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Bah, Yahya Muhammed. "Drug abuse among street children." COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education 4, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23916/0020190416610.
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In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analysed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it is mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behaviour, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behaviour including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
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Bah, Yahya Muhammed. "Drug Abuse among Street Children." Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention 3, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 12–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-18-2291.
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In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there are some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analyzed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it are mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, desire to be trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behavior, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behavior including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
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Friedrich, M. J. "Street Children and Drug Abuse." JAMA 310, no. 11 (September 18, 2013): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.278239.
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Quail, Tom, and Michael Shannon. "Pharmaceutical Drug Abuse in Children (Letter)." Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 35, no. 6 (January 1997): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563659709001239.
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Svensson, Bengt, Torkel Richert, and Björn Johnson. "Parents’ experiences of abuse by their adult children with drug problems." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072519883464.
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Aims: To examine parents’ experiences of abuse directed at them by their adult children with drug problems. Material and Method: The material consists of 32 qualitative interviews on child-to-parent abuse with 24 mothers and eight fathers. The interviewees had experienced verbal abuse (insults), emotional abuse (threats), financial abuse (damage to property and possessions) and physical abuse (physical violence). Findings: In the parents’ narratives, the parent-child interaction is dominated by the child’s destructive drug use, which the parents are trying to stop. This gives rise to conflicts and ambivalence. The parents’ accounts seem to function as explaining and justifying their children’s disruptive behavior in view of the drug use. The fact that an external factor - drugs - is blamed seems to make it easier to repair the parent-child bonds. The parents differentiate between the child who is sober and the child who is under the influence of drugs, that is, between the genuine child and the fake, unreal child. The sober child is a person that the parent likes and makes an effort for. The child who is on drugs is erratic, at times aggressive and self-destructive. Conclusions: The interviewed parents’ well-being is perceived as directly related to how their children’s lives turn out. The single most important factor in improving the parents’ situation is to find a way for their adult child to live their lives without drug problems.
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Ganesh, Arjunan, and Mark A. Helfaer. "Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction in Children." Pediatric Emergency Care 26, no. 12 (December 2010): 968–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e3181fe92ab.
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Masud, Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan, Md Moniruzzaman Khan, and Jesmin. "Pattern of Drug Abuse among Street Children of Dhaka: Inhalants are the Most Popular Drug." Delta Medical College Journal 6, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v6i1.35965.
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Background: Number of street children has been rising in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, in recent years and also the prevalence of substance abuse is increasing among these children.Objective: This research work focuses on understanding street children’s perception/attitudes towards substance abuse.Materials and method: For this study, an inquiry based, self-administrated questionnaire was generated and a survey was conducted by authorized, trained persons. A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this initial research work.Results: Studying respondents from two major areas of Dhaka, it came out that sniffing dendrite is the most popular adhesive/inhalant among children because of its easy availability. For these children, the initiation process of sniffing adhesives starts as a part of street culture introduced by peers (87.5%, n = 70), for getting accepted into social street gangs. Thus, these children started drug abuse as a mean of endurance along with a little pleasure/escapism, even for a while to survive within the harsh reality of street life. Data from this initial study were used to build a topological-model of present/oncoming consequences/threats of substance abuse with suggested routes of social/medical interventions. The most encouraging fact is that understanding the adverse consequences of drug abuse, most of these children wanted to quit drug abuse (70%, n = 56) and wished for a better life.Conclusion: It is believed that this model would help in implementing measures for systematic drug abuse cessation for long-term rehabilitation programmes for these children, ensuring every child’s right to have a secured, healthy life.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 29-34
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Dewi, Nur Hidayahtul, Reliani Reliani, Fathiya Luthfil Y, and Isnaini Isnaini. "The Influence of Health Education with Social Support Methods on Knowledge and Attitudes in Preventing Drug Abuse in Street Children Communities in Taman Bungkul Surabaya." MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 1, no. 3 (February 19, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.1.3.2016.45-57.
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Background: Street children are at risk when they are on the streets, such as using drugs, free sex, using tattoos, piercing, and being infected with HIV. Conditions such as lack of self-confidence, having unstable emotions, which are owned by street children, make them easily influenced by other people and tend to engage in anti-social behavior such as fighting, stealing, seizing, using Drugs (Alcohol, Psychotropic Narcotics, Addictive Substances) and running a drug business, and casual sex behavior.Purpose: to conduct research on the Effect of Health Education with Social Support Methods on Knowledge and Attitudes in Preventing Drug Abuse in Street Children Communities in Taman Bungkul Surabaya.Methods: Pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest.Results: In the street children's group in Taman Bungkul Surabaya, the respondent's awareness of preventing substance abuse before and after obtaining health education has improved the category of knowledge and attitude from less to appropriate or nice. The attitude of street children before and after being given health education with social support methods in preventing drug abuse in the street children community in Taman Bungkul Surabaya has a mostly positive attitude change.Conclusion: There is an effect of health education with social support methods in preventing drug abuse in street children communities in Taman Bungkul Surabaya.
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Baratvand, Mahmood, Mansour Soodani, Eghbal Zarei, and Abdolrahim Asadollahi. "Sexual Abuse and Drug Abuse Among Homeless Children in Ahvaz, Iran." Child Abuse Review 22, no. 6 (June 10, 2013): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2263.
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Haeger, Bisa. "Benzodiazepine addiction and child sexual abuse." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 10 (October 1989): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.10.547.
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There is now an extensive literature on benzodiazepines (over 18,400 publications since 1966), particularly regarding their addictive potential (Feely, 1988). The importance of this finding lies in prescribing as well as in the treatment of existing addiction. However, psychological factors are also important in the maintenance of addictive behaviour and one should not assume that all are recognised. For example, it is known that drugs are used to reward children employed by the pornographic industry and that sexually abused children can develop drug addiction (Burgess et al., 1984). There are now over 300 publications on child sexual abuse but none linking it with benzodiazepine addiction specifically. This is the first one.
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Rosack, Jim. "Moms In Drug Abuse Treatment Have Healthier Children." Psychiatric News 36, no. 19 (October 5, 2001): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.36.19.0005.
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Swadi, H. "Drug abuse in children and adolescents: an update." Archives of Disease in Childhood 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 1245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.67.10.1245.
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Prasher, V. P. "Drug abuse in children and adolescents: An update." Archives of Disease in Childhood 68, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.68.3.434.
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Klein, R., and S. Mannuzza. "Is there stimulant sensitivity in children?" Journal of Attention Disorders 6, no. 1_suppl (April 2002): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370200601s08.
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It has been suggested that exposure to stimulants alters the dopamine system and thus enhances sensitivity to stimulants and possibly other drugs. Sensitization has been induced experimentally in animals, especially in rats, and has been shown to be long-lasting. In addition, cross-sensitization across different compounds has been demonstrated. The animal data have raised concern that exposure to methylphenidate in childhood may enhance the risk for later abuse of stimulants and other drugs. We review the evidence bearing on sensitization in children treated with stimulants and followed into adulthood. None of four clinic-based studies found an excess of drug abuse in children previously treated with stimulants. A school-based longitudinal study obtained a relationship between early stimulant treatment and later drug use, without controlling for clinical confounds. The single prospective-controlled study of children who received placebo or methylphenidate does not support the sensitization hypothesis.
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Widjaja, Gunawan. "The Importance Of Early Child Drug Education; Indonesian Regulatory Perspective." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8907.
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Drug abuse can be happened to anybody. Drug abuse can cause systematic destruction to the sustainability of a state. It is especially important that children and teenager should be avoided from using drugs. There are many kinds of approaches that can be done. One among them was an early education against drug abuse. This research aimed to elaborate the importance of early child drug education and try to provide solutions on how the education must be conducted, based on Indonesian laws and regulations.
Data used in this research were of secondary data, which mainly consisted of primary legal sources and secondary legal sources. Data were obtained through literature review using “google” search machine. Data were analysed using deductive “legal reasoning” method, with qualitative approach. Research found that in many jurisdictions, children have been introduced, exposed, and misuse several kinds of drugs. To avoid it, state shall initiate and provide support through education. It may involve formal or informal education institutions. Research also found that early drugs education for children would be good to provide early knowledge to the children so that they can avoid misusing drugs. However, it must be taught by competent person to avoid mis-reception. Indonesia shall has enough sources to implement it. Under current prevailing legislations, Indonesia shall have enough support to start the education. Though Indonesia has sufficient laws and regulations, however Indonesia still needs good system, competent human resources, technologies, facilities, infrastructure, and enough financing to implement the laws and regulations. Inter-departmental cooperation must be set up to support the implementation.
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Waters, Judith, Albert R. Roberts, and Keith Morgen. "High Risk Pregnancies: Teenagers, Poverty, and Drug Abuse." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 541–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700307.
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The real problem is not teenage pregnancy alone, but the destructive combination of single motherhood, poverty, and drug abuse. The consequences of being a poor, inner-city, single mother with an expensive drug habit may include prostitution, drug dealing, dependency upon welfare and/or extra support from an already overwhelmed family system, and neglected children. Almost inevitably, the children exhibit cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, may turn to drugs at a young age, and may have an early involvement with the criminal justice system. To design effective prevention programs it is essential to understand the myriad complex risk factors that affect the lives of these vulnerable young women. As the first stage in a larger study of motivation and readiness for change and the development of self-protective health practices, interview data were collected from 30 participants. Sixteen were residents and staff who had graduated from a drug treatment program and 14 were undergraduate and graduate students, all of whom had been pregnant as teenagers. The results yielded a surprising commonality of experiences for both groups that included childhood physical and sexual abuse, coercive adolescent sexual relationships, early first sexual contact, early first pregnancies (often as a function of rape or incest), abortions, and chemical dependency, especially during pregnancy.
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M. Nur, Chairan. "Parents’ Roles in Preventing Drug Abuses among Teenagers (A Case Study in Banda Aceh)." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v5i1.119.
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Drug abuse has became a serious problem and related to many aspects of human beings physically, psychologically, socially, etc. It is also leaded to early death, physical disability, social lost, economic impact, etc. Therefore, it is highly recommended appropriated approaches in preventing drug abuse. One basic purpose of this research was to find out the parents’ roles in preventing drug abuse among teenagers. That parent is obligated to educate their children as a main responsibility to God by having the children. Children are educated regularly in any occasions and conditions. The research applied the qualitative approach where the data collection was interview. The research location was in Banda Aceh. In addition, the samples of the study were unemployed and employed parents. The results of the research describes the efforts of parents in preventing their children from abusing drug, parents’ role as supervisors, indeed, parents should know their children friends, solving family problems, collaborating with educational institutions (schools or universities), collaborating with home environment, morever, it could be understood that to stop drug abuse need all parties involvement. Ideally, it should be started from the family. It is believed family is the first “school” for children. The role of parents however is very important in preventing drug abuse as a role model, a guider, a supervisor, in addition, parents need to know their children friends, to solve family problems, to collaborate with educational institutions (schools or universities),and to collaborate with environment nearby the home.
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Ma'ruf, Amar. "PENDEKATAN STUDI ISLAM DALAM REHABILITASI PENYALAHGUNA NARKOBA." Jurnal Penelitian Agama 19, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v19i2.2018.pp30-47.
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Abstract: Caring is a form of love and affection from a cultured social human. Narcotics in the view of Islam is an something haram if it is misused. Through caring, prevention of various crimes, juvenile delinquency, security, peace, harmony, will be easily done. With this caring attitude, the motto that, "Prevention is better than cure", will really be proven in cases of drug use. Narcotics is something familiar and in this article discusses the understanding and impact of drugs. It can be concluded that any type of drug abuse can damage the moral, physical and psychological condition of children. For that reason, parents must pay more attention to their children to avoid them from drug abuse.
Keywords: Islamic studies, rehabilitation, and drugs.
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Mahat, Norpah, and Nur Farhiyah Zulkofli. "Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Solve the Child Abuse Problem." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 5, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v5i4.166.
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Children always bring so much joy, happiness and laughter to one’s life. Unfortunately, they were al ways being the target to abuse. The effects of child abuse are severe and long - lasting to the victims. While recently Malaysia statistic has reported a sign ificant increment of child abuse cases that have reported in this country. The graph presents a steady growth of these cases without showing any sign of decrement. The victim is only a child, who is innocent, powerless, and incapable to protect themselves without any help, care and support from people around themselves. Hence, this stud y purposed to determine the main factors that contribute to child abuse cases in Malaysia. In this study, FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Pr ocess) are used to determine the ma in factors that contribute to the child abuse cases in Malaysia. The data was collected from the official portal of the Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development. The factors used in this study are family dispute, fo llowed boyfriend, unknown, financial problem, negligence of parents or guardian, illegitimate child, stepchild, adopted child or preserved by others during childhood, alcoholic, gambler, drug addicts, abuser suffered mental health problems, abuser was form erly abused and others. Three criteria consist of perpetrators, type of carer occupations and gender of the victim are taken into consideration. The result shows the family dispute was determined as the main factors of child abuse compared to the other fac tors. This finding is very important for the use of the M inistry of W omen, F amily and C ommunity D evelopment responsible for the formulation of policies and guidelines on the development of children, women and families in Malaysia. This effort is expected to reduce the rate of child abuse in turn giving them a better life.
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WALKER, LYNNA. "Coping with Drug Abuse by Children of the Wealthy." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 20, no. 2 (January 16, 2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6163.1982.tb00151.x.
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Lewis, Keeta DeStefano, Nadya H. Schmeder, and Barbara Bennett. "Maternal Drug Abuse and Its Effects on Young Children." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 17, no. 4 (July 1992): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199207000-00013.
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MOTORCA (BOGOSEL), Monica Adriana, Camelia Liana BUHAS, Flavia Serena SANDOIU, Luca Daniel SANDOIU, Laura Anca LELE, and Alina Cristiana VENTER. "Risk factors involved in physical child abuse of children from Bihor County." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.1.10.
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Introduction. Understanding the risk factors leading to child abuse is useful when developing effective prevention and early intervention strategies. Modern experts who assessed the environment of the abused child reported that risk factors are multidetermined and are derived from three main etiological causes: parental, ecological and intrinsic problems of the child. Material and methods. A statistical analysis was performed on a group of 176 cases of reported child abuse in Bihor County between 2013 and 2017. The collected data was examined with the use of SPSS 2.0 statistical program. Results. Results demonstrate that the most frequent risk factor involved in physical child abuse is alcohol consumption (28.98% of cases), followed by abuser’s nervousness and drug consumption; the least frequent risk factor being abuser’s response to property theft. Discussions. Physical violence can cause both psychological and physical damage to the child. Research shows that when children experience a certain form of violence, they are also associated with a higher risk of being vulnerable to other forms of abuse. Conclusions. The most frequent risk factor involved in physical abuse of children from Bihor County is alcohol consumption, representing 28.98% of all risk factors analyzed. A holistic approach is absolutely essential for eliminating physical abuse of children
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Taqwim, Ibnu, Pagar Hasibuan, and Zulkarnain Zulkarnain. "THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHILD DRUG ABUSE CASES." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 8, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v8i2.16169.
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The inconsistency of law enforcement in implementing the substance of the narcotics law has led to a polemic in the community, especially against cases of drug abuse committed by minors, it becomes unclear, the approach method used in this study uses a normative juridical approach. The research found that children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes, if they are not proven to be dealers, which can be dangerous as a basis for imprisonment for children, it is necessary to be rehabilitated as regulated in the narcotics law. Considering that children who are perpetrators of narcotics crimes are only users and are affected by bad environmental conditions both in the family and the environment. Narcotics in the Islamic perspective is analogous to the prohibition of drinking alcohol. This prohibition is carried out because narcotics cause hatred, hostility, disaster and dangerous disasters, both for users, families, communities and the nation and state. Narcotics are prohibited in Islamic law and producers, dealers and users will be subject to Had or Ta’zir sanctions.
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HANS, SYDNEY L., VICTOR J. BERNSTEIN, and LINDA G. HENSON. "The role of psychopathology in the parenting of drug-dependent women." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002400.
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This paper explores the parenting of drug-dependent women and the contributions of comorbid psychopathology to their parenting. A sample of 32 children whose mothers were dependent on opioid drugs during pregnancy and 37 children whose mothers were not drug users were followed from birth to middle childhood. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted contrasting whether maternal substance abuse or psychopathology was more closely linked to parenting behaviors and continuity in parenting over time. Maternal drug dependence was related to whether mothers were able to remain primary caregivers for their children over time, even after controlling for psychopathology. Maternal drug use was related to unresponsive and negative parenting behavior during mother–infant interaction, but this relation was largely accounted for by the effects of comorbid maternal psychopathology on parenting, particularly symptoms of antisocial and related personality disorders. For those children whose mothers continued to care for them into middle childhood, perceptions of their mothers as rejecting were related to maternal antisocial personality and maternal depression. Substance-abuse treatment for women should be integrated with interventions addressing their mental health and parenting needs.
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Maguire, Denise. "Drug Addiction in Pregnancy: Disease Not Moral Failure." Neonatal Network 33, no. 1 (2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.33.1.11.
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Nurses have demonstrated concern for years about their interactions with pregnant women who abuse drugs. Reports of nurses’ concern with substance abuse have been reported in the literature since the 1980s. As with any chronic disease, drug addiction causes physiologic changes, and the pathology that occurs in the brain drives characteristic behaviors. Research suggests that choices that addicts make are driven by pathology rather than by failure of a moral compass. This article reviews the theoretical explanations for addictive behaviors, describes the pathophysiology of drug addiction that is responsible for the predictable symptoms and behaviors exhibited by women who abuse prescription drugs and other opioids, and identifies nursing interventions to impact positive outcomes. Nurses who have a working knowledge of this disease will provide more effective nursing care to the women they encounter and are better prepared to make a difference in the lives of both women and their children.
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Darmawan, Oksimana. "KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MENGENAI PENANGANAN ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOBA (STUDI KASUS DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA)." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v3i2.256.
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This study is based on the number of cases of children dealing with the law concerning drug abuse. In the concept of human rights, the government including law enforcement officials are required to provide protection concerning the best interests of children, especially child rehabilitation, but on the other hand, there are a number of regulations governing the criminal misuse of narcotics. The research problem is how to arrange children of the perpetrators of criminal acts of drug abuse, and how the rehabilitation policy is given to the child of the perpetrators of the act of drug misuse. The research method used the qualitative approach to a case study. The results of the study show that the Narcotics Act implies that the child is not old enough to be positioned as a victim, since drug abuse is caused by an older person (adult), while the criminal arrangement for children is in the Criminal Justice System Act; the lack of a common perception among law enforcement officials, in relation to medical or social rehabilitation or imprisonment for children; the recommendations of an integrated assessment team (IAT) are often excluded from the investigator; corrections bureau is often excluded from making IAT. The advice given is the need to strengthen the synergy of law enforcement officers, especially related to the role of corrections bureau in the IAT. Keywords: Children, Drugs, Rehab, Law Enforcement, and Integrated Assessment Team (TAT).
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Danish, Ishtiyaque. "Why Our Children Are Killing Themselves." American Journal of Islam and Society 8, no. 3 (December 1, 1991): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i3.2613.
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With the ever-increasing menace of drug abuse in America and elsewhere,there have appeared a host of tudie seeking to highlight as well as to suggestways to cope with thi global problem. The drug-related crisis with whichAmerica is faced ha been discussed thoroughly in this book. Mauri's WhyOur Children Are Killing Themselves is not merely an academic tudy, butis a pragmatic approach which many readers as well as policy makers andthose fighting the drug menace will find interesting, educational, and useful.The book is a sociopsychological study of an America afflicted by drugabuse, a curse which has hit American children especially hard. With moreand more parents themselves becoming drug addicts, American society iswitnessing the worst forms of child neglect, all of which are "threateningto produce a new generation of psychologically deformed youths" (p. vii).Saalakhan has divided the book into three parts. The first portion dealswith the age-old legacy of cocaine use in America and explains how Americancities have become ignominious centers of drug-related crimes. The authorhas used extensive statistical data to highlight the dangerous consequencesof drug abuse. Moreover, he is not content with just explaining the problem ...
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Keeley, Helen S., T. Mongwa, and P. Corcoran. "The association between parental and adolescent substance misuse: findings from the Irish CASE study." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 32, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.87.
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BackgroundSelf-report data from 2716 adolescents aged 15–17 years old in Irish schools were analysed to consider the association between psycho-social factors and the presence of adolescent substance and alcohol abuse, with an emphasis on family circumstances.MethodsData were collected using the ‘Lifestyle and Coping Questionnaire’ which includes questions about lifestyle, coping, problems, alcohol and drug use, deliberate self-harm, depression, anxiety, impulsivity and self-esteem. Two additional questions were added to the standard questionnaire regarding parental substance misuse.ResultsAdolescent substance abuse was more common in boys; parental substance misuse increased the risk of adolescent abuse of alcohol and drugs; the increased risk was marginally higher if the parental substance abuse was maternal rather than paternal; the increased risk was higher if the parental substance abuse affected both rather than one of the parents, especially regarding adolescent drug abuse; the magnitude of the increased risk was similar for boys and girls. Parental substance misuse increased the risk of adolescent substance abuse even after adjusting for other family problems and the adolescent’s psychological characteristics.ConclusionsThis study indicates that parental substance misuse affects the development of both alcohol and drug misuse in adolescent children independent of other family problems and the psychological characteristics of the adolescent. A wider perspective is needed, including societal and family issues, especially parental behaviour, when attempting to reduce risk of adolescent addiction. The impact on children of parental substance misuse also needs consideration in clinical contexts.
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Tomić, Vesna. "Making capable of parents to recognize drug abuse among children." Zdravstvena zastita 47, no. 4 (2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1804008t.
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Kirkcaldy, B. D., G. Siefen, D. Surall, and R. J. Bischoff. "Predictors of drug and alcohol abuse among children and adolescents." Personality and Individual Differences 36, no. 2 (January 2004): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00082-5.
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ROPEI, AHMAD. "KAJIAN HUKUM ISLAM Pandangan Hukum Islam terhadap Penyalahgunaan Napza pada Anak di Bawah Umur." Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v3i2.213.
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This study aims to reveal positive legal and Islamic law arrangements against legal sanctions on the abuse of Narcotics, Psychotropics and Addictive Substances (Drugs) by minors. The method used in this research is content analysis (content analysis). The type of data used is qualitative data. The data collection technique used is by means of literature. The results showed that drug abuse committed by minors is regulated in Article 128 paragraph (2) of Law No. 35 of 2009 which states that a child who commits drug abuse cannot be prosecuted. Apart from that, Article 45 also states that a child cannot be prosecuted until he reaches adulthood. Meanwhile, parents of children who are drug abusers are obliged to report to the relevant authorities in order to receive treatment and / or treatment through medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. From the point of view of Islamic law, drug abuse committed by minors cannot be punished. This is because minors cannot be held responsible for the crime because they have not been subject to legal imposition (khitob) or because they have not reached aqil-baligh.
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Djumalieva, D., W. Imamshah, U. Wagner, and O. Razum. "Drug use and HIV risk in Trinidad and Tobago: qualitative study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/09564620260216344.
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Crack use is an important risk factor for HIV infection because of its association with unsafe sexual practices. We investigated factors promoting the initiation of crack cocaine use; the sexual behaviour of crack users; and their rehabilitation care seeking behaviour in Trinidad and Tobago. We conducted 40 indepth interviews with drug users. Respondents frequently reported a history of parental desertion, alcohol abuse, and physical abuse within the family. They perceived peer pressure and drug use in the family as important factors promoting first drug use. Exchanging sex for drugs was common, and practising oral sex was considered safe. Female drug users rarely seek rehabilitative care because of stigmatization and lack of care for their children. In Trinidad, attitudes towards drugs in society and families need to be changed. Campaigns promoting safer sex should emphasize the risk of oral sex. Rehabilitation facilities caring for female drug users should offer child care.
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Cameron, Paul, Thomas Landess, and Kirk Cameron. "Homosexual Sex as Harmful as Drug Abuse, Prostitution, or Smoking." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3_suppl (June 2005): 915–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3c.915-961.
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In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court said same-sex sexual activity could not be prohibited by law. Analyzing data from the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse ( N = 12,381) and comparing those who engaged in four recreational activities—homosexual sex, illegal drug use, participation in prostitution, and smoking—against those who abstained, participants (1) were more frequently disruptive (e.g., more frequently criminal, drove under the influence of drugs or alcohol, used illegal drugs, took sexual risks), (2) were less frequently productive (e.g., less frequently had children in marriage, more frequently missed work), and (3) generated excessive costs (e.g., more promiscuous, higher consumers of medical services). Major sexuality surveys have reported similar findings for homosexuals. Societal discrimination inadequately accounts for these differences since parallel comparisons of black and white subsamples produced a pattern unlike the differences found between homosexuals and nonhomosexuals.
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Ivert, Anna-Karin, and Mia-Maria Magnusson. "Drug use and criminality among unaccompanied refugee minors: a review of the literature." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-05-2019-0050.
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Purpose Organisations working with children have acknowledged that unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) across Europe are exposed to environments and situations that put them at risk for becoming addicted to drugs or becoming involved in crime. The purpose of this paper is to study an examination of existing international research concerning URM and of whether, and if so how, issues relating to drug use and criminality among these children are discussed in the international literature. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, Sociological abstracts and ERIC databases, which together cover the social and behavioural science and also medicine. Findings Findings from the present review show that the issues of drug abuse and criminality among URM are rarely acknowledged in the international research literature. When the occurrence of substance abuse and/or criminality is discussed, it is often in relation to mental health problems and in terms of self-medication, i.e. that alcohol or drugs are used by the URM to cope with painful experiences or mental health problems, and also with the challenges of integrating into a new society, difficulties finding work, unsuitable living conditions and a lack of social support. Originality/value This review shows that several researchers have emphasised that untreated mental health problems, stressful living conditions and a lack of support and control might put these children at risk for substance abuse and criminality, and this suggests a need for further research in this area.
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Burstow, Bonnie. "Psychiatric Drugging of Children and Youth as a Form of Child Abuse: Not a Radical Proposition." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 19, no. 1 (2017): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.19.1.65.
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Although affirming that the psychiatric drugging of children constitutes both adultism (oppression based on treating adult behavior as normative) and sanism (oppression based on prioritizing what are seen as “normal” states of mind), and noting the role of pharmaceutical profit in what is happening, this article argues that in the strictest sense of the term the psychiatric drugging of children is a form of child abuse. It attempts to demonstrate not only that is this a form of child abuse but also that such a claim itself, as radical as it seems, follows from a combination of drug research and conventional understandings of abuse. The article further examines inaccurate claims about psychiatric drugs and the damage which they actually do. It proceeds to demonstrate that what is happening with respect to children constitutes child abuse as conventionally defined. Particularly focal is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Action recommendations made in accordance with the findings include consciousness-raising and the launching of law suits at all levels.
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Urgessa Gita, Dinaol, Getachew Abeshu, and Berhanu NigussieWorku. "Street Children’s Drug Abuse and Their Psychosocial Actualities Synchronized with Intervention Strategies in South West Ethiopia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (November 16, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1170.
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Today’s children in developing countries are growing up in an increasingly stressful circumstance. As consumption of substances is increased, the of age of beginning is falling. Hence, this research examined street children’s drug abuse, their psychosocial actualities synchronized with intervention strategies. Explanatory sequential research design was employed. A total of 150 street children and four key informants were selected through simple random sampling using lottery methods and purposive sampling technique respectively. Questionnaire, interview guide, FGD probes and observation checklist were employed as tools of data collection. The result of the study portrayed that sniffing glue and gasoline were becoming the drugs of choice for most children living on the street. Further, street children faced various psychological and social strainsfrom absence of meeting their basic social needs and services to certain disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress. Government bodies’ interventions were limited andinconsistentthat only undergoesinformal education thatcould not bring considerable change; it lacks solidity and incompatibility with the number of street children runway over a time in the study area. In conclusion, most of the street children in South west Ethiopia are at adversary peak of drug abuse and psychosocial challenges. Thus, South-West areas Women and Children Affairs Offices, Labor and Social Affairs Offices and GOs and NGOs working on these matters ought to take these issues into greater consideration and act accordingly. In collaboration with professionals, they also need to work on drug free child sensitive preventive and rehabilitation counseling and other psychosocial support.
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Batricevic, Ana. "Children and animal abuse: Criminological, victimological and criminal justice aspects." Temida 14, no. 3 (2011): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1103057b.
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Animal abuse represents a complex social, psychological, criminological, victimological and legal phenomenon whose gravity is increased if a child appears either as the perpetrator or as the observer of violence against animals. Etiology and phenomenology of animal abuse suggest that it tends to overlap with various deviant, delinquent and criminal activities, including physical, emotional and sexual abuse of family or other community members, alcohol and drug abuse, illegal gambling and betting and membership of children and adolescents in street gangs. The author discusses fundamental reasons, causes and motives for animal abuse committed by children as well as the devastating impact of children?s exposure to the scenes of animal abuse on their future delinquent behavior. She emphasizes the link between animal abuse and family violence and analyzes the position of a child as a direct or indirect victim in such situations. In addition, the author estimates the efficiency of existing mechanisms of prevention and state reaction to such behaviours and suggests solutions, which are accepted in comparative law, as potential role models.
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Daeng, M. Yusuf, and Muhammad Fadly Daeng Yusuf. "Legal Protection for Children Victims of Narcotics Abuse in Riau Province." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 3, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0302.265.
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Narcotics abuse can be categorized as a criminal act as regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The method used in this research is socio-legal research. In Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, there is no distinction between the abuse committed by children who are already drug addicts and children who are victims of narcotics abuse and are taking narcotics for the first time, so that these children are combined at the time of the crime. It is hoped that there will be political will from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in order to provide legal protection for children who are victims of narcotics abuse. One of the obstacles faced by the Riau Regional Police in eradicating narcotics abuse by children is the minimal role of parents who are willing to report their children. Therefore, the Riau Regional Police should cooperate with religious leaders from MUI, traditional leaders from LAM Riau, as well as community leaders in order to provide enlightenment to the public about the dangers of narcotics abuse for the future of children.
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Browne, Roy, Shay Keating, and John J. O'Connor. "Sexual abuse in childhood and subsequent illicit drug abuse in adolescence and early adulthood." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 1998): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670000481x.
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AbstractObjectives: This study examines the frequency of childhood sexual abuse and physical abuse in a cohort of opiate addicted patients and looks at clinical correlates in those abused.Method: Fifty-two consecutive patients attending an out patient drug treatment programme were interviewed using a semi-structured technique. Demographic details, details of schooling, marital status and number of children were recorded. The duration of drug abuse, age of onset of opiate abuse, early life experiences of both child sex abuse and childhood violence and a family history of alcohol abuse were also investigated.Results: 21.2% of patients gave a history of sex abuse, with 23.1% of patients having a history of exposure to violence as a child. Those exposed to sex abuse had an earlier age of onset of opiate injection. A correlation between parental alcohol abuse and sex abuse and violence was noted.Conclusions: A history of child sex abuse was associated with earlier onset of opiate abuse in this group of patients. The relatively frequent incidence of abuse and violence in those with opiate abuse must be born in mind when providing treatment. The addressing of issues relating only to addiction leaves earlier traumas continuing to exert an influence on the patient.
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Khalsa, Jag, and Ivan Montoya. "Prenatal Disorders - NIDA: Sub Abuse Comorbidty In Prenatally Drug Exposed Children." Canadian Journal of Addiction 1, no. 1 (December 2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/02024458-200912000-00031.
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Ney, Philip G., Tak Fung, and Adele Rose Wickett. "Causes of Child Abuse and Neglect*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 6 (August 1992): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700609.
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This paper is a study of child abuse and neglect from the perspective of the child. Generally, the mistreatment of children was associated with “poor care” from parents, attributed mainly to immaturity, marital problems, alcohol abuse, unemployment, drug abuse and lack of money. Differences in attribution are noted between males and females, and some differences are noted by the age of the child. When factors other than the causes given by the children were taken into account, mistreatment was significantly related to family break-up, as well as long-term disinterest and lack of affection from the parents. When the children were asked for their “worst experience in life,” the most common responses were “abuse” “family break-up,” and for the juvenile offenders “getting charged with a crime”.
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Nenadić-Bilan, Diana. "Stavovi roditelja o zlouporabi droga i potrebi predškolske prevencije ovisnosti." Magistra Iadertina 13, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/magistra.2817.
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The national strategy for drug abuse prevention recognized the importance of organizing pre-school preventive activities, as well as the need to involve parents in those activities. The research was conducted on parents’ attitudes about drug abuse and need to organize pre-school addiction prevention on a sample of 350 parents of preschool children. The results show that most parents express non-permissive attitudes about drug addiction, positive attitudes about the need to prevent drug abuse, and negative attitudes on the activities of the official institutions responsible for reducing damage and drug demand. However, the results also point to a group of parents who have permissive attitudes about drug consumption, negative attitudes about the need for pre-school drug addiction prevention and permissive attitudes regarding the legalization of marijuana.
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Becker, Harold K., Michael W. Agopian, and Sandy Yeh. "Impact Evaluation of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)." Journal of Drug Education 22, no. 4 (December 1992): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/53nh-r0gm-7qc6-4nq3.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) on fifth-grade students in the Long Beach Unified School District in Long Beach, California. The research suggests that DARE does not significantly change the amount of drug use, which is minimal at the fifth grade level. In general, children receiving DARE during the study period maintained existing levels of drug abuse. Approximately 3,000 students participated in the study. A pretest and posttest self-report survey was utilized during the Fall 1989 semester for experimental and control groups. As DARE programs gain popularity in other school districts, school administrators need more information on the program to decide if DARE should be presented in their schools. Administrative decision-making must consider program effectiveness and curriculum time constraints.
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Pina, Nuri, and Oedojo Soedirham. "DUKUNGAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENCEGAH PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DI KOTA SURABAYA." Jurnal PROMKES 3, no. 2 (May 20, 2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v3.i2.2015.171-182.
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Drugs are a serious problem that need to be solved together. Based on the data from City Narcotics Agency (BNNK) the number of drug abusers in Surabaya is increased. The city of Surabayahas issued local law (Perwali) Number 65 of 2014 about policies and strategies for the area in the field of prevention, Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drugs (P4GN). The regulation has been in accordancewith the healthy public policy. The aim of this study is to determine the government’s support in preventing drug abuse. The special purpose is to determine the achievement of the target, implementationconstraints, prevention, and the responsiveness of the community. The research methods was qualitative approach. Collecting the data through in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. Informants from SKPD that is related to the prevention of drug abusers, employee from BNN Surabaya, and a third resident of drug abusers in Surabaya had selected by purposive sampling. The results in phase to the target is not in accordance with the Perwali, because it still has obstacles ie outreach to street children, and the commitment in activities. The government’s efforts in implementing prevention programs of drug abusers were in conformity with Perwali, including socialization, curriculum integration on antidrug, TOT, the establishment of peer counselor, and the establishment of the youth anti-drug cadre. Responsiveness of people have started going well. People have the awareness and courage to report drug abuse related to BNN city of Surabaya to be rehabilitated.Keywords: government suport, drug prevention, Surabaya
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Toba MR, Roma Tao, Elly Nurachmah, Astuti Yuni Nursasi, Tris Eryando, and Arman Harahap. "Peers Teenagers Healthy Prevent Drug Abuse on Teenagers in School." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1788.
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Adolescence is a period of transition from children to adult. The young undergo metamorphosis physical impact for the progress of the psychological result in adolescents at risk of experiencing health problems. A problem that is often experienced in adolescents between the other Drug abuse. Research objectives to get an overview of the effectiveness of Peer Teenagers Healthy (TEBARS) in the prevention of Drug abuse in adolescents in school, using a quasi-experiment, the sample obtained by random. The results illustrate Peers Teenagers Healthy is quite effective in preventing Drug abuse on teenagers in school, lack of knowledge of the average of 28.83 be 27.59, SD 1.558, p=0.000, risky behavior average of 49.23 be 43.32, SD 4.365, p=0.000. The average appearance Peers Teenagers Healthy before the intervention of 5.3 points increased to 7.8 point. The results of this study are expected to be implemented in schools and developed and fostered more to prevent Drug abuse.
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Syofyan, Syofyan, Erizal Erizal, and Suryati Suryati. "Pemberdayaan Siswa SMA di Kota Pariaman Melalui Aksi Promotif Kefarmasian (Apotek-R) sebagai Upaya Pencegahan terhadap Kejahatan Narkoba." Jurnal Warta Pengabdian Andalas 26, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jwa.26.1.52-61.2019.
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Drug abuse has been so alarming that victims of both young and adult children always fall every day and tend to increase from year to year. Various strategies have been carried out by the government to eradicate this drug crime, including preventive efforts to schools. Pariaman City as a crossing area in West Sumatra is a place that is prone to this drug crime. To that end, in an effort to prevent the occurrence of drug crimes, especially for high school students in Pariaman City, activities have been carried out in the form of pharmaceutical promotive actions (Apotek-R). The purpose of this activity is to know the description of the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City, about Drugs and the influence of the Apotek-R activities on the prevention of drug abuse. The method used in the form of Communication, Information and Education (CIE) uses a pharmacy promotion action (Apotek-R). From this activity information was obtained that the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City about drug problems is quite good. Promotional action activities of pharmacy (Apotek-R) can be used as a model in providing positive activities in efforts to prevent drug abuse among high school students.
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Chauhan, Preeti, and Cathy Spatz Widom. "Childhood maltreatment and illicit drug use in middle adulthood: The role of neighborhood characteristics." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 3 (July 2, 2012): 723–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000338.
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AbstractThis paper examined whether childhood maltreatment increases the risk of living in neighborhoods with less desirable characteristics (i.e., more disorder and disadvantage, less social cohesion, social control and advantage, and fewer resources) in middle adulthood and whether these neighborhood characteristics influence subsequent illicit drug use. Using a prospective cohort design study, court documented cases of childhood abuse and neglect and matched controls (n = 833) were first interviewed as young adults (mean age = 29 years) from 1989 to 1995 and again in middle adulthood from 2000 to 2002 (mean age = 40 years) and 2003 to 2005 (mean age = 41 years). In middle adulthood, individuals with histories of childhood abuse and neglect were more likely to live in neighborhoods with more disorder and disadvantage and less social cohesion and advantage compared to controls and to engage in illicit drug use during the past year. Path analyses showed an indirect effect on illicit drug use via neighborhood disorder among maltreated children, even after accounting for drug abuse symptoms in young adulthood, although this was sex specific and race specific, affecting women and Whites. Overall, child abuse and neglect places children on a negative trajectory that dynamically influences negative outcomes at multiple levels into middle adulthood.
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Preve, M., S. Casigliani, M. Godio, N. E. Suardi, R. Traber, and R. A. Colombo. "Fenethylline (Captagon) abuse: Case report and literature review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S393—S394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.448.
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IntroductionNovel psychoactive drugs (NPS) has rapidly increase in the last years in the drug market as a recreational use. Fenethylline is a theophylline, an amphetamine-like drug, having stimulant effects similar to those of other amphetamine-type derivatives. Fenethylline was used as medicament for hyperactivity disorders in children, narcolepsy and depression, but it has also been used as a drug of abuse under the common name of ‘captagon’. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence for the potential of abuse of fenethylline. We propose a case report and literature review.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the literature with the principal database (PubMed, Enbase, PsychInfo) and we present a case report.ResultsThe effects of fenethylline is characterized by euphoria, derealization, autopsychic and somatopsychic depersonalization, hallucination, agitation and decrease of pain perception.Discussion and conclusionThe primary drug market for fenethyline (as captagon) has traditionally been countries located on the Arabian Peninsula but also North Africa since 2013. To our knowledge, there is no report on the recreational use of fenethylline in literature. The clinical features of fenethylline intoxication were also similar to effects from other amphetamine-like drugs. In our case report, dissociative symptoms are the core of fenethylline intoxication. Further research is warranted to replicate our clinical and qualitative observations and, in general, quantitative studies in large samples followed-up over time are needed. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered [1,2].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Prewitasari, Kuswidianti Dharma. "KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK DI DALAM RUMAH REHABILITASI KELUARGA KEMBANG CAHAYA." Commed : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/commed.v3i2.1283.
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The increasingly modern like-day era, or commonly called the millennial era, is increasingly worrying about the rise of drug abuse. Many users or addicts come from children who are still underage. This is a serious problem for the Indonesian people, because generations are very easily involved in drug abuse cases and other legal actions. Related to drug problems, one step that needs to be done in handling this case by providing rehabilitation to users or addictions through drug use. The most important drug addicts in the rehabilitation center for the former drug addicts. One of the rehabilitation places in the city of Purwokerto under the name Kembang Cahaya Family Community. The Kembang Cahaya Family Community (Kekaca) is a group of organizations that want to use drug addicts in the healing process. Memory is a rehabilitation house for drug addicts who really want to recover on their own volition and not from solicitation. The pattern of family communication in the Messages is very pronounced. Communication that is like a relationship between a father and his children. In addition, activities in rehabilitation are also filled with a variety of positive activities, both spiritual and non-spiritual in order to be converted into the busyness and emptiness of the junkies in a more positive direction.
Keywords: Communication, Community, Drugs, Rehabilitation, Kekaca.
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Rosato, Jennifer. "The Ethics of Clinical Trials: A Child's View." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 4 (2000): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00687.x.
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Until a few years ago, the prevailing view was that children should not be participants in clinical research trials because children were incapable of consenting to such nontherapeutic interventions and are particularly vulnerable to abuse. That view has undergone a significant shift in the last few years, particularly in the context of trials to test the safety and effectiveness of drugs. A number of events facilitated this change, including the widespread off-label distribution of drugs to children and developments in the AIDS epidemic. These social forces have shifted the core ethical question from whether children should be research subjects to when children should be research subjects.The presumption in favor of including children as research subjects for drug trials has manifested itself primarily through two different reforms: a 1997 federal statute and a set of regulations promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that recently became effective. Together they reflect the view that children deserve the same access to safe and effective therapies as adults.