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Journal articles on the topic 'Children and crime'
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1
Neckles, Carmen. "Children, Health and Crime." Probation Journal 46, no. 3 (September 1999): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455059904600312.
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Rizky, Mutiara Nastya, Risma Intan Fitriani, Muhammad Wahyu Sudibyo, Fatma Ayu Husnasari, and Firmansyah Maulana. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Eksploitasi Seksual Komersial Melalui Media Sosial." Media Iuris 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mi.v2i2.13193.
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Today, the crime rate is increasing, one of the trigger is due to the advances in the field of technology and information. Thus not a few people who use technological advances as a crime media to make money. Most of them use children as objects because children are easily persuaded and seduced to get something. One example of a crime that uses a child as an object is a sexual crime. These children are exploited as sexual disseminators disseminated through social media. Looking at the children's point of view as a weak individual then in Indonesia Law number 35 of 2014 was born to ensure that children can grow and develop optimally. So the law is regulated in detail about the rights of children and protection of children as victims of crime. On the other hand, there are several laws that regulate sexual crimes whether committed in cyberspace or not. Because of the importance of providing protection to children, there is more than one rule of law to protect children as victims of sexual crimes through social media. So the systematic specialist principle should be applied to provide legal certainty against the children. The purpose of this research was to determine the legal protection of children as victims of sexual exploitation through social media and the application of lex specialist systematic principles in the case of children as victims of sexual abuse through social media. To be able to answer existing legal problems, the research method is used with the type of doctrinal research and statute approach and conceptual approach. From this research, it can be obtained the results that in the application of the lex systematic specialist principle is based on case.
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Negara, Arman Sukma. "Diversion As A Crime Solution Towards Child Crime Prepertrator." Ius Poenale 2, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/ip.v2i1.2204.
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Diversion efforts is an alternative solution for the sake of realizing children's interests and protecting the future of children from the destructive effects of imprisonment, which stigmatize criminals in the eyes of the community, but all of these have not been maximally realized because there is a court decision in the Lampung region itself which still applies sanctions punishment as an effective method of providing a deterrent effect on children. Based on this, this research's main problem focuses on implementing diversion for children as a criminal solution for juvenile offenders and whether diversion is an instrument in realizing the best interests of children. This research uses a juridical empirical, and normative juridical approach. The results of the discussion are in this research, namely that in the principle of the best interests of children as a criminal solution for child offenders, diversion is one of the instruments in realizing the best interests of the child considering that diversion instruments for children can improve the child's image from the impression of a criminal. The advice that can be given is that law enforcers should prioritize the principle of the child's best interests in every legal process rather than prioritizing repressive actions that lead to imprisonment sanctions and eliminating children's rights such as protection of their future.
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Živković, Natalija. "Criminal irresponsibility of children: Unpunished crime and possible solutions." Strani pravni zivot, no. 3 (2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz64-27790.
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Children up to 14 years of age are criminally irresponsible, which in fact means that certain crimes go unpunished, while the injured party becomes morally, and depending on the specific case, sometimes materially undamaged. This situation is debatable from the aspect of justice, since due to the tendency of humanity towards children, the interests of the injured party are neglected, as well as the wider social community, so that every crime is "punished". This paper presents current legal solutions in the world regarding the criminal responsibility of children, and examines the reasons for the inability of children to be held criminally liable. The measures of social protection that are taken against children who were not 14 years old at the time of committing the crime and the criminal sanctions that are taken against minors are compared. The position of the injured party in the mentioned situations was also critically indicated. The possibility of criminal liability of parents for the actions of their child was examined. At the end of the paper, in the concluding remarks, suggestions were given to the legislator for solving the problem. Consideration should be given to lowering the limit of criminal responsibility for certain serious crimes, i.e. introducing a rebuttable presumption of non-responsibility / responsibility of children aged 12-14 and in a specific case determine if the child is mature.
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Shablystyi, Volodymyr, Andriy Kovalenko, Anastasiia Hetman, and Roman Kvasha. "Victimological measures to prevent violent offences for gain committed by children." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial II (December 8, 2020): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.35.
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The aim of the article is to be a victimological description of violent crimes for profit by children in Ukraine. The research methodology was based on the equal combination of the legal method, logical and semantic method, comparative method, documentary, test method, classification method, method, and method of system analysis. Among the most notable results of the study were victims who contribute to the commission of crimes for profit and. Everything allows that, the theory of victimological modeling is a logical result of victim thought in criminology, which aims to be the models of the concluding victim of victims of crime crimes, etc.) in order to develop measures that are advised of the victim. The objectives of preventing lost crimes through the development and implementation of long-term state programmed for prevention. The implementation of these laundry programs a mechanism for the effective prevention of victims, the effectiveness of the fight against crime and will ensure safety.
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Timm, Brian J. "Book Review: Children and Crime." Teaching Sociology 48, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x20910259.
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Rader, Nicole E. "Building trust in children." International Review of Victimology 23, no. 1 (October 21, 2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758016672373.
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Previous fear of crime studies have rarely considered how fear of crime is learned or the messengers who teach fear of crime to others. This is especially important with children, who often learn about the world from social influences such as parents and teachers. While some work has been done on children’s fear of crime, this work lacks a consideration of the messages parents give children. Further, this research has been restricted to countries such as the US and England. The current research focuses on a country rarely considered in the fear of crime literature – Sweden. In-depth interviews with 14 parents and 10 children are consulted to determine how parents talk to children about safety and what children hear when receiving such messages. Thus, the interplay between parents and their children in the social learning process of safety precautions are considered.
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Frensh, Wenggedes, and Mahmud Mulyadi. "Criminal policy on cyberbullying toward children." E3S Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 00050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200050.
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Currently, the information and communication technology is experiencing a rapid development. Technological advances also trigger a variety of crimes (cybercrime). Cybercrime is a term that refers to criminal activities using computer and its network. One of the developing cybercrimes today is cyberbullying. The National Conference of State Legislatures describes this crime as an act of harassing and threatening others intentionally and repeatedly. In developed countries, serious efforts have been made to combat cyberbullying. While the awareness of cyberbullying threat as a crime is still low in Indonesia, there is no clear legal rule regarding this crime. This study used the theory of criminal policy and theory of criminal law reform. There are two impacts caused by the absence of the law. First, the difficulty of running a criminal policy. Second, cyberbullying has a psychological impact on victims such as a frustration, a depression, and even a suicidal intention. The result of the research showed that in terms of a penal policy, Indonesia applies the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) No.19 of 2016 in dealing with cyberbullying with cyberharassment type in article 27 paragraph 3 and cyberstalking in article 27 paragraph 4 after comparing with Arkansas code 2012 § 5-71-217. In terms of a non-penal policy, moral approach, technological approach, and media role are used.
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Sofian, Ahmad, Bambang Pratama, and Chiara Talerico. "Weighting Approaches on Online Sexual Abuse of Children: Cultural Prevention or Crime-Based Enforcement?" Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2018.v02.i02.p04.
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Online Child Sexual Exploitation (OCSE) is a form of crime against children that can be reviewed from various perspectives such as criminal law, criminology and culture. This offence is governed in several international legal instruments because perpetrators and victims are often located in different territories or have different nationalities. The Optional Protocol on Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC) is one that provides a reference in combating this crime, but this instrument has the disadvantage of not providing specific guidance in overcoming sexual crimes of children who are in the online sphere. OPSC focuses more on child pornography, whereas OCSE has evolved rapidly enough to give birth to new forms of crime that are not just child pornography. Another weakness can be found in national laws, due to the lack, or limited, response to address the issue. Therefore, a cultural approach is important to prevent and tackle this problem. This paper is aimed to weight the needs to use a Preventive Cultural approach and a Crime-Based Enforcement in addressing Online Sexual Abuse in Indonesia. It is a normative legal research that reads various primary and secondary legal materials. The study recommends that there is a need to use appropriate legal terminology and provide a clear interpretation of the terminology in national law so that these crimes can be quickly addressed. In addition, it also argued that cultural approaches may be used to prevent the occurrence of OSCE by means of involving the community and religious leaders, educating family, as well as raising the awareness of children.
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Agarwal, Smita, and Nishant Kumar. "Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015: A Review." Space and Culture, India 3, no. 3 (March 26, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v3i3.165.
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The aim of this article is to look into the provisions of the newly amended Juvenile Justice Act. The central question which this article looks at whether the article is comprehensive enough to eliminate the possibilities of crime by juveniles as it is based on principle of reformation and rehabilitation of children who are otherwise presumed to be innocent not to commit a crime. It also tries to see if the intention of juveniles involved in crimes can be differentiated from their social surroundings that can help to punish the perpetuators in the former while thinking of remedial measures in the latter.
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Alodia, Delvina, Jesslyn Lie, and Vini Anggreini. "KEJAHATAN PEDOFILIA SEBAGAI PERILAKU MENYIMPANG DAN UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUMNYA." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v2i2.1060.
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Pedophilia is an obsession with children as sex objects. Overt acts, including taking sexual explicit photographs, molesting children, and exposing one's genitalia to children are all crimes. The problem with these crimes is that pedophilia is also treated as a mental illness, and the pedophiles are often released only to repeat the crimes or escalate the activity to the level of murder. This caused for the victims, in this case the children, and their families to feel insecure as there are still chances that the culprit is still targeting them. And there is also the physical and mental trauma that the children suffer as a result of the illicit act. Therefore pedophilia should be addressed seriously as the lives of children are at stake. Many regulations have been created in order to decrease this crime, but with technology’s rapid growth and increase of pedophilia communities that can be found all over the internet, it seems like it would be a long way before the crime could be eradicated completely. Because of that the government along with several other authority figures would occasionally search for sanctions that will hopefully decrease the number of pedophiles.
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Subrahmaniam Saitya, Ida Bagus. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK." VYAVAHARA DUTA 14, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/vd.v14i1.1097.
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<p>Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, affirms that children are a mandate as well as the gift of God the Almighty, which we must always guard because in them the dignity, dignity and rights as human beings must be upheld. Children who are victims of crime are weak people who often cannot protect and help themselves because of their situation and conditions. Crime of sexual violence against children is a crime that uses violence or threats of violence<br />against children so that the child can be controlled for sexual relations. Internal factors causing criminal acts of sexual violence such as the proximity of the perpetrator to the victim, the role of the perpetrator, and the position of the victim. External factors that cause sexual violence crimes, namely environmental influences, such as being far from the crowd, lonely, or closed places that allow perpetrators to commit sexual violence.</p>
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Peguero, Anthony A., Yasmiyn Irizarry, Janice A. Iwama, Jessica L. Dunning-Lozano, Jun Sung Hong, and Sanna King. "Context of Reception and School Violence: Exploring the Nexus of Immigration, Race/Ethnicity, Place, and School Crime." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 7, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 420–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649220980492.
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Of course, ensuring safe environments in the U.S. educational system is paramount. It is also evident, however, inequalities associated with immigration, race/ethnicity, and situational context can impede school safety pursuits. Although prior research has revealed a pattern between “downward” assimilation and increased experiences with student-level violence and disorder for the children of racial/ethnic immigrants (i.e., first- and second-generation), investigations about school-level rates of violence and disorder associated with the context of reception remain uncertain. Our study seeks to contribute to the research about immigration, racial/ethnic inequality, education, and violence by examining the associations between context, school violence, and crime, and the schooling of children of immigrants by drawing on a context of reception conceptual framework to address three research questions. First, is there an association between an increasing proportion of children of immigrants and school crimes (i.e., violence, property damage, and substance use)? Second, are there differences linked to the context of reception (i.e., urban, suburban, town, and rural) in the association between the increasing proportion of children of immigrants and school crime? Third, are there racial/ethnic differences in the association between the increasing proportion of children of immigrants and school crimes in distinct contexts? Findings indicate that the children of racial/ethnic minority immigrants have significantly distinct associations with rates of school violence and crime across all contexts; however, there are important and distinctive nuances that are presented and examined.
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Lisanawati, Go. "What can IT and Money Laundering Law do to Fight against Cyber Child Sexual Crime?" Journal of Social and Development Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i2.844.
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This paper will assess on how technology and anti-money laundering law perspectives can contribute in tackling cyber child sexual crimes. It is normally and classically problem that always emerge in the discussion of law and information technology (IT) is about the increases of crime. But the abnormal and modern problem is about the modernism of crimes with the high-quality level of crime itself. Cyber sexual crime became one of the highest online crimes which conduct through internet. Grooming, voyeurism, cyberstalking, child pornography happens very often in the world. This paper is using normative research methodology of law, by using statute and conceptual approach. The conceptual approach is using to build an ideal concept of prevention and eradication of the crime of online child sexual abuse. This paper is discussed through a qualitative research. The result of this paper is that Information Technology gives contribution in order to present a way out to tackle this problem, for example by giving solution on its surveillance. Other is from the perspectives of law. Money Laundering can assist in tackling online sexual crime toward children, for perpetrator and/or facilitator and/or pther third party who enjoy the illegal gain of this crime.
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Oosterveld, Valerie. "The Special Court for Sierra Leone, Child Soldiers, and Forced Marriage: Providing Clarity or Confusion?" Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 45 (2008): 131–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009309.
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SummaryThis article considers the first two trial, and corresponding first two appeal, judgments issued by the Special Court for Sierra Leone in what are commonly referred to as the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) and Civil Defence Forces (CDF) cases. These judgments are noteworthy for having been the first to adjudicate at the international level the war crime of conscription or enlistment of children under the age of fifteen or using them to participate actively in hostilities and the gender-based crime against humanity of forced marriage. Beginning with the issue of child soldiers, this article explores how the Special Court addressed the applicable elements of crime, the abduction of children, the role of initiation within the act of conscription or enlistment of child soldiers, and the definition of use of children to participate actively in hostilities. The second part of this article discusses how the AFRC judgments addressed the crime against humanity of forced marriage. In comparison, the CDF Trial Chamber avoided consideration of this crime, and the Appeals Chamber’s partial criticism of this approach could not correct the negative silence created within the Special Court’s record of gender-based atrocities by the CDF. The article concludes that the AFRC and CDF judgments raise issues that require further consideration. For example, what is the legal linkage between abductions and child soldier recruitment, and how does one distinguish between active and non-active participation of children under fifteen in hostilities? These judgments also point to the dangers involved in misunderstanding a gender-based crime such as forced marriage solely as a crime of a sexual nature, and the way in which a trial record can be irrevocably altered by the unbalanced exclusion of gender-based crimes.
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Anagonou, L., Houinou Ebo B, F. Adeossi, E. Klikpo, S. Salifou, K. Gbetogbe, Gm Gansou, and Fiossi Kpadonou E. "MINORS ON TRIAL FOR CRIME: VIEW OF THE CHILD PSYCHIATRIST IN JUDICIAL ENVIRONMENT IN BENIN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i1.2020.269.
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The developmental path of the minor may be marked by particular situations such as conflicts with the law, various crimes. The situations, contexts and processes that lead to crime are multiple. Thus, the aim of our research was to study the characteristics of minors judged for crime, seen in a judicial space. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out at the Cotonou First Instance Court. Data were collected from the judicial files of minors tried for crime by the juvenile court ruling on criminal matters from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015; 34 files were taken into account. The respondents were all adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years. The majority of them were tried for homicide (61.7%) and rape (32.4%). For 35.3% of the minors tried for crime, the relationship with opposite sex parent had poor quality. These minors received a firm prison sentence (88.2%), and 11.8% of them were placed in a foster centre without receiving a prison sentence. Crimes committed by minors calls into question our ability to supervise and provide a safe and appropriate framework for the psychological construction of children and adolescents in our society. Measures should be taken in terms of prevention at various levels to reduce the risk of children developing criminal behaviour.
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Djanggih, Hardianto. "THE PHENOMENON OF CYBER CRIMES WHICH IMPACT CHILDREN AS VICTIMS IN INDONESIA." Yuridika 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i2.7536.
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The development of internet nowadays does not only give a positive impact but also gives a negative impact in the form of crime that targets everyone, including children. Cyber crime which impact children as a victim should be handled seriously, this considering the fact that children need to get optimal protection to ensure their growth as the hope of nation. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact on cyber crime that impact children as its victim. This research uses juridical-sociological research method which is analyzed descriptively. The results show that the development of cyber crime that afflicts children as victims every year increases with various forms of development and crime mode. However, the legal protection aimed to reduce such crime is still very weak due to weak legislation, law enforcement performance and cyber security in Indonesia. The research is intended to provide recommendation for the government, law enforcers and the public, so that cyber crime that impact children as victims could be reduced and ensure protection for children.
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Tzokov, Plamen. "PERSONALITIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERPETRATORS OF COMPUTER CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31061845t.
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With increasing technology and moving people to interpersonal relationships with each other, online communication begins to shift the real world and increasingly to virtual communication. Much of the crimes and incitement to child-directed crime begin to turn into online crime. It hides even greater dangers, greater psychological pressure, victimization and harassment on victims than in real contact with them. The attempt to create a psychological profile to identify the personal and behavioral characteristics of cybercriminals against the personality is a central focus of this article. In general, malware distributors have an increased need for recognition, expression and self-assertion. They demonstrate narcissistic attitudes, egocentrism and passive-aggressive self-assertion. Most often, perpetrators show different kinds of obsessions. Malware distributors among children usually reduce their own anxiety, depression and frustration. A distinctive feature is the dehumanization of the victim and the realization of fantastic behavior. Sexual crimes in the Internet on children are sexual sadism and violence against children. Depending on the type of event, they are: "confident in their strength"; "Strong and assertive"; "Angry revenge" and "angry excitement." The perpetrators of this type of crimes are largely self-controlled, impulsive and lacking in social contacts. They lack respect for moral and legal norms.
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Yanto, Oksidelfa, Yoyon M. Darusman, Susanto Susanto, and Aria Dimas Harapan. "Legal Protection of the Rights of the Child Victims in Indonesian Juvenile Criminal Justice System." JURNAL YUSTIKA: MEDIA HUKUM DAN KEADILAN 23, no. 01 (September 10, 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v23i01.2818.
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This research purposes to observe the development of crimes against children in Indonesia. Firstly, will take a closer look toward the importance of child protection in family, school and the environment from violence and crime. Secondly, will evaluate how far the criminal justice system can give protection toward the children as victims of violence and crime. Thirdly, looking at the state responsibility in giving sanctions through the criminal justice system. The method used in this research is juridical-normative by collecting secondary data related to legislation and materials obtained from books, journals, and other relevant materials. The observation result shown that many children are victims of violence. The victimization is basically everywhere, not only at home, but also at school. Violence in schools is not merely physical violence, but also psychological. The responsibility for protecting, educating, and developing children lies in the environment, family, and school. The function of criminal law to fight crimes against children's rights is a major factor in the success of the juvenile criminal justice system.
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Nasreen, Shagufta, and Aliyah Ali. "Causes Of Delinquency Among Children Living In Juvenile Jail (Karachi) & Its Effects On Their Personalities." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2009): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v2i1.361.
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Behaviour of children and adolescents is a growing concern all over the world. Children are future of any country but unfortunately they are the most neglected group in Pakistan. According to statistics, young people (15-24 years) living in Pakistan numbered 36 million in 2004. One of the major problems is children’s involvement in crimes and this issue is becoming very grave. There are different reasons for children’s commitment of crimes. These include poverty, joblessness, as well as thrill and action. In jail, they face difficult time and most of them come out with the stigma of “criminal” which continues to haunt them in their life and affect their personality, family and society at large. The need is to implement the existing laws and identify the reasons of increase in crime and take actions to decrease the rate of crime in this age group.
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Asbei, Muhammad Bayu Masifa, Muhammad Darudin, and Sirman Dahwal. "HOMOSEXUAL CRIME TOWARDS CHILDREN IN BENGKULU PROVINCE VIEWED FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE." Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j_bengkoelenjust.v10i2.13796.
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Homosexual crime behavior on children in Bengkulu province experiences increase every year. Viewed from various religions officially recognized by the state, homosexual behavior categorized as acts that are in contrast to religious values, and Islam condemns such acts. From this background, the problems to be investigated can be formulated as follow: (1) what were the factors causing the occurrence of homosexual crimes on children in Bengkulu province?; (2) what were the criminal sanctions that can be imposed on the subjects of homosexual crimes against children in terms of Islamic law?. To answer these problems, it was used empirical juridical research method. The type of this research was descriptive. Data sources used were primary and secondary data. Data processing was done by editing method, then a qualitative analysis was performed by using the inductive-deductive method. The results showed that (1) the occurrence of homosexual crime on children was caused by factors of: social environment, pornography, and lack of family communication. (2) there were three opinions of fiqh scholars in determining criminal sanctions that can be imposed on homosexual offenders: the first opinion statesthat homosexual offenders shall be sentenced to death; the second opinionstipulates that homosexual offenders are sentenced as adultery. If he is a bikr (unmarried man) then his sentence is to be flogged and exiled from his country.While those who are muhsan (had been married), then he is punished by stoning. The thirdopinion stipulates that homosexual perpetrators must be given legal sanctions in the form ofta'zir, that is a kind of punishment which is aimed at educative and preventive in which theseverity is determined by the judge. This Islamic criminal sanctions are heavier than positivelaw, so they can create a deterrent effect, and reduce the number of sexual crimes on children.
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Putu Ayu Dewi, Ida Monika. "PERSEFEKTIF IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING CRIME LAW NUMBER 39 OF 1999 ON HUMAN RIGHTS CASE AGAINST CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MEDAN." Ganesha Civic Education Journal 2, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/gancej.v2i1.95.
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Laws are the norms that govern all human actions that can be done and should not be carried out both written and unwritten and have sanctions, so that the entry into force of these rules can be forced or coercive and binding for all the people of Indonesia. The most obvious form of manifestation of legal sanctions appear in criminal law. In criminal law there are various forms of crimes and violations, one of the crimes listed in the criminal law, namely the crime of Human Trafficking is often perpetrated against women and children. Human Trafficking is any act of trafficking offenders that contains one or more acts, the recruitment, transportation between regions and countries, alienation, departure, reception. With the threat of the use of verbal and physical abuse, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of a position of vulnerability, example when a person has no other choice, isolated, drug dependence, forest traps, and others, giving or receiving of payments or benefits women and children used for the purpose of prostitution and sexual exploitation. These crimes often involving women and children into slavery. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery and is one of the worst forms of violation of human dignity (Public Company Act No. 21 of 2007, on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons). Crime human trafficking crime has been agreed by the international community as a form of human rights violation.
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Hung, Jason. "Internal Migration in Chinese Cities: An Exploration of Youths’ Experiences of Delinquency." Asian Social Science 16, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n2p1.
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Introduction. In China, urban police tend to arrest and interrogate internal migrants when crimes occur, as they believe migrant cohorts are the main cause of crime. Detecting risk factors in migrant children's delinquency is necessary in order to allow authorities to limit the scope of crime.
Methods. This essay explores studies from Chicago School of Criminology, in additional to other relevant western criminological literature. This essay investigates how poor living conditions, undue levels of fear of crime, deficiency in the formation of social bonds, lack of informal control at home and school, and development of social strain are associated with migrant children's delinquency in China.
Findings. Socioeconomic challenges drive migrant children to delinquency. Migrant children are subject to discrimination and exclusion at school and public spaces, in addition to segregation residentially. The unfair treatment they receive contributes to their inability to develop a metropolitan social bonds and trust. Similarly, migrant parents are victimised by social discrimination, exploitation and exclusion, minimising their opportunities to exercise positive parenting. Their economic hardships impede migrant cohorts from alleviating poverty and increasing community engagement. Local urbanites' fear of crime against migrant cohorts fosters mutual misunderstanding, mistrust and conflicts. Social tension and fear of crime reinforce local urban residents' segregation and discrimination against internal migrants.
Conclusions. Migrant children may demonstrate a higher propensity of delinquency than local counterparts. However, more attention should be given to their victimisation as a result of economic hardships and social inequalities, in order to effectively exercise crime control in Chinese cities.
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Sirait, Trinita Yulinda, and Irma Cahyaningtyas. "RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH IN THE SETTLEMENT OF CHILDREN’S CASES IN INDONESIA." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 27, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v27i2.10160.
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Restorative justice is a way to resolve criminal cases involving the community, victims, and perpetrators of crime to achieve justice for all parties so that it is expected to create the same conditions as before the crime and prevent further crime. However, implementation is often overlooked in children who commit crimes. The research method used in this study is the normative legal research method with the legislation approach and conceptual approach. This research shows the case of children before the law (ABH) brought in the judicial process must always prioritize the principle of the best interests of children, and the process of punishment is a last resort. Cases can be resolved through informal mechanisms based on standard guidelines. This form of informal handling can be done by diversion through a mediation process facilitated by law enforcement at every level to achieve restorative justice through diversion. Thus, the core of restorative justice is healing, moral learning, community participation and attention, dialogue, forgiveness, responsibility and making changes, all of which are guidelines for the recovery process in the perspective of restorative justice.
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Heinonen, Anna. "Balancing Between Social Work and Prosecution." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2014): 281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-22032050.
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Disciplinary violence is a type of a crime that still is not always perceived as a crime and perceptions of the severity and ‘educational’ nature of the acts still may affect authority decision making. This is not indifferent as pre-trial investigation carried out by the police has a crucial impact on how suspicions of crime proceed in the criminal process, especially when it comes to suspicions of violence against children. During pre-trial investigation, the police affect what kind of a case is being ‘constructed’ as a crime and, thus, affect what we perceive as a crime. This process of ‘defining’ what constitutes a crime is very meaningful especially when considering crimes like disciplinary violence that have not traditionally been considered as forbidden. Based on Finnish reports of crime to the police and pre-trial investigation documents from the year 2011, this research examines, first, what kind of typical suspicions of disciplinary violence come to the attention of the police and, second, how these suspicions have proceeded. The analysis shows that a typical suspicion of disciplinary violence is reported to the police by a social worker or the other parent, and that slightly less than two-thirds of the cases had been sent to a prosecutor. However, from the point of view of due process and equal treatment of children, the analysis yields alarming findings in the sense of very diverse policies of police departments and individual investigators in dealing with suspicions of disciplinary violence.
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Kunts, E. V. "TEENAGE CRIME: CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PENITENTIARY ASPECTS." Issues of Law 20, no. 2 (2020): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/pro-prava200211.
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The complexity of socio-psychological processes, general instability, and the moral crisis of society — all this negatively affects society as a whole, including adolescents. Family woes, parents’ asocial behavior, and lack of control over children lead to crimes committed by adolescents. There has been an increase in school crime among both female and male minors. The above circumstances indicate the existence of the problem of prevention of juvenile delinquency, including in prisons
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Kartono, Kartono, and Aji Mulyana. "The Implementation of Chemical Castration Penalties towards Paedophilia Crime Perpetrators." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v13no4.1683.
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Sexual crime (rape) is one of the crimes that are very disturbing to the community, and its development is increasingly diverse either in the motives, nature, the form, the intensity and the modus operandi. The concerning situation is that a castration or castration law is expected to encouraging perpetrators of child sexual violence to lose their desire to repeat their crime. This research will explain how the implementation of chemical castration against sexual offenders on children (paedophilia) and how the application of castration penalties after the purpose of Indonesian crimes. The implementation of the imposition of the chemical castration sentence seems to be considered as an answer to the high public demand for severe punishment for the perpetrators. The existing rules of criminal law and child protection have never been implemented optimally. The Act of sexual assault on a child brings harmful impacts against physical and psychology to the victim, which became an obstacle for law enforcement officers to know or detect victims of sexual violence against children.
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Kipane, Aldona. "Criminological characteristics of sexual violence." SHS Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185101010.
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The aim of the current article is to analyse the criminological aspect of sexual violence. Nowadays sexual assault has become a major social issue in many contemporary cultures. Sexual violence is a complex interdisciplinary issue, which includes several aspects psychological, judicial, medical, and other aspects. Sexual crime is an urgent problem with a high level of latency, most part of such crimes are not reported in crime statistics. Particularly, sexual violence against children is a serious problem for Latvia and the world. At present, there is a sharp increase in such crimes as a human trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation; as well as the number of sexual crimes against boys is rising. Expansion of criminal activity in the cyberspace has also increased.
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Haq, Islamul, M. Ali Rusdi Bedong, and Abdul Syatar. "Effect Of Young Age in Murder Felony (Comparative Study Between Islamic Jurisprudence and Indonesian Law)." Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/al-ahkam.v3i2.1343.
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This research was a comparative study on the effect of young age in the crime of murder between Islamic jurisprudence and Indonesian law. The presence of children around us needs attention, especially with regard to their behavior, which is out of control. the phenomenon of their deviation is one of the negative social phenomenon which required protection, guidance and education. According to previous studies, children who deviated and were not controlled would become a criminal when he reaches adulthood. Nowadays, the children's delinquency is widely spread, they are involved in committing crimes such as drugs, theft, fighting, and increased to murder. This research will focus on the murder committed by under age children, because murder is a very dangerous crime to the indivdual life and is one of the law violation againts the five principles of shariah (daruriyat al khamsah).
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Hasin, Abu. "PERSPEKTIF HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA TERHADAP ANAK YANG MENJADI KORBAN PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA." Negara dan Keadilan 9, no. 2 (August 2, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukum.v9i2.7387.
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Perspektif yuridis terhadap anak yang menjadi korban kejahatan perdagangan manusia sudah banyak norma yuridis yang dibuat negara yang secara fundamental mengaturnya, bahwa tindak pidana atau kejahatan memperdagangkan anak sudah jelas-jelas sebagai perbuatan yang berbentuk melanggar norma hukum pidana. Dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia (HAM) terhadap anak yang menjadi korban kejahatan perdagangan manusia adalah berkaitan dengan masalah hak-hak anak, baik yang diatur dalam instrumen HAM internasional seperti UDHR, Kovenan Hak Anak, hingga produk yuridis Indonesia.Kata kunci: anak, hak asasi manusia, hukum, korban Juridical perspective on children who are victims of human trafficking crimes has many juridical norms made by the state that fundamentally regulate them, that criminal acts or the crime of trafficking in children are clearly acts that violate criminal law norms. In the perspective of human rights (HAM) against children who are victims of human trafficking crimes is related to the issue of children's rights, both regulated in international human rights instruments such as the UDHR, the Covenant on Childrens Rights, to Indonesian juridical products.Keywords: children, human rights, law,
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Berry, Marianne, Toni Johnson, Margaret Severson, and Judy L. Postmus. "Wives and Mothers at Risk: The Role of Marital and Maternal Status in Criminal Activity and Incarceration." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 90, no. 3 (July 2009): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3891.
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As the numbers of women entering prison are increasing, more attention is being paid to the social circumstances of criminally involved women. Crime research has highlighted the familial roles of women more than men, focusing on the social and personal roles of women. This study examines a cross-sectional sample of 423 women in one state, assessing the associations of motherhood and intimate partnership with criminal activity. The study finds that criminal activity, particularly economic crime, is highly related to motherhood. Economic crime is predicted by having a higher number of young children, while both economic and violent crimes are predicted by a woman's history of victimization; marriage does not reduce these risks.
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Sulistyo, Edhei, and Pujiyono Pujiyono. "Restorative Justice as a Resolution for the Crime of Rape with Child Perpetrators." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (April 30, 2021): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.69.
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A child who commits a criminal act can be called a child in conflict with the law. One of the crimes committed by children was rape, which involved elementary and junior high school children in Probolinggo; they reportedly raped a high school student until they became pregnant. Sexual crimes against children occur in Southeast Asian countries, such as the Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to review restorative justice as an effort to resolve the criminal act of rape with child perpetrators. The research method used is normative juridical research, with the approach of laws and concepts and collecting primary legal material in the form of existing cases. This study found that the restorative justice process in juvenile crime is essential because there are essential things to focus on the regulation that requires the active role of the community, perpetrators, and victims of crime, including the affected community, in the restorative justice process. A fundamental balancing approach must also be taken, namely, first, imposing sanctions based on responsibility for recovering victims' losses as a consequence of criminal acts; second, rehabilitation and reintegration of actors; and third, strengthening community safety and security systems.
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Kantemirova, Galina. "Incomplete family as a factor of crime in adolescents and youth." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185502020.
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This work is devoted to one of the most important problems of our time, the problem of juvenile delinquency. The study of juvenile delinquency now has a special significance, since in many regions of our country the percentage of crimes committed by adolescents and young people is quite large, the crime rate is on the rise. The article aims to address the problem and the causes of crime. The publication touches on the topic of crime in the youth and adolescent families. Particular attention is paid by the author to the fact that the family is the main factor in the upbringing and socialization of children. Considerable attention is paid to an incomplete family, as a factor and a source of increased criminality. It is important not only to find out what are the causes of the increase in crime in adolescents and youth, but also to understand which preventive measures are the most effective one in combating crime.
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Indriati, N., Wismaningsih a, and Danial b. "SEXUAL SLAVERY OF CHILDREN AS A WAR CRIME IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11949.
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Child is a creature from God Almighty who needs to be protected by self-esteem and his dignity and is guaranteed for the right of his life to grow and develop according to his natural fate. Any form of treatment that interferes and impairs the fundamental rights in various forms of unauthorized utilization and exploitation must be discontinued without exception.This is a normative juridical research. The method of the research is statute approaches, that is analyzing sexual slavery in children as war crime, because many cases of completion can be done through international criminal court.The results showed that child is vulnerable to any crime of its form at his ag, and one of the war crimes is child sexual slavery, which are not a few children became victims. In international criminal law is known the term of individual responsibility, which means that the perpetrators of criminals either commander or soldier can be tried in the International Criminal Court established by Rome Statuteof 1998.
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Pamuncak, Aristya Windiana. "PUNISHMENT FOR THE EXTRAORDINARY CRIME PERPETRATOR ON CHILDREN ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION IN INDONESIA COMPARISON OF LAW IN AUSTRALIA, SENEGAL AND ENGLAND." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7315.
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Purpose of Study: Child exploitation and slavery have become a new phenomenon of global crime because it occurred in every part of the world. The exploitation of infants and children in our public perception is underestimated because of cases subject to prosecution only mild and included unusual punishment.
Methodology: This research was normative, in analyzing phenomena that occur in society, the authors attempted to answer some of the problems of the rule of positive law in Indonesia in solving the problems of exploitation of children, how to tackle the exploitation of children by other countries, and recommendations to resolve the problems of exploitation against children.
Results: Exploitation crimes against children or slavery more appropriately included as an extraordinary crime committed against children, because such measures will not only affect the physical and psychological health but also will greatly affect the future of children and the future of a nation.
Implications/Applications: Comparative law between the State of Australia, Senegal, and England, can be recommended for the legislature to make the formulation of regulations on the handling of the exploitation of children more effectively and quickly.
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WELSH, BRANDON C., and DAVID P. FARRINGTON. "SAVE CHILDREN FROM A LIFE OF CRIME." Criminology & Public Policy 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2007): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00465.x.
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Andreev, G. L. "The Little Golden Calf [Zolotoy telyonok] and crime reports of the late 1920s." Voprosy literatury, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2021-2-257-263.
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The article discusses possible inspiration behind I. Ilf and E. Petrov's novel The Little Golden Calf [Zolotoy telyonok] (1931): newspaper crime reports appearing in the late 1920s. The author points out parallels between the book's characters (Ostap Bender, Shura Balaganov, and Aleksandr Ivanovich Koreyko) and the real heroes of crime news. The article describes the adventures of an Aleksandr Serbin, who crossed the USSR from Odessa to Vladivostok alternately posing as a Brazilian industrial worker and a son of the Brazilian consul in China. All the while, Serbin seems to have been closely imitating the novel's plotline of the Lieutenant Schmidt's children. He enjoys free accommodation in hotels and receives payments from various local Soviet authorities. Interestingly, Serbin chronicles his adventures in letters to his girlfriend, thus immediately evoking another literary character — Khlestakov in Gogol's The Government Inspector [Revizor]. The article also draws analogies between crimes that took place in the Crimea in 1928 and the wealth accumulation schemes adopted by yet another of the book's characters, Koreyko.
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Crema, Stefania. "Il reato di abuso dei mezzi di correzione e sua applicazione." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 3 (September 2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-003013.
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- In the context of chapter IV, crimes against the family assistance, the Penal Code provides, ex art. 571, the crime of abuse of means of correction or discipline. This rule differs from the crime of ill-treatment ex art. 572: these acts are moves by the desire to inflict suffering, while in the case of art. 571 the offender has the intention and the purpose of correct and educate the children adopting excessive and sometimes violent methods, not necessary to the purpose of education. The conduct is criminally punishable if it results to the children a disease in the body or mind from the abuse of these means of correction or discipline. Most frequent cases of reports for abuse of means of correction are happened into the family or in the school.Keywords: abuse, education, children, means of correction.Parole chiave: abuso, educazione, minori, mezzi di correzione
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Komariah, Mamay. "IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 59 AYAT (2) HURUF J UNDANG -UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DI KOTA BANJAR." SUPREMASI HUKUM 17, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v17i1.1167.
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Child victims of sexual abuse who have traumatic impacts who serve child victims of violence that are so profound and difficult to cure. Psychological trauma to children who are victims of sexual crimes is difficult to remove from the child's memory, especially if the perpetrator is still and lives not far from the environment of the child, the victim who commits a crime in a crime. The importance of the victim's main concern in discussing crimes caused by the victim often has a very important role in the occurrence of a crime.
The method used by compilers in this research is descriptive analysis, namely how to solve problems or answer problems that are tracing the road, classification, analysis, the data displayed with the aim of making a picture of an objective situation. Compilers also use a normative juridical approach, namely legal research that prioritizes researching library materials or what is called secondary data material.
Implementation of Article 59 Paragraph (2) Letter J Law Number 35 Year 2014 Amendments to Law Number 23 Year 2002 Regarding Protection in the City of Banjar Has not been implemented optimally because it is still the infrastructure, budget and human resources who are experts in children specifically, therefore The government should add psychologists and psychiatrists to rehabilitate child victims of sexual abuse committed by the presence of the social service and the P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for Women and Children) to carry out rehabilitation only to provide motivation and visits to families but still not maximally because one is functionally responsible for protection against child victims of sexual crimes crimes.
It is hoped that the government can provide maximum rehabilitation for children who are victims of criminal acts because it is an obligation of the government. protection of the community and increasing human resources such as psychology and psychiatrists to provide rehabilitation services for child victims of abuse.
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Morgan, Jane, and Lucia Zedner. "Researching Child Victims — Some Methodological Difficulties." International Review of Victimology 2, no. 4 (September 1993): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809300200402.
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Research into child victims has been overshadowed by concern about the physical and sexual abuse of children. Children who are victims of other crimes have difficulty in attaining ‘victim status’ and have been overlooked by academics and policy makers. ‘Indirect child victims’, affected by witnessing or living with the impact of crimes against others, are more hidden still even though their experience may be no less serious. This article addresses conceptual, ethical, and methodological difficulties encountered in identifying child victims for the purposes of research in carrying out interviews with children and their families and, finally, in assessing the impact of crime upon them.
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Wu, Shan Shan. "Research of Children's Activity Space Design Based on CPTED." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6449.
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Designing out Crime is an increasingly fashionable crime prevention approach. This paper discusses the concept of crime prevention through environmental design, and how such ideas can be utilized in relation to children's activity space. Based on the children’s requirement of safety, this study analyzes the residential areas, shopping mall, schools and parks where children have frequent outdoor activities, and give some suggestion about activity space design to reduce crime to children.
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Hayati, Zulva. "How Parents Involved in Their Children’s Trial? A Book Review ‘Peranan Orang Tua dalam Proses Persidangan Tindak Pidana Perjudian yang Dilakukan oleh Anak’, Lanka Asmar, 2017, CV Mandar Maju, Bandung, 181 Pages, ISBN: 978-979-538-460-1." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v1i2.34773.
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The role of parents in a Juvenile Court can influence a judge's decision about a criminal penalty that dropped on to a childrens that done a gambling crime. Focus on the description of a gambling crime, children age, and criminal penalty that given to a children, and the rights of children as a defendant. The book of ‘Peranan Orang Tua Dalam Proses Persidangan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak’ presents how parents deal with children who are dealing with the law and how the role of law enforcers, especially child judges, response to the presence of parents in the proceedings of children. The author will describe the factors that cause children's involvement in gambling cases, the importance of the role of parents in this case, and the judge's decision on the case that has occurred.
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Walle, Vande. "Supporting children: Victims of crime, within victim support." Temida 7, no. 3 (2004): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0403009w.
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All too often, the victimization of children is automatically associated with child abuse and sexual abuse. However, children are also confronted, either directly or indirectly, with other kinds of criminality. In spite of that children usually do not get appropriate support and assistance. In this paper, the establishment and development of services for the support of children-victims of crime in Belgium, as well as European cooperation in this regard, are described.
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Goodey, Jo. "Fear of Crime: What Can Children Tell Us?" International Review of Victimology 3, no. 3 (September 1994): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809400300302.
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This paper attempts to re-address a number of issues raised in debates on fear of crime, and in particular women’s fear of crime, with the argument for research of a much neglected section of the population, children. It is argued that gendered socialisation practices are crucial during the adolescent years with the emergence of the individual as ‘sexual being’, so leading to differential fear of crime between the sexes. Developmental fear processes are postulated and related to existing theories on global gender constructs and the notion of fear. Evidence is elicited from adult victimisation surveys, and from current research on adolescents. Future research directions and policy implications are examined.
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Grey, Rosemary. "Interpreting International Crimes from a ‘Female Perspective’: Opportunities and Challenges for the International Criminal Court." International Criminal Law Review 17, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01702009.
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What would it mean for the International Criminal Court (icc) to interpret the crimes within its jurisdiction without “adverse distinction” on the grounds of gender? Would it simply mean recognising that these crimes may be committed against men, women, boys and girls; or would it require a deeper rethinking of, and perhaps a departure from, conventional interpretations of these crimes? This article explores this question, using the crime against humanity of “apartheid” and the war crime of “using children in hostilities” as examples. The article takes into account legal sources, such as relevant treaties and judicial decisions, as well as empirical research that throw the reality of violence against women and girls into sharp relief. It is hoped that this exploration will lead to further discussion about gender discrimination in the interpretation of the Rome Statute crimes, and contribute to the development of a “feminist jurisprudence” in international criminal law.
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Evans, Ieuan, Jon Heron, Joseph Murray, Matthew Hickman, and Gemma Hammerton. "The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073509.
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Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.
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Widjajanti, Ermania, and Rusmilawati Windari. "Economic Approach to Combat Violence Against Children in Indonesia." SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185408013.
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The current problem of crime countermeasure should be viewed not only as a mere juridical-normative problem, but also cover other areas of life. Aside from being a violation of human rights, the existence of these sanctions are not more than a state shortcut because the conventional sanctions function less optimally. Proportionality of the costs expended compared with the benefits gained is important to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of how crime is overcome. Nowadays, violence against children, a crucial problem for Indonesia, requires countermeasures that are not only effective but also efficient, it is necessary for an economic approach to estimate potential costs of violence against children, therefore it can be a source of information for policy makers or authorities in order to protect children from all forms of violence. It is a reasonable demand if crime countermeasure in the era of globalization does not only empower the strength of the normative aspects of legislation an sich, but it also needs to involve economic considerations in it. The legal issues examined in this article are the urgency of cost analysis as a policy to overcome the crime of violence against children
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Hanauer, M. C., I. Grasel, and V. S. F. Madureira. "Violence against children/adolescents west of Santa Catarina." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13920201113.
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To characterize violence practiced against children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Catarina. Exploratory-descriptive quantitative study, developed in a municipality in the west of Santa Catarina, from November 2011 to November 2012, collected data on the cases of violence filed at the Forum of the District of this municipality, totaling 1774 cases. Of the total analysis, 5% refers to violence against children and adolescents, sex crimes 25% female, offer / sell alcoholic beverages stood out age group of 11-15 years, aggressors highlighted male subjects 15-19 years, low level of schooling and no relationship to the victim, place of crime resided the victim's residence and as to the outcome most crimes were filed. Violence often goes unnoticed in the eyes of society, leaving the victims unprotected. Within this expectation it can be evidenced that any type of violence has damages in the healthy development of children and adolescents, damaging periods of life that require more attention.
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Prasetiyo, Bagus Langgeng, Gunarto Gunarto, and Munsharif Abdul Chalim. "Analysis of State Court Of Batang Decision Number: 4 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / Pn Btg on Felony Obscenity Crime Based On Islamic Criminal Law." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8352.
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In the case of sexual crimes where the child victim, the victim could be the driving factors behind crime. For example, we say today is increasingly widespread promiscuity, children have been left free in terms of promiscuity and lack of supervision of their parents, the They were released along with others, go anywhere. So, with their innocence, they could be trapped in one association and exploited by the parties or adults who are not responsible. In such circumstances, the public, law enforcement officers and even a State shall be estimated on the protection and supervision of children, especially where children as crime victims of sexual crimes indeed very concerned and could undermine future portion of the prospective successor to the nation.Therefore, the authors are interested in writing this thesis titled "Analysis of State Court of Batang Decision No. 4 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / PN Btg About felony obscenity According to Islamic Criminal Law".In this study the authors use this type of research descriptive with normative juridical approach. Data were collected by literature study, observation and interviews. Methods of qualitative analysis.At the end of the study authors conclude that the author found consideration of the judge in the imposition of a criminal judgment against the defendant in Decision No. 4 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / PN.Btg compliance, that have noticed the elements of the criminal case, after seeing the Islamic law according to the author was still lacking and not worth the Hadd punishment. So the result rather than the judge's decision according to the author can not be unfair to the accused and the victim.Keywords: Juridical Studies; Felony Obscenity Crime; Islamic Criminal Law
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Ermania Widjajantin and Rusmilawati Windari. "PEDOPHILIA AS A FORM OF SEXUAL DEVIANCE FROM A SOCIAL BONDS THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE." IIUM Law Journal 29, (S1) (May 12, 2021): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i(s1).641.
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Sexual crimes have seen a considerably increase in Indonesia. It not only affects women but also children. Sexual crime against children is also known as “pedophilia” and has now become a terrifying phenomenon. The escalation of sexual crime against children in Indonesia shows that there is a dire need to look into possible prevention strategies to sexual crime prevention. Considering the rapid increase of case of pedophilia in Indonesia, the government has enacted more severe punisment to the offender, that is, by imposing chemical castration under the Law No. 17 Year 2016 on the second amendment of the Law No. 23 Year 2002 on child protection. This article examines the causal factors of pedophilia by employing the social bonds theory introduced by Travis Hirschi. The primary premise of this theory states that deliquency comes up when social bonds tend to be fragile or not unavailable, or in other words, the stronger there bonds, the less likelihood of delinquency. Hirschi also mentioned four social bonds that push up socialization and conformity in society, those are: attachment, commitment, involvement, dan belief. Finally, the problems raised in this article is how does pedophilia in perspective of social bonds theory?. This article is a legal research with normative approach. It is geared to look phaedophilia as a sexual deviance in perspective of social bonds theory.