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1
Hollingsworth, K. L. "The rights and responsibilities of children in youth crime." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604172.
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This dissertation examines children’s rights and responsibilities in the area of youth crime within the context of the domestic incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights and the increasing emphasis within Government policy of the need to hold children responsible for their offending behaviour. The mechanisms for securing the responsibility of children within youth crime have widened since the Labour Party was elected to government in 1997, prompting two questions. Firstly, has the increased responsibilisation of children been met by an increased protection of their human rights? Secondly, does an emphasis on responsibility detract from the child’s needs, vulnerabilities and limited competence? It is argued that, in contrast to the child in the family law context, the child in the criminal law holds a dual status: he is both offender and child. This dual status affects the type of rights available to the child, and the way in which those rights are protected. In particular, it is noted that the child’s status varies at different stages of the youth justice process, and that in turn, there is a variation in the type of rights being protected. Specifically, children’s rights theory is drawn on to distinguish the types of rights the child has: rights qua child (clustered around ideas of welfare and care and protection); and rights qua person (shared in common with adults and which are based on notions of autonomy). A broadly sequential approach is taken: first, the pre-crime context and the use of preventative orders is examined, followed by a consideration of the pre-court stage of police investigation and the diversion of young people away from the criminal courts, then the rights of the child in court are explored, and finally attention turns to the sentencing framework.
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Young, Lap-ping John. "Using cultural perspective to study teenage computer crime." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979415.
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Loach, Loretta. "Children, childhood and murder : a history of an exceptional crime." Thesis, Kingston University, 2004. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20740/.
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This thesis is concerned with the way in which child murderers have been viewed in the past. Not the killing of children by adults, but the more unusual occurrence of children killing other children. Focusing on the earliest recorded cases in medieval society, up to and including Mary Bell, it will be argued that English societies of the past were as much preoccupied as the contemporary world with the vexing issue of where childhood ended and adulthood began. The genesis of a child's status in law evolved, in part, through connection with these crimes. The religious source of a child's moral discernment was formative in early legal discussions on the age of criminal responsibility. The state of a child's soul was relevant to the judgements that could be made of him, not only in a narrow legal sense, but also in wider cultural ways. In the eighteenth century, the opinion individuals and communities held about child killers were inseparable from the sensibilities of that period and the conflicting imperatives of mercy and retribution. The perceived content of a child's moral knowledge changed in line with shifting debates about childhood. The ideas of Rationalism and Romanticism were placed under considerable tension when viewed through the example of the child killer. In the first half of the nineteenth century, discussion on criminals, especially murdering children, became in effect, a commentary on different political visions of humankind. In later scientific narratives of morality, the example of child killers furnished medical categories of mental disease. The issue of moral responsibility in law was increasingly challenged by the developing psychology of human behaviour. Freud's innovative understandings of childhood raised the problem of how to attribute guilt to developing capacities. Later clinicians used his legacy in their attempts to make sense of the disturbed child, and late twentieth century examples of child murder reveal the fragility of these understandings. The contention is that children who commit these crimes become the repository of projected adult anxieties about childhood. Furthermore, such crimes, by virtue of their exceptional nature, lead to political and moral judgements whose origins can be seen in the fundamental moral ideas of the past.
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楊立平 and Lap-ping John Young. "Using cultural perspective to study teenage computer crime." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979415.
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Manj, Jindy. "Crime prevention for primary school aged children, towards a strategy for Nanaimo." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28442.pdf.
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Henson, Melissa. "Issues of Crime and School Safety: Zero Tolerance Policies and Children with Disabilities." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5297.
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In the aftermath of school shootings, safety in educational institutions became a national concern. The Zero Tolerance policy was designed to remove students who posed serious and or imminent threat to the school environment. It was hoped that the institution of this policy would allow schools to better police student behaviors through the use of tough disciplinary actions, and to ensure a safer learning environment for all. However, one of the latent consequences of establishing a broad set of directives was to result in the differential treatment of some minority groups such as special education students. To date, there exists little research that tests the efficacy of the zero tolerance approach in reducing school violence or its effect upon special education students who exhibit unique and separate characteristics from the general student body. Some of the behaviors that are beyond their control can impede their learning, but are even more often seen as falling under the guidelines of the zero tolerance policy, which in turn subjects this group to a number of disciplinary actions previously not utilized to address their specific needs. To address the potential impact this policy has on students with learning and emotional behavioral disorders this study analyzes data from a sample comprising of 2,736 total schools, reported over 4 different time periods, 1999-2008 originally collected by the School Survey on Crime and Safety. This study examines the relationship between various school characteristics, the proportion of special education students in a school, and the use of the disciplinary actions as a means of controlling behaviors that could be undesired but may not pose a serious threat to the educational institution. The results indicate that presence of students identified as “special education students” was strongly related to the number of disruptive behaviors reported. The increased frequency of those reported behaviors was also found to be significantly related to the use of suspension and expulsions as disciplinary actions in a school. Further multiple regression analysis yielded data demonstrating the nature of the relationships between the presence of special education students in a school, the frequency of disruptive behaviors reported, and the increased use of disciplinary actions.ID: 031001274; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Ida Cook.; Title from PDF title page (viewed February 22, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-76).
M.A.
Masters
Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology; Domestic Violence
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Serra, Sonia de Alencar. "The media, the international public sphere and the killing of street children in Brazil." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391716.
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Burdette, Hillary L. "Neighborhood playgrounds, fast food restaurants, and crime relationships to obesity in low-income preschool children /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1046381248.
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BURDETTE, HILLARY LOUELLA. "NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUNDS, FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS, AND CRIME: RELATIONSHIPS TO OBESITY IN LOW-INCOME PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1046381248.
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McFarren, Matthew Alan. "The Relationship between Involvement, Strain, and the Criminality of Fathers of At-Risk Children." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31548.
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Robert Agnew proposed a new version of strain theory in 1992. In this article, Agnew argued that strain is not only a result of the blocked opportunity to achieve goals as Merton had argued, but that strain also results from the removal of positively valued stimuli and the presence of negative stimuli. With such a theory, criminologist had focused on how this may explain juvenile delinquency. Yet very little attention was given to how this may affect adult criminality as well. Similarly, Hirschi (1969) presented social control theory as a means of describing the causes of juvenile delinquency. While these theories have been repeatedly tested and supported with respect to delinquency, they have rarely been used to describe adult criminality. This paper intends to compare the utility of Agnewâ s general strain theory and Hirschiâ s control theory in explaining the criminal behavior of fathers. For general strain theory, it is predicted that fathers who have either high contact and low relationship quality or who have low contact and high relationship quality will have significantly higher criminal activity than those who have high contact and relationship quality or low contact and relationship quality. Conversely, social control theory predicts that fathers who have low relationship qualities with their children are more likely to commit criminal acts. This paper aims to ascertain which of these hypotheses is more accurate.Master of Science
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Cunningham, Phillippe Belton. "Impact of community violence on African-American children and adolescents in a high violent crime neighborhood." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39542.
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This project examined psychosocial functioning associated with exposure to a chronic stressor, namely, community violence among randomly selected 8 to 17 year old African-American children and adolescents residing in a relatively high violent crime neighborhood. A structured psychiatric interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised, and self-report measures including Sexual Abuse Fear Evaluation, Horowitz Impact of Events Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory were administered. Consistent with previous findings, the results indicate that inner-city African-American children are exposed to a considerable amount of community violence. As predicted, high levels of exposure to community violence was significantly associated with various measures of psychological distress, particularly with externalizing symptomatology. Additionally, regression analyses revealed that exposure to community violence added significant variance above and beyond that contributed by pertinent demographic characteristics. Partial support was found for the hypotheses that number and quality of social supports as well as self-perceived competence (self-esteem) across various domains moderated the relationship between exposure to community violence and psychological distress. Discussion of the relatively low levels of PTSD, fear, and depression are discussed in terms of sample characteristics and cross-cultural relevance of current diagnostic nosology, as well as, instruments measuring psychological distress. Findings are also discussed within the context of the Conservation of Resources Model of stress.Ph. D.
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Lewis, Alexandra. "Violent crime and fragility : a study on violent offending among children and young people in Yemen." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3959/.
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This thesis examines the relationship between violent young offending that has no clear political motive and state fragility. It does so by conducting an in-depth evaluation of crime, underdevelopment and crime control systems in Yemen, using existing theories of criminology and international development to suggest new ways of understanding and responding to violent criminal behaviour in that country and elsewhere. While one of the stated goals of this thesis is to generate new theoretical understandings of criminal violence in Yemen, its main contribution to knowledge is that it brings criminological theory into the discourse on international socio-economic underdevelopment in order to open up a new conduit for the academic analysis of fragility. In so doing, it merges criminological theory with the study of international development and state fragility, where the two academic disciplines have previously remained quite separate. The above aims are achieved through an extensive study of the Yemeni development context, based upon a combination of field research interviews conducted with prominent stakeholders in Yemen, distance research by phone and online conducted with Yemeni stakeholders, and expert consultations conducted with important analysts working either on Yemen directly or more broadly in the area of security and justice reform. The research itself, meanwhile, also provides a detailed overview of relevant theory and literature on criminology, justice reform and state fragility, while being supported by Yemeni criminal justice statistics. In light of the theoretical emphasis of this investigation, the findings of this thesis are suggestive rather than empirical. The author argues that the absence of state services, legitimate opportunities and socialising activities for young people, along with their exposure to significant levels of violence, produces extreme economic, psychological and socio-cultural stresses that lead to their increased aggression and rejection of state legitimacy, all of which combine to raise the likelihood of violent young offending in Yemen. It is argued that these trends yield a coherent analytical framework with relevant lessons for other fragile states, notwithstanding that Yemen's cultural specificities and tribal communities have produced unique influences that distinguish it from other fragile settings.
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Silva, Eliana Borges Gonçalves Rodrigues da [UNESP]. "Análise da efetividade das intervenções a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual intrafamiliar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97563.
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silva_ebgr_me_assis.pdf: 428971 bytes, checksum: 7aeced867f288cc1a4f5d11842ebbd28 (MD5)Esta pesquisa perpassa os campos de conhecimento do serviço social, política e gestão pública, direito e psicologia. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a efetividade da rede de proteção a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual intrafamiliar, especificamente, o impacto das intervenções de um Serviço de Enfrentamento à Violência, Abuso e Exploração Sexual. Este serviço, respalda-se no ECA e faz parte da política pública destinada à criança e adolescente vítimas de violência sexual e recebe recursos financeiros do governo federal e municipal. Tem como objetivo atender crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual e suas famílias, sob o paradigma da proteção integral, garantindo-lhes o cuidado psicossocial, a promoção, defesa e garantia dos direitos. Foram construídos cinco indicadores de resolutividade das situações de violência que nortearam a coleta de dados e análise dos resultados. Nos Conselhos Tutelares da cidade pesquisada foram identificados 147 (cento e quarenta) casos denunciados de violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes no período de 01/08/2008 a 30/06/2009 e passou-se então, a monitorá-los e pesquisar as intervenções da rede protetiva de atendimento até janeiro/2010. Baseada nos procedimentos da avaliação por triangulação de métodos e do marco lógico selecionou-se 10 (dez) casos para aplicação de testes e escalas aos sujeitos para análise do impacto das intervenções e entrevistou-se os profissionais envolvidos nas intervenções. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de adequações na implementação desta política pública e reformulação nas metodologias de intervenção e exercício das práticas intersetoriais
This research encompasses the fields of knowledge of social service, politics and public administration, law and psychology. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the safety net for children and adolescents victims of sexual violence within the family, specifically the impact of interventions of a Service for Combating Violence, Abuse and Sexual Exploitation. This service draws upon the ECA and is part of public policy for the child and adolescent victims of sexual violence and receives funding from the federal and municipal government. It aims to assist children and adolescents victims of sexual violence and their families, under the paradigm of full protection, guaranteeing them the psychosocial care, promotion, protection and guarantee of rights. Were constructed five indicators of situations of violence that guided the data collection and analysis of results. In the Child Protection Council in the city surveyed were identified 147 (one hundred and forty) reported cases of sexual violence within the family against children and adolescents in the period from 01/08/2008 to 30/06/2009. It started then the monitoring of these cases and the search for the operations of the network of protective care until January/2010. Based on the evaluation procedures by triangulation methods and log frame, were selected ten (10) cases for application testing and scales to the subjects for analysis of the impact of interventions and were interviewed professionals involved in interventions. The survey results point to the need for adjustments in the implementation of public policy and recast of the procedures for intervention and exercise of practices within sectors
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Yip, King-sum. "Victims of childhood sexual abuse and later criminal consequences." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22030578.
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Silva, Eliana Borges Gonçalves Rodrigues da. "Análise da efetividade das intervenções a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual intrafamiliar /." Assis : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97563.
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Orientador: José Sterza JustoBanca: Renata Maria Coimbra Libório
Banca: Maria de Fátima Araújo
Resumo: Esta pesquisa perpassa os campos de conhecimento do serviço social, política e gestão pública, direito e psicologia. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a efetividade da rede de proteção a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual intrafamiliar, especificamente, o impacto das intervenções de um Serviço de Enfrentamento à Violência, Abuso e Exploração Sexual. Este serviço, respalda-se no ECA e faz parte da política pública destinada à criança e adolescente vítimas de violência sexual e recebe recursos financeiros do governo federal e municipal. Tem como objetivo atender crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual e suas famílias, sob o paradigma da proteção integral, garantindo-lhes o cuidado psicossocial, a promoção, defesa e garantia dos direitos. Foram construídos cinco indicadores de resolutividade das situações de violência que nortearam a coleta de dados e análise dos resultados. Nos Conselhos Tutelares da cidade pesquisada foram identificados 147 (cento e quarenta) casos denunciados de violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes no período de 01/08/2008 a 30/06/2009 e passou-se então, a monitorá-los e pesquisar as intervenções da rede protetiva de atendimento até janeiro/2010. Baseada nos procedimentos da avaliação por triangulação de métodos e do marco lógico selecionou-se 10 (dez) casos para aplicação de testes e escalas aos sujeitos para análise do impacto das intervenções e entrevistou-se os profissionais envolvidos nas intervenções. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de adequações na implementação desta política pública e reformulação nas metodologias de intervenção e exercício das práticas intersetoriais
Abstract: This research encompasses the fields of knowledge of social service, politics and public administration, law and psychology. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the safety net for children and adolescents victims of sexual violence within the family, specifically the impact of interventions of a Service for Combating Violence, Abuse and Sexual Exploitation. This service draws upon the ECA and is part of public policy for the child and adolescent victims of sexual violence and receives funding from the federal and municipal government. It aims to assist children and adolescents victims of sexual violence and their families, under the paradigm of full protection, guaranteeing them the psychosocial care, promotion, protection and guarantee of rights. Were constructed five indicators of situations of violence that guided the data collection and analysis of results. In the Child Protection Council in the city surveyed were identified 147 (one hundred and forty) reported cases of sexual violence within the family against children and adolescents in the period from 01/08/2008 to 30/06/2009. It started then the monitoring of these cases and the search for the operations of the network of protective care until January/2010. Based on the evaluation procedures by triangulation methods and log frame, were selected ten (10) cases for application testing and scales to the subjects for analysis of the impact of interventions and were interviewed professionals involved in interventions. The survey results point to the need for adjustments in the implementation of public policy and recast of the procedures for intervention and exercise of practices within sectors
Mestre
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Bullock, Audrea Michelle. "CHILD TESTIMONY AND THE LEGAL DEFINITION OF CHILDHOOD IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1088608012.
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Clack, Maureen. "Returning to the scene of the crime the Brothers Grimm and the yearning for home /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080807.150418/index.html.
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Dillensnyder, Scott P. "Prevention and early intervention as a response to juvenile crime and violence a study of strategies and programs /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1998. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1998.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2938. Abstract appears on leaves 2-3. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
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Payne, Georgina. "After the panic : an investigation of the relationship between the reporting and remembering of child related crime." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16783.
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This thesis considers why some crimes persist beyond the moment of newsworthiness and how they are able to transcend this period of intense reporting to become a feature of popular memory. The central argument is that the popular memory of a crime is built up over time through a synthesis of public discourses, which are predominantly developed in news reporting, people s everyday experience and the normative social frameworks of everyday life. A temporally sensitive analysis of two case studies, the murder of James Bulger and the murder of Sarah Payne, tests this hypothesis by exploring the connections and disconnections between the ongoing reporting of these crimes and the remembering of them. The study finds that the personal past and public discourse intertwine in remembered accounts of these crimes and considers that this is evidence of the ways audiences utilise crime news as an imaginative resource for understanding crime and criminality more broadly. It can thus be said that audiences use the news to frame, but not define their understandings of the world around us.
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Van, Eeden Carina Regina. "An analysis of the legal response to children who commit serious crimes in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40607.
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South Africa’s first democratic elections in April 1994 led to the birth of a new political era which also brought constitutional guarantees for children in conflict with the law; one of the most important being section 28(1)(g) of the Constitution which provides that a child can only be detained as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time.
Despite this provision, past sentencing practice has shown an over-reliance on the use of custodial sentences. This could largely be attributed to the tug-of-war between the legislature and the courts about the applicability of the minimum sentencing legislation on children between the ages of sixteen and eighteen.
With the promulgation of the Child Justice Act, renewed emphasis has been placed on the desirability to keep children out of prison. To achieve this purpose, diversion of children is now a central feature of the child justice system. Should a matter however proceed to trial, the Act provides for a wide range of alternative sentencing options that can be imposed on children.
The purpose of this dissertation is to establish to what extent the courts make use of these alternatives to imprisonment, especially in cases where children committed very serious offences such as murder and rape. This dissertation concludes that, although alternative sentences are appropriate sentences for serious offences, courts still impose custodial sentences for these types of offences, and that the seriousness of the offence is the most important aggravating factor tipping the scale in favour of the imposition of custodial sentences.
The growing number of young people in already overcrowded South African prisons is a cause for concern, said the new Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula on Tuesday.
Mapisa-Nqakula, accompanied by her deputy, Hlengiwe Mkhize, was visiting the Boksburg Correctional Centre on their fourth leg of their regional visits to listen and familiarize themselves with correctional services.
She was shocked to find a number of young people, some aged 15, being held in the Boksburg prison for serious crimes.
Boksburg houses 554 juveniles, most of them serious offenders serving long sentences, including life terms.
Mapisa-Nqakula said she was becoming aware of the reality of a South African society that produced young people who commit serious crimes. […] Mapisa-Nqakula said the magnitude of the prisons problem was beyond correctional services. It required society to take responsibility for rehabilitation.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Procedural Law
unrestricted
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Kull, William Anthony. "Insulating effects of early childhood education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3064.
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The purpose of this study was to ascertain if formal early childhood education was related to the likelihood of later criminal activity. The secondary data analysis within this study did support inferences for four specific crime factors. This study found that preschool attendance lessened the incurrence of future criminal activity in crime categories of total numbers of damage offenses, total numbers of theft offenses, total numbers of damage alone offenses, and total numbers of injury and theft offenses.
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Redmond, Sean. "Examining the role of criminal networks in causing children to develop longer and more serious crime trajectories "Greentown" - a case study." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677452.
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A large body of research exists in relation to youth crime. However less is known about the contexts of children engaged in serious offending behaviour and participating in criminal networks. This study, adopting a case study design, examines the behaviour of a criminal network operating in Greentown in 2010-2011 . Greentown is a pseudonym for a Garda SUb-District in Ireland, located outside Dublin. A network map was constructed for the study by Garda analysts using police incident data to position individuals on the map who had been involved in either burglary or drugs for sale and supply in Greentown in 2010-2011. Importantly this map indicated relationships where two or more individuals were detected for the same offence. The map was used as a reference tool to interview Greentown Garda about the activities and contexts of the individuals identified. A technique called Battleships was designed to give the researcher access to case related data, producing authentic narrative, while protecting the identities of the individuals involved. The study finds that there was plausible evidence to suggest a network effect for certain children in Greentown in 2010-2011. The study also identifies potential applications for the methods used to progress further research in this area.
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Despres, Hillary B. "Three independent investigations on disclosure of childhood sexual abuse and psychological functioning, family and community violence, and trauma and non-sexual crime a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/1030.
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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-32, 54-62, 86-94).
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Gondim, Kilma Maisa de Lima. "A EXPLORAÇÃO SEXUAL DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: Uma abordagem sócio-jurídica na Comarca de Guarabira." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2006. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1985.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-10The present work had taken for study object the sexual exploration of children and adolescents in the judicial district of Guarabira, and also intended to stand out the importance of the civil society participation as a strong instrument for combating and supporting the victimized children, as well as emphasizing within an interdisciplinar perspective the legislation about the explored theme, discussing about both its rightnesss and mistakes in what concerns to the culprits punishment. It searches in the Brazilian Criminal Code and in the Statute of Child and Adolescent the incriminating articles, tracing as follows a historical, social and legal analysis. The research was carried through in the Tutorial Counseling of Guarabira. Through the collection of data in the victims attendance files, it has tried to show the historical context of the Statute of Child and Adolescent. It was evidenced that there used to be a not protective legislation of children and adolescents rights, which had evolved to the standard we have these days, also called integral protection. However, the SCA, which was born from intense social fights, many of them organized by civil society, still brings on its text discriminating and absolutely unpractical articles. Thus, it is necessary to rethink the exploration concepts to bring up to discussion new instruments which are endowed with full effectiveness. While we have a contradictory criminal statute and in the social field also contradictory concepts of exploration, it will become impossible, or in the best hypotheses, extremely hard its confrontation and punishment. The promulgation of an extraordinary law such as the Statute is not enough, it is necessary that before everything else the public politics give to child and adolescent, victims of this violence, a legal and social support, as well as the support through their psychical, educational, familiar, emotional and moral recovery. During the research, the data of the Tutorial Counseling of Guarabira containing the attending files were analyzed, and through them the cases of sexual exploration of children and adolescents could be detected throughout the period from January to December of 2005. In this purpose, the descriptive procedure method was used, in its exploratory and historical character. The registered data has revealed that the number of sexual exploration attending is minimal if related to other attendings, as well as it is possible to observe the difficulty in precising the crime described by the victim or his relatives and the identification itself from the Counseling members. The educational profile points to the already described national level, little access to education and a great number of school evasion.
O presente trabalho teve por objeto de estudo a exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes na comarca de Guarabira, procurou ressaltar a importância da participação da sociedade civil como um forte instrumento de combate e apoio às crianças vitimizadas, bem como enfatizando dentro de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar a legislação concernente à matéria abordada, discutindo seus acertos e atropelos no que diz respeito a punição dos culpados. Busca no Código Penal Brasileiro e no Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente os artigos incriminadores, traçando a seguir uma análise histórica, social e jurídica. A pesquisa foi realizada no Conselho Tutelar da cidade de Guarabira. Através da coleta de dados nas fichas de atendimento às vítimas. Procurou mostrar o contexto histórico do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Constatou-se que antes tínhamos uma legislação não protetora dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes, a qual evoluiu para o padrão que temos na atualidade, a chamada proteção integral. Porém, o ECA, que foi fruto de intensas lutas sociais, muitas delas organizadas pela sociedade civil, ainda traz em seu texto artigos discriminadores e passíveis de absoluta inaplicabilidade. Assim, é preciso repensar os conceitos de exploração para trazer à baila novos instrumentos dotados de plena eficácia. Enquanto tivermos um estatuto penal contraditório e no campo social conceitos de exploração também contraditórios, tornar-se-á impossível, ou na melhor das hipóteses, dificílimo o seu enfrentamento e punição. Não basta a promulgação de uma lei extraordinária como é chamado o Estatuto, é preciso antes de tudo políticas públicas que dê à criança e ao adolescente, vítimas desta violência, o suporte jurídico e social, assim como o apoio em sua recuperação psíquica, educacional, familiar, emocional e moral. Durante a pesquisa foi analisado os dados do Conselho Tutelar de Guarabira contidos nas fichas de atendimentos e através delas detectados os casos de exploração sexual em crianças e adolescentes no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2005. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de procedimento descritivo de caráter exploratório e histórico. Os dados cadastrais revelaram que os números de atendimentos de exploração sexual é ínfimo em relação a outros atendimentos, bem como pode-se constatar a dificuldade em precisar o crime retratado pela vítima ou seus familiares e a própria identificação pelos membros do conselho. O perfil educacional aponta para o já descrito em nível nacional, baixa escolaridade e um grande número de evasão escolar.
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Grossman, Michelle G. "Addressing the gap : the role of institutions of the Rome Statute in responding to the needs of child crime victims at risk of "falling through the cracks"." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711689.
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Gauz, Maurice Jason. "'This Would Be Much Funner in Person': A Qualitative Grounded Theory Analysis of Cybergrooming." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1802.
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The rather novel phenomenon of cybergrooming, or the solicitation of minors for sex via the Internet, has yet to be fully explored. This is a problem because such predatory behavior can lead to psychological and/or physical abuse of minors. The present study seeks to fill this knowledge by performing a qualitative, grounded theory analysis of naturally-occurring cybergrooming discourse. Data were drawn from the website of the online watchdog group, Perverted Justice. The first 20 lines of talk transmitted by the adults in these chat conversations were sampled from 100 transcripts published by Perverted Justice.Multi-step coding, facilitated by the qualitative analysis software Atlas.ti, revealed 11 themes of social action that discursively emerged in at least 25% of said transcripts: (1) conversational openings; (2) initial solicitation of age, sex and/or location; (3) specific questions regarding 'child's' life; (4) follow-up topicalization of 'child's' location; (5) seeking visual images of 'child;' (6) complimenting 'child's' appearance; (7) soliciting topic for discussion; (8) explicitly sexual statements; (9) soliciting 'child's' age preference for sex/romance; (10) arranging further contact; and (11) disclosing personal activities. These themes are then explored in their own context, in relation to each other, and as elements of the broad behavioral framework of cybergrooming.
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Alexander, Aryriana. "Beliefs About Children Who Have Been Incarcerated: What Do Parents Know?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/142.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between traditional African-American American parenting and the overrepresentation of African-Americans in America’s jails and prisons. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews of twelve parents who have had a child incarcerated in their adult life to gather data. Study participants were asked their experiences with several traditional happenings, supported by research, in some traditional African-American households. Topics discussed included religion, spanking, and single parenthood. The study found that many of the traditional happenings of African-American parenting occurred within the homes of parents with children who were incarcerated, which supports previous research. Additionally, the study found that negative views of law enforcement officers were held by several participants and passed down to their children. Moreover, the majority of participants believed that race had some bearing on the treatment of their child by law enforcement and the legal system. The findings of the study suggest that there is room for social workers to be more aware of the unique needs of the African-American community and advocacy is necessary for programs and resources to reach this special population. Furthermore, social workers should continue to seek cultural competence and demonstrate racial awareness when working with clients.
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Warden, Tara S. "The cost of dreaming : identifying the underlying social and cultural structures which push/pull victims into human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation in Central America." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18521.
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This investigation explores the international perspectives of causality of human traffic, specifically, traffic into commercial sexual exploitation. Current Western approaches to combat trafficking centre around law and order, immigration issues, and victim protection programs. While these are important for a holistic effort to deter traffic, these foci overlook prevention endeavors, thereby acting as a band-aid on a bullet wound, addressing the symptoms, but not the foundation of trafficking. Western perspectives toward prevention concentrate on economic aspects of supply and demand while crediting the root cause to be poverty. Using social exclusion theory, this thesis demonstrates that the current paradigm of viewing human trafficking in purely economic terms is an oversimplification. This project proposes to widen the focus of prevention efforts those cultural and social structures which push and pull victims into trafficking. The research is a response to an international call for further initiatives to prevent human trafficking, the recent rise of human traffic in Guatemala, Central America and the lack of research which focuses on the social links with trafficking and mainstream society. Research conducted in Guatemala, included a thirteen-month ethnography and involved one-hundred and thirteen qualitative interviews conducted in nine Guatemalan cities strategically located along trafficking routes. The target research population included women sex workers and former traffic victims from Central America and included insights from non-governmental organizations workers. Twenty-three interviewees were Central American migrants which provided insight in the wider regional structures of traffic and commercial sexual exploitation. The interviews aimed at understanding the lived experiences of exploitation in order to determine whether social exclusion affects human traffic within commercial sexual exploitation. The findings revealed the underlying social and cultural structures which reinforce human trafficking. Empirical data collected provides real-time data on trafficking networks, commercial sexual exploitation and reveals the geo-political significance of Guatemala as a hot-spot for traffic. Analysis of interviews illustrates variations in the experience of human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation which challenges current western stereotypical ideas on traffic victims. Conceptually, macro-structures—political, economic, social, and violence—are presented as a back drop for the formation of wider networks of exploitation. The exploration of violence as a push factor challenges international forced repatriation policies. Micro-structures—gender roles, family, violence, and coping strategies—are examined in the ways they perpetuate social systems of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Theoretically, the thesis argues against the current paradigm which narrowly focuses on economics, but calls for the incorporation of social exclusion theory to understand the multi-dimensionality of human traffic and its wider links to society in order to open up new dialogue for prevention between the West and the majority world.
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Swift, Sally. "Thoughts, feelings and perceptions of an inner-city London community regarding the role of the school in preventing and protecting children and young people from crime." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018266/.
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Although statistics imply that youth crime is falling, fear of crime amongst young people is prevalent. Young people living in high crime neighbourhoods are more likely to become involved with crime - as victim or offender - and to experience increased psychological stressors such as fear. Even though schools have almost universal access to young people, in the UK their role in crime prevention is in its infancy. In contrast, the positive impact of crime prevention interventions in countries including America and Australia are well documented. By analysing the perspectives of a range of young people and adult stakeholders in an inner-city community, this study contributes to knowledge about how to strengthen the role of the school in youth crime prevention. A qualitative mixed-methods design was used to allow full exploration of the topic. Young people in Years 5-9 took part in mixed gender, school-based, focus groups. Adult stakeholders, including primary and secondary school staff, the police and youth workers, shared their views in semi-structured interviews or focus groups. Each participant lived or worked in the research ward. Each interview and focus group was transcribed and analysed along three thematic analyses; ‘context of crime for young people’, ‘context of youth crime for adult community stakeholders’ and possible future ‘ways of working’. Various themes and subthemes allowed for further exploration of the topic. The findings highlight how regularly young people in high crime inner-city communities are exposed to crime, and how aware they are of it. Participants report that young people are not getting enough crime prevention support in school, and that schools could and should be doing more. The limited support available to young people is piecemeal, and tends to be reactive not preventative. This study highlights the need for increased joined-up working between youth services and education. There is also a need for a wider range of provision and better use of existing resources in such communities to better meet the holistic needs of young people and protect them from crime. Although there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution to improving crime prevention support in schools, the findings can be applied to other contexts. The study outlines the implications for professionals in these communities, including the possible role for educational psychologists.
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Kobeckienė, Raimonda. "Nusikaltimus padariusių vaikų resocializacijos galimybės ugdymo institucijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_180920-72321.
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Nepilnamečių nusikalstamumas – viena iš aktualiausių šių dienų Lietuvoje problemų, kelianti grėsmę tiek socialinei, tiek kultūrinei, tiek ekonominei demografinei šalies ateičiai. Šio magistro tikslas – atskleisti nusikaltimus padariusių vaikų resocializacijos galimybes ugdymo institucijoje. Teorinėje dalyje kalbama apie resocializaciją kaip trečiajį prevencijos lygmenį, aptariama resocializacijos samprata teisiniu, pedagoginiu bei psichologiniu aspektais. Didziausias dėmesys skiriamas nusikaltimus padariusiems vaikams. Remiantis moksline literatūra į nusikaltimus linkę vaikai, apibūdinami teisiniu, psichologiniu ir pedagoginiais aspektais. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas šeimai, mokyklai, neformalioms grupėms, visuomenės informavimo priemonėms. Kokybinėje tyrimo dalyje, remiantis moksline literatūra, nagrinėjama nusikaltimus padariusių vaikų konkrečios institucijos (Kauno NTI – PN) resocializacijos galimybės. Išanalizavus dabartinę padėtį, galima teigti, kad įstaigoje inicijuojama švietėjiška veikla, kurios tikslas – paruošti nuteistus nepilnamečius sėkmingam gyvenimui nuolat kintančioje, dinamiškoje visuomenėje, ugdyti įgūdžius, padėsiančius jiems atrasti savo vietą darbo rinkoje bei tapti motyvuota ir kūrybiška asmenybe. Įstaigoje vykdomos švietėjiškos nepilnamečių ugdymo programos, kuriomis siekiama ugdyti nuteistojo kompetencijas bei formuoti asmenybę, sugebančią sėkmingai veikti visuomenėje.The criminality of youngsters under the age of 18 – is one of the most actual problems of today’s Lithuania. It causes danger to the social, cultural, economical and demographical future of the country. The aim of this master’s thesis is to reveal the educational institution’s possibilities of resocialization of children who commit a crime. In the theoretical part of the thesis we find information about the term “resocialization” from the juridical, pedagogical and psychological aspects. Resocialization was also investigated like third level of prevention. The biggest attention was paid to the children who commit a crime. With the help of scientific literature, we have considered the fact of children’s criminality from the juridical, pedagogical and psychological areas. The big attention also was paid to the family, school, informal groups and means of informing of a society. In the qualitative part of the research according to the scientific literature we have analysed the possibilities of resocialization of children who commit a crime by the example of a very concrete institution - Investigatory Insulator of Kaunas - the House of Correction. After we have investigated the present situation, we can make an assumption that this institution initiates educational activities. Its target is to prepare the condemned youngster to successful living in the dynamic society, to develop their skills and talents to the fullest. It has to help children in finding their place in the... [to full text]
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Maphagela, Thinavhuyo Gladys. "Tsenguluso ya u tambudzwa ha vhana kha manwalwa a Tshivenda nyombedzelo i kha Sigogo (2002), Nefefe (2008) na Mugwena (2014)." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1965.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo sengulusa u tambudzwa ha vhana kha maṅwalwa a Tshivenḓa. U tambudzwa ha vhana a zwo ngo thoma ṋamusi nahone ndi zwithu zwi sa ṱanganedzei kha tshitshavha, tshi tou vha tshilonda tshine na u phuphwa tshi sa fhole kana yone tsilingwane. Kha ngudo iyi ho senguluswa u tambudzwa ha vhana nga nḓila dzo fhambanaho, zwi ṱuṱuwedzaho u tambudza vhana, masianditwa a u tambudzwa na zwiga tsumba zwa u tambudzwa ha vhana. Mawanwa o sumba uri vhana vha a tambudzwa lwa muhumbulo, u tambudzwa ha vhuvha na u tambudzwa nga u sa londwa kha bugu dzo topolwaho. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo wana uri vhana vha tambudzwaho lwa muhumbulo, nga u sa londwa na u tambudzwa lwa vhuvha vha lingedza nga nḓila dzoṱhe u shavha hayani, vha a ṱoḓa na u ḓivhulaha, vha dzula vho bilufhala na mashumele avho zwikoloni a a tsela fhasi ane a sa vhe maitele avhuḓi. Mawanwa o dovha hafhu a sumba uri vhatambudzi vha ṱuṱuwedzwa zwihulu nga matiitii, u sa ḓithonifha, u sa dzhiela nṱha pfunzo dza vhana na u nambatela kha mvelele U ḓimbadekanya na vhana nga vhabebi, u ḓivhadza vhashumelavhapo na tshipholisa nga ha nyeṱe iyi zwi nga khwiṋifhadza mashumele a vhana zwikoloni na u fhungudza u shavha mahayani na u ṱoḓa u ḓivhulaha ha vhana vhane vha khou tambudzwa nga nḓila dzo fhambanaho. Ngudo iyi yo shumisa maṅwalwa o tou topolwaho u kuvhanganya mafhungo nga ha u tambudzwa ha vhana. Mawanwa o saukanyiwa hu tshi tevhelwa thero dzi fanaho kha maṅwalwa oṱhe. Zwinzhi zwi kha ḓi tea u itwa u itela u thivhela nyeṱe iyi.Themendelo dza mawanwa dzo itwa u itela u thivhela khombo.
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Minson, Shona. "Who cares? : analysing the place of children in maternal sentencing decisions in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:51411529-99f0-4d2f-bc90-9f0c5ae84a28.
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When children face separation from their parents as a consequence of state action in the family courts, their best interests are the paramount consideration of the court and they have legal representation. Children who face separation from their mother as a consequence of sentencing proceedings in the criminal courts are neither represented nor acknowledged. The thesis analyses this differentiated treatment and explores its consequences for children, society and the state. Explanations for the differentiated treatment are tested with reference to existing literature and original empirical research. The impact on children of imprisoned mothers is investigated to determine whether or not they suffer harm. The parameters of the state duty of care towards children are explored, to see if children of defendant mothers fall outside of it, and the way sentencing judges construct and interpret their duty towards mothers and their children within the sentencing process is examined. This thesis establishes that without legal or moral justification, children of maternal defendants are treated without the concern given to children who face separation from their parents in the family courts. Children of defendant mothers suffer as a consequence of the 'secondary prisonisation', 'secondary stigmatisation' and 'confounding grief' which they experience, and the state has failed to uphold their rights under Articles 3, 12 and 20, and is in breach of its duty under Article 2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. The guidance and mechanisms for considering their welfare exist but are not engaged with by the sentencing courts, local authorities, legislators or policy makers. This has negative consequences for children, their caregivers and wider society. The thesis concludes with consideration of the implications of these findings for the state and suggests changes to ensure equitable treatment of children of defendant mothers in England and Wales.
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Melo, Liliane Maria Martins de Barros. "Parentalidade e conjugalidade: a experiência de mulheres que tiveram um filho vítima de incesto." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=318.
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Este estudo pretendeu compreender como são vivenciadas a parentalidade e a conjugalidade na experiência de mulheres/mães cujos companheiros praticaram abuso sexual incestuoso em relação aos seus filhos/as. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa. Como instrumentos para a coleta de informações, construímos um álbum de fotografias que serviu como estímulo para introduzir, junto às colaboradoras, um assunto tão difícil para quem viveu a dor de tal experiência. Acrescentamos uma entrevista semidirigida, como meio de focarmos os conteúdos relacionados aos nossos objetivos. Procuramos observar as formas como essas
mulheres/mães se relacionam com os seus companheiros e com os/as filhos/as vítimas do abuso sexual incestuoso. Os resultados mostram que existe um ideal de família que se constituía de pai, mãe e filhos, que se quebra com a revelação do abuso sexual incestuoso. Podemos constatar que a violência perpassa as relações conjugais antes da revelação do incesto, expressando-se no domínio do
companheiro sobre essas mulheres de modo mais explícito com agressões físicas, controle econômico ou ainda, mais sutilmente, através de um ciúme possessivo. A
conjugalidade é idealizada como relação de afeto, companheirismo e respeito. Essa relação foi repensada após a revelação do abuso sexual incestuoso. Na experiência
da parentalidade, verificamos, em nossas análises, a ocorrência, no exercício e na prática, de relações de amorosidade entre mães e filhos e essas relações passaram
a se estabelecer de modo difícil em função das novas circunstâncias suscitadas, a partir da revelação de práticas abusivas. Em todas as mulheres entrevistadas,
constatamos o exercício e a prática da parentalidade como relação de afeto, sobrepondo-se às situações adversas vividas por elas, cuja maternidade representa um valor na constituição de suas identidades. Consideramos a importância desse estudo para enfatizar a necessidade de consolidação das políticas públicas já existentes e, também, da sociedade civil no sentido de incluir, no atendimento a vítimas de abuso sexual, um espaço de acolhimento a essas mulheres/mães que
denunciam os seus companheiros e passam a ter uma vida de privações no âmbito emocional, afetivo e econômico-materialThis study is focused on trying to understand the experience of parenthood and conjugality lived by some women/mothers who have had their own men and kids involved in incestuous relations. The methodology used here was the qualitative one. To collect the information/data needed, it was created a scrapbook. This photography album was developed in order to help introduce the sexual abuse issue to the women who have agreed to talk about and share this family drama they have all been through. Attempting to approach whatever subjects that could be possibly related to the purposes of this work, it was also added a semi-guided interview. We tried to observe the various ways these women/mothers react whenever having their children sexually abused by their own men, as well as the kind of relationship they keep with these men/aggressors. The results go to show that there is an ideal concept of family: dad, mom and kids living altogether. This ideal concept, however, is left behind as soon as the incestuous abuse situations are revealed. We were able to confirm that domestic violence is also a very important part of this whole perversion process (and when it comes to conjugal relationships, it can be expressed in many different ways, such as: physical aggressions, economic subordination or even possessive jealousy). Conjugality is commonly idealized as a relation of affection, companionship and respect. But this kind of perception changes as the incestuous abuse cases are uncovered. Inside the the parenthood experience itself, our analysis could verify that there are genuine love bonds between these moms and their children. These love bonds, inevitably, tend to become more fragile (or even break) as a result of whatever new circumstances that might appear once the incestuous perversion is revealed. All women interviewed here expressed the practice of parenthood as an affection relation, which seemed to be strong enough to overcome each and every adversity they have experienced. To these women, motherhood itself represents a very important basis used to consolidate their own identities. We understand that this work is relevant to help emphasize our society needs in terms of public administration and management. We also expect this study can contribute to stimulate the institutions and centers which support victims of sexual abuse to offer some sort of aid to all those who have been involved in situations of incestuous perversion (including the women and mothers who decide to denounce their men, once this being done, they are the ones who have their lives entirely changed emotionally, affectively and economically speaking)
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Gal, Tali, and tali gal@anu edu au. "Victims to Partners: Child Victims and Restorative Justice." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.100521.
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Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored.
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This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims.
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The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that
of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the
criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the
stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses
on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims.
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While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.
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Stetson, Randall. "Exploring the association between perceived safety of household children in the neigborhood and levels of depressive symptoms among Spanish speaking Latina adults living in a high crime, low income neigbhorhood." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10108202.
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Previous research has confirmed that neighborhood level social factors (e.g. crime, safety) present chronic stressors that increase risk for depression in residents of economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. U.S. Latinos experience higher levels of poverty and thus are more likely to live in poor neighborhoods. In this study it was hypothesized that adult Latina women who reported (1) higher levels of worry regarding the general safety of their household children in the neighborhood, (2) higher levels of worry regarding influence of bad friends on their household children, and (3) higher levels of worry regarding their household children being exposed to drugs and alcohol, would also report higher levels of depression after controlling for the individual level characteristics of level of acculturation, education, age, income and marital status. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and a convenience sample of 136 Latina women. Depression was measured using the CES-D Spanish version. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the first step consisting of control variables was significantly correlated with depression, R2 =.14, F (5,130) =4.261, p = .001. In step two, after entering the neighborhood level variables, the resulting R2 increased significantly, R 2 = .21, F (1, 129) = 10.937, p < .001. The relationship between depression and each CES-D subscale was also explored. Understanding both micro and macro level factors that contribute to depression is essential for developing complex multi-level explanatory models and designing effective interventions. This study contributes to an emerging critical framework that illustrates how public policy influences the more proximal mechanisms that contribute to mental health and health problems.
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Martins, Janaina da Mota. "O abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar: do segredo à elaboração." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1180.
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Considerado um grave problema social e de saúde pública, a violência sexual contra crianças se expressa de diversas formas incluindo o abuso sexual intrafamiliar. A problemática deste estudo circunscreve-se em torno das questões sobre o abuso sexual perpetrado por pai contra filhos (as). Respaldadas em questões e inquietações provocadas pela escuta clínica de crianças e adolescentes envolvidos em situações de violência sexual e suas famílias objetivamos estudar, dentro da
perspectiva psicanalítica, as repercussões na dinâmica da família, da revelação do abuso sexual intrafamiliar e as implicações para a criança. Participou da pesquisa a mãe de uma criança que sofreu abuso sexual praticado por seu pai biológico e revelou o fato à mãe depois de quase dois anos, encaminhadas à pesquisa pelo Centro de Referência Interprofissional na Atenção a Crianças e Adolescentes
Vítimas de Violência da Capital/Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco[TJPE]. Adotamos para a coleta de dados as entrevistas psicológicas semidirigidas, dentro da abordagem clínico-qualitativa, observando os cuidados éticos para a pesquisa com seres humanos; para a análise dos dados utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo, agrupando os fragmentos da entrevista em eixos temáticos para, então,
compreendê-los em seus núcleos de sentido. A nossa investigação mostrou que a revelação do abuso sexual infantil é um processo lento e gradual, que demanda um intenso trabalho psíquico para a criança e se desdobra na sua narrativa. Verificamos que a revelação do abuso sexual incestuoso não necessariamente promove alívio de início, podendo ser vivida de ameaçadora e dolorosa para a criança/adolescente,associada às angústias e fantasias, sendo capaz de se tornar mais difícil do que a própria experiência do abuso. Tanto a criança como membros da família quando decidem pela denúncia, são solicitados a falar sobre o que aconteceu em diferentes
instâncias, em sua maioria desarticuladas, obrigando-os a contarem, inúmeras vezes, como se deu o abuso, configurando-se numa verdadeira via-crúcis para a criança, principalmente. Observamos também que os dados analisados na entrevista demonstram que em relação à família, o processo de revelação leva a um período
de desestabilização exigindo do grupo disposição emocional para a elaboração e transformação. É possível dizer que nosso estudo corrobora achados de pesquisas anteriores, no que se refere às reações maternas perante a revelação, ficando evidente o sofrimento psíquico que as mães apresentam ao tomar conhecimento do fato, sendo necessário que recebam igual atenção e cuidado no decurso da
revelação, lembrando que ocupam um lugar significativo neste processo. No que se refere à revelação no contexto clínico, destacamos a importância do trabalho clínico e da figura do terapeuta intermediando a relação da criança com sua experiência de abuso, oferecendo a ela um ambiente seguro para criação de sentidos. Dessa
forma, esperamos que esta pesquisa tenha contribuído de alguma forma, para ampliar o debate em torno da problemática do abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar no campo da clínica e da academia.Considered a serious social and public health problem, sexual violence against children is expressed in various ways including the domestic sexual abuse. The problem of this study is localized around the issues of sexual abuse perpetrated by father against children. Based on issues and concerns caused by the clinic listening to children and adolescents involved in situations of sexual violence and their families aimed to study, within the psychoanalytic perspective, the impact on family dynamics, the development of intra-family sexual abuse and the implications for the child. Participated in the survey the mother of a child who suffered sexual abuse by her biological father and revealed the fact to mother after almost two years, referred to research by the Interprofessional Reference Center on Attention to Children and Adolescents Victims of Violence of Capital / Court of Justice of Pernambuco [TJPE]. We adopted for the collection of data the semi-directed psychological interviews, within the clinical-qualitative approach, observing the ethical guidelines for research with human beings; for the analysis of the data we use the Content Analysis[AC], grouping the interview fragments themes to then understand them in their core sense. Our research has shown that disclosure of child sexual abuse is a slow and gradual process that requires an intense psychic work for the child and unfolds in his narrative. We found that the revelation of incestuous sexual abuse does not necessarily promote early relief and can be lived in a threatening and painful for the child / adolescent, associated with anxieties and fantasies, being able to be more difficult than the experience of abuse. Both the child and family members when deciding the complaint, are asked to talk about what happened in different instances, mostly disjointed, forcing members to share, countless times, how was the abuse by setting up a true via-crucis for children mainly. We also note that the data analyzed in the interview show that in relation to the family, the process of revelation leads to a destabilizing period requiring the emotional disposition group for the development and transformation. It can tell that our study corroborates findings from previous research, with regard to maternal reactions to the disclosure, evidencing the psychological suffering that mothers have to take notice of the fact, and must receive equal attention and care in the course of revelation, noting that occupy a significant place in this process. As regards the disclosure in the clinical context, we emphasize the importance of clinical work and Therapist figure mediating the child relationship with his experience of abuse, offering a safe environment for creating senses. Thus, we hope that this research has contributed in some way to broaden the discussion around the issue of child sexual abuse assistance in the field of clinical and academic circles.
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Januškienė, Daiva. "Rizikos grupės vaikų požiūris į nepilnamečių nusikaltimų prevencijos įgyvendinimo būvį mokykloje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_181141-80392.
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Šiame darbe buvo siekiama atskleisti rizikos grupės vaikų požiūrį į nusikaltimų prevencijos įgyvendinimo būvį mokykloje.Siekiant šio tikslo, pirmiausia buvo apibrėžta rizikos grupei priklausančių vaikų sanprata. Išsiaiškinta nusikaltimų prevencijos įgyvendinimo strategija. Darbe aiškiai apibrėžiamas šio tyrimo objektas, suformuluotas svarbiausias tyrimo tikslas, pateikiamos hipotezės, konkretūs tyrimo uždaviniai ir tyrimo metodika. Darbe pateikiami tyrimo duomenys, atskleidžiantys rizikos grupės vaikų požiūrį į nusikaltimų prevencijos įgyvendinimą mokykloje,tai pat yra išaiškinti rizikos grupės vaikams tinkantys nusikaltimų prevencijos organizavimo būdai.In the project was researched attitude of children from the group of risk towards the state of implementation of crime prevention among under ages at school. In order to achieve this goal, conception of children from the group of risk was defined. Then, implementation of crime prevention strategy was explained. In this project is clearly defined the subject of research; formulated the most important goal; introduced hypotheses and set specific tasks as well as methods of research. The findings of research that demonstrate attitude of children from the group of risk towards implementation of crime prevention at school are included in the project. Also, here are explicated suitable for children from the group of risk methods of crime prevention organization.
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Lawrence, Karen P. "The New Drug War or the New Race War: Incarceration's Impact on Minority Children, Families, and Communities." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/16.
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This non-experimental study examines the issues of over-representation of minorities in the criminal justice system due to drug-related incidences, race relations, and the impact such representation has on families, children, and communities. The exploration of the current criminal justice efforts against drugs is presented through a meta-analysis qualitative lens in an effort to disseminate the information on those arrested, sentenced, and subsequently incarcerated for various drug offenses. In an attempt to understand the encyclical racial disparities that promulgate the criminal justice system, the study relies on information from several key theorists to cement the discussions in the research. Qualitative data from scholastic and governmental resources will be presented from which the exploration of how drug sentencing and race may be closely related. By examining various case studies, both historical and current, the goal is to clarify the various processes on which different actions have attempted to transform social relationships and the various constraints these movements faced when trying to implement and adapt these transformations.
The outcomes of this multi-layered study reveal the evolution of race relations and "identity formation" with which America attempts to change through various systematic processes. The study will examine how the implementation of governmental programs on incarceration impacts social classes and increases racial division. Three research strategies will be utilized: (1) qualitative analysis that covers racism from the media's portrayal of minorities, (2) review of the writings of theorists' addressing whether drug-related crimes or racism adds to disparity in the criminal justice system, and (3) examination of multiple case studies dealing with incarcerations' impact on minority children and communities. Data have been gathered from pre-published reports, newspapers, journals, and experiments conducted by social science theorists dealing with the new drug war and racism, and also the practices of restorative justice. This study suggests that racism is a phenomenon in the lives of every American or immigrant. Even with time and evident changes within society, racism still dominates and determines people's lives. Restoration is not inconsequential, and while various movements link social change with the governing of a new and different leader in America, this study will look at how it is possible to revisit race relations, and implement forgiveness through conflict resolution in an effort to enact systematic changes. These enactments have potential to preserve institutions and save future social infrastructure.
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Rocha, Luis Fernando [UNESP]. "Ataque sexual infanto-juvenil doméstico: da revelação à responsabilização criminal do agressor." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97686.
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rocha_lf_me_assis.pdf: 596906 bytes, checksum: b31523730a0749821fdb976503a284d4 (MD5)O abuso sexual infanto-juvenil constitui-se, há muito tempo, em um fenômeno complexo que ultrapassa os limites dos diversos campos do saber, apresentando-se de forma indiscriminada, em nossa sociedade, independentemente de classe social, etnia e gênero. Por definição, pode ser considerada como toda e qualquer conduta ou manipulação sexual entre adultos e crianças/adolescentes, com a finalidade precípua de estimular ou utilizar sexualmente estes últimos, para obtenção de prazer sexual, sem a necessidade de que haja expedientes violentos, ou força física, por parte do agressor. A ausência/insuficiência de investigações científicas abordando o fenômeno da violência sexual infanto-juvenil doméstica/intrafamiliar, notadamente com enfoque direcionado para a revelação, bem como a experiência profissional que acumulamos, atuando nas áreas criminal, civil e da infância e juventude compõem, entre outras, o quadro de justificativas para esta pesquisa. O objetivo foi caracterizar uma tipologia do fluxo de procedimentos e dos atos normativos (inquéritos policiais e/ou processos judiciais) adotados a partir da revelação do fato, até a finalização do processo de responsabilização do acusado/agressor, com vista a identificar que aspectos (supervalorizações, subjetivações, lacunas, omissões, etc., deliberados, ou não) podem ter sido decisivos para o desfecho dos casos.A pesquisa se deu numa cidade de aproximadamente trinta e cinco mil habitantes, do interior do Estado de São Paulo, abrangendo casos ocorridos no período compreendido entre os anos de 1992 e 2003, utilizando-se como fonte inquéritos policiais e processos arquivados no Fórum da Comarca. Dados os objetivos propostos e as características do objeto de estudo...
Child and juvenile sexual abuse has been for ages a complex phenomenon that trespasses the boundaries of our comprehension, occurring indiscriminately in our society regardless economic status, culture, race and gender. By definition, it can be considered any kind of behavior or sexual manipulation between adults and children / adolescents with the aim of stimulating and sexually using the latter, to obtain sexual satisfaction, without the use of violence or physical strength on the part of the perpetrator. The lack of scientific research covering the subject of child and juvenile sexual abuse within the family environment, focusing at the revelation, as well as the professional experience acquired for the past years working in the criminal and civil areas, child and juvenile areas, among many other facts, justify this research. The aim of this study was to highlight a chain of procedures and the normative rulings (police investigation and/or court suits) adopted from the moment of the revelation of the fact itself until the finalization of the process of making the perpetrator responsible for his acts, aiming to identify what aspects ( overvaluations, subjectivities, blanks, omissions , either intentional or not) must have been decisive to the outcome of the cases. The research was conducted in a city of approximately thirty five thousand inhabitants, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, covering cases that happened in the period between the years of 1992 and 2003, using as source police investigation files and law suits filed at the Justice Hall. Due to the proposed objectives of the study, the quali-quantitative method was chosen to allow the necessary flexibility to study accurately the collected data from... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Yip, King-sum, and 葉敬森. "Victims of childhood sexual abuse and later criminal consequences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979178.
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Rimer, Jonah R. "Risk, childhood, morality, and the internet : an anthropological study of internet sexual offending." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:318b9067-f847-4798-9494-55e5a3ce1b52.
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This thesis is an anthropological study of Internet sexual offending, more specifically the viewing of child abuse media. It is based on 17 months of participant-observation in UK group programs for individuals who had downloaded illegal child abuse media, semi-structured interviews with participants, program staff, and police, and staff focus groups. Through engaging directly with offenders and those managing them, it provides an in-depth, qualitative understanding of how Internet use and perceptions of online spaces play a key role in Internet sexual offending, while also asking broader questions about online sociality, morality, and effects on normative behaviour. The central argument posits that in moving beyond commonplace explanations for Internet offending, more attention must be given to Internet use, perceptions and constructions of online spaces, and effects on social norms to explain this phenomenon. It then follows to suggest that for some offenders, these elements can be instrumental in their sexualization of children and choice to view abusive media. The thesis specifically explores why and how some people in the UK engage with illegal child abuse media, with particular attention to notions of risk, childhood, morality, and the Internet. Employing Foucauldian and neo-Foucauldian theory, anthropology of the Internet, and constructionist theories of childhood, focus is placed on multiple areas: the potential social, emotional, sexual, and Internet-specific factors associated with offending; participants' relationships with the Internet and constructions of online spaces; participants' perceptions of childhood and children online and offline; and, societal and institutional efforts to respond to the above, including the larger justice system and fieldwork group program. The general research areas are social science of the Internet, childhood studies, human sexuality, group therapeutic processes, policy and law, and research methodology and ethics.
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Louveira, Leopoldo Stefanno Gonçalves Leone. "A esfera da vida privada do cidadão como limite à interferência do direito penal: a questão da pornografia infantil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-10012014-154631/.
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A dissertação analisa a questão dos limites ao poder estatal de interferência por meio do Direito Penal na vida dos cidadãos quando em jogo elementos de sua esfera íntima, mais precisamente, o exercício da sexualidade humana. Sob o pano de fundo do exame dos diversos aspectos jurídicos relacionados à pornografia infantil, o estudo busca verificar de que forma os discursos do combate ao abuso infantil e da luta contra a pedofilia podem estar ancorados em critérios meramente moralizantes, dando guarida à criação de tipos penais desprovidos de legitimidade. Parte-se de uma abordagem introdutória a respeito da relação entre Direito e Moral incluídas aí as noções de moral social e moral sexual , trazendo um retrato da evolução da matéria até a forma liberal de disciplinar o assunto, sem a influência de tabus religiosos ou éticos. A despeito da tentativa de mudança de paradigmas do chamado Direito Penal Sexual, com o abandono de antigos critérios de tutela do pudor público e a introdução da noção de dignidade sexual, assentada na autodeterminação sexual, a disciplina jurídicopenal da pornografia infantil vem sendo objeto de patente recrudescimento nas últimas décadas. Com o advento da rede mundial de computadores, a tendência internacional de combate aos crimes cibernéticos levou o legislador brasileiro a editar a Lei n.º 11.829/09, que alterou o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), para aumentar penas, criar novos tipos penais e incriminar todos os elos da cadeia da produção pornográfica infantil, incluindo as condutas de mera aquisição/posse de material pornográfico infantil real (artigo 241-B) e a pseudopornografia infantil (artigo 241-C). O trabalho analisa até que ponto essas incriminações seriam justificáveis para o fim invocado, visto que, no caso da modalidade simulada, por exemplo, estão ausentes critérios de exclusiva proteção de bens jurídicos, lesividade e ofensividade, reclamados pelo Direito Penal do Fato. Ao final, a figura do pedófilo merecerá um exame específico, apoiado em conceitos médico-científicos, a fim de delimitar qual seria a melhor maneira político-criminal de abordar os portadores dessa parafilia (pena ou tratamento).This dissertation analyzes the issues regarding the limits of the states power in interfering by means of Criminal law in the lives of citizens, when elements of his/her intimate plane are at stake, more precisely, the exercise of human sexuality. In the background of the examination of several legal aspects regarding child pornography, the study seeks to verify by which form speeches of combating child abuse and the fight against pedophilia might be anchored by merely moralizing criteria, and in turn supporting the creation of crimes lacking legitimacy. Starting off with an introductory approach regarding the relation between Law and morality here including the notions of social and sexual morality -, and bringing forth a portrait of the evolution of the subject even in its liberal form of disciplining the subject, without the influence of taboos be them religious or ethic. Despite the attempted change in paradigms called Sexual Criminal Law, with the abandonment of old criteria of tutelage of public shame and the introduction of the notion of sexual dignity, based on sexual selfdetermination, the judiciary criminal discipline of child pornography has been subject of manifest recrudescence in the last decades. In the dawn of worldwide net of computers, the international tendency of cyber-crime fighting has led the Brazilian legislator to edit the Law n.° 11.829/09, that altered the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), to raise punishment, and create new crimes and incriminate al the links of the child pornography production chain, including those who merely acquire the true pornographic material (article 24-B) and pseudo child pornography (article 241-C). This presentation analizes up to what point these incriminations would be justifiable for the invoked end, since, in she simulated mode, for instance, the criteria of exclusive protection of the legal interest are absent, prejudice and offensiveness, claimed by the Factual Criminal Law. Finaly, the figure of the pedophile deserves a more specific examination, supported by medical scientific concepts, to bound which would be the best political-criminal way to address the carrier of this paraphilia (penalty or treatment).
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Lynch, Nessa, and n/a. "The rights of the young person in the New Zealand youth justice family group conference." University of Otago. Faculty of Law, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090728.105833.
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The youth justice family group conference (FGC) is a statutory decision making process whereby the young person, their family/whanau, state officials and the victim of the offence come together to decide on a response to offending by that young person. The FGC is an integral part of the youth justice system, involving thousands of young people and their families each year.
There is a considerable amount of literature available on the youth justice FGC, most notably in regard to the purported restorative justice nature of the process. However, for a legal process which involves so many young people on a daily basis, there is little information available on the due process rights of young people in the FGC. This thesis seeks to remedy this gap in the research knowledge.
Firstly, this thesis establishes the theoretical framework for the rights of the young person in the youth justice system. The historical context and theoretical justification for these rights is considered, and the benchmarks for rights coming from international and national human rights standards are identified. A key theoretical issue is the application of rights to the FGC. It is argued that although the FGC differs in format from the adversarial criminal process, it remains a state process involved in resolving a breach of the criminal law, and thus the young person's rights should be safeguarded.
Secondly, this thesis evaluates legislation, policy and practice relating to the rights of the young person in the FGC. Three key areas of rights are considered: legal assistance, how the offence is proved, and outcomes of the FGC. Reference is made to practice examples derived from observation of the FGC in two centres in New Zealand.
Finally, as the FGC is certain to remain an integral part of the youth justice system, recommendations are made as to how legislation and practice could be improved to better safeguard the rights of young people in this process.
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Karimzadeh, Meibody Anahita. "Les enfants soldats : aspects de droit international humanitaire et de droit comparé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA003/document.
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Le paroxysme atteint par la diffusion incontrôlée durant les années 1990 du phénomène des enfants soldats a obligé la communauté internationale à renforcer la protection des enfants et à instituer des garanties supplémentaires à l’égard des enfants touchés par les conflits armés. Les zones d’instabilité politique, les conflits, ainsi que l'impunité quasi généralisée en matière de violations graves des droits de l’homme ont été les principales sources de la montée en puissance du phénomène des enfants soldats. L’objectif qui consistait à mettre fin à l’implication illégale d'enfants dans les conflits armés a nécessité une coopération étroite entre tous les États concernés cependant que divers problèmes d’ordre juridique n’ont pas tardé à faire leur apparition. Par ailleurs, la diversité des ordres juridiques et la variété des approches doctrinales quant à la définition de la notion d’« enfant » ont rendu difficile une approche consensuelle. L’institution d'une responsabilité pénale internationale pour le recrutement des enfants, érigé en crime de guerre, n’était qu’un début. La question de la justice dans les pays sortis des conflits est toujours d'actualité et l’adoption d’autres formes de justice s’avère indispensable dans le processus de réconciliation et de réinsertion des enfants. La responsabilité pénale des enfants soldats est examinée sous son double aspect victime / bourreau, en abordant certaines affaires emblématiquesThe uncontrolled spread of the phenomenon of child soldiers culminated in such a point during the 1990s that the international community was forced to strengthen the protection of children by introducing additional safeguards for children affected by armed conflict. Some of the main explanations for the rise of the phenomenon of child soldiers have been: areas of political instability, conflicts and almost universal impunity in cases of serious human rights violations. The objective of putting an end to the illegal involvement of children in armed conflict required close cooperation between all states concerned. Yet, legal complications did not take long to appear. Moreover, the diversity of legal systems and the variety of doctrinal approaches to the definition of the term "child" made a consensual approach difficult. The international criminalization of recruiting children, defined as a war crime, was just the beginning. The issue of justice in countries emerging from conflict is still relevant today and the adoption of other forms of justice is essential in the process of reconciliation and reintegration of former child soldiers. The criminal accountability of child soldiers is examined in its dual aspect of victim/executioner, addressing some emblematic cases
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Walker, Sharon. "Influences on Juvenile-Justice Court Dispositions: Sentencing Disparities, Race, Legal Representation, Degree of Offending, and Conflict in the Juvenile Justice System." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/35.
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Franzoni, Gleidismara dos Santos Cardozo de Castro. "A percepção de educadores sobre a exploração sexual." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2197.
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This study, presented in the Masters program in Education and Culture of the State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), sought to understand teachers perceptions about Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in the municipality of Florianópolis. The guiding issues of this study focused on a search to unveil the reflections of this perception on pedagogical activities with victims of such violence. The work also sought to identify, based on the discourse of teachers, suggestions for confronting sexual exploitation, understanding the educator as a defender of the rights of children and adolescents, and as a citizen who transforms reality. The study first portrays the world experienced by the researcher as an educator, psychologist and employee of the Federal Public Ministry, considering that her experience is permeated by conflicts about this problem both in the educational process and in therapeutic practice. The theoretical support for the research reveals that sexual rights are human rights, and thus supported by Brazilian and international legislation. Sexual exploitation is clearly a violation of rights that requires systematic intervention to punish the violators. By means of this dissertation I intend to offer society, especially those committed to the effective protection of sexually exploited subjects, material that can assist in the reflections, debates and programs to eradicate this heinous form of obtaining pleasure and profit. Understanding the school as a special place of information and education about sexual identity that can significantly contribute to the construction of a culture of peace, five teachers were interviewed who performed various functions in public schools located in the periphery of Florianópolis. The theoretical-philosophical-methodological route to phenomenology was based principally on the works of The data collected in the interviews were analyzed according to the five steps proposed by Giorgi, enriched by the sixth step proposed by Comiotto. Based on the analysis of the interviews, three essential concepts were revealed: I A look at oneself, when meeting the other: The perception of the multiple violence that is felt; II Confronting sexual exploitation is everyone s responsibility; III- The construction of a culture of peace: suggestions for confronting the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. The work also intends to create elements that can assist in the development of public policies that provide psychological and social services to the victims of commercial sexual exploitation and that assist teachers in the prevention and confrontation of sexual exploitation
O presente trabalho, apresentado no curso de Mestrado em Educação e Cultura, da Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina- UDESC, buscou compreender a percepção de educadoras sobre a Exploração Sexual Comercial de Crianças e Adolescentes no município de Florianópolis. As questões norteadoras deste estudo enfatizaram a procura do desvelamento dos reflexos desta percepção, na ação pedagógica, junto aos sujeitos vítimas de violência. O trabalho também procura elencar, à partir dos discursos das educadoras, sugestões de enfrentamento à exploração sexual, visualizando o educador como defensor dos direitos da infância e da adolescência, bem como cidadão transformador da realidade. Inicialmente, relata o mundo vivido pela pesquisadora como educadora, psicóloga e servidora do Ministério Público Federal, considerando que sua vivência foi permeada de conflitos a cerca dessa problemática tanto no processo educativo, quanto na prática terapêutica. No diálogo com os cúmplices teóricos, ficou evidenciado que os direitos sexuais são direitos humanos, portanto amparados na legislação nacional e internacional, e que a exploração sexual é uma violação de direitos, requerendo uma intervenção sistêmica para punição dos aliciadores. Por meio dessa dissertação pretende proporcionar à sociedade, especialmente aos comprometidos com a efetiva proteção aos sujeitos explorados sexualmente, material de apoio que possa auxiliar nas reflexões, debates e programas de erradicação desta forma hedionda de obtenção de prazer e lucro. Entendendo a escola como um espaço privilegiado de informação e formação da identidade sexual que poderá significativamente contribuir na construção da cultura de paz, foram entrevistadas cinco educadoras que desempenham variadas funções em escolas públicas localizadas na periferia de Florianópolis. Foi utilizado como caminho teórico-filosófico-metodológico a fenomenologia, baseada principalmente nas obras de Merleau-Ponty, seguindo os passos básicos do método fenomenológico. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram analisados seguindo os cinco passos de Giorgi, enriquecidos pelo sexto passo proposto por Comiotto. A partir da análise das entrevistas, fluíram três essências, são elas: I - Um olhar para si, no encontro com o outro: A percepção das múltiplas violências sentidas; II - Enfrentamento à exploração sexual: um compromisso de todos; III- A construção de uma cultura de paz: sugestões de enfrentamento à exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes. O trabalho pretende também criar subsídios ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que possibilitem o atendimento psicológico e social às vítimas de exploração sexual comercial e que auxiliem o educador na prevenção e no enfrentamento da exploração sexual .
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Rocha, Luis Fernando. "Ataque sexual infanto-juvenil doméstico : da revelação à responsabilização criminal do agressor /." Assis : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97686.
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Orientador: José Luiz GuimarãesBanca: Oswaldo Peregrina Rodrigues
Banca: Luís Antonio Francisco de Souza
Resumo: O abuso sexual infanto-juvenil constitui-se, há muito tempo, em um fenômeno complexo que ultrapassa os limites dos diversos campos do saber, apresentando-se de forma indiscriminada, em nossa sociedade, independentemente de classe social, etnia e gênero. Por definição, pode ser considerada como toda e qualquer conduta ou manipulação sexual entre adultos e crianças/adolescentes, com a finalidade precípua de estimular ou utilizar sexualmente estes últimos, para obtenção de prazer sexual, sem a necessidade de que haja expedientes violentos, ou força física, por parte do agressor. A ausência/insuficiência de investigações científicas abordando o fenômeno da violência sexual infanto-juvenil doméstica/intrafamiliar, notadamente com enfoque direcionado para a revelação, bem como a experiência profissional que acumulamos, atuando nas áreas criminal, civil e da infância e juventude compõem, entre outras, o quadro de justificativas para esta pesquisa. O objetivo foi caracterizar uma tipologia do fluxo de procedimentos e dos atos normativos (inquéritos policiais e/ou processos judiciais) adotados a partir da revelação do fato, até a finalização do processo de responsabilização do acusado/agressor, com vista a identificar que aspectos (supervalorizações, subjetivações, lacunas, omissões, etc., deliberados, ou não) podem ter sido decisivos para o desfecho dos casos.A pesquisa se deu numa cidade de aproximadamente trinta e cinco mil habitantes, do interior do Estado de São Paulo, abrangendo casos ocorridos no período compreendido entre os anos de 1992 e 2003, utilizando-se como fonte inquéritos policiais e processos arquivados no Fórum da Comarca. Dados os objetivos propostos e as características do objeto de estudo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Child and juvenile sexual abuse has been for ages a complex phenomenon that trespasses the boundaries of our comprehension, occurring indiscriminately in our society regardless economic status, culture, race and gender. By definition, it can be considered any kind of behavior or sexual manipulation between adults and children / adolescents with the aim of stimulating and sexually using the latter, to obtain sexual satisfaction, without the use of violence or physical strength on the part of the perpetrator. The lack of scientific research covering the subject of child and juvenile sexual abuse within the family environment, focusing at the "revelation", as well as the professional experience acquired for the past years working in the criminal and civil areas, child and juvenile areas, among many other facts, justify this research. The aim of this study was to highlight a chain of procedures and the normative rulings (police investigation and/or court suits) adopted from the moment of the "revelation" of the fact itself until the finalization of the process of making the perpetrator responsible for his acts, aiming to identify what aspects ( overvaluations, subjectivities, blanks, omissions , either intentional or not) must have been decisive to the outcome of the cases. The research was conducted in a city of approximately thirty five thousand inhabitants, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, covering cases that happened in the period between the years of 1992 and 2003, using as source police investigation files and law suits filed at the Justice Hall. Due to the proposed objectives of the study, the "quali-quantitative" method was chosen to allow the necessary flexibility to study accurately the collected data from... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Mestre
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Gal, Tali. "Victims to partners : child victims and restorative justice /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061114.100521/index.html.
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Pereira, Rodolfo Santos. "A Violencia letal contra crianças e adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21585.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This scientific paper is the result of a personal – that later became professional – journey that aimed at understanding the reason why teeanged boys and girls kept being murdered in poor suburban neighborhoods in the state of São Paulo. As we could not analyze the lethal violence against children and teenagers in the whole state of São Paulo, we narrowed the objective to understand the reasons why the extermination takes place in the city of São Paulo. The dissertation is organized in three chapters. Chapter 1 is aimed at analyzing historically the development of childhood and adolescence in the Brazilian prism. This chapter has shown evidence of how violations of children and adolescente’s rights along with the lack of social policies aimed at this target group can contribute to the murder of these people. There were countless forms of thoughts and interventions in regards to the social vulnerabilities related to Brazilian childhood and adolescence such as Discipline; Coercion; Baby hatching; boarding school; child's code; Universal Declaration of the Rights of Children and Adolescents; Income distribution policies; Philanthropy; Charity; FEBEN; CASA Foundation; Child and Adolescent Statute; SINASE among many others. After having analyzed the data, the second chapter aimed at checking the lethal violence against children and adolescents in the city of São Paulo. This study addressed lethal violence across all age groups and regions of the country, taking into account all existing sides of this problem. Finally, we have analyzed the data from the 2012 to 2014 PPCAAM / SP management, which showed other profiles of children and adolescents to be exterminated in São Paulo. Only this collected data could support the study, however we believe that for a further research development and depth, interviews were carried out with professionals that work in the program as well as adolescents who have already been threatened with death. The interviews have shown that, according to these teenagers, death is nothing but a detail in communities of São Paulo, especially for those involved with some illicit activity. The popularized thought that "the only good indian is a dead indian understood through a cultural prism relating to thieves in Brazil] also affects children and adolescents. Both interviewees said they felt this in their relationship with the population and the police. According to these professionals, management and fund raising issues hinder the development of the Program, and this lethal violence fiercely attacks adolescence
Este estudo científico é fruto de uma jornada pessoal e posteriormente profissional que intrinsecamente despertava compreender porque meninos e meninas adolescentes eram constantemente assassinados nos bairros e periferias do Estado de São Paulo. Como não conseguiríamos analisar a violência letal contra crianças e adolescentes no Estado inteiro, delimitamos compreender os motivos pelos quais o extermínio ocorre no município de São Paulo. A dissertação foi dividida em três capítulos. O capítulo 1º analisou historicamente o desenvolvimento da infância e adolescência no cenário brasileiro. Este trajeto fez com que tivéssemos uma ideia de como as violações dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes, e a escassez de políticas sociais destinadas ao público podem contribuir para o assassinato destes sujeitos. Foram inúmeras formas de pensamentos e intervenções quanto as vulnerabilidades sociais referentes à infância e adolescência brasileiras. Disciplina; Coerção; Roda dos Expostos; Internato; Código do Menor; Declaração Universal dos Direitos das Crianças e Adolescentes; Assistencialismo; Filantropia; Caridade; FEBEM; Fundação CASA; Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; SINASE, e tantas outras. Com todo o material pesquisado, o segundo Capítulo analisou a violência letal contra crianças e adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo. Este estudo abordou a violência letal em todas as faixas etárias e regiões do país, levando em consideração todas as facetas existentes. Por fim, analisamos os dados da gestão entre 2012 a 2014 do PPCAAM/SP, que mostrou outros perfis de crianças e adolescentes sob risco de serem exterminados em São Paulo. Estes dados por si só já enriqueceriam o estudo, porém acreditamos que para desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais de atuação no programa, e adolescentes que já estiveram ameaçados de morte. As entrevistas mostraram que segundo os adolescentes a morte chega a ser um “mero detalhe” nas comunidades de São Paulo, principalmente para aqueles envolvidos com alguma atividade ilícita. A ideia popular de que “bandido bom é Bandido morto” também atinge crianças e adolescentes. Ambos entrevistados afirmaram sentir isto na relação com a população e a polícia. Na concepção dos profissionais, questões de gestão e financiamento impedem o desenvolvimento do Programa, e a violência letal ataca ferozmente a adolescência
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Bretan, Maria Emilia Accioli Nobre. "Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes mediada pela tecnologia da informação e comunicação: elementos para a prevenção vitimal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-22042013-111456/.
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A Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) é parte elementar da revolução tecnológica sem precedentes que caracteriza a sociedade em rede (Castells) e que vem acompanhada de transformações sociais, culturais e econômicas em diversos níveis. Ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta inegáveis benefícios, como a comunicação sem fronteiras, a revolução tecnológica nos coloca desafios também globais. Dentre esses, se encontra a violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, multifacetada, global e interconectada. Com o uso da TIC cada vez mais disseminado dentre as crianças e adolescentes brasileiras, os riscos de aliciamento e abuso sexual on-line, agrupados na pesquisa na categoria de violência sexual mediada pela TIC, atingem a todas; porém, crianças e adolescentes pertencentes às classes sociais mais baixas são as mais vulneráveis. Aos riscos reais somam-se a sensação de insegurança e o clamor por punição evocado por grande parte da sociedade e estimulado pela mídia. Sob a denominação de luta contra a pedofilia na internet prevalecem no Brasil, medidas de ordem punitiva, como criação de novos tipos penais e aumento de penas. A dinâmica da violência sexual mediada pela TIC, porém, indica o papel essencial que as vítimas desempenham para o sucesso do aliciamento ou do abuso on-line; no entanto, as políticas nacionais de inclusão digital não têm sido acompanhadas pelos necessários investimentos em estratégias de prevenção vitimal. A presente pesquisa, portanto, sistematiza, de forma interdisciplinar, elementos que possam subsidiar estratégias de prevenção vitimal de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes mediada pela TIC. Parte de uma perspectiva dos direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes (com foco nos direitos à participação e ao desenvolvimento) conectada a uma vitimologia que, integrada à criminologia, política criminal e dogmática jurídico-penal (Baratta, Anyiar de Castro), situa-se no paradigma das inter(relações) sociais (Pires) e considera crianças e adolescentes como sujeitos de direitos, mas também se preocupa com as percepções sociais a respeito do crime e do criminoso, razão pela qual é também realizado um estudo das modalidades de violência sexual e de sua atual conformação na lei penal brasileira, com foco na violência sexual mediada pela TIC. A proposta integradora dos elementos estudados parte de um modelo de prevenção multissetorial baseado na ecologia social, com foco no empoderamento de crianças e adolescentes para, em nível de prevenção primária, estimular a adoção de atitudes de prevenção e de auto-cuidado, e, em nível comunitário e social, informar estratégias de prevenção integradas e medidas de prevenção secundária e terciária.The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an elementary part of the unprecedented technological revolution that characterizes the \"network society\" (Castells) and that is accompanied by social, cultural and economic changes at various levels. At the same time it has undeniable benefits, such as communication without borders, the technological revolution also poses global challenges. Among these lies the multifaceted, global and interconnected sexual violence against children and adolescents. With the increasingly widespread use of ICT among Brazilian children and adolescents, the risks of the sexual abuse and grooming online (grouped here within the category of sexual violence mediated by ICT), affect all, but children and adolescents belonging to lower social classes are the most vulnerable. The real risks are increased by feelings of insecurity and the urge for punishment evoked by much of society and encouraged by the media. In the name of fighting against \"pedophilia on the Internet\", punitive measures are prevalent in Brazil, such as the creation of new crimes and increase of criminal penalties. Whyle the dynamics of the sexual violence mediated by ICT points to the essential role that victims play in the success of deception or abuse online, national policies of digital inclusion have not been accompanied by adequate investments in strategies of victimal prevention. This research, therefore, systematizes interdisciplinary elements that may support strategies of victimal prevention of sexual violence against children and adolescents mediated by ICT. The perspective adopted is the one of childrens rights as human rights (focusing on the rights to participation and development) connected to a victimology (Baratta, Anyiar de Castro) that is integrated with criminology, criminal policy and criminal law, within the paradigm of social inter(relations) (Pires). The proposal, therefore, considers children and adolescents as subjects of rights, but also concerns the social perceptions about the \"crime\" and \"criminal\", reason why a study of the forms of sexual violence and its current conformation in the Brazilian criminal law is also carried out, focused in sexual violence mediated by ICT. A review of national and international victimological qualitative and quantitative surveys is included. These elements are integrated based on a multisectoral prevention model (social ecology), focusing on the empowerment of children and adolescents, at the level of primary prevention, to encourage the adoption of prevention attitudes and self-care, and, at community and social levels, to inform prevention strategies and integrated measures of secondary and tertiary prevention.