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to measure the risk factor of child maltreatment in injured children. Results: Intracranial injury was more frequent in the child abuse group than it was in the non-child abuse group (35.0% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001). Children in the child abuse group tended to stay longer in the hospital and incur higher medical expenses (8.91 days vs. 4.41 days and USD 2564 vs. USD 880, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (Adjusted OR) of abuse resulting in an injury for children in low-income families is 1.965 times higher than those in non-low-income families (p < 0.001). Children living in high urbanization areas had a significantly higher probability of being abused than those living in low urbanization areas (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Children under the age of 1 who were hospitalized with severe intracranial injuries are highly at risk for child maltreatment. Moreover, numerous high-risk environmental factors were observed in child abuse cases, including living in urban areas, families with low income, and seasonality, as child maltreatment cases occur more frequently in autumn.
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Bah, Yahya Muhammed. "Drug abuse among street children." COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education 4, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23916/0020190416610.
Full textAbstract:
In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analysed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it is mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behaviour, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behaviour including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
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Bah, Yahya Muhammed. "Drug Abuse among Street Children." Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention 3, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 12–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-18-2291.
Full textAbstract:
In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there are some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analyzed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it are mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, desire to be trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behavior, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behavior including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
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Goddard, Chris. "Continuing to Abuse Children for a Living: Protecting children from abuse by professionals: Part Two." Children Australia 18, no. 4 (1993): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003722.
Full textAbstract:
In the last edition of Children Australia [18(3)], I started an interview with a woman who came to see me several years ago claiming that her child was both sexually and physically abused by his teacher. At considerable cost to herself and her family, she has refused to ignore the abuse her child suffered and the lack of action by the authorities.PART TWO of the interview commences with discussing her son's disclosure.
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Shaikh, Sabana, and Rubena Ali Malik. "Safeguarding children." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738021995851.
Full textAbstract:
It is the duty of every healthcare professional to ensure they prioritise the welfare of a child by protecting them from physical or psychological harm. Forms of child abuse include physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. A child subjected to emotional abuse or neglect can present with ambiguous symptoms, making the abuse difficult to detect. Safeguarding concerns must be acted upon according to local procedures, guided by the child safeguarding lead and the practice safeguarding policy. Safeguarding multidisciplinary meetings can be an effective way of communicating with various professionals involved with the family.
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Serah, Abijo Temitayo, Huzili Hussein, and Hanif Suhairi. "Antecedents of Children of Alcohol Abused Parents: Grounded Theory Analysis." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 11, no. 3 (July 6, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v11.n3.p1.
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<p>This research endeavored to fill the knowledge gap in children of alcohol abuse parents by uncovering one of the five fundamental themes of children of alcohol abuse parent, that is, the antecedents that add to the working hypothesis or paradigm model of the phenomenon. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 children and seven parents who were recruited through Alcohol Abuse and Family Support Agency. A Grounded Theory approach was adopted to analyze the transcribed interview data. Nvivo 10 software was used in analyzing the data by methodologically coding and categorizing the data in open, axial and selective coding. Five major themes emerged from the analysis, which is referred to as antecedents of parents’ alcohol abuse phenomenon, Description of alcohol abuse phenomenon, Contexts and prevailing conditions affecting alcohol abuse, coping strategies and consequences of alcohol abuse on children. Based on this, the study was set out to construct a grounded theory of the phenomena of children in the alcohol abused families in Nigeria rooted in the description of their own comprehensive experience. This study is planned to benefit all parties: parents, teachers, counselors and other stakeholders to minimize the effect of parent alcohol abuse on children.</p>
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Zainudin, Nurul Farhana Binti, and Zakiah Binti Mohamad Ashari. "A Meta-Analysis: The Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Towards Children." Asian Social Science 14, no. 11 (October 22, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n11p69.
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Recently, cases of sexual abuse against children became a phenomena and it is a traumatic events that give a deep impact towards the victim. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a meta- analysis on a published researched about effects of child sexual abuse towards children. There were 20 journal articles collected from Science Direct, SpringerLink, Willey Online Library and Web of Science databases with the keywords ‘child sexual abused’ ‘behavior’, ‘emotional’, ‘social’ and ‘academic’ being used. The year of papers selected were from 2010 until 2017. The researcher differentiated and analyzed the effect of child sexual abuse toward four themes: internalizing and externalizing behavior, emotional regulation, suicidal behavior and academic achievement and performance. The findings from this study shown that child with previous experiences as victims in child abuse display internalizing and externalizing behavior and poor on academic achievement and performance. The findings also shown that the sexually abused children especially girls has low emotional regulation and the victims also had suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt. The implication from this study was to provide the insight for future researchers on the effects of child sexual abuse in behavior, emotional, social and academic aspects. Since this study only focused on the effect of sexual abuse towards children, it was suggested that for future researches, the effects of sexual abuse towards different range of age such as adult with history of sexual abused should be further investigated and more effects apart from behavioral, emotional, social and academic should be considered.
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Cameron, Paul. "Child Molestations by Homosexual Foster Parents: Illinois, 1997–2002." Psychological Reports 96, no. 1 (February 2005): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.1.227-230.
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Do those who engage in homosexuality disproportionately sexually abuse foster or adoptive children as reported by child protective services? Illinois child services reported sexual abuse for 1997 through 2002. 270 parents committed “substantiated” sexual offenses against foster or subsidized adoptive children: 67 (69%) of 97 of these mother and 148 (86%) of 173 of these father perpetrators sexually abused girls; 30 (31%) of the mothers and 25 (14%) of the father perpetrators sexually abused boys, i.e., 92 (34%) of the perpetrators homosexually abused their charges. Of these parents 15 both physically and sexually abused charges: daughters by 8 of the mothers and 4 of the fathers, sons by 3 of the mothers, i.e., same-sex perpetrators were involved in 53%. Thus, homosexual practitioners were proportionately more apt to abuse foster or adoptive children sexually.
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Kotb, Fatma N., and Sanaa M. Ahmed. "Child Abuse and Aggressive Behavior among Primary School Children." Evidence-Based Nursing Research 1, no. 3 (August 21, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i3.63.
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Context: Child abuse considered all forms of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse identified to threaten development, health, dignity, or even survival. Many abused children have ongoing troubles with relationships, trust in others, difficulties at school, and exhibiting aggressive behavior or act nasty towards other children and animals.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between child abuse and aggressive behavior among primary school children. Subjects and methods: A descriptive correlational research design utilized to achieve the aim of this study. This research carried out in four schools from an urban and rural area in Minia city. A stratified sample of 150 children in grade six in primary school recruited in the current study. Three tools used to collect data of this study include the Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Child Abuse Scale, and Children Aggressive Behavior Scale.
Results: The current study revealed that about two-thirds of the sample was girls 65.3%, and more than half of them had high levels of child abuse, and aggression at 63.3% & 58.7% respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between child abuse and aggression among primary school children.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that primary school children have a positive connection between child abuse and their aggressive behavior. The study recommended that a counseling program for parent and teachers about the negative impact of child abuse and how to deal effectively with child aggression. Teaching parenting strategies such as alternatives to physical punishment is essential in reducing the recurrence of physical abuse, and that this may enhance parental self-management.
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Hall, Sioux. ""It's Going to Stop in This Generation": Women with a History of Child Abuse Resolving to Raise Their Children Without Abuse." Harvard Educational Review 81, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): 24–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.81.1.m8202r3804uvmv68.
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In this article, Sioux Hall promotes using a strengths-based approach to examine the interruption of the intergenerational cycle of child abuse and explores the strategies that women who were abused by a parent as children used to raise their children without abuse. She documents the mothers' uses of strategies such as vowing to protect and support their children, reconciling their abuse histories, and developing flexible, eclectic parenting methods. She discusses therapeutic and programmatic implications suggested by this research in the hope that this approach will create a shift in thinking among child protection professionals and educators toward a strengths-based perspective. Hall challenges readers to listen to the voices and consider the experiences of the ex-abused in order to reexamine the research, theory, and practice of prevention and treatment of child abuse.
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Ionio, Chiara, and Manuela Sberna. "Il disegno della famiglia in bambini italiani e tailandesi vittime di abuso sessuale: uno studio esplorativo." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 3 (September 2009): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-003012.
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- The family drawing test is currently considered by many authors a useful tool in identifying the overall quality of family relationships in cases of sexual abuse. It was conducted a pilot study with the aim of highlight the role played by both environmental and innate features of graphic representations of sexually abused children. This study compared family drawing tests made by Italian (N = 24) and Thailand (N = 17) children victims of sexual abuse, aged between 6 and 13 years. Our data highlight that the Family drawing test can be considered, a useful tool to analyze cognitive, affective and emotional health of the child, in both cultural contexts examined. This research also shown that the test can be used as a mean of detecting the child's own perception of his family and his social background.Key-words: family drawing test, sexual abuse, cultural differences, graphic-formal sign, content sign.Parole chiave: disegno della famiglia, abuso sessuale, differenze culturali, indicatori grafico- formali, indicatori di contenuto
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Àlape zuluaga, Caroly julieth, José jaime Castaño castrillón, Luisa maría Castaño quintero, Edgar francisco Cely enciso, Jhonatan Marín enao, and David gildardo Ocampo arcía. "Abuso sexual y factores asociados en población escolarizada perteneciente a una institución educativa de la ciudad de Manizales, Caldas (Colombia), 2012./Sexual abuse and associated factors in school population belonging to an educational institution of." Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) 13, no. 1 (April 9, 2013): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30554/archmed.13.1.12.2013.
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Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de abuso sexual en estudiantes de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Manizales, Caldas, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en una institución de educación de Manizales. La población de estudiantes de secundaria fue de 614, de los cuales se tomó una muestra de 150 (96%mujeres); con edad promedio de 12,84 años. Se tomaron variables demográficas, vulnerabilidad, y abuso sexual según cuestionarios empleados en estudios anteriores. Resultados: El 20% de la población ha sufrido algún incidente de abuso sexual, 33,3% en hombres (n=6), 19,4% (n=150) en mujeres. El abuso sexual no presentó diferencias significativas entre género, ni estrato social, globalmente el abuso no dependió de la edad, aunque algunos incidentes de abuso sí. La vulnerabilidad promedio fue de 9,64%, conocimientos abuso sexual 68,97% (máximo 100 para ambos). Entre los abusados el 47,6% lo fue una vez, por primera vez entre 12 y 14 años de edad con 27,3%, la última vez que les sucedió fue de 12 a 14 años, en el 27,3% de los casos, el 18,2% sigue siendo víctima de abuso, en el 47,5% de los casos el abusador fue un conocido. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio indican que la violencia sexual sigue siendo un problema grave de salud pública, que las campañas de prevención parecen no haber tenido éxito, siendo necesario rediseñarlas, y dirigirlas a los núcleos familiares causantes de la violencia sexual en particular y la violencia en general. Objective: To identify the frequency of sexual abuse in students of an educationalinstitution from the city of Manizales, Caldas, Colombia. Materials and methods: Thecurrent cross-sectional study, was executed in an educational institution of Manizales.The secondary student population was 614 students, from which a sample was takenfrom 150 students, of whom 96% are women; mean age 12,84 years. Demographicvariables, vulnerability and sexual abuse were taken according to questionnaires usedin previous studies. Results: 20% of the population have undergone some incident ofsexual abuse, 33% in men and 19,4% in women. There was no significant differencebetween strata. Overall, the abuse did not depend on the age, even though somecoincident ones of abuse yes. The vulnerability average was of 9,64, sexual abuseknowledge 68,97 (maximum 100 for both). Among the abused, the 47,6% it was itonce. Abused children for the first time were between 12 and 14 years old with 27,3%,and the last time that an abuse happened with a percentage of 27,3% between agesof 12 and 14. The 18,2% continue being victims of sexual abuse, and the 31,8% ofthe cases the abuser was a stranger. Conclusion: The sexual violence is a seriousproblem of public health that it requires a public awareness through public service’sannouncements, posters and brochures in spanish that promote a healthy and responsiblechild care; furthermore is important to provide to the community informationabout child security and how to denounce the abuse of minors.
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Beeble, Marisa L., Deborah Bybee, and Cris M. Sullivan. "Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners." European Psychologist 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54.
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While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.
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Kemp, Alison Mary, Sabine Ann Maguire, Dianne E. Nuttall, Peter Collins, Frank D. Dunstan, and Daniel Farewell. "Can TEN4 distinguish bruises from abuse, inherited bleeding disorders or accidents?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 8 (February 18, 2021): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320491.
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ObjectiveDoes TEN4 categorisation of bruises to the torso, ear or neck or any bruise in <4-month-old children differentiate between abuse, accidents or inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs)?DesignProspective comparative longitudinal study.SettingCommunity.PatientsChildren <6 years old.InterventionsThe number and location of bruises compared for 2568 data collections from 328 children in the community, 1301 from 106 children with IBD and 342 abuse cases.Main outcome measuresLikelihood ratios (LRs) for the number of bruises within the TEN and non-TEN locations for pre-mobile and mobile children: abuse vs accidental injury, IBD vs accident, abuse vs IBD.ResultsAny bruise in a pre-mobile child was more likely to be from abuse/IBD than accident. The more bruises a pre-mobile child had, the higher the LR for abuse/IBD vs accident. A single bruise in a TEN location in mobile children was not supportive of abuse/IBD. For mobile children with more than one bruise, including at least one in TEN locations, the LR favouring abuse/IBD increased. Applying TEN4 to collections from abused and accidental group <48 months of age with at least one bruise gave estimated sensitivity of 69% and specificity for abuse of 74%.ConclusionsThese data support further child protection investigations of a positive TEN4 screen in any pre-mobile children with a bruise and in mobile children with more than one bruise. TEN4 did not discriminate between IBD and abuse, thus IBD needs to be excluded in these children. Estimated sensitivity and specificity of TEN4 was appreciably lower than previously reported.
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Fox, Lynn, Steven H. Long, and Aimée Langlois. "Patterns of Language Comprehension Deficit in Abused and Neglected Children." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 53, no. 3 (August 1988): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5303.239.
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The similarity between factors associated with child abuse/neglect and those associated with language disability suggests that maltreated children are a population at risk for language problems. This study investigated the performance of three groups of abused/neglected children and a matched group of nonmaltreated subjects on three tests of language comprehension. Results revealed significant differences among groups for all measures. Severely neglected children obtained the lowest scores on all tests; the abused children consistently obtained lower scores than the controls; and generally neglected children showed the smallest difference in performance from the control group. These findings suggest a model for understanding relationships between abuse/neglect and language disability
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Glaser, Danya. "Conflicts in the investigation and treatment of sexually abused children." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 4, no. 2 (March 1998): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.4.2.89.
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This paper examines the complex relationship between the process of investigation and the provision of treatment in cases of child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is now a well-recognised and documented phenomenon, the deleterious sequelae of which have been studied, initially in survivors presenting in adulthood (Wyatt & Powell, 1989) and (more recently) during childhood (Briere, 1992; Kendall-Tackett et al, 1993). Following the recognition of sexual abuse from the accounts of adult survivors, and in order to reduce the harm caused to sexually abused children by providing earlier protection and treatment, attention began to be directed to the earlier recognition of child sexual abuse, during childhood.
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Hibbard, Roberta A., Klaus Roghmann, and Robert A. Hoekelman. "Genitalia in Children's Drawings: An Association With Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.1.129.
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Many sexual abuse victims have been observed to draw genitalia on human figures. To test the hypothesis that sexually abused children draw genitalia on human figures more often than do nonabused children, drawings from 57 children, 3 through 7 years of age, who were referred to child protective services as alleged sexual abuse victims, were compared with drawings from an age-, sex-, race-, and socioeconomically matched group of 55 nonabused children receiving well-child care in medical settings. A standardized procedure to obtain drawings was followed by a structured interview to collect demographic, past medical, and developmental information. Five evaluators unaware of the children's backgrounds independently examined drawings for the presence or absence of five body parts; there was 94% agreement for all body parts and 93% agreement for genitalia. Eight children were excluded from the analysis because they only scribbled (n = 5) or because evaluators could not agree on whether genitalia were present in their drawings (n = 3). Ten percent (5/52) of the alleged sexual abuse victims and 2% (1/52) of the comparison children drew genitalia (P = .10, one-tailed Fisher exact test). The estimated relative risk was 5.4; that is, alleged sexual abuse victims were 5.4 times more likely to draw genitalia than were comparison children. Children known to have been sexually abused were 6.8 times more likely to draw genitalia than were comparison children (P = .07, one-tailed Fisher exact test). It must be cautioned that, although the presence of genitalia in a child's drawing should alert one to consider the possibility of sexual abuse, it does not prove it, just as the absence of genitalia does not exclude abuse. The drawing of genitalia should sensitize providers and influence the effort directed toward exploring the possibility of sexual abuse.
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Stark, Evan, and Anne H. Flitcraft. "Women and Children at Risk: A Feminist Perspective on Child Abuse." International Journal of Health Services 18, no. 1 (January 1988): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3k8f-kdwd-qyxk-2ax5.
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Viewing child abuse through the prism of woman battering reveals that both problems originate in conflicts over gender identity and male authority. Data indicate that men, not women, typically commit serious child abuse. A study of the mothers of child abuse victims shows that battering is the most common context for child abuse, that the battering male is the typical child abuser, that the battered mothers have no distinctive pathology in their backgrounds, and that clinicians respond punitively to the battered mothers. The child abuse establishment assigns responsibility for abuse to mothers regardless of who assaults the child, and responds punitively to women, withholding vital resources and often removing the child to foster care, if women are battered or otherwise fail to meet expectations of “good mothering.” The combination of male control, misleading psychological knowledge about women's propensity for “bonding,” and sanctions used to enforce gender stereotypes of motherhood combine to increase the entrapment and inequality from which battering and child abuse originate, a process termed “patriarchal mothering.” The best way to prevent child abuse is through “female empowerment.”
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SALZINGER, SUZANNE, RICHARD S. FELDMAN, DAISY S. NG-MAK, ELENA MOJICA, and TANYA F. STOCKHAMMER. "The effect of physical abuse on children's social and affective status: A model of cognitive and behavioral processes explaining the association." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 4 (December 2001): 805–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401004047.
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This study proposes a model explaining the association between physical abuse of children and children's social and affective status as one in which children's social expectations and behavior, developed within the context of abusive parenting, mediate current functioning in these two outcome domains. Subjects included one hundred 9 to 12-year-old physically abused children recruited from consecutive entries onto the New York State Register for Child Abuse for New York City and 100 case-matched classmate nonabused comparison children. Sociometric assessments were carried out in classrooms, interviews were conducted with the children and their parents, and teachers, parents, and classmates rated the children's behavior. Path analysis was utilized to test the conceptually derived models. Children's social expectations regarding peers, and two social behaviors—aggressive behavior and prosocial behavior—were found to mediate between abuse and positive and negative social status, as well as between abuse and positive and negative reciprocity. Social expectations and withdrawn behavior mediated between abuse and positive social status, but only where withdrawn behavior was a function of social expectations. Social expectations were generally found to mediate between abuse and internalizing problems. Negative social status (peer rejection) added to social expectations in producing internalizing problems. Identification of these mediating pathways can serve to guide secondary preventive intervention efforts so that they best address the problems abused children face in the absence of adequate parental and peer support as the children enter adolescence.
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Goddard, Chris. "The abuse of children continues: Protecting children from abuse by professionals, Part Four." Children Australia 19, no. 2 (1994): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003977.
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The recent articles (Goddard 1993a; 1993b; 1994), describing in some detail the battle of the woman who refused to ignore the abuse of her child by a school teacher, have provoked a number of telephone calls and letters. A number of people have praised the tenacity and courage of the mother in continuing to battle against the bureaucracy.One mother has given permission to publish her story of similar experiences in attempting to get the bureaucracy to pay attention to the rights of children to protection. It is of great concern to me that, six years after first writing about this (Goddard 1988), the responses of organisations do not appear to have greatly changed.Where a staff member is accused of abusing a child, the organisations still appear to be more concerned with protecting themselves rather than protecting the vulnerable children (Hechler 1988).I would like to take this opportunity to repeat the questions I asked last year: Why are parents, who do know or suspect that their children are being abused, treated so badly when they attempt to report?Why do services appear to be concerned with protecting the perpetrator rather than protecting the child?Why do such cases so often deteriorate into direct personal attacks on the parents (or professionals) who are trying to stop the abuse?(Goddard 1993a:41)
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Wongcharoenwatana, Jidapa, Jariya Tarugsa, Kamolporn Kaewpornsawan, Perajit Eamsobhana, Chatupon Chotigavanichaya, and Thanase Ariyawatkul. "Identifying children at high risk for recurrence child abuse." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 230949902199641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499021996411.
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Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of abused children, families and abusive event and to identify risk factors associated with recurrence of child abuse. Methods: Retrospective data from 133 children aged between 2 months to 15 years old who were diagnosed as abuse between year 2002 and 2017. Thirteen items related to characteristics of the child, families, abusive event were selected. These factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model for association with repeated child abuse. Results: Total of 133 subjects with average age of 5.25 ± 4.65 years old. There were 54 cases (40.60%) reported of repeated abuse. Majority of repeated abuse type in this study was physical abuse (73.68%). Most perpetrators were child’s own parents (45.10%). Factors associated with increased risk of repeated abuse were child age 1–5 years old (AOR = 4.95/95%CI = 1.06–23.05), 6–10 years old (AOR = 6.80/95%CI = 1.22–37.91) and perpetrator was child’s own parent (AOR = 21.34/95%CI = 3.51–129.72). Three cases of mortality were found with single-visit children and one case in recurrence. Most of death cases were children less than 1-year-old with average age of 7 months. Causes of death were subdural hematoma with skull and ribs fracture. Conclusions: Identifying risk factors for repeated child abuse help in recognizing child at risk to provide prompt intervention. This study found two factors associated with higher risk of abuse recurrence: child age 1–10 years old and abusive parents. Children who presented with these risk factors should be recognized and intensively monitored.