Relevant bibliographies by topics / Children born outside marriage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Children born outside marriage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Children born outside marriage"

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Pohan, Masitah. "Legal Review of the Recognition of Outsidered Children Based on the Book of Civil Law." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 2193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1911.

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Legal review due to the recognition of out-of-wedlock children based on the Civil Code, where it is known that a child is a gift from God Almighty and if the child is born outside the marriage between a boy and a girl without acknowledgment by the parents, the child is not will have a legal relationship with his parents. This research is motivated by the importance of recognizing children born outside of marriage. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal consequences of an out-of-wedlock child if they received recognition from their parents, and to determine the impact on the outside child if they did not receive recognition. The research method used is normative legal research through literature study and using an analytical approach. Based on the results of the research, it is understood that children outside of marriage are children born outside of legal marriages, so with the recognition made by the parents, there will be a civil relationship between the child and the father and mother (Article 280 of the Civil Code).
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Sabrina, Nahdiya, Thohir Luth, Masruchin Rubai, and Nurini Aprilianda. "Discrimination against Children Born Outside of Marriage in Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 9 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i9.1930.

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The protection of Indonesian children as the nation's next-generation that is free from discrimination has not been fully implemented, it is evident in our society that there are still many children who do not get enough attention in protecting and fulfilling their rights. Children born out of wedlock are sometimes not recognized and neglected by their biological father. Unlike legitimate children whose rights are guaranteed and there are sanctions if these rights are not fulfilled by the father, for children born outside of marriage there is no penalty if the biological father neglects them. The method used in this research is the normative legal research method. This paper discusses the conditions of children born outside of marriage in Indonesia, discrimination against children born outside of marriage in Indonesia, and expectations for children born outside of marriage in Indonesia. Currently, there are no laws and regulations that state sanctions if the biological father does not want to be responsible for the birth of this child. This is certainly not in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28D paragraph (1) which reads: “Everyone has the right to recognition, guarantee, protection and legal certainty that is just and equal treatment before the law.
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Cok Gede Mega Putra. "Civil Relationship of Children Born without Marriage with Biological Father based on Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010." NOTARIIL Jurnal Kenotariatan 5, no. 2 (2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jn.v5i2.2585.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the civil relationship between the children born without marriage with his biological father and the arrangement about the civil relationship between the children whose mothers did not have marriage. This study is a normative juridical which is the approach used in this is is the statute approach, the case approach, and the conceptual approach. The legal material comes from document studies. This study is analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study showed that the children born outside marriage initially have only a civil relationship with their mother and mother's family according to Article 43 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage on what is meant by a child outside of marriage but with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/ 2010, then a child born outside marriage can have a civil relationship with father and his father's family. The father and mother have rights and obligations to the born, even if the child is born outside of marriage. In this study, it can be concluded that children born without marriage have civil relations with their biological father as stipulated in Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010. The arrangement of civic relationships between children whose mothers are not married as in Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, but by Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, the child has a civil relationship with his mother and father.
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Hamzani, Achmad Irwan. "Nasab Anak Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010." Jurnal Konstitusi 12, no. 1 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1214.

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Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 granted the petition Machica Mochtar, who is married with Moerdiono the Islamic religion in accordance, but not recorded. If the marriage was born a boy named Mohammed Iqbal Ramadan. After the decision of the Court, the status of illegitimate children has a civil relationship with his father and his father’s family. Child outside marriage include children born of the marriage legitimate religion, but not recorded, and the children born from adultery. According to Islamic law, the Constitutional Court’s decision is appropriate when applied to the child of a valid marriage according to religious but not registered. Meanwhile, when applied to children outside marriage, adultery result, the Court’s decision is contrary to Islamic law.
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Rofi'atun, Rofi'atun, Akhmad Khisni, and Rozihan Rozihan. "Civil Rights Of Children Outside Married Due Isbat Nikah Of Polygamy (Analysis of Islamic Court of Rembang Decision No. 99 / Pdt.G / 2018 / PA.Rbg.)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8377.

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This study discusses the civil rights of children outside the mating due to confirmation of marriage polygamy, Problems taken author in this thesis is how the legal protection of children outside marriage related his civil rights especially on custody of marriage and inheritance rights to men as fathers biological, because the Indonesian Constitution the Act of 1945 and other regulations related to children's rights requires such a case, article 28 B (2) the result of amendments to the Act of 1945 states "Every child has the right to live, grow and develop and is entitled to protection from violence and discrimination, as well as the norms of Islamic law every child born in the holy predicate attached to him (Fitrah), so that the civil rights of Islam also guaranteed, regardless of whether the child was born out of and / or as a result of a legal marriage or a result of Sirri Marriage.The research method used by writer is a normative juridical approach where the study was conducted based on legal materials main by way of studying the theories, concepts, principles of law, rule of law, court decisions and legislation relating to this study.The results showed that based on the decision number: 99 / Pdt.G / 2018 / PA.Rbg, in the case of confirmation polygamous marriage, civil rights children outside marriage (polygamy) or Sirri equal to the rights of children born and / or result polygamous marriage is official, so that the legal rights of children outside marriage in the decision on child custody and inheritance rights equal to other biological children were born of the first marriage. thus based on the decision of the civil rights of children protected by law, to get justice, and the certainty of the status and civil rights.Keywords: Civil Rights of Children Outside Marriage; Sirri Polygamy; Rights of Guardianship And Inheritance.
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Turner, J. Neville. "A Campaign to Reduce Ex-Nuptial Births?" Children Australia 12, no. 1 (1987): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000014053.

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No-one is a greater admirer of the tennis ability of Pat Cash that I. He virtually won the Davis Cup off his own racquet. And he and Stephan Edberg provided me and the other spectators at Kooyong with a marvellous final in the Australian Open.It is, however, with some concern that I have seen pictures of him, his girl-friend and his son, glamourising him as a father. For the fact is, his son can potentially still suffer discrimination being born outside marriage.As a successful sportsman, his Influence on young people is potentially enormous. If his example gives respectability to the production of children outside marriage, it will be doing great harm. For the fact is that children born outside marriage still suffer considerable legal and social disadvantages, compared to those born within marriage. They are innocent, but they suffer. And, I regret to say, although some of the discrimination can be, and should be, removed, it is unrealistic to expect that they can be placed on an equal standing with children born in marriage.
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Muhibbin, Mohammad. "OBLIGATORY WILLS FOR ADOPTED CHILDREN, CHILDREN OF UNMARRIED COUPLES, AND CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS." Al-Risalah 18, no. 2 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/al-risalah.v18i2.151.

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In the perspective of Islamic law, the realization of obligatory wills is along with Islamic insight as a religion which focuses on realizing such realization from the principal of justice and a form of love among human being. This passion which has been created in one family can be realized by the giving of some part of the inheritance through obligatory wills to obstructed people being (heirs), both obstructed as adopted, born outside of legal marriage or children of different religions. All of those are meant for kindness, harmony and to avoid conflicts in the world which give big impact for creating harmony and peaceful family. This research was analysis the application of obligatory testaments to adopted children, legitimate children that born outside of marriage and children of different religions. Analysis has been reviewed according to fiqh’s view, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and practice in the Religious Courts.
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Nazla, Nazla. "PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN YANG MENGATUR TANGGUNG JAWAB TERHADAP ANAK LUAR KAWIN DALAM PERSPEKTlF HUKUM ISLAM: ANALISIS AKTA PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 37, no. 1 (2007): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol37.no1.145.

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AbstrakThe children whom born outside of marriage can become trustworthiness ofhis /her mother's husband only if it has his consent and be noticed at maritalagreement. It has abided by one of contract on Islamic law principles that'srecognized as voluntary. In the marital agreement might to be acquiescedthat the children whom born outside of marriage will receive funds forhis/her education and living costs. But in that agreement does not mentionthe name of the children to be clearer to who will get the funds giving for.More over the agreement does not say regarding else gifts to be father'sresponsibility. To anlicipate under Islamic law principles which said that thechildren have no patrimony portions Ihen can be created escrow grant bylast will or gift method's from his/her father.
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Guzzo, Karen Benjamin. "Maternal Relationships and Nonresidential Father Visitation of Children Born Outside of Marriage." Journal of Marriage and Family 71, no. 3 (2009): 632–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00623.x.

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Glick, Paul C., and Sung-Ling Lin. "Remarriage after Divorce." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 2 (1987): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1388997.

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Among adults who had ended their first marriage in divorce, about three-fourths of the elderly men and two-thirds of the elderly women in both 1970 and 1980 were found to be remarried. However, the general decline in remarriage at the younger ages during the 1970s was accentuated among those under 35 years old. Although the proportion remarried among women with graduate school training was the smallest, that proportion declined less during the 1970s than for women in any other educational level. In both 1970 and 1980, the proportion remarried was positively correlated with personal income for men but negatively for women. An estimated two-thirds of those who end their first marriage in divorce will eventually remarry while they have young children living with them. During the lifetime of women in their second marriage after their first marriage ended in divorce, only one-third of their children are born after remarriage, whereas two-thirds are born before their second marriages. During the 1970s, the proportion of currently divorced adults living alone or sharing the homes of relatives diminished, while the proportion living as cohabitants outside marriage rose substantially. It appears as if both the divorce rate and the remarriage rate are approaching a period of relative stability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Children born outside marriage"

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Merrill, Junius K. "Women's Marital Adjustment in Relation to the Number of Children Ever Born." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2440.

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Parenthood is a common experience, in the sense that it is almost universal among married couples, but it is a unique experience in the sense that there are great individual variations in its meaning and its impact upon the life of each parent. In spite of the many variations in reactions and responses to parenthood, a stereotype reaction seems to prevail . The stereotyped conception of behavior following the conception of a child is for the wife to be filled with some inner joy which causes her to behave mysteriously for a time until she reveals the unsuspected truth to her naive husband. He, when informed of this totally unsuspected event, is expected to respond with surprise and exaggerated concern for his wife's health and well-being. Later, when the baby is born, each is expected to respond with pride, joy, pleasure, and to behave in ways indicating that the arrival of their child has indeed brought the ultimate fulfillment into their personal lives.
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Apio, Eunice Otuko. "Children born of war in northern Uganda : kinship, marriage, and the politics of post-conflict reintegration in Lango society." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6926/.

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This thesis is about the experiences of children born as a result of sexual violence in war and armed conflict. It explores how children conceived in the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) are perceived and how those perceptions affect their everyday lives once they left the LRA and joined the families and communities of their mothers in post-war northern Uganda, and particularly in Lango. These children are offspring of forced wives - girls and young women who were forced into sexual relationships with LRA militiamen. Kony used fear and mysticism to manipulate his followers and control their sex life and hence, re-organise their reproductive choices. Yet Kony’s approach to sexuality and procreation was perceived as incompatible with Lango norms and institutions regulating sex, marriage and motherhood. This gave rise to tensions over the reintegration of formerly abducted women and their children. This study explores the circumstances under which these children were conceived and what happened to them when they left the LRA and joined their mothers’ natal families and communities. Moreover, it explores related fields – such as ideas and practices of kinship and gender - influencing the treatment of children conceived in the LRA.
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Sosland, Elizabeth A. "Born of our fathers : patrilineal descent, Jewish identity, and the development of self : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5927.

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Pincová, Zdeňka. "Neúplné rodinné domácnosti v ČR a SR po roce 1970 v souvislostech sociálně ekonomického a demografického vývoje." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324421.

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Lone-parent family households in Czech and Slovak Republic after 1970 in the context of socio-economic and demographic development. Abstract This paper introduces the topic of families and households. The shift of attitudes and social values which are connected with single-parent family households is studied based on statistical surveys. This work elaborates changes in number and structure of single-parent family households in Czech and Slovak Republic since 1970 till present. The first part outlines the view of experts on a broad concept of family and the family cycle. The next part evaluates the long-term evolution of marriage, divorce, fertility and changes in society values. The changes in society values are correlated with formation, structure and number of single parent family households in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic before and after 1990. Keywords: family, household, lone-parent family, nuptiality, divorce, fertility, children born outside marriage, consensual unions, changes of values in society
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Lloyd, Jacqueline. "Exploring perspectives of parents on challenges of parenting children born from interracial relationships : a gestalt field perspective." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4345.

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The phenomenon of interracial couples who are also parents is on the increase in South Africa, since one in every four marriages is interracial. An empirical study was undertaken to conduct applied, exploratory, descriptive, evidence-based research to describe the perspectives of interracial parents as related to Gestalt Theory, parenting challenges and strategies towards a sense of self and cultural identity of their children. A qualitative approach utilizing an open ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with six interracial parent couples was transcribed and analysed. The study concluded that interracial parent couples’, in respect of dealing with societal-non-acceptance of themselves and their “mixed” children, utilize several strategies including avoidance and focusing on the positive; that certain aspects play a vital role in the formation of their children’s sense of self and cultural identity such as religion or faith and both parental identities.The implication of this research is that despite the challenges there are no marked effects on their children’s identity and that interracial parenting strategies must be sound.<br>Social Work<br>M.A. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Kuprová, Barbora. "Historický pohled na postoje společnosti ke svobodným matkám a jejich dětem v českých zemích." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323031.

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The intention of this study is to approximate the attitude to children born out of marriage and their mothers in the years 1750-1849. The nominal excerpts from parish registers were used to find numbers of births and proportion of illegitimate children at the manor of Škvorec, the area located at the eastern border of Prague. The proportion of children born out of marriage is compared with contemporaneous regulations that could influence attitudes and behavior of contemporary society. The study also investigates the social status of born children, their fathers and godfathers. The results show that the position of unmarried mothers and their children has improved in the followed period. The results suggest that many unmarried mothers already lived with their partners in the companienate marriage in that time.
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Books on the topic "Children born outside marriage"

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Law Reform Commission of Nova Scotia. The legal status of the child born outside of marriage in Nova Scotia: Final report. The Commission, 1995.

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Families outside marriage. 2nd ed. Family Law, 1993.

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Priest, J. A. Families outside marriage. Family Law, 1990.

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Casey, Filis. Born in our hearts: Stories of adoption. Health Communications, 2004.

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GOVERNMENT, US. An Act to Amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to Modify the Provisions Governing Acquisition of Citizenship by Children Born Outside of the United States, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Stephens, David F. Ask the marriage counselor: Biblical answers to questions about adultery, spousal abuse, teenagers, communication, stepparenting, sex, money, in-laws, outside children, divorce, and other tough marital issues. 1stBooks Library], 2004.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Amend the Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 to Eliminate the Special Transition Rule for Issuance of a Certificate of Citizenship for Certain Children Born Outside the United States. U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Hakohen, Menaḥem. Sefer ḥaye adam. Maḳsṿel-Maḳmilan-Keter, 1991.

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Deborah, Derrick, and National Council for One Parent Families., eds. Illegitimate: The experience of people born outside marriage. National Council for One Parent Families, 1986.

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Reese, Kenn. Children are Born and Marriages Die: Information "Everyone" Needs for the Best Possible Marriage. iUniverse, Inc., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Children born outside marriage"

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Collins, Rosemary, and Alison Macleod. "Born in Poverty: The Social Dimensions of Births Outside Marriage." In The State and Caring. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12755-9_4.

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Chambre, Dany, Bernard Jeune, and Michel Poulain. "Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, the First Supercentenarian in History?" In Demographic Research Monographs. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_15.

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AbstractThis contribution presents the validation of the age at death of Geert Adriaans BOOMGAARD (GAB), a seaman who reached the age of 110. He was born in Groningen on 21 September 1788 and died in the same city on 3 February 1899. A remarkable number of documents have been found that cover the full span of GAB’s life, and thus make it possible to validate his reported exceptional age. In the first step of the validation, a comparison of the baptism and death records shows that the information provided is consistent, even if the spelling of the surnames of his parents reported in the two records is not identical. The reconstitution of GAB’s family and the dates of birth of his siblings also support the validity of GAB’s reported age at death. The demographic information covers the period between 1818 (the year of his first marriage) and 1837 (the year of birth of his last child). We found few documents that mention him during his early life before his first marriage, including a document from 1791 indicating that his father named his new boat De Jonge Geert as well as a list of conscripts from 1811 where his name appeared. By contrast, we found numerous documents covering the period from 1837 to 1899 that are related to his career as a seaman; the marriages of children; his entry into a nursing home; and various interviews, photos, and articles on his life that appeared in the press. All of these documents support the validity of GAB’s reported year of birth and age at death. Thus, GAB might be considered the first thoroughly validated supercentenarian in the history of humankind.
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Poulain, Michel, Dany Chambre, and Bernard Jeune. "Margaret Ann Harvey Neve – 110 Years Old in 1903. The First Documented Female Supercentenarian." In Demographic Research Monographs. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_16.

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AbstractMargaret Ann Harvey was born on 18 May 1792 in St Peter Port, which is the capital city of Guernsey, the second-largest of the Channel Islands; and died there on 4 April 1903 at the reported age of 110. In this contribution, her exceptional age is thoroughly validated. Considering the data collected on her parents and siblings, there is no possibility of an erroneous linkage, as the name of Margaret and Ann appears only once in the birth records, her family’s birth intervals were narrow, and the dates of death of her siblings have been checked. As she did not have children, her name was not found in civil registration records after her marriage in 1823 until her death in 1903. This lack of records might have made it difficult to prove that the person who died at age 110 in 1903 was the same person who married in 1823 at age 30. Fortunately, she was enumerated in six successive censuses from 1851 to 1901, and a comparison of the ages reported in these censuses and her exact ages shows only minor deviations. Moreover, numerous letters and her numerous diaries help us to follow her life during that long period. Upon reaching age 100, she became famous in Guernsey. Thus, there are many photos of her and press articles about her life. These data support the reliability of the reported chronology of her life events, and thus allow us to validate this exceptional case. Accordingly, we can state that Margaret Ann Harvey Neve is the first documented female supercentenarian. As in the case of recently deceased supercentenarian Emma Morano, her life spanned three successive centuries – albeit one century earlier.
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Christian, Bumke, and Voßkuhle Andreas. "7 Art. 6 GG: Marriage and Family." In German Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808091.003.0007.

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This chapter deals with Art. 6 of the Grundgesetz (GG), which guarantees protection for marriage and the family. Art. 6 GG protects marriage and the family from state interference, and also creates a special principle of equality. Paragraphs 4 and 5 create constitutional rights for mothers and children born outside of marriage. The chapter first considers the jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court concerning the scope of protection for marriage and the family, including issues concerning discrimination against same-sex relationships, freedom to marry, marital cohabitation, the right to divorce, and the right to spousal maintenance. It then examines the constitutional rights of parents and the social rights of mothers before concluding with an analysis of the social rights of children born outside of marriage.
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Baker, John. "Persons." In Introduction to English Legal History. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812609.003.0028.

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This chapter is devoted to the history of the law of marriage. The formation of marriage was for many centuries a matter for the Church and its law. In medieval times marriage was held to be a sacrament and indissoluble. Divorce a vinculo matrimonii meant a decree of nullity, not dissolution. Divorce a mensa et thoro, or judicial separation, was available on grounds of misconduct, but the parties were not free to remarry. Bastardy, the status of children born outside marriage, was also for the canon law. The second part of the chapter goes into the common law of coverture, the status of married women, and the slow progress towards giving wives the right to own property and make contracts. It ends with the piecemeal reforms of divorce law, following the establishment of a secular divorce court in 1857.
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Walker, Christine. "Nonmarital Intimacies." In Jamaica Ladies. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469658797.003.0006.

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Chapter Five surveys the varied intimate and nonmarital relationships formed between free and freed people. A comprehensive survey of more than two thousand baptism records demonstrates that Jamaica had the highest illegitimacy rate in the British Empire. One in four of the children baptized on the island was born out of wedlock. This chapter explores the confluence of factors that led to the development of a sexual culture in Jamaica that afforded unmarried women more autonomy in their intimate lives. In contrast with other colonies in British North America, Jamaica adopted a remarkably lenient approach toward female sexuality. Women also commanded more authority and wealth, largely owing to their participation in slavery. In the absence of social censure and legal repercussions, a large number of free couples established families outside of marriage. Doing so protected women’s material assets and legal autonomy, which would otherwise be comprised by coverture—a set of laws that ceded a wife’s property to her husband. Instead, colonists used baptism rather than marriage to recognize, legitimize, and even legalize intimate relationships with free and enslaved partners.
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"Controlling sex outside marriage, eugenics and quality children." In Sex, Science and Morality in China. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203086513-12.

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Govindaraj, V. C. "Validity of Marriage." In The Conflict of Laws in India. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199495603.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the inflexible and conservative attitude and approach of the courts in general, that has inexorably led them to treat marriage and its validity as omnific vis-à-vis correlative issues such as adoption, legitimacy, and rights of succession, testate or intestate, of a surviving spouse and children born of such marriage. It presents five cases highlighting the switch that had recently taken place in the judicial thinking that establishes the proposition that marriage cannot be treated as an all-purpose concept in respect of related issues such as adoption, legitimacy, and rights of succession of the surviving spouse and children born of a putative marriage. The chapter then discusses the validity of marriage under Section 283 of the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws, 1971; the insulated approach of courts in England; and the hidebound attitude of Indian courts to marriage and other personal law issues.
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Govindaraj, V. C. "Validity of Marriage." In Private International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489282.003.0006.

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Strange as it may seem, courts in general have a tendency to treat marriage and its validity as an all-purpose concept, may we say omnific, vis-à-vis correlative issues such as adoption, legitimacy and rights of succession, testate or intestate, of a surviving spouse and children born of such marriage. Marriage may be good for the purpose of one issue and yet invalid for the purpose of another; as Professor Willis L.M. Reese says. The same attitude they bring to bear in respect of adoption. They blindly follow the opinion of authoritative law givers, ignoring the rules of conflict of laws.
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Graves, Kori A. "The New Family Ideal for Korean Black Adoption." In A War Born Family. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479872329.003.0005.

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Many of the African American non-military families that adopted Korean black children did not conform to the gender and race conventions that child welfare officials desired in adoptive families. Often, these families included wives that worked, and would continue to work, outside of their homes even after they adopted a Korean black child. A number of these adoptive families were also interracial couples or they lived in interracial neighborhoods. Adoptive families that included interracial couples and working wives forced some social workers and child welfare officials to reframe these family patterns as ideal for Korean black children. The reforms that some social workers made to increase adoptions of Korean black children by African American and interracial couples also informed their responses to the small number of white families that adopted Korean black children. Agencies affiliated with International Social Service frequently emphasized the international political implications of Korean transnational adoptions because they understood transracial and transnational adoptions to be liberal and antiracist endeavors. However, many of the African American and interracial families that pursued transnational adoptions did not base their adoptions on political motives. Instead, they imagined a kinship with Korean black children because of the racism the encountered in Korea.
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Conference papers on the topic "Children born outside marriage"

1

Diatmika, I. Gusti Ngurah Agung Niki. "Marriage System of Nyentana and Legal Consequences for Children Born in it." In International Conference of Social Science. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-9-2018.2281143.

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2

Elhag, Saba, Ibrahem Abdalhakam, and Manar Abel-Rahman. "Prevalence of Consanguinity among ASD Individuals: Systematic Review & Meta-analysis." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0163.

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Aim: We aim to estimate the global prevalence of consanguinity among the ASD families and compare that among different populations. Methods: Meta-analysis of observational studies reporting prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families was searched systematically in important databases including EMBASE, PubMed and Academic Search Complete. Individual studies were screened by two reviewers independently, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a risk of bias tool (Hoy’s tool). Random Effect model was used to calculate pooled weighted estimates due to considerable heterogeneity. Subgroups analysis was also calculated. Results: 10 publications were identified based on our inclusion criteria from 8 different countries, 4 of them were from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the rest were from: Lebanon (2 studies), Egypt, Jordan, Iran, and Israel). Studies varied in ASD cases numbers as it ranged between 49 -500, and the total ASD individuals in all studies were 1581. All studies address consanguinity among the ASD families despite the variation in the methods. The pooled estimate of consanguinity among ASD families was 24% Subgroup analysis by the study country led to a higher pooled estimate of consanguinity of 38% in the GCC countries compared to other than GCC countries with a pooled estimate of 16%. In addition, the overall odd ratio calculated from the case-control studies included in our meta-analysis was 1.5. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that studied the prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families worldwide. Children born to consanguineous parents have been reported to have lower social behavior and cognitive ability, which are the main problems with ASD children. Our study qualitatively reviewed the prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families throughout the world and 10 eligible studies from eight countries were identified. We quantitatively synthesized the results and the key findings of this study showed a 24% overall pooled estimate of consanguinity among ASD families. GCC countries showed a high estimated pooled prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families as 38% compared to countries other than GCC 16%, which was higher than our overall pooled prevalence. This high estimate among GCC countries can be related to the high rates of consanguineous marriage in the GCC countries compared to the worldwide rates (20%). In Qatar, the rate of consanguineous marriage reported as 54%. This high rates among GCC countries may be due to factors like rooted cultural beliefs, social life and customs in addition to, economic benefits of keeping wealth within the families. Conclusion: The globally estimated pooled consanguinity prevalence among ASD patients was 24%, GCC countries showed a higher pooled prevalence (38%)
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3

Zhang, Bolun, Daniel Farley, Heidi-Lynn Ploeg, and Michael Zinn. "Validation of Feedback Control Approach for an Implantable Limb Lengthening Device." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3456.

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Lower limb length discrepancy (LLD), defined by unequal length of paired lower limbs, contributes to lower back pain, osteoarthritis of the hip, and stress fractures [1–3]. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that there were approximately 700 children born with LLD each year in US [4]. Patients may receive distraction osteogenesis treatment, in which an osteotomy is performed on the shorter limb, and mechanical force is applied to gradually distract the two halves of the bone during the healing process. This stretches the bone callus during healing to achieve desired limb length upon callus consolidation [5]. The current correction devices are external fixators that leave unsightly scars and are prone to infection [6]. While recently developed intramedullary devices address many of the persistent issues with external lengthening devices, size limitations and potential damage to the bone growth plates make them impractical for use in children [7, 8]. The proposed research addresses an unmet need by developing a novel implantable extramedullary device for LLD correction that is targeted for pediatric use. The device will be implantable, submuscular, and fixed to the outside surface of the bone (extramedullary), thus allowing for use in children without concern for injury to the growth plates. The device’s function will be similar to an external fixator; however, it will not require exposed hardware, which increases risk of infection, or muscle penetration from the pins, which causes pain. Additionally, the device incorporates real-time control of the distraction rate, reducing the risk of complications arising from fixed rate distraction such as premature consolidation and non-union of the callus. [9–11]. The investigators of this study have previously designed and constructed a distraction mechanism prototype and test frame [10]. The current study aims to validate the real-time controller of the prototype.
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