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Journal articles on the topic 'Children Calcium in human nutrition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Barker, M. E. "Impact of consumption of milk and milk products on human health." BSAP Occasional Publication 25 (2000): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500040632.

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AbstractThe nutritive value of milk has long been recognised. In the 1920's and 30's several clinical trials explored the influence of a milk supplement on the growth of children. These studies universally showed that milk had a beneficial effect on height gain. The effects of milk on childhood growth were attributed to the impact of the additional dietary calcium on the skeleton, although energy and protein intakes may have been limiting.Contemporary research on the effects of nutrition on growth has the advantage of being able to focus much more specifically on the strength and mineral mass

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2

Bouziani, Amina, Naima Saeid, Hasnae Benkirane, et al. "Dietary Calcium Intake in Sample of School Age Children in City of Rabat, Morocco." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8084623.

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Calcium is an important mineral playing a vital role to maintain bone health. Calcium intake is considered as one of the most important determinants to assess the calcium status and to evaluate the calcium deficiency in the human body. Our study aims at estimating calcium intake in a sample of children and adolescent to be used in the global strategy to reduce calcium deficiency disorders in Morocco. Thus, 131 children and adolescents were recruited from public schools at Rabat and its regions in the framework of a descriptive cross-sectional study. For each participant, anthropometric paramet

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3

da Silva Lopes, Katharina, and Sarah Krull Abe. "Polymorphisms Contributing to Calcium Status: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (2021): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082488.

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This systematic review assessed genotypes and changes in calcium homeostasis. A literature search was performed in EMBASE, Medline and CENTRAL on 7 August 2020 identifying 1012 references. Studies were included with any human population related to the topic of interest, and genetic variations in genes related to calcium metabolism were considered. Two reviewers independently screened references, extracted relevant data and assessed study quality using the Q-Genie tool. Forty-one studies investigating Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to calcium status were identified. Almost h

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Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka, Agata Tomaszewska, Jacek Z. Kubiak, and Bolesław Kalicki. "Vitamin D and Immunological Patterns of Allergic Diseases in Children." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010177.

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Vitamin D, in addition to its superior role as a factor regulating calcium-phosphate metabolism, shows wide effects in other processes in the human body, including key functions of the immune system. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. In our study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between vitamin D content and the clinical course of allergic diseases as well as establish their immunological parameters in children. We found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the group of children with an allergic disease

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Hodges, Joanna, Sisi Cao, Dennis Cladis, and Connie Weaver. "Lactose Intolerance and Bone Health: The Challenge of Ensuring Adequate Calcium Intake." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (2019): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040718.

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Calcium is an important nutrient with impact upon many biological systems, most notably bone. Ensuring adequate calcium intake throughout the lifespan is essential to building and maintaining bone. Lactose intolerance may predispose individuals to low calcium intake as the number of lactose-free, calcium-rich food sources is limited. In this review, we summarize data from human and animal studies on the influence of lactose and lactase deficiency on calcium absorption and bone health. Based on the available evidence, neither dietary lactose nor lactase deficiency have a significant impact on c

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Devi, Suman. "Nutritional Properties and Utilization of Cowpea Seeds, Leaves and Their Health Benefits." Journal of Advanced Research in Food Science and Nutrition 03, no. 02 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2582.3892.202008.

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In India, 69% death of below the age of 5 years children is caused by malnutrition. This age group of children same effect every second child through the malnutrition according to UNICEF, 2019. Malnutrition is a condition where the body is deprived of minimum daily nourishment. India is ranked second in having malnourished children. Cookies are one of the most popular snacks and most popular worldwide. It can be fortified with various nutrients. Grain legumes play an important role in human nutrition; these can be used as a very easy vehicle for providing the proteins needed by the population.

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Lönnerdal, Bo. "Calcium and Iron Absorption - Mechanisms and Public Health Relevance." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 80, no. 45 (2010): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000036.

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Studies on human subjects have shown that calcium (Ca) can inhibit iron (Fe) absorption, regardless of whether it is given as Ca salts or in dairy products. This has caused concern as increased Ca intake commonly is recommended for children and women, the same populations that are at risk of Fe deficiency. However, a thorough review of studies on humans in which Ca intake was substantially increased for long periods shows no changes in hematological measures or indicators of iron status. Thus, the inhibitory effect may be of short duration and there also may be compensatory mechanisms. The int

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8

Sorokman, T. V., P. M. Moldovan, and O. V. Makarova. "Characteristics of the diet of school-age children and the incidence of gastrointestinal pathology." CHILD`S HEALTH 16, no. 5 (2021): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.5.2021.239712.

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Background. It is known that malnutrition significantly affects human life expectancy and leads to the emergence and development of non-communicable diseases. A balanced diet is a leading factor in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose was to investigate the state of actual nutrition, indicators of nutritional status and gastrointestinal morbidity in school-age children. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of secondary schools in Chernivtsi and MNPE “Chernivtsi Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital”. A questionnaire method was used with the compilatio

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9

Bouziani, Amina, Naima Saeid, Mohamed Idrissi, et al. "Calcium status in Moroccan children and adolescents assessed by 24-hour urinary excretion." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 3, no. 5 (2019): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.3.5.172-179.

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Background: Worldwide, calcium (Ca) deficiency represents one of the most important deficiencies of all micronutrients. When associated with vitamin D deficiency, it constitutes a major health issue, responsible for many functional diseases especially osteoporosis and fracture risk at the later life. In the Moroccan population, data on Ca deficiency risks are really limited. The urinary losses present a significant determinant of Ca urinary excretion being a crucial determinant of its retention in the human body. Aims: This study was conducted to determine the level of urinary Ca excretion in

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10

Kandinskaya, Ye S., S. V. Redkin, and G. V. Chebakova. "MONITORING OF CALCIUM CONTENT OF RAW COW MILK." Veterinary Science Today, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2019-1-28-29-33.

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Milk is a natural food product that is unique in its nutritive value and signifcance for human organism. Its composition is balanced in major biochemical components as well as mineral components including calcium. Calcium is essential for many metabolic processes and is contained in milk in easily digestible and phosphorus-balanced form. Therefore, decrease in its content in milk creates prerequisites for insufcient meeting the body need in the said microelement and has an eﬀect on human metabolism especially in children. Results of laboratory testing of 400 milk samples collected from clinica

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11

Verduci, Elvira, Sofia D’Elios, Lucia Cerrato, et al. "Cow’s Milk Substitutes for Children: Nutritional Aspects of Milk from Different Mammalian Species, Special Formula and Plant-Based Beverages." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (2019): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081739.

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Cow’s milk and dairy are commonly consumed foods in the human diet and contribute to maintaining a healthy nutritional state, providing unique sources of energy, calcium, protein, and vitamins, especially during early childhood. Milk formula is usually made from cow’s milk and represents the first food introduced into an infant’s diet when breastfeeding is either not possible or insufficient to cover nutritional needs. Very recently, increased awareness of cow’s milk protein allergy and intolerance, and higher preference to vegan dietary habits have influenced parents towards frequently choosi

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12

Goosen, Charlene, Jeannine Baumgartner, Nadja Mikulic, et al. "Examining Associations of HIV and Iron Status with Nutritional and Inflammatory Status, Anemia, and Dietary Intake in South African Schoolchildren." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030962.

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The etiology of multifactorial morbidities such as undernutrition and anemia in children living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV+) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is poorly understood. Our objective was to examine associations of HIV and iron status with nutritional and inflammatory status, anemia, and dietary intake in school-aged South African children. Using a two-way factorial case-control design, we compared four groups of 8 to 13-year-old South African schoolchildren: (1) HIV+ and low iron stores (inflammation-unadjusted serum ferritin ≤ 40 µg/L), n = 43; (2) HIV+ and iro

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13

Stöcklin, Elisabeth, and Manfred Eggersdorfer. "Vitamin D, an Essential Nutrient with Versatile Functions in Nearly all Organs." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 83, no. 2 (2013): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000151.

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For decades, vitamin D has been known to be essential in the development, function, and maintenance of healthy bones through the regulation of calcium homeostasis throughout life. Sufficient vitamin D prevents the occurrence of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. The adequate nutritional intake of vitamin D and calcium are the basis for the prevention and management of osteoporosis, a disease producing brittle bones that are prone to fractures. Vitamin D has been implicated in the regulation of neuromuscular function and in reducing the risk of falls, a major cause of bone fracture

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14

Dzyuba, Nadya, Olena Bunyak, and Iryna Bilenka. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE RECIPE OF CORN STICKS BASED ON SUGAR CORN GRAIN AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR QUALITY PARAMETERS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 3 (May 31, 2019): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2019.00918.

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The recipes of extruded products, namely corn sticks “Kukurudzianka” and “Kukurudzianka+” based on sugar corn grain with the increased content of vitamins and protein were developed. The recipe of extruded grain products was optimized using an inset Excel Solver of a table processor MS Excel (WINDOWS 2010). The developed extrudates may be recommended for consumption by teenagers, children, at dietary nutrition, and consumption by other population layers. Physical-chemical parameters of obtained extrudates were determined, the analysis of such parameters as soaking and digestion ability was con

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15

Seth, Kripa, and Anita Kochhar. "Formulation and nutritional evaluation of baked products supplemented with partially defatted peanut flour." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 6 (2017): 808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-12-2016-0188.

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Purpose Due to the increased consumption of fast foods in India, especially among the youngsters, obesity and related health ailments have become a serious concern. Fast foods provide empty calories which calls for an urgent need to improvise their nutritional value rendering them “nutrient dense”. The purpose of this research was development and nutritional evaluation of baked products incorporated with partially defatted peanut flour. Design/methodology/approach Three baked products, namely, pizza base, buns and bread were developed using standardized recipes with different levels of incorpo

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16

Larqué, Elvira, Eva Morales, Rosaura Leis, and José E. Blanco-Carnero. "Maternal and Foetal Health Implications of Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 72, no. 3 (2018): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487370.

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Background: To what extent does the circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration help to meet the physiological needs of humans is an ongoing subject of debate. Remaining unexposed to the sun to reduce melanoma cancer risk, current lifestyle with less out door activities, and increasing obesity rates, which in turn increases the storage of vitamin D in the adipose tissue, are presumably factors that contribute to the substantial upsurge in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in humans. Since evidence is lacking regarding the appropriate cut-off points to define vitamin D status d

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17

Alreshidi, Ibrahim Dughaim. "Vitamin D deficiency in children: A review on prevention and treatment strategy." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 1 (2015): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v5i1.25870.

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As an essential fat-soluble vitamin in human body, the main function of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by its receptor. In the past decade, VD has drawn gradual and consistent attention from the scientific community and health professionals. According to epidemiological survey, approximately one billion people are under the state of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the world. This phenomenon is also very common in China. By participating in calcium and phosphorus absorption from GIT, VD stands as a very important functional immune regulator. It plays a vital role in modulating both innate

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18

Lachat, Carl, Jessica E. Raneri, Katherine Walker Smith, et al. "Dietary species richness as a measure of food biodiversity and nutritional quality of diets." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 1 (2017): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709194115.

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Biodiversity is key for human and environmental health. Available dietary and ecological indicators are not designed to assess the intricate relationship between food biodiversity and diet quality. We applied biodiversity indicators to dietary intake data from and assessed associations with diet quality of women and young children. Data from 24-hour diet recalls (55% in the wet season) of n = 6,226 participants (34% women) in rural areas from seven low- and middle-income countries were analyzed. Mean adequacies of vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron, and zinc and diet diversity score (

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19

Sikdar, Dolanchapa, Rosalin Nath, Kakali Bandyopadhyay, and Ishon Mollick. "Fortifications in Ice-cream with Enhanced Functional Properties: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (2002): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060523.

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Enrichment of food by the addition of essential micro-nutrients like trace elements and vitamins to food is known as fortification. It can be carried out under initiatives such as Public Health Policy which aims in reducing the number of people with dietary deficiencies within a group of people or population. Ice-creams are well known dessert, and very much in demand among the children. So it is very important to keep its sensory factors in mind and make nutritive additions in it. To meet the demands of the consumers various natural ingredients are used to fortify ice-creams. Works have been d

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20

Ayieko, M. A., H. J. Ogola, and I. A. Ayieko. "Introducing rearing crickets (gryllids) at household levels: adoption, processing and nutritional values." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 3 (2016): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2015.0080.

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Edible insects, particularly crickets, are becoming popular due to their nutritional value and efficiency in foodconversion. An increasing number of farmers in Kenya are seeking information on rearing crickets (Orthoptera:Gryllidae) for food and feed. The locals are gradually embracing Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimiculatus as the species of choice. This paper discusses how cricket farming was introduced to farmers in Bondo and Kabondo in Kenya. The initial crickets were picked from their natural habitat and carefully selected for domestication. Theselected crickets were fed on vegetables a

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21

Geraldo, Nasser Farid. "Benefit Considerations of a New Formulation of Kluiklui (Peanut-Cake) Biscuit Supplemented with Breadfruit Flour as Prebiotic Product." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): xvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.120.

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Estimated at about 7.55 billion according to the United Nations (2017) the number of people on earth is growing and this is due to the high birth rate that the world knows. This high number of people on earth will cause problems such as overcrowding, hunger and food insecurity and many others, the most to be feared is food insecurity. Talking about food security is about food, and in trying to address the need for nutritious food, it will be about increasing the productivity of food processing processes and improvin g practices to ensure a good nutritional status and consequently a good state

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22

Kallio, A. K., D. L. Nichols, E. V. Essery, N. M. DiMarco, and C. F. Sanborn. "NUTRITION EDUCATION AND CALCIUM INTAKE IN CHILDREN." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (2003): S327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-01813.

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23

Krivosikova, Alexandra, Jana Rybanska, Ludmila Nagyova, and Andrej Geci. "Consumer Behaviour of Seniors on the Cow’s Milk Market in Slovakia: Silver Persuading Techniques." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 1 (2020): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-16.

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Seniors are usually perceived as an unattractive segment, mostly due to their limited spending power. In Slovakia, the number of seniors has continuously been increasing. The population has been growing older. In Europe, more than a quarter of the population is expected to be aged 65 years or older by 2050. That is the main reason why we have to understand the consumer behaviour and decision-making processes of senior consumers. The presented paper deals with the consumer behaviour of seniors on the Slovak market of cow’s milk since it is the most commonly consumed type of milk in Slovakia. Op

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24

Prentice, Ann. "Calcium Requirements of Children." Nutrition Reviews 53, no. 2 (2009): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1995.tb01497.x.

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25

Hollis, Bruce W. "Calcium In Human Health." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83, no. 6 (2006): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1444.

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26

Peacock, M. "Calcium absorption efficiency and calcium requirements in children and adolescents." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, no. 1 (1991): 261S—265S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/54.1.261s.

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27

Larchet, Michel, Michèle Garabédian, Agnes Bourdeau, Anne-Marie Gorski, Olivier Goulet, and Claude Ricour. "Calcium Metabolism in Children During Long-Term Total Parenteral Nutrition." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 13, no. 4 (1991): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199111000-00006.

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28

Miljkovic, Dusan, Romulus Ion Scorei, Vily Marius Cimpoiaşu, and Iulia Daria Scorei. "Calcium Fructoborate: Plant-Based Dietary Boron for Human Nutrition." Journal of Dietary Supplements 6, no. 3 (2009): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19390210903070772.

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29

Graff, Mariaelisa, Tom D. Thacher, Philip R. Fischer, et al. "Calcium absorption in Nigerian children with rickets." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80, no. 5 (2004): 1415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1415.

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30

Anderson, John J. B. "Calcium, Phosphorus and Human Bone Development." Journal of Nutrition 126, suppl_4 (1996): 1153S—1158S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1153s.

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31

Dabbas-Tyan, M., M. Debre, I. Funck-Brentano, C. Ricour, S. Blanche, and O. Goulet. "Enteral nutrition in human immunodeficiency virus infected children." Nutrition 13, no. 3 (1997): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)82648-2.

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32

Olausson, Hanna, Gail R. Goldberg, M. Ann Laskey, Inez Schoenmakers, Landing M. A. Jarjou, and Ann Prentice. "Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation." Nutrition Research Reviews 25, no. 1 (2012): 40–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422411000187.

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Pregnancy and lactation are times of additional demand for Ca. Ca is transferred across the placenta for fetal skeletal mineralisation, and supplied to the mammary gland for secretion into breast milk. In theory, these additional maternal requirements could be met through mobilisation of Ca from the skeleton, increased intestinal Ca absorption efficiency, enhanced renal Ca retention or greater dietary Ca intake. The extent to which any or all of these apply, the underpinning biological mechanisms and the possible consequences for maternal and infant bone health in the short and long term are t

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33

Weaver, Connie M., Robert P. Heaney, Berdine R. Martin, and Mary Lee Fitzsimmons. "Human Calcium Absorption from Whole-Wheat Products." Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 11 (1991): 1769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.11.1769.

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34

Thacher, Tom D., and Steven A. Abrams. "Relationship of calcium absorption with 25(OH)D and calcium intake in children with rickets." Nutrition Reviews 68, no. 11 (2010): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00338.x.

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35

Albertson, A. M., and R. C. Tobelmann. "Dietary Calcium Intake Among Children Ages 4–12 Years." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, no. 9 (1995): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00427-0.

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36

Rogan, A., and C. McGuerrin. "Community Intervention to Improve Calcium Intake of Young Children." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 97, no. 9 (1997): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00395-7.

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37

Moreira, P., C. Padez, I. Mourão, and V. Rosado. "Dietary calcium and body mass index in Portuguese children." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, no. 7 (2005): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602147.

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38

Dorea, Jose G. "Calcium and phosphorus in human milk." Nutrition Research 19, no. 5 (1999): 709–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(99)00035-4.

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39

Fisher, Stanley E., Peter I. Karl, and M. C. Rattazzi. "260 FETAL NUTRITION: CALCIUM REGULATES HUMAN PLACENTAL UPTAKE OF AMINO ACID." Pediatric Research 19, no. 4 (1985): 154A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198504000-00290.

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40

Dabbas-Tyan, M., O. Goulet, V. Colomb, et al. "Home parenteral nutrition in human immunodeficiency virus infected children." Nutrition 13, no. 3 (1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)82692-5.

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Miller, Tracie L. "Nutrition in paediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 1 (2000): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000185.

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The nutritional condition of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a problem both in developed and developing countries. HIV-infected children grow below normal standards in both height and weight when compared with HIV-exposed non-infected children. These patterns persist over time. It is possible that acute infectious episodes and increased HIV viral burden contribute to decrements in all growth variables. Potential aetiologies for abnormal growth include inadequate dietary intake, gastrointestinal malabsorption, increased energy utilization and psycho-so

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42

Redondo-Cuevas, Lucía, Jesús Sanchis-Chordà, and Pilar Codoñer-Franch. "Child Nutrition and Bone Health." Journal of Child Science 08, no. 01 (2018): e67-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669402.

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AbstractNutrition is one of the modifiable factors that contributes to bone accrual during childhood and adolescence, a critical period to prevent adult osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D seem to be the most important nutrients for optimal bone growth. Requirements for calcium intake are different among countries and organizations, and exact recommendations are difficult to determine since other dietary factors directly affect calcium metabolism, such as salt intake and vitamin D levels. Some scientists have suggested that the actual calcium requirements are overestimated and that increased d

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43

Abrams, S. A., M. A. Grusak, J. Stuff, and K. O. O’Brien. "Calcium and magnesium balance in 9-14-y-old children." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, no. 5 (1997): 1172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.5.1172.

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44

Zemel, Babette S. "Dietary calcium intake recommendations for children: are they too high?" American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 105, no. 5 (2017): 1025–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.155705.

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45

Abrams, S. A., and K. O. O'Brien. "CALCIUM AND BONE MINERAL METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES." Annual Review of Nutrition 24, no. 1 (2004): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132135.

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46

Papizh, S. V. "Hypercalcemia in children." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 24, no. 2 (2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-2-42-51.

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Hypercalcemia is a result of a wide range of hereditary and acquired conditions encountered by general physicians and pediatricians. Calcium participates in several key physiological functions, control of blood coagulation, bone calcification. Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated by the interplay between absorption from the small intestine and renal tubular reabsorption, bone remodeling, and disposal through the gut and the kidney. These processes are regulated by local and circulating factors. The two main hormones influencing the homeostasis of calcium are PTH and calcitriol. Cancer-asso

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Dibba, Bakary, Ann Prentice, Mustapha Ceesay, Dorothy M. Stirling, Tim J. Cole, and Elizabeth ME Poskitt. "Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in Gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium diet." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, no. 2 (2000): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.2.544.

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48

Caine-Bish, Natalie, and Karen Lowry Gordon. "Calcium and KIDS: A Pilot Program Developed to Increase Calcium Intakes in Third- through Sixth-Grade Children." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 38, no. 3 (2006): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2006.02.007.

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Kent, George. "Children as Human Capital?" Food and Nutrition Bulletin 10, no. 4 (1988): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482658801000401.

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Sandström, B., A. Cederblad, B. Kivistö, B. Stenquist, and H. Andersson. "Retention of zinc and calcium from the human colon." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, no. 4 (1986): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/44.4.501.

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