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Mohammed, Fuseina Mama. "The study of the (FCUBE) capitation grant and the school feeding programmes/schemes : a case study of the Ashiedu Keteke sub-metro in the greater Accra Region of Ghana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1195.
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The study focused on the impacts and challenges associated with the introduction of FCUBE with particular emphasis on the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding Programmes in the Ashiedu Keteke Sub-Metro of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data was collected from Six Basic Schools in the Sub- Metro under Circuits 12 and 13. This study found out from the participants that the introduction of these policy options even though has improved enrolment and the quality of education is faced with a lot of obstacles and challenges such as access to school, shortage of teachers, economic and social cultural practices etc. It seems evident from the analysis in this study and observations that despite the achievements of government, there still are a number of children out of school in Ghana and being denied the right to education and therefore the goals of universal access to primary quality education cannot be achieved through the linear expansion of existing public schools system alone. One limitation was that the sample was quite small due to limited time and resources. The study contributes to the understanding of what the various education policies say and what really happens on the ground. It provides a foundation for further studies on a more extensive scale so as to get a broader picture of what the education sector really experience, as well providing guidance for the ministry to take actions that make it more friendly.
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Adzo, Fugar Enyonam. "Exploring nurses’ role in the management of children diagnosed with cancer in Ghana." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1544.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree
Masters of Nursing
in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences
2015<br>Background: Oncology nursing continues to evolve in response to advances in cancer treatment. The role of the oncology nurse in the management of cancer in children is very significant as these children go through a lot of emotional trauma due to the disease. Aim and objectives: The aim of the study is to explore and examine the quality of nursing care given to children diagnosed with cancer in Ghana. Some of the objectives are to examine strategies nurses use in planning care; and to determine processes nurses use to evaluate care given. Methodology: A mixed-methods qualitative cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Population and samples: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana is selected as the research site. The population consists of all nurses working in the hospital and parents/carers looking after children diagnosed with cancer. The samples was nurses working on paediatric wards/clinics, parents/carers, and key informants. Selection of sample groups was opportunistic. Methods of data collection: three sources were used to collect data, i.e. questionnaires for nursing working on paediatric wards/clinics, interviews with nurses and carers, and key informant interviews. Analysis: descriptive statistical analysis of data was undertaken and the three data sources were triangulated to determine similarities and differences of responses. Benefits of the study: The results of the study will be submitted to the hospital management and articles will be submitted to peer-reviewed nursing journals.
Key words: paediatric oncology, nurses, oncology nurses, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye teaching hospital.
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Kwarteng, Kwabena Anane. "Duties & Responsibilities of Children in Ghana : Perspectives of Children and Adults in Kumasi." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17555.
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International children’s rights actors and activists view children and childhood as a special time set aside for school and play without due regard to the duties and responsibilities borne in society. In this way, children under 18 years are characterised by the ideal of the work-free childhood which is now infiltrating notions of proper childhood in many countries including Ghana. On the contrary, children in Ghana are valued for their socio-economic roles and duties that they undertake within the family. As a result, the study aimed at exploring views of children and adults on the duties and responsibilities of children in Ghana. It draws inspiration from the Social Studies of Children and Childhood which proposes children as social actors and active participants in their own lives and in the society. Therefore, this study positioned children as competent social actors and involved them as the principal research participants. As a qualitative study, data were collected using multiple participatory methods such as semi-participant observations, focus groups, story writings, and semi-structured interviews. The fieldwork was conducted in a Junior High school in Kumasi with six boys and six girls as young participants as well as six teachers in the same school. In addition, six parents were interviewed as part of the adult participants. At the heart of the thesis is the gap between rights-based policy discourse that empower children as right-holders and the actual lived experiences of children where they are dutiful human beings. In Ghana, children fulfil multiple roles and duties that are shaped by age, gender, competence, and social maturity. Consequently, they grow up holding multi-faceted responsibilities which they execute within the family. They do not only carry out domestic activities such as cooking, washing utensils, cleaning and so on. But some children especially those from poor families contribute immensely to family income. Children’s perspectives of responsibilities revealed that they appreciate and are appreciated by their families for fulfilling their childhood duties. The study also depicted that poverty coupled with unemployment made a lot of families vulnerable. Therefore, children are required to engage in economic activities to raise money for the survival of the family. Culturally, three values that sufficed from the research were respect, reciprocity and responsibility. These values underlie adult-child relationships and sense of responsibility in Ghana, and create interdependencies within the family. In this context, children do not see themselves as autonomous individuals but as part of the family. Lastly, the study showed that children are able to integrate the three activities in their childhood namely; work, play and school.
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Aheto, Justice Moses Kwaku. "Modelling malnutrition among under-five-year-old children in Ghana." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82143/.
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Childhood malnutrition is a real-life and a chronic problem and one of the global major public health challenges, especially in developing countries like Ghana. Several attempts from governmental and non-governmental organizations to address the problem have fallen below expectation. It is recognised that the existing studies and nutrition intervention strategies are inadequate and hence not working to expectation. This thesis examines childhood malnutrition in Ghana using appropriate and advanced statistical methods to help improve the understanding of childhood nutrition and to better inform targeted public health nutrition interventions in the country. In this thesis, we provided solutions to five main problems: (1) investigated the major risk factors for malnutrition; (2) investigated household level variations in nutritional outcomes of children; (3) explored, modelled and illustrated spatial variations in the risk of childhood malnutrition over Ghana; (4) explored, modelled, forecasted and illustrated spatio-temporal variations in the risk of childhood malnutrition over Ghana; (5) jointly modelled weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) to improve accuracy and reliability in estimates. To answer the first and the second problems, multilevel models were considered. The results showed strong residual household-level variations in under-fives nutritional outcomes and that child’s age, type of birth, child’s experience of diarrhoeal episodes, size of child at birth and months of breast feeding, mother’s education, current age, BMI and national health insurance status, household toilet facility ownership and wealth status were predictive of under-fives nutrition. To answer the third problem, spatial models were employed. The study found substantial spatial variation in the predicted risk of under-fives malnutrition over Ghana and also showed that Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (a marker for vegetation cover), elevation and rural/urban residence status were predictive of under-fives nutritional outcomes. The study considered spatio-temporal models to answer the fourth problem. The results showed substantial spatio-temporal variation in the risk of under-fives chronic malnutrition over Ghana. Our forecasted map of chronic malnutrition showed substantial spatial variation with children from parts of Northern and Western regions being at the highest risk of malnutrition compared to children from other regions of the country. In our forecast maps, the effect of increasing the level of maternal education was shown to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition throughout Ghana. To answer the fifth problem, multivariate response multilevel models were considered. The study found that the residual household effects for WAZ and HAZ are very strongly correlated and that the correlation was stronger for the residual household effects than the residual child effects. This also suggests that after adjusting for risk factors in our model, it is the same as-yet unidentified factors at household level that influence both WAZ and HAZ. The results also showed that there was more accuracy and reliability in estimates from the multivariate response multilevel model over separate multilevel models and showed that the effect of some important risk factors differed substantially across WAZ and HAZ. The findings from this thesis are intended to help policymakers responsible for the health and nutrition of children to design efficient public health policies and targeted nutrition interventions amidst scarce public health resources available in Ghana to better understand, target and to reduce childhood malnutrition prevalence closer to the level expected in a healthy, well-fed population of children under-fives.
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BOAKYE-BOATEN, AGYA. "AN EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF STREET CHILDREN IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN ACCRA (GHANA)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1162599630.
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Madjitey, Pardikor. "The socio-educational development of children of street vendors in Ghana." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46281.
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This thesis presents the outcomes of a study on the socio-educational development of children of street vendors in Ghana. For many children in Ghana, the reality of childhood and a sound education is compromised by premature involvement in economic activities in order to augment the meagre incomes of their parents and guardians to survive.
The research inquiry is guided by the main research question: What are the social and educational challenges in the development of the children of street vendors in Ghana? The study, specifically sought to explore the nature and prevalence of children of street vendors in Ghana; how the familial circumstances of children of street vendors affect their socio-educational development; how life on the street affect the socio-educational development of children of street vendors and what the implications of the findings are for stakeholders and policy makers in addressing the street child phenomenon.
The study was conducted according to the qualitative research approach, guided by the interpretivist paradigm. A case study research design was utilized in investigating six street vendors and their six children who live and do their business on the streets for their stories and viewpoints as to how they experience the life on the street. I used in-depth interview, and observations to explore participants‘ understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon. The theoretical frameworks of Bronfenbrenner and Piaget facilitated data collection and reinforced the findings.
Analysis revealed that children are on the street with their parents as a result of socio-economic problems (such as economic stagnation, urbanization, rural-to-urban migration, inadequate housing, high birth rates, and the absence of government assistance programmes) which have plagued the country for many years. Anecdotal evidence pointed out that children engaging in work is prevalent in Ghana and often constrains the choices and freedom of children and their human rights and socio-economic welfare. Findings further revealed that the extended families play an important role in supporting and maintaining family ties.
It is argued that, when government provides social safety nets for poor families, especially for those in the urban informal sector the likelihood that they will engage their children in, street trade and vending will minimize.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>tm2015<br>Early Childhood Education<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Bediako, Evans Osei. "Children`s Participation in Community Decision-Making Processes : Empirical Support for Children`s Rights in Ghana." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18252.
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Looking at the scientific research data lacunae in the area of children’s participation in community decision-making processes in the context of festival and community forum in Ghana, this research was aimed to bridge the gap. The research was conducted in Techiman municipal of Ghana, using qualitative methods of interviews and focus groups to explore the traditional leaders’ and junior high school children’s perspectives on socio-cultural tenets and rights towards children’s participation in community decision-making. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and content analysis approach were used to analyse the data from the experience of the (11) participants; 10 children and 1 traditional chief. The results from these analyses indicated that age (gerontocracy) and religiosity with their values such as respect and obedience, influenced children’s perceptions of their participation in community Apoo festival and community forum for decision making. It also revealed that children are aware and have knowledge about their legal rights, but their knowledge are mixed up and are limited in scope. In all, community Apoo festival appeared in the results as holding a special potential to children’s liberty rights and helps to break the hierarchy of powers between elders and children as well as cultural norms affecting children. Implications for community psychologists and actors in the field of children’s rights and policy were offered on how festival can be used to influence and to teach children about participatory rights.
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Ohene, Lillian. "Family centred care for children in Ghana hospitalised through road traffic accident." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/16366.
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Road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the leading causes of injuries and hospitalisation of children in Ghana. The sudden hospitalisation of the injured child is associated with anxieties and stressful episodes for the affected families. Family Centred Care (FCC) is a concept in paediatric nursing, which forms the basis of care for sick children and their families. FCC as a product of social constructs differs in cultures and context, despite the universal principles underpinning the concept. There is a perceived lack of knowledge of the concept in childcare practice in Ghana. This study explored the perspectives of FCC among health professionals and parents of children hospitalised through RTA in Ghana. The study adopted a qualitative approach, underpinned by a constructivist grounded theory methodology. Data was generated through in-depth individual interviews using a semi-structured technique. Participants consisted of twenty-four professionals and nineteen parents. Data were analysed using a constant comparative approach and two core categories emerged. Parental presence emerged from parents’ perspective, which generated four sub-categories. These include; managing emotions, negotiating the system, parental care roles, and challenges encountered. The professionals’ interviews generated family involvement; its sub-categories are parental involvement, communication, setting boundaries and support for family involvement. The emerging model of parental presence and family involvement for the care of the injured child in the hospital is the first of its kind in Ghana. The dimensions of negotiating the care system, which includes parents negotiating their social status with the professionals, also, demonstrating their usefulness in the hospital and establishing acquaintances with persons with influential powers within the socio-cultural context of Ghana forms part of key findings and the contribution to knowledge. The outcome of discussing the findings within the existing literature was projected using the Force Field Analysis as a conceptual framework for family involvement in the medico-cultural context of Ghana. The study recommends that institutional policies should reflect family involvement practice evidenced by clear written protocols for the involvement of parents/family in the care of the in-patient child.
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Ibrahim, Kamal Dokurugu. "Exploring the cultural conceptualisations and understandings of child fostering and the concept of the child's best interests among the Dagomba of northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33296.
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Anthropological and demographic studies show that in sub-Sahara Africa a large proportion of non-orphaned children (up to 1/3 in many communities) live with neither parent but often with relatives for a significant part of their childhood. This practice is referred to as child fostering or fosterage. Child fostering is therefore understood in the literature as the transfer, and/or sharing, of parental responsibility of children and young people or simply the movement of children and young people between and within families. The practice is both an age-old and a modern phenomenon which has implications in the daily and future lives of those children involved including their nutrition, health, education, migration and ultimately their best interests. Depending on the context, culture, rationale and families involved in the fostering of a particular child the practice is carried out differently across geographies and sometimes within geographies as a result of which it deserves academic attention. The overarching aim of this study is therefore to explore the cultural conceptualisations and understandings of child fostering and the concept of the child's best interests among the Dagomba of northern Ghana. The study also examines the challenges of existing legislation and policies in Ghana regarding the practice. The study employed a qualitative research approach and involved children and young people, birth and foster parents and professionals who influence policies about children and young people in Ghana. In total, 42 respondents participated in individual interviews. I also used 'spider diagrams' as a supplementary research instrument for children and young people because I considered these child-friendly, fun and culturally appropriate for their ages (See Appendix IX). The emergent themes are explored and discussed in four findings chapters under part four of the thesis. The majority of respondents demonstrated extensive knowledge about child fostering and the concept of the child's best interests. Respondents' critical views and their recommendations for legislation and policy in Ghana are reflected on in the penultimate chapter. Finally, recommendations are made by way of contribution to theory, policy and practice. The research also suggests areas for future research by way of a reflection.
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Amponsah-Amfo, Daniel. "Discipline: An interpersonal approach for elementary school teachers in Ghana." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1425.
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Zitting, Megan M. "Comparison of Iron Supplementation and Albendazole on Anemia in Ghanaian Children." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6425.
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Half a billion school aged children suffer from anemia, with the majority of anemia caused by iron deficiency. Researchers have shown a strong correlation between low hemoglobin levels and presence of intestinal parasites in children with anemia. Childhood anemia has profound negative effects on physical growth, maturation, and cognitive development leading to poorer educational achievement. Using hemoglobin as a measure of anemia, this quasi-experimental study investigated impact of either iron supplementation or an antiparasitic medication on hemoglobin levels in two groups of children in a rural region of Eastern Ghana. Surprisingly, after a 6-month intervention period, hemoglobin levels in both groups significantly decreased. Further research is needed toinvestigate other factors impacting nutrition and incidence of anemia in pediatric populations in developing countries.
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Adom, Theodosia. "Individual and environmental factors associated with overweight among children in primary schools in Ghana." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7219.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Background
Overweight/obesity is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. Obesity in childhood is known to predict later obesity in adolescence and adulthood. Understanding the factors associated with overweight/obesity among children may present an opportunity for timely and appropriate interventions in the African setting.
Aims
1. To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among school children aged 8 - 11 years in primary schools in Adentan Municipality, Ghana.
2. To review the available literature on childhood obesity in the African context to provide evidence to support the design and improvement of appropriate school-based interventions for the prevention and control of overweight/obesity among African learners.
Methodology
This was a cross-sectional study design which was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, the available literature on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among learners, school-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity (PA), and weight status, and key policy interventions at the national levels to provide supportive environments in the African context was reviewed and synthesised. In Phase II, interviews were conducted to collect individual and family data from 543 learners in 14 schools to assess family socio-demographics characteristics, dietary, PA, and sedentary behaviours, and sleep duration. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Data on perceived school neighbourhood/ community, school food, and PA environments were collected from school heads/administrators. A sub-sample of 183 children participated in the assessment of body fat using the deuterium dilution method. Multivariable and logistic regressions, multilevel logistic regressions, and multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the associations among child, family, and school level explanatory variables, and overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and body mass index (BMI).
Results
The reviews revealed the following: (i) The pooled overweight and obesity estimates across Africa were: (10.5% 95% CI: 7.1-14.3) and 6.1% (3.4-9.7) by World Health Organization; 9.5% (6.5-13.0) and 4.0% (2.5-5.9) by International Obesity Task Force; and 11.5% (9.6-13.4) and 6.9% (5.0-9.0) by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively and differed for overweight (p=0.0027) and obesity (p<0.0001) by the criteria. The estimates were mostly higher in urban, and private schools, but generally similar by gender, major geographic regions, publication year, and sample size; (ii) Although inconsistent, school-based interventions broadly improved weight status and some energy-balance related health behaviours of African learners; (iii) On applying the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework, key interventions on unhealthy diets and physical inactivity targeted the school, family and community settings, and macro environments, and broadly aligned with global recommendations.
In the school-based study, 16.4% of Ghanaian learners were overweight (9.2%) or obese (7.2%), with the prevalence being significantly higher in children from middle- to high socio-economic status (SES) households, and private schools. In multivariable regression models, attending private school (AOR = 2.44, 1.39–4.29) and excessive television viewing (AOR = 1.72, 1.05–2.82) significantly increased the likelihood of overweight/obesity, whereas adequate sleep (AOR = 0.53, 0.31–0.88), and active transport to and from school (AOR = 0.51, 0.31 – 0.82) decreased the odds. Using deuterium-derived percent body fat as criterion method, the published BMI criteria was found to be highly specific but with moderate sensitivity for diagnosing obesity among Ghanaian children. Moreover, the BMI-for-age z-scores that optimise sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for obesity were lower than the published cut-off points. Multilevel logistic and linear regression analyses revealed that the school contextual level contributed 30.0%, 20.6% and 19.7% of the total variance observed in overweight (including obesity), abdominal obesity, and BMI respectively. Availability of school cafeteria (β = 1.83, p = 0.017) and shops (β = 2.34, p = 0.001), healthy foods (β = 0.77, p = 0.046), less healthy foods (β = 0.38, p = 0.048), child age (β = 0.40, p = 0.008), school-level SES (β = 1.02, p < 0.0001), private school attendance (β = -1.80, p = 0.006), and after-school recreational facilities (β = 0.89, p < 0.0001) were all associated with BMI. In the mutually adjusted models for all significant predictors, school-level SES, healthy foods, after-school recreational facilities, and PA facility index remained significant predictors of overweight and or abdominal obesity.
Conclusions
The prevalence of overweight/obesity is significantly higher in urban children attending private or high SES schools, regardless of criteria used to define obesity. A number of individual, family, and school-level factors significantly predicted weight status of school children in Ghana. Given that many African governments have initiated policy interventions aiming to provide supportive environments for healthy choices, it is recommended that resources are made readily available for the implementation of these interventions across the home, school and community.
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Nyante, G. G. "An exploration of the experiences and perceptions of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy living in rural communities in Ghana." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8315e76f-aa7a-4532-9cec-c51033cc12a1/1.
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Background Cerebral palsy has been identified as the most common, chronic childhood disability that causes appreciable motor deficit. Building the capacity of caregivers and improving children’s functional capacities through rehabilitation programs could reduce the physical and psychological burden imposed by the caregiving process. There is paucity of information about the experiences of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Ghana especially those who are not receiving any form of care. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and perception of caregivers living in rural communities. Methodology A descriptive phenomenological approach as proposed by Husserl was used to explore the experiences of 12 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy aged between 2 years 9 months to 14 years. The caregivers’ interviews were analysed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method of data analysis framework. Findings Two main themes emerged from the narratives of the caregivers. The first theme ‘Developing personal beliefs to support the caregiving role’ revealed that caregivers developed religious and spiritual beliefs to interpret their children’s condition, perceive the standard of care and negatively their beliefs caused feeling of despair and sorrow. The second main theme ‘Demands that shaped the experience of caring’ revealed the demands included physical, financial and social demands. The essential structure of the phenomenon demonstrated the complex interaction of personal and environmental factors in harmony with the actual demands to influence the experiences of caregivers positively or negatively. Positively caregivers achieve coping, committed to caring, hope for the future and acceptance of the condition of their children. However negatively caregivers described the triggering factors of feeling of despair and sorrow as frustration, lack of understanding of the condition, felt stigmatised and perceived that the child was going through pain and suffering. Conclusion Caregivers derived strength from their religious and spiritual beliefs to balance the demands of caregiving. The new findings could be used as a basis for developing interventions to support caregivers, inform new strategies for rehabilitation care delivery and sensitisation of community members about inclusion of children with disabilities in the future.
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Hashim, Iman Mohamed. "Working with working children : child labour and the barriers to education in rural northeastern Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404101.
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Kukeba, Margaret. "Ethnography of household cultural feeding practices of children under five years in rural northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ethnography-of-household-cultural-feeding-practices-of-children-under-five-years-in-rural-northern-ghana(cac6d660-1ac9-447d-9fc3-1970fdb56df0).html.
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Background: Appropriate child feeding prevents nutrient deficiencies, diseases, and deaths in children. However, only 13.3% of children aged 6-23 months in Ghana receive the minimum acceptable diet. Thus, undernutrition remains high in rural northern Ghana, especially among under-fives. This is showing no improvement despite economic development and implementation of globally recommended nutrition & feeding interventions. There is limited context specific evidence about child feeding in rural northern Ghana. Aim: To examine how culture might impact upon the feeding of children under five years of age in rural northern Ghana. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic study was completed between October 2014 and May 2015. Data were collected in a rural Ghanaian community via participant observation and sixty-one ethnographic interviews with mothers, fathers, and grandparents in 15 households, and spiritual leaders are known as "diviners". Themes were developed through inductive analysis of field notes and verbatim transcribed interviews using a framework approach. Results: The content of a child's diet and the pattern of feeding were found to be influenced by the community's notion of food, taboos, and beliefs which originated in a traditional African religion. Shared household responsibility for feeding children and the gendered and age related hierarchy of household decision making also influenced child feeding. Discussion: This study has shown multifaceted taken-for-granted social and cultural influences on child feeding. Whilst mothers are the main recipients of the official public health nutrition and child feeding advice, the communal structures, living arrangements and social interactions support, enhance, and reinforce the community inclined practices that limit mothers' independent decision making. Conclusion: To effect community change and promote uptake of public health nutrition recommendations, a community wide nutrition intervention approach may be more beneficial than the current approach which targets mothers. Furthermore, community and cultural influences must be understood and considered by health professionals if such interventions are to succeed.
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Derby, Cecilia Nana. "Autonomy and authority in the lives of children who work as domestic servants in Ghana." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2775.
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Limited literature exists on Ghana's child domestic servants, and researchers have found it difficult to locate and study these children. The research for this dissertation used qualitative research methodologies and non-probabilistic sampling techniques to make it possible to interview child domestic servants, their parents, employers and recruiters in Ghana. The findings from the qualitative analyses informed the second part of this study, which was quantitative and tested hypotheses using crosstabulations and logistic regression analyses that were based on survey data from the Ghana Statistical Service. Explanatory variables in the quantitative analyses included lineage, level of education and relationships to the household head.
This study located findings about the processes of children's recruitment into domestic servitude, their working conditions and methods of remuneration in theories of slavery to answer the question of whether or not child domestic servants are slaves. According to the findings, elite households in Ghana exploit children from rural regions because they have taken advantage of a historical practice that allowed children to live with older members of their extended families to provide domestic services and in return, be given the chance to receive formal education or to learn a trade. The participants in the qualitative part of this research described the treatments that they receive from their employers as slavery. Nevertheless, the processes of their recruitment and the age at which most of them accepted such job offers made it difficult to categorize a majority of them as contemporary slaves.
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Lundberg, Johanna. ""We are the world, we are the children..." : En sociologisk studie om barns uppfostran på ett barnhem i Ghana." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-24181.
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Detta är en kvalitativ studie vars syfte är att synliggöra barns uppfostran på ett barnhem i Ghana ur ett utomkulturellt perspektiv. Studien tar ansats i globaliserings- och socialiseringsbegrepp. Den fysiska disciplineringen är en del av socialiseringsprocessen i Ghana, vilket strider mot Barnkonventionen. I denna studie uppmärksammas de motsättningar som kan uppkomma när Barnkonventionen ska implementeras i ett utvecklingsland samt den omedvetenhet som finns kring barns rättigheter. Genom kvalitativ forskning får ni ta del av en volontärs och det inhemska folkets perspektiv på barnuppfostran på ett barnhem i Ghana.<br>This is a qualitative study whose aim is to highlight the children's upbringing in an orphanage in Ghana from a different cultural perspective. The study’s approach is based on globalization and socialization theories. The physical disciplining is part of the socialization process in Ghana, which is contrary to the CRC. This study highlights the contradictions that might arise from the CRC when implemented in a non-Western country and the unconsciousness of childrens rights in a country as Ghana. Through interviews and observations, you will benefit from both my, the volunteer, and the indigenous people's perspective on raising children in an orphanage in Ghana.
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Andrzejewski, Catherine Stiff. "Health knowledge and child health in coastal Ghana : what do people know, how do they know it, and does it matter? /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174678.
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Owusu, Boabang. "Coping Daily with Parental Migration: Perspectives of Children Left Behind in the Berekum Municipality of Ghana." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13869.
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Migration has profound impact on the developmental process of any country. However, knowledge about and analysis of children‟s everyday life experiences and coping with parental migration when they are left behind have received less attention especially in Ghana. It is against this background that the study attempts to explores to understand the how these children cope with the absence of one or both parents, the care arrangements in their everyday life including barriers and the potential to satisfy their basic needs as well as protecting their rights. The social studies of childhood and structuration theory formed the theoretical framework that guided the study. This is because children live within the social structures and are affected by structural conditions as competent social actors with agency. Data for this study was obtained from both published and unpublished sources and from fieldwork. The data from the fieldwork is based on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 15 children (left behind) and 5 caregivers and 2 focus group discussions consisting of 8 informants each for boys and girls in the Berekum Municipality. A non-participant observation was done to compliment these methods. The study revealed that parents entrust children into the care of caregivers before migrating. Also remittances play important roles in the lives of children in catering for their basic needs. It further indicated that, some children receive remittances whereas; others do not receive remittances from their parents. Children do utilise their agency in many ways to cater for some of their basic needs by adopting/adapting a variety of coping strategies to cope with parental migration. Also children sometimes assume the role as parents to provide care to their siblings and caregivers. They also provide care to the family through duties and responsibility they perform in the family. The study illustrates the interdependencies that exist between parent children and caregivers by using the triangle of interdependencies. It was also revealed that children suffer various forms of risks when they are left behind. Some of these include right deprivation (participation in decision making), health, feeding and shelter risks. Based on the findings the study concludes that some of the children live in good conditions and get their basic needs to life. However some of these children do not get support from their parents or sometime get inadequate support from parents forcing them out of school and engaging in other activities. It is therefore important that adequate care arrangements are put in place before parents embark on migration whilst considering the complex individual and social structures.
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Kwaku, Effa Rexford. "Independent Child Migration From Northern Ghana to Techiman Municipality : Perspectives of 'Kayayie' (Female Children Head Poters)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23723.
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In recent years, the north-south migration of children is on the increase and is gaining popularity in the Ghanaian media especially in Accra and Kumasi. Previous studies on child migration focused mainly on boys as well as on big cities like Accra and Kumasi. However, this research focuses on Techiman town which serves as a transit town between resource-deprived northern parts of Ghana and the southern parts where migrants are usually destined. This explores the motives of female migrant children, their decision to migrate, the mode of movement, their experiences in Techiman and the consequences of their migration. The main theoretical perspective guiding this study is the social studies of children and childhood. The study regards the female child migrant as a social actor in the exercise of agency, the female child as both a being and becoming. A central argument in this theoretical approach is that in order to understand children and childhood, researchers have to give them a voice in matters that affect them. Therefore, the study involved children as principal informants. The research was conducted qualitatively. Data collection techniques include participant observation, focus group discussion, semi-structured interviews and migration stories. The study has found out that poverty is the one of the major forces behind the north-south migration of female children. It also identified globalisation through the electronic media, climate change, and children’s desire to free themselves from parents and for wealth as well as other socio-cultural such as force and early marriages compel girls to migrate southwards. The study has also found out that in some instances children take decision to migrate independently. However, parents, relatives and peers also play critical role in children’s decision to migrate. The study documents the various consequences of migration on female children. These include the difficulties associated with their work, accommodation and health challenges. It concludes that migration of female children have both positive and negative consequences like work related risk,shelter related risk and reproductive health risk. I recommend that strategies for poverty alleviation such as the National Health Insurance Scheme should be strengthened.
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Doku, Paul Narh. "The mental health of orphans and vulnerable children within the context of HIV/AIDS in Ghana." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3629/.
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Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has contributed to a drastic increase in the number of orphans and vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the mental health of these children in low prevalence areas such as Ghana. The thesis investigated the relationship between orphanhood, parental HIV/AIDS status and mental health. It further examined the mediating effects of identified risk and protective factors on the relationship between orphanhood/parental HIV/AIDS status and psychological difficulties. Finally, the thesis identified pathways through which HIV/AIDS impacts children by exploring the interactive and cumulative effects of the various risk and protective factors on psychological difficulties. Method: The thesis employed cross-sectional, quantitative interviews that involved 291 children aged 10-18 years and their caregivers that compared children who have lost their parents to AIDS, those who have lost their parents to other causes, those who are living with HIV/AIDS-infected caregivers and children from intact families in the Manya Krobo district in Ghana. ANOVAs, T-tests, General Linear Models, Log-linear Analyses, Chi-Squares and Bivariate Correlations were used to analyze the data that were obtained from both the children and their caregivers. Results After controlling for relevant socio-demographic factors, both children and informants’ reports showed that children orphaned by AIDS and those living with infected parents showed higher delinquency (p <.01), peer problems (p <.001), hyperactivity (p <.01) and lower self esteem (p <.001) than other orphans and children from intact families. AIDS orphans, other orphans and those living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents all reported significantly more depression (p <.001) and relationship problems (p <.001) than those for intact families. Conduct problems as indicated by informants’ reports were generally, significantly higher for orphans and vulnerable children compared to children from intact families. Over 70% of both AIDS orphans and children living with infected parents showed internalising symptoms that were above clinical cut-offs for abnormality. AIDS orphans and children living with infected parents reported more stigma, abuse, child labour and lower levels of SES and lower perceived social support. These factors independently, strongly mediated the relationship between orphanhood, parental HIV/AIDS status and mental health. The interactive and cumulative effect of engagement in child labour and being physically abused heightened the risks for depressive symptoms from 38% to 66%. Neglect and psychological abuse increased the risks for symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder from 26.6% to 67.3%. The cumulative effect of stigma and either child labour or physical abuse substantially increased the likelihood of delinquency symptoms to approximately 67%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that both AIDS orphans and children living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents showed heightened psychosocial symptoms. The present evidence also highlighted the interactive, cumulative, co-occurrence of contextual factors and HIV/AIDS unique exposures to create heightened vulnerabilities for psychological difficulties among children. The findings call for a comprehensive intervention programme that addresses factors specific to HIV/AIDS and contextual variables.
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Ammer, Luise Sophie [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] May. "The burden of influenza among hospitalized febrile children in Ghana / Luise Sophie Ammer ; Betreuer: Jürgen May." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1167402529/34.
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Gallo, Katherine Elizabeth. "Understanding children’s food-related emotions using words and emojis in the United States and Ghana." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34558.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Human Nutrition<br>Delores H. Chambers<br>Although consumer emotions have recently become a popular research area in the sensory and consumer sciences, there remains a need for an approach designed to evaluate children’s food emotion experience. The objective of this research was to understand U.S. and Ghanaian children’s emotion responses to food, using words and emojis. In the first part of the research, focus groups were conducted to understand children’s use of emotion words and emojis in response to an array of food consumption experiences, both real and recalled. Through this study, a narrowed list of appropriate words and emojis was identified for further testing with children. This study also revealed that children readily use both emotion words and emojis to characterize their food experiences. The next phase of the research was conducted in three parts, which each included emotion assessments of children’s favorite and disliked foods, as well a common set of eight products selected to elicit a broad range of emotions. First, the emotion set identified in focus group testing was used by children in the United States to assess pictures of foods. The responses from this study were used to further narrow the list of appropriate emojis and emotion words. Second, the reduced emotion set was used by children in the U.S. to assess appearance and post-taste emotions for the products. Finally, a food image test with the reduced emotion set was conducted in Accra, Ghana with schoolchildren. Fielding in Ghana allowed for an exploration of the considerations sensory researchers must make when conducting cross-cultural research with children. Emotion word and emoji usage was similar between U.S. and Ghanaian participants, although some differences were observed. The U.S. studies were compared, revealing the influence of stimulus type on children’s reported emotions. Results from the actual food experiences (appearance, taste) were more positive compared to the evaluation of images. Finally, among Ghanaian and U.S. children, high frequencies of selection for positive emotion words and emojis aligned with a favorite food experience. Overall, this research introduces a new approach to consumer emotion research with children for use both domestically and abroad.
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Quaye, Esther. "A Qualitative Study of the Everyday Life Experiences of Working Mothers and their Children in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13157.
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This is an exploratory study which sought to know the everyday life experiences of working mothers in the financial sector of Accra, Ghana and their children. The hub of the study was to know how the family life looks like with the new demands of career women. Amongst the aims of the study was to investigate the working mothers ‟involvement in the everyday life of their children and how the children live their everyday lives with a working mother. A qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview guide was employed in gathering the data. The pattern of the questions that were asked was first, a narrative, followed by problem focused questions. Six pairs of families consisting of one mother working in the bank and one of her children were interviewed. The children were elementary school children within the age range of 10-12 years. The Qualitative Content Analysis was used in analysing the data. The results show that, the working mothers experience some form of stress in integrating their work and family roles. They expressed that, they mostly get home tired as a result of working throughout the day. A deep sense of motherhood was clear in their everyday routine, in that, they cared and thought of their children as it is expected of mothers. Their major challenge related to family life had to do with the amount of time they spend with their children which was reduced because of their work. It was also evident from the responses that, the working mothers needed and valued assistance with child care and domestic work because of their multiple roles.
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Anum, Priscilla. "Living with a disabled child : Experiences of families with disabled children in the Dangme West District (Ghana)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13590.
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The general observation of the plight of disabled children and their families in Ghana necessitated this study, which aimed to delve into the experiences of families with disabled children in Ghana as a means of bringing to light what it means to have and live with a disabled child in the Ghanaian context. Using semi-structured interviews as guide, participant observations, informal conversations and narrative analysis, this study explored the experiences of four families with disabled children in the Dangme West District. It explored their experiences of living with the child, drawing on the practical, social, and economic challenges encountered, how they are coping in the face of these challenges, and their perceptions as regard the future of the child. Background data was gathered from institutions and the various communities of the participating families. The focus was mainly on the main caregivers, who in this case happen to be the mothers, but other members of the family were also engaged in informal conversations. Findings show that these families experience stigma, financial strain, strain on family relationships, and lack of institutional support. These findings were discussed mainly through the lenses of the two sub-models of the social model of disability; the cultural model which shed light on the stigma and stigmatization that these families experienced and the structural model, within which the lack of institutional support was discussed. It was recommended that much more need to be done by disability organizations and government institutions to educate the Ghanaian society on the causes of disability through the mass media and also remove negative images of disabled people from the media. Other suggestions include the need for early intervention structures, resourcing of schools and preschools that can accommodate disabled children, and the establishment of parent support groups.
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Manful, Saka Ebenezer. "Exploring the Place of State Residential Care in Providing Services for Vulnerable Children and Orphans in Ghana." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517545.
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Graham, Harriet. "How cultural differences shape the teaching and learning of children with PMLD in Ghana and the UK." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446157.
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Ananga, Eric Daniel. "The drop out experience of basic school children in rural Ghana : implications for universal basic education policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6937/.
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One of the key issues surrounding participation in basic schooling is the phenomenon of school dropout. Dropout is known not as a single event but a process that is not well understood. The rationale for this thesis argues that unless the dropout process is understood, there will be no meaningful intervention to curb it. This study therefore explores the dropout experience of basic school children in Ghana. In the context of this exploratory study, informed by the concerns of achieving education for all children by the year 2015, I sought to gain insight into the processes that lead children to drop out of school, how dropout occurs, the manifestation of dropout and the policy implications of dropout for free compulsory universal basic education in Ghana. The research inquiry is guided by two main research questions: what are the experiences of dropout children? And how is school dropout manifested? Specifically, the research questions sought to explore children‘s understanding and interpretation of dropout, how dropout occurred; what conditions within and outside school do children regard as responsible for their dropping out, and what the implications of the findings are for universalising universal basic education in Ghana. In exploring the experience of dropout children, I tracked 18 children who had initial access to basic education but stopped schooling at some point for their stories. I used multiple methods of data collection, viz. in-depth interviews, observations, photographs and school records. From the data gathered, the following are the main findings of the study: Concerning the dropout process, children experience dropout first as temporary—sporadic, event and cohort based on their economic survival needs and later permanently—unsettled and settled as a result of becoming significantly overage and the diminished value of schooling. Conditions both within school – teacher factor, school practices and processes, and outside – poverty, opportunity cost of schooling, networks among children to encourage dropout by pushing and/or pulling children out of school. As a process, pupils go through three phases – disadvantage, disaffection and disappearance to become school dropouts. It is argued that, to prevent pupils from dropping out of school and to encourage children who already dropped out to return to school. Education policy would have to focus more on addressing the peculiar needs of children who show sights of entering the dropout process. Also, it is necessary to differentiate out of school children – dropouts from out of school children –never enrolled when designing and implementing interventions for universalising basic education.
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Aidoo, Dora. "An analysis of the management of state-maintained special schools for children with hearing impairment in Ghana." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558855.
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To date the management of state-maintained special schools for children with hearing impairment (SMSSCHI) in Ghana has not been extensively researched. As a result, the way such schools are managed is inadequately understood. This research sought to address that lack of understanding. The aim of the research was to examine the nature of the day-to-day management activities in SMSSCHI to refine our current understanding of such schools. Research questions focused on the nature of the day-to-day management; the organisational challenges; the relationships between the SMSSCHI and stakeholders including, the private sector, parents and the Ghana Education Service (GES); the way educational policies influence the management of SMSSCHI; and the boundary issues in the day-to-day management of SSMCHI in Ghana. The research began with an analysis of the relevant literature. The empirical research was in two phases: Phase 1 involved visits to seven out of the 12 SMSSCHI in Ghana to understand day-to-day management practices. Phase 2 explored the relationships between schools and stakeholders in the day-to-day management of SMSSCHI in three schools. The data were analysed using the planning, organising, staffing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting (POSDCoRB) framework. The key findings were that day-to-day management practices were homogenous across study schools. This homogeneity stemmed from the use of centralized planning emanating from the GES to ensure conformity to set policies. This practice led to a limited adoption of strategic plans to address local needs. Organisational boundary issues emerged as significant in relation to the involvement of stakeholders in school management portrayed by the profound influence of the GES and very minimal involvement of other stakeholders as enshrined in the decentralisation policy of the GES. Societal conceptions of disability and the location of special schools influenced stakeholders' involvement in school management. The implications of the findings for policy and practice are discussed.
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Nseibo, Job Kofi. "Exploring the experiences of children and youth with mobility impairments in four basic educational settings in Ghana." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34022.
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Education is a fundamental right for children all over the world. In Ghana, education for children with mobility impairments (MI) is one area that needs attention because little research has explored the experiences of these children and youth in basic educational settings. The research question that guided this research was: What are the educational experiences of children and youth with MI in education in Ghana? Understanding educational experiences of children and youth with MI will allow policymakers, the Ministry of Education, and educational researchers to develop educational support systems for children with MI. This is very important especially in the low-and-middle-income countries like Ghana where resources are limited. This study drew on three theoretical frameworks: Disability studies in education; Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory and post-colonial theory. These theoretical frameworks guided the exploration of the educational experiences of children and youth with MI in four basic school settings (mainstream, inclusive, rehabilitation and special schools) with consideration to the implementation of inclusive education in Ghana. The child development and learning processes were researched in terms of complex systemic interactions between children with MI and their environment, and the advancement of liberation and the colonial legacy of the study in context. Data were drawn from 20 children with MI, from four head teachers and from 20 parents of children with MI through in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. This study revealed inequities in the basic school curriculum within the four school settings. These inequities that existed in the school curriculum contributed to parents not achieving the expected results they had hoped for by sending their children to the rehabilitation centre and the special schools. This study also showed the inadequacy of the educational support systems (for example, student support teams, parents support teams, teacher support teams and education support teams) in the four educational settings. The study concludes that the absence of educational support systems contributed to the struggle that children with MI and their parents experienced during their children's educational trajectories. From the findings of this study, it is imperative to have further research to consider a general basic school curriculum to promote inclusivity in all four school settings. The study critically showed how the experiences of children and youth with MI were characterised by the inequity of basic school curriculum, negative attitude towards disability and the unavailability of an educational support system. This study also contributes towards the development of inclusive schooling practices in Ghana by providing a framework which promotes inclusion of children and youth with MI. The new knowledge not only adds to the limited literature on the educational experiences of children with MI, but also assists policymakers, stakeholders of education and researchers to promote practices that encourage inclusive education.
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SANTAH, COLETTE. "CHILDREN'S MATTERS: NEGOTIATING ILLNESS IN EVERYDAY INTERACTIONS AT HOME AND SCHOOL IN GHANA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/726699.
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Focusing on sensations of not feeling well or illness complaints that have not yet been given a diagnosis by a health professional, this research asks how children in an adult-centered and pluralistic context of health care negotiate their illness experiences at home and school. The ways in which children actively construct, frame and deal with their illness, and the role their social position (gender and social class) in the Ghanaian context plays in this process is explored. The research highlights how children intentionally navigate relations and interactions with adults, make use of their social and physical environment to contest, self-diagnose, self-medicate and to deal with their sensations of not feeling well.
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Quarshie, Emmanuel Nii-Boye. "Public's Perception of the Phenomenon of Street Children : A Qualitative Study of Students and Shopkeepers in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13084.
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Drawing on recorded interviews and focus group discussions with shopkeepers, and junior and senior high school children respectively in Accra Central, this study explores the public's perceptions of the phenomenon of street children in Accra, Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used. Qualitative analyses of the data indicated that both shopkeepers and school children who participated in this study generally have positive and supportive perception of street children. However, the school children tend to be more empathetic to street children; as they (school children) identify more with the street children‟s situation. Informants‟ helping behaviours towards street children were found to be influenced by religious beliefs and media pronouncements and portrayals about street children. The phenomenon was attributed to causative factors beyond the individual street child (e.g., family dysfunctions and parenting deficits, poverty, dysfunctional laws and cultural practices). On preventive and remedial measures, informants suggested cultural, ideological and structural changes in families and the society at large.
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Krefis, Anne Caroline [Verfasser]. "Spatial, temporal, and socioeconomic risk factors of malaria in children from the Ashanti Region, Ghana / Anne Caroline Krefis." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015435157/34.
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Obodai, Evangeline [Verfasser]. "Molecular Epidemiology of Respiratory Viruses associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children from Ghana / Evangeline Obodai." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112133402/34.
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Opoku-Okrah, Clement. "An investigation of the protective effect of alpha+-thalassaemia against severe Plasmodium falciparum amongst children in Kumasi, Ghana." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z421/an-investigation-of-the-protective-effect-of-alpha-thalassaemia-against-severe-plasmodium-falciparum-amongst-children-in-kumasi-ghana.
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Background: The alpha+-thalassaemias are the most common monogenic disorders of humans, characterised by microcytic and hypochromic anaemia. Their high frequency reflects selective advantage against death from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The most common type of alpha+- thalassaemia amongst people of African descent is the -α3.7 deletional type and affects 26-33% of Ghanaians. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of mortality amongst children in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike HbAS, HbAC and G6PD deficiency there remains debate about whether alpha+- thalassaemia protects against malaria and the mechanism for the protection. Methods: 1672 children of ≤10 years were recruited and individuals with G6PD deficiency, HbAC and Hb AS reported to protect against malaria were excluded. 732 children with Plasmodium falciparum were tested for Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and parasite density. The subjects were then categorised into normocytic and microcytic using a cut off MCV value of 76fL and normochromic and hypochromic using a cut off MCH value of 25 pg. Microcytic hypochromic individuals were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction for the -α3.7 deletional thalassaemia mutation. Results: The frequency of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the studied population was 54.1%. There was a frequency of 21.0% for the heterozygous (-α/αα) and 8.3% for the homozygous (-α/-α) alpha+-thalassaemia, resulting in a carriage rate (α/αα & -α/-α) of 29.3%. Among the microcytic patients, geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) values were lower in the presence of an alpha+- thalassaemia genotype (-α/αα GMPD 9015, n=126 and -α/-α GMPD 6852, n=49) compared to normal genotype (αα/αα GMPD 51794, n=358) (p<0.001). Severe malaria (GMPD ≥100000/μL) was less prevalent in microcytic patients with an alpha+-thalassaemia genotype (-α/αα 11.9% and -α/-α 16.3%) than either normocytic patients or microcytic patients with a normal genotype (32.9% and 53.6% respectively) (p<0.03). GMPD values were lower in hypochromic alpha+-thalassaemia genotypes (-α/αα GMPD 1728, n=44 and -α/-α GMPD 7160, n=23) compared to normal genotype (αα/αα GMPD 48997, n=141) (p<0.001), and individuals with Hb > 5 g/dL had lower GMPD compared to the severely anaemic (Hb ≤ 5 g/dL) (p<0.001). The differences in severe Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia as well as the GMPD between children ≤ 60 and > 60 months for both the homozygous and heterozygous alpha+-thalassaemia were not significant at p=0.399 and p=0.207 respectively. Conclusion: The severity of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia measured, as either GMPD or prevalence of severe parasitaemia was significantly lower in both the -α/αα and -α/-α- groups compared to microcytic individuals with normal genotype. Even though GMPD differed significantly amongst all alpha+-thalassemia genotypes, it was not driven by hypochromasia. Among the homozygous and heterozygous alpha+-thalassaemias, children with severe anaemia had a significantly high GMPD than their counterparts who were not severely anaemic making them more susceptible to severe malaria anaemia. No loss of protection was seen in children younger or older than 60 months and therefore the protective effect from severe malaria might not wane with age. The mechanism of protection from severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is not clear, however the influence of microcytosis and hypochromasia on parasite density requires more research.
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Lamptey, Enoch. "Marital Status and Health Outcomes in a Developing Country: Exploring the Contextual Effects of Marriage, Gender, Children, and Lineal Ties on Subjective Health in Ghana." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1499106117494519.
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Tete, Suzanne Y. A. "Narratives of Hope? Displacement Narratives of Liberian Refugee Women and Children in the Gomoa-Budumburam Refugee Camp in Ghana." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-581.
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<p>The refugee problem is a canker in contemporary human affairs without the ‘limboness’ that protractedness adds to it. Yet many refugee situations, especially in Africa, become forgotten emergencies as women assume new roles both at the family and community level, whilst children are born and bred in camps which were meant to be temporary in the first place.</p><p>This study explores the life situation of Liberian Refugee Women and Children at the Gomoa Budumburam Refugee Settlement in Ghana. It examines the livelihood means they employ as a means of coping, emphasisng their security and educational concerns. It touches on the challenges faced by the camp children or the youth a they strive to deal with their situation and assign meaning to their lives. Actor-oriented theories help conceptualise ways in which the refugees display agency in mediating the structures that enable them and/or constrain them in their protracted displacement. In view of the need to find solutions to the refugee problem, the three proposed solutions are examined in the light of the reasons informing refugees’ choice of one solution over the other. The concepts of Space and Place help analyse the realities of the solutions available vis-à-vis the preferred choice of the refugees. Highlighting the importance of hearing refugees’ voice on problems and solutions they consider viable in their situation, a qualitative methodological approach is employed. This is complemented by observations, focus group discussions, informal conversations as well as secondary data sources.</p><p>The analysis relates the data collected to the outlined objectives, research questions and theories. It brings to the fore the resourcefulness displayed by the refugees as they employ various strategies to cope on a short and long term basis. The study has also revealed the refugees’ ideas about “home” as where one makes it, rather than a nostalgic country of origin to which one must return for life to be complete. (S) GBV has been highlighted as an area needing more attention than that accorded it presently if the causes of women’s vulnerabilities are to be addressed in a wholesome way. Suggestions have been made based on refugees’ recommendation as well as that of the organizations in place and the researcher’s.</p>
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Mantey, Efua Esaaba [Verfasser]. "Accessibility to inclusive education for children with disabilities : a case of two selected areas in Ghana / Efua Esaaba Mantey." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068362936/34.
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Hamenoo, Emma Seyram. "Child trafficking on Lake Volta : lived experiences of rescued and non-trafficked children in the Volta region of Ghana." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601652.
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Trafficking in Persons has been a punishable offence since the early years of the 20th Century. Although Trafficking in Persons is known to have affected many, including children, its definition and understanding has been a major challenge to its eradication. Given the pace set by the Palermo Protocol in defining Trafficking in Persons. nations like Ghana have enacted anti-trafficking laws (Human Trafficking Act, 2000) aimed at punishing Trafficking in Persons and providing for victims of trafficking. Despite the enactment of the anti-trafficking law in Ghana, many children are still trafficked on Lake Volta. To explore how the concept of child trafficking on Lake Volta is understood in Ghana, and how children rescued from trafficking on Lake Volta describe their pre-trafficking, trafficking and posttrafficking experiences. I carried out an empirical study in Ghana. In the study, the views of representatives of anti-trafficking agencies, which included government organizations, international Non-Governmental Organizations and local Non-Governmental Organizations, as well as parents and fishermen on Lake Volta, were solicited on what constitutes child trafficking. Also considered within the study is the process through which the Human Trafficking Act was enacted in 2005. For the views of children on their pre-trafficking, trafficking and post-trafficking experiences, both, rescued and non-trafficked children were interviewed for stories of their daily lived experiences. Using in-depth interviews for the adult participants and participatory methods such as glitoto and drawing for the children, data collected were analysed using both narrative and thematic methods. Analysis of findings reveal contradictions within the views of anti-trafficking agencies on what constitutes child trafficking, and who traffickers are - especially whether parents can be traffickers. These contradictions, in addition to the culture of child fostering, and the widely held notion of work being an effective means of training children to become responsible adults obfuscate the nature of child trafficking and stifle efforts to eradicate it on Lake Volta. The study also described the experiences of trafficked children, and such experiences are compared to those of a group of non-trafficked children. Analysis focused on the nature and range of exploitative practices to which the children have been and are subjected. Cycles of trafficking experiences are identified and it is argued that 'home' is not always the safest destination for rescued trafficked children. The thesis ends with reference to the work of Arrnatya Sen (1999) and Nussbaum (2000) who correctly argue that enshrining rights in law amounts to very little in the absence of structures that can empower human beings to develop to their full capacity.
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Amoah, Abigail. "Factors contributing to primary care givers' delay in presenting children with chronic kidney disease for medical care in Ghana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24979.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children has become a public health problem in Ghana. The researcher observed that the primary care givers of these children present them late for medical care. This ignited the researcher to conduct this study to identify factors that contribute to primary care givers' delay in seeking early medical care for children with CKD. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the factors that contribute to primary care givers' delay in presenting children who suffer from CKD for medical care in Ghana. A descriptive qualitative design was used to answer the research question: What factors contribute to primary care givers' delay in presenting children with CKD for medical care in Ghana? Convenience sampling was used to recruit ten primary care givers of children admitted for CKD at the Paediatric Renal Unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data. The thematic data analysis approach of Colaizzi (1978) was used, and the ecological model of Schneider (2017) assisted in organising themes and subthemes. The themes which emerged are: intrapersonal-related factors contributing to delay; interpersonal-related factors contributing to delay; community-related factors contributing to delay; and political-related factors contributing to delay. These were directly related to the research question. A fifth theme which emerged serendipitously is the perceived need for community awareness about CKD. The findings revealed that intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and political level factors influence primary care givers' decisions in seeking medical care for their children. At intrapersonal level factors that played a role were personal attitudes and beliefs; primary care givers' beliefs in traditional medicine as a cure for CKD; their lack of knowledge on CKD and its management; primary care givers' financial constraints; and their beliefs in ancestral spiritual powers for healing. At interpersonal level factors included primary care givers' lack of family support and marital conflicts. At community level factors included primary care givers' delayed referral from the local health facility; incorrect advice received from family and neighbours on management; mismanagement of the disease at the local health facility; and misdiagnosis by neighbours. At political level the distance of the primary care givers' homes from the hospital can contribute to delays. One of the recommendations of the study is development and implementation of a national referral policy for CKD patients to guide health practitioners at the districts. Early referral for appropriate treatment of children with CKD can slow progression of the disease and prevent early mortality. Awareness campaigns need to be developed and implemented by the Ghana Kidney Association to provide health educational programmes for health professionals and communities. Further research using a larger sample or quantitative research methods is also recommended, to gain a better understanding of the factors contributing to delays in presentation of children with CKD in Ghana.
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Kristiansen, Marthe. "The Quality of Life of Children living in Residential Child Care Facilities : A comparative study of three Children’s Homes in Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5319.
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<p><p>This study is concerned with aspects of the quality of life of children in three residential child care facilities (Children's Homes) in Accra and Cape Coast Municipality. It is comparative in its nature and aims to investigate how the material and social structures and supplies of the Children’s Homes contribute to similarities and dissimilarities in aspects of the children’s quality of life, both between and within the homes. The theoretical framework of the study is based on a quality of life approach, where quality of life is seen as an all-embracing conception, which includes a basic needs approach (BNA) and is supplemented by a subjective well-being approach (SWB). The theory of structuration is used to understand how material and social structures and supplies at the Children's Homes affect aspects of the children’s quality of life. The theory of structuration is a framework to investigate to what degree the children are able to act as competent social actors. The study was carried out in two different regions; the Greater Accra Region and in the Central Region at three Children's Homes. Osu Children’s Home (governmental) is located in Accra, the capital of Ghana, Ahotokurom (private) in a peri-urban area outside the city of Cape Coast and Lighthouse Children’s Home (private) is located just outside the Cape Coast city centre. Methodologically this study applies a qualitative approach and includes the triangulation of a variety of qualitative instruments of data collection. The data has been collected through 14 interviews with children from the ages of twelve to nineteen and eight key-informant interviews with the staff at the Children's Homes, two interviews with additional informants, as well as observations and some quantitative data. The thesis concludes that the material and social structures and supplies available at the Children’s Homes have strong bearings on the children’s lives and aspects of their quality of life. The Children’s Homes represents sets of structures that both enable and restrict the children to act as competent social actors. Even though the material and social structures and supplies at the homes determine much of the children’s lives, the children have some degree of freedom to act within these structures and are able to influence their own lives. The degree of freedom to act as competent social actors varies between the homes. At Osu there exists a stronger accumulation of conditions creating poorer aspects of quality of life, such as poor food, shelter, clothing, education, safety, leisure, love and belonging and social networks. The children at Ahotokurom and Lighthouse generally enjoy conditions creating better aspects of quality of life, the only exception being perhaps healthcare. This difference seems to be connected to the type of ownership, gatekeeping, finances, location and contact with the local community.</p></p>
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Ramström, Lars. "Process of leaving the street : -children’s experiences of going from street life to life within an organization in Ghana." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-513.
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<p>This article examines how former street children experienced going from street life to life within an organization. Through semi-structured interviews with six children and one field worker, the aim has been to identify key points that made these children going all the way while other left, but also to highlight challenges and difficulties along the way. Reports from Ghana and other parts of the world about a low rate of success in working with these children made the subject interesting. Findings suggest that the process of leaving the street is more than just a physical move. The ability of the organizations to motivate and assist the children to change character has shown to be very critical for making the children stay within the program. Also the influence and assistance between the boys themselves has been of uttermost importance.</p>
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Bukari, Shaibu. "Parts unknown : a critical exploration of Fishers' social constructs of child labour in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61740/.
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This study from the onset sought to explore, through a postcolonial critique, the meaning ascribed to child labour by fishers in a fishing community in Ghana. The purpose was to inform practice in social work so that social justice might be achieved for working children and their parents. However the study expanded, methodologically and theoretically, to preliminarily include a psychoanalytically informed psychosocial and discursive approach, extending the postcolonial critique to develop a nuanced understandings of the fishers' lived experience of, and responses to, children's work. Distinct from the dominant reductionist and positivistic etiologic understandings of child labour, this approach neither derides child labour as morally reprehensible and unequivocally dangerous, nor romanticises its beneficial aspects and links to cultural and traditional beliefs and practices (see Klocker, 2012). Instead, enables understanding of the fishers as ‘defended subjects' who invest in certain discourses as a way of defending against their vulnerable selves. It also affords a critically reflexive understanding of myself as a ‘defended researcher', owing to my semi-insider position as a former child labourer, and of the impact of this on my research relationships and findings. The study is intended to inform social worker practices in order to deal with complex situations concerning the relationship among fishers and their children paying equal attention both to the inner and the social circumstances of the fishers (Wilson, Ruch, Lymbery, & Cooper, 2011). In this regard it is inspired by Mel Gray's (2005) contention that social work practice should be shaped by the extent to which local social, political, economic, historical and cultural factors, as well as local voices, mould and shape social work responses. The study is conducted using critical ethnographic design that draws on the lived experiences of 24 fishers. Attempts were made to explore the fishers' experiences using psychoanalytically informed method (FANI) in addition to other conventional methods. The study highlights the fishers' use of narratives of slavery to explicate child labour. It focuses on the relationships that the fishers' have developed with their children and with the laws surrounding the use of children in work. It gives an indication of how the fishers' violently and aggressively relate with their working children. It also highlights the fishers' rejection of the laws surrounding child labour as being foreign and an imposition which excludes customary laws. The study further examines the identities the fishers developed in relation to laws that regulate them and children's work. It suggests that others see the fishers as powerless subjects who don't matter. It also underscores my shame and worries as a researcher considered by the fishers as an ‘educated elite' who works for ‘white people'. It further highlights how I provided self-justifying explications to defend myself as a researcher. The findings imply that solutions to child labour need to be localised paying equal attention to both the psyche and the social life of the fishers. They speak to the imperative for critical review of social workers/NGOs practices taking into account the unconscious processes that go on between fishers as parents and social workers as service providers. This thesis introduces a psychosocial dimension and insight into debates on child labour in Ghana.
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Sowah, Obed Adjei. "The practice of Early Childhood Education and Care in a selected preschool in Accra, Ghana : Perspectives of children, teachers and parents." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17571.
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Over the past decades, early childhood education and care have been hidden from public awareness but has now become a current issue on the international agenda, in Africa, as well as in Ghana. However, knowledge about and analysis of children everyday life experience and their perception about the practices in their early childhood institution have received less attention especially in Ghana. Considering the cultural settings of Ghana, children are hardly consulted to provide their own account of matters that concern them rather their significant adults are used as their proxy raters. It is against this background that the study aims to ‘listen to the children’s voices’ and to place their views alongside the perceptions of their significant adults. The study draws inspiration from the Social Studies of Children and Childhood and the Liberationist thesis under children’s rights and position children as right-holders and social actors who are active participants in their own lives and in the society in which they live. Therefore, this study involved children as the principal informants alongside their significant adults. As a qualitative study which is ethnographic inspired, data were collected using multiple participatory methods such as participant observations, focus groups discussion, drawings and semi-structured interviews. The fieldwork was conducted in a selected preschool in Accra with ten children as the main informants as well as six teachers in the same institution. In addition, six parents of the children in the institution were interviewed as part of the adult informants. The study revealed that the reasons for attending early childhood institution are; children were seen as the future insurance for their parents; economic as well as promoting school readiness. The features that determine parents and teachers understanding about "high quality" ECEC is the component of the curriculum, the nature of the school environment and the attribute of the teachers. The study also reveals that in their everyday lives in the school, the children integrate responsibilities, academic work and play. It also came to light that the parents and teachers emphasize academic work as the main form that preschool should take as against play but the children suggested otherwise. As an institution, it is confronted with different challenges and these were identified by the informants and they suggested various solutions to help curb some of these challenges.
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Offei, Yaw Nyadu [Verfasser], Frans [Akademischer Betreuer] Coninx, and Ad [Akademischer Betreuer] Snik. "Educational audiology in Ghana - developing screening tools for hearing in infants and children / Yaw Nyadu Offei. Gutachter: Frans Coninx ; Ad Snik." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038486661/34.
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Nimoh, Felix Geoffrey. "The financial impact of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on parental capabilities to support their children in six primary schools in Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250687.
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Akparibo, Robert. "A realist evaluation of community-based model used to treat children suffering from severe-acute malnutrition in non-emergency context in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6671/.
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Background: The effectiveness of community-based programmes to treat children suffering from Severe-Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is well documented following their implementation in emergency situations. However, little evidence exists to understand whether these programmes when implemented in non-emergency situation can also achieve successful outcomes. It is only recently (2007) that the community-based approach was approved by the WHO, and adopted by governments of developing countries to be implemented as part of routine health care services. Since then little or no organised research has explored whether the approach has achieved success or not in non-emergency context. It is for this reasons that this research was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the approach in a non-emergency context in Ghana. The aim was to understand the potential impact of community-based programme to treat children suffering from acute malnutrition, as well as identify factors within the Ghanaian context that could potentially influence community-based programmes effectiveness. Method: we adopted a realist mixed method approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the community-based SAM management programme in Ghana. This approach incorporates quantitative and qualitative methods to understand what works, how and why. Quantitative methods were used to retrospectively collect and analyse data of children who attended the programme between July 2010 and January 2011 in Upper East Region. STATA version 11 was used to analyse the data to estimate the proportion of children who recovered, died and defaulted. Multiple backwards logistic regression was used to assess possible predictors of the outcomes achieved. Contextual factors (barriers and facilitators of programme impact) were assessed using qualitative investigation approach. Using this method, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with stakeholders, including services providers and beneficiaries of the programme to collect in-depth data. The data were transcribed and analysed using a framework approach. Findings: A total of 525 children were enrolled in the programme within the study period. However, only 488 children data were analysed because incomplete data were recorded for 37 children. Of 488 children data analysed, 30% (n=146) did not complete the programme. Of the non-completers, 28% (n=138) has dropped out, and 1.6% (n=8) died. 72% (n=350) of the children recovered from SAM. This proportion include 2% (n=8) of the children who dropped out. Recovery and mortality rates compared favourably with the Sphere acceptable indicators1. Default rate however was comparatively higher and nearly double the Sphere acceptable indicators. The regression analysis suggests no correlation between the variables tested and higher dropouts. However, the qualitative findings, suggest that contextual factors: distance to treatment centre, lack of support from husbands, busy schedule of women, community believes in traditional medicine as a cure for malnutrition, and health system factors: lack of incentives for health workers and volunteers, and inadequate health workers leading to insufficient monitoring of the programme and lack of counselling of caregivers, were potential reasons for the higher dropouts rates recorded. Conclusion: The findings suggest that community-based programme can achieve success when mainstreamed within routine health services and implemented in non-emergency context. However, success in this context can be diluted by higher default, if factors causing this are not identified and addressed. Health systems strengthening could also be a sure way to ensure success, as well as improve impact of community-based programmes in Ghana.
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Anin, Stephen Kofi [Verfasser]. "Effects of Traditional Cereal Processing Methods on Complementary Meal Ingredients: Potential Risk Factors of Malnutrition amongst Children in Northern Ghana / Stephen Kofi Anin." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234655764/34.
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Tettegah, Christine A. N. "'Streetism' or living in the street : an emerging phenomenon as a way of life in developing countries : a case study of children living on the streets of Ghana." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13703/.
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There is an alarming increasing number of children living either partially or permanently on the streets of African countries. This research has been undertaken with children who live their lives more permanently on the streets of Accra the capital city of Ghana. The study is focused on their survival strategies and investigates the detail of their day to day lives on the street. In addition, this thesis illustrates the home experiences of these Street children prior to their coming onto the street. These experiences include poverty, neglect and abuse. On the street, the life of the children is full of the struggle for survival and is. characterised by the complexities of the Street Children's vulnerability as well as their resilience. The study reveals interactions and negotiations that go on between Street Children and their community, their peers and other people they come across in their settings, for their mental, emotional and physical wellbeing.
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Vu, Thi Lan. "Determinants of utilization of insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention among children under five years of age in Ghana: A secondary analysis of the National Malaria Indicator Survey Data 2016." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397980.
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Background: Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most effective prevention measures against malaria. Malaria is highly endemic in Ghana. The country implemented mass distribution campaigns of ITNs to cover 80% to 95% of the population but the rate of ITNs use among children under 5 years was 52%, which was lower than the universal coverage target of 100%. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with ITNs utilization among children under 5 years in Ghana. Methods: This was a secondary analysis from cross-sectional data of 3,029 children under five years obtained from Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey 2016. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify the determinants of ITNs utilization among children under 5 years in Ghana. Results: Size of the household, number of children ≤5 years old in the household, household wealth index, education level of mother, knowledge of mother on the protection of mosquito nets, place of residence, and region of residence were found to be significantly associated with ITNs utilization in children under 5 years. Conclusion: More interventions are needed to promote the use of ITNs to protect children against malaria. Interventions should focus on households with more than 7 members, households with more than 3 childrens ≤5 years, and on promoting girl’s education.