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Marks, Florian, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Frank Hünger, Nimako Sarpong, Samuel Ekuban, Alex Agyekum, Bernard Nkrumah, et al. "Typhoid Fever among Children, Ghana." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 11 (November 2010): 1796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1611.100388.
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Nyarko, Samuel Harrenson, and Anastasia Cobblah. "Sociodemographic Determinants of Malaria among Under-Five Children in Ghana." Malaria Research and Treatment 2014 (December 14, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304361.
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Background. Malaria is an entrenched global health challenge particularly in the sub-Saharan African countries. However, in Ghana, little is known about the determinants of malaria prevalence among under-five children. As such, this study sought to examine the sociodemographic factors that determine malaria among under-five children in Ghana. Methods. This paper used secondary data drawn from the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Bivariate analysis and complementary log-log regression models were used to examine the determinants of malaria prevalence among under-five children in Ghana for the study period. Results. The results therefore revealed that region of residence, age of child, and ownership of mosquito net were the key predictors of malaria cases among under-five children in Ghana for the five-year period preceding the survey. Conclusion. It is therefore imperative that special education on prevention of malaria should be intensified by the National Malaria Control Programme in all the regions in order to reduce malaria prevalence particularly among under-five children in Ghana.
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Tawiah, E. O. "Infant and Child Health: Evidence From Four Sub-Saharan African Countries." IBADAN JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2005): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ijss/5002.30.0230.
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This paper examines infant and child health inequalities in Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, and Tanzania using data from three Demographic and health surveys (DHS) conducted in Ghana (1998), Nigeria (1999), and Kenya (1998), and the 1999 Tanzania Reproductive and Child Health Survey. Childhood vaccination coverage varies across countries. In Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania more than 60% of children aged between 12 and 23 months have been fully vaccinated. Immunization rates are particularly low in Nigeria (16.8% fully vaccinated). Girls are slightly less likely to be immunized than boys except in Nigeria. Breastfeeding is almost universal in the four countries. The median duration of any breastfeeding among children under three years varies from 18. 5 months in Nigeria to 21.5 months in Ghana. It is 20.9 months in Kenya and Tanzania. There is considerable chronic malnutrition among children in the four countries. The prevalence of acute respiratory infection was much higher in Kenya (20.1 %) than in Nigeria (13.1%), Ghana (13.8%), and Tanzania (13.9%). There is not much difference by sex. In Ghana and Tanzania, male children are more likely to be taken to a health facility or provider for treatment than female children, while in Nigeria and Kenya the boot is on the other foot. The percentage of children with fever is also highest in Kenya (42.3%), followed by Tanzania (35.1%), Nigeria (30.2), and Ghana (26.8%). Ghana has the highest prevalence rate of diarrhea (17.9%), while Tanzania has the lowest (12.4%). The corresponding percentages are 17.1 and 15.3 for Kenya and Nigeria, respectively. The predictors of receiving medical treatment jar diarrhea in Nigeria are region of residence and level of education. Region of residence emerges as the 1I10Stimportant predictor in both Ghana and Kenya, while it is birth order in Tanzania. Two policy implications have been highlighted.
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Kobbe, Robin, Stefanie Kramme, Benno Kreuels, Samuel Adjei, Christina Kreuzberg, Marcus Panning, Ohene Adjei, Bernhard Fleischer, and Jürgen May. "Q Fever in Young Children, Ghana." Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 2 (February 2008): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1402.070971.
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Kassah, Alexander Kwesi, Bente Lilljan Lind Kassah, and Tete Kobla Agbota. "Abuse of disabled children in Ghana." Disability & Society 27, no. 5 (August 2012): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2012.673079.
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Mohammed, Kamaldeen, Abdul Razak Abubakari, Daniel Amoak, Roger Antabe, and Isaac Luginaah. "Geographic disparities in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): e0291328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291328.
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Globally, there has been tremendous advancement in medicine and child healthcare with increased life expectancy. That notwithstanding, the risk of under-five mortality ─ children dying before their fifth birthday remains relatively high in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa such as Ghana. In Ghana, under-five mortality remains a major public health problem that requires significant policy interventions. Using data from the 2017 Maternal Health Survey (n = 4785), we examined the geographic disparities in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana. The Kaplan Meier estimator showed significant (Log-rank: p< 0.001) rural-urban differences in the time to under-five mortality in Ghana. A disaggregated cox proportional hazards analysis showed that despite wide consensus that children in urban areas have a high survival rate, children in urban areas in northern regions of Ghana, especially the Upper West (HR = 4.40, p < 0.05) and Upper East (HR = 5.37, p < 0.01) Regions were significantly at increased risk of dying before the age of five compared to children in urban areas in the Greater Accra Region. A rural-urban comparison showed that children born in rural areas in all the other regions of Ghana were at a higher risk of dying before the age of five when compared to their counterparts in the rural areas of Greater Accra Region. Other factors such as sex of child, mothers’ age and use of the internet, number of household members, ethnicity and household wealth were significantly associated with the timing of under-five mortality in Ghana. Healthcare policies and programs such as immunizations and affordable child healthcare services should be prioritized especially in rural areas of regions with a high risk of child mortality. Also, there is a need to improve healthcare delivery in urban areas, particularly in northern Ghana, where deplorable healthcare service infrastructure and delivery coupled with high poverty rates put children at risk of dying before their fifth birthday.
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Immurana, Mustapha, and Arabi Urma. "Demand for measles and yellow fever vaccines for children in Ghana: are socio-economic, demographic and Geographic factors relevant?" International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 4, no. 2 (August 29, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaes.v4i2.6526.
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One of the best ways of Preventing Measles and Yellow fever which are dangerous killers of children is through vaccination. Therefore given the absence of research to the best of our knowledge on the factors that affect demand for Measles and Yellow fever vaccines among children in Ghana, this study investigated the socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors that affect the demand for Measles and Yellow fever vaccines among children in Ghana. By using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and the binary probit model, the study among other findings revealed that, Children in the Western region were less likely to have received both the Measles 1 and Yellow fever vaccines. Also urban children and children with unemployed mothers were found to be less likely to have received the Measles 1, Measles 2 and Yellow fever vaccines relative to rural children and children with employed mothers respectively. Also Traditional/Spiritualist/No religion faith children were found to be less likely to have received the Yellow fever vaccine. Further, uneducated mothers, mothers without health insurance and non-wealthy households were found to be less likely to demand the Measles 2 vaccine for their children. This study therefore concludes that Socio-Economic, Demographic and Geographic Factors are relevant determinants of demand for measles and yellow fever vaccines among children in Ghana.
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Mills, Abigail Adubea. "Inclusive Education for Children with Intellectual Disability (ID) in Ghana." Advances in Social Work 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): 329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22539.
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Inclusive education in Ghana is in its infancy. Due to the wide array of challenges that may be encountered in the effort to implement inclusive education, programs are needed that involve a cross-section of professionals including social workers. In this study, in-depth face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from 15 educators and social workers about the challenges associated with inclusive education for children with intellectual disability (ID) in Ghana and the implications that these challenges have for social work practice in the education system. Some key roles that social workers can play in inclusive education in Ghana include intensifying public awareness to curb misconceptions about IDs, and serving as liaisons between the school, home, and community. A system is needed that fosters effective collaboration between educators and social workers to enhance educational outcomes for children with ID in inclusive school settings in Ghana.
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Larsen-Reindorf, R., E. Otupiri, J. E. Anomah, B. M. Edwards, B. Frimpong, B. Waller, M. E. Prince, and G. J. Basura. "Paediatric hearing loss: a community-based survey in peri-urban Kumasi, Ghana." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 133, no. 09 (August 22, 2019): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215119001658.
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AbstractBackgroundPaediatric hearing loss rates in Ghana are currently unknown.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in peri-urban Kumasi, Ghana; children (aged 3–15 years) were recruited from randomly selected households. Selected children underwent otoscopic examination prior to in-community pure tone screening using the portable ShoeBox audiometer. The LittlEars auditory questionnaire was also administered to caregivers and parents.ResultsData were collected from 387 children. After conditioning, 362 children were screened using monaural pure tones presented at 25 dB. Twenty-five children could not be conditioned to behavioural audiometric screening. Eight children were referred based on audiometric screening results. Of those, four were identified as having hearing loss. Four children scored less than the maximum mark of 35 on the LittleEars questionnaire. Of those, three had hearing loss as identified through pure tone screening. The predominant physical finding on otoscopy was ear canal cerumen impaction.ConclusionPaediatric hearing loss is prevalent in Ghana, and should be treated as a public health problem warranting further evaluation and epidemiology characterisation.
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Ackaah, W. "Road traffic fatalities among children in Ghana." Injury Prevention 16, Supplement 1 (September 1, 2010): A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2010.029215.254.
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Orme, Julie, and Michael M. O. Seipel. "Survival strategies of street children in Ghana." International Social Work 50, no. 4 (July 2007): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807077909.
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ADDY, P. "CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN DIARRHOEAL CHILDREN IN KUMASI, GHANA." Lancet 327, no. 8483 (March 1986): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91119-0.
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Immurana, Mustapha, and Arabi U. "Determinants of demand for subsequent doses of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for children less than five years of age in Ghana." International Journal of Health 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v4i2.6214.
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The mortality of children which has pneumonia and diarrhoea as some of its major causes remains a major concern for all countries of which Ghana is no exception. Ghana’s current child mortality rate is far above the sustainable development goal 3.2. However, given that vaccination is one of the most effective ways of preventing childhood diseases, it was surprising that, the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey (GDHS) report showed a falling up-take or coverage in the successive doses of the pneumococcal (pneumonia vaccine) and rotavirus (diarrhoea vaccine) vaccines among children in Ghana. This study therefore using data from the children’s recode file of the 2014 GDHS, investigated the determinants of demand for subsequent doses of the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for children in Ghana by employing the binary probit model. The study among other findings revealed that, unemployed mothers were less likely to demand for the subsequent and initial doses of both the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for their children. Also male household heads were revealed to be less likely to demand for all the doses of the rotavirus vaccines for children. In addition, single mothers were also revealed to be less likely to demand for all the subsequent doses of the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines. Therefore targeting unemployed and single mothers as well as women empowerment through job opportunities coupled with public education, especially of household heads, would serve as effective tools in tackling the falling demand for subsequent doses of the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for children in Ghana.
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Okorley, Ernest L. "Farm Operations and Injury Risks to Children in Cocoa Households in the Western Region of Ghana: Implications for Extension Education." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 24, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2016.24106.
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Cocoa remains the most important cash crop in Ghana, with the Western Region being the leading producer. More recently, concerns have been raised about ethical cocoa production, especially regarding child labour. Drawing on historical sources and a survey, the research assessed the injury risks of children in cocoa farming in the Western Region of Ghana and its implications for extension education. The study concludes that cocoa farm households in Ghana, typically in Western Region, engage children in the households in almost all aspects of cocoa production operations as a way of socializing them into the family cocoa production business – a complex and socially tolerable practice in Ghana. The extent of engagement however, is low across the operations. The operations engaged by the children are generally repetitive and include carrying loads, land preparation, planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, and breaking cocoa pods. More importantly, the study concludes that cocoa farmers are more at risk to injuries caused by repetitive strain, and lifting and carrying of loads, which are the work normally done by children. Nonetheless, the focus of extension education in Ghana has been on adult farmers in design and content. To effectively manage the risk associated with this complex phenomenon, the study emphasized the need for a holistic extension education that includes child-sensitive labour practices in cocoa production, focusing on the entire farm household. This will best empower cocoa households to ethically and health-wise socialise children as part of a livelihood system for sustainable cocoa production.
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Ampah, Augustina. "Overview of Respiratory Tract Infections among Children under Five Years in Ghana." Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases 14, no. 3 (September 12, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3293.
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It is well-documented that respiratory tract infections, especially in children, have the highest incidence and mortality rates in developing countries. Infections of the sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs are collectively referred to as Respiratory Tract Infections by the National Health Services (NHS). According to the statistics, in Ghana, the seasonal patterns of reported paediatric cases were different in the Northern sector than in the Central and Southern sectors. Hospitalization rates for children in the Volta Region showed clear seasonal trends, with most ailments being more common during the dry seasons than the wet ones. The purpose of this study is to examine respiratory tract infections among children under five years in Ghana. This will give readers and policy makers the nature and the condition of RTIs among children in Ghana. The study used the systematic review method to achieve this objective. The type of systematic review method used was the rapid review, which uses existing research documents and data to draw new findings.
The study found that, there is high rate of respiratory tract infections among children in Ghana. This is attributed to many factors. Poor breastfeeding and supplemented eating in early life may lead to childhood wasting, the leading cause of mortality in under-5s with poorer RTI worldwide. Severe acute malnutrition is one of numerous socioeconomic variables that have increased pneumonia, diarrheal illness, and malaria prevalence and severity. Other variables that have contributed to this rise including low birth weight, under-vaccination, parental smoking, early childhood respiratory impairment owing to indoor air pollution, other diseases, and overcrowding.
This study recommends that, much attentions should be given to children in Ghana. Prevention strategies for RTIs include frequent nutritional programs, campaigns, and education in the district to address stunting and underweight in children younger than five, as well as correct complementary feeding. Further population-based study in different parts of Ghana might strengthen these results.
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Alhassan, Abdul Rauf, and Musah Yakubu. "Determinants of under-five anaemia in the high prevalence regions of Ghana." F1000Research 11 (June 30, 2022): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.121657.1.
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Introduction: Anaemia is a serious public health issue that mostly affects children and women throughout their lives, resulting in a high morbidity and mortality burden. It is the third most dominant cause of hospital admission among children under-five in Ghana and the fourth leading cause of under-five mortality in Ghana. This study aims to identify the determinants of under-five anaemia in the high prevalent regions of Ghana using the Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey (2019 GMIS). Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey (2019 GMIS). The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables was established using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression model. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance of the study. Results: There were 913 eligible under-five children for this study, with 50.2% males and 49.8% females. The prevalence of under-five anaemia recorded in this current study for the three northern regions was 68.0%. The region with dominant (72.9%) prevalence was the Upper East region. Children of lower age group were more likely to be diagnosed with anaemia (P < 0.05). Children with female household heads were 35% less likely to be diagnosed with anaemia (AOR=0.65, 95% C.I.= 0.421-0.995). Those who had mothers with higher educational attainment were 79% less likely to be diagnosed with anaemia (AOR=0.21, 95% C.I.=0.085–0.541). Finally, those with history of fever in the last weeks were 62% more likely (AOR=1.62, 95% C.I. = 1.155–2.282). Conclusions: The high prevalence in the three northern regions of Ghana can be corrected with women empowerment through higher formal educational achievement and improved income status.
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Duffin, Steven R., and Marcus L. Duffin. "Use of Fluoride and Silver Ion Compounds in Three International School Based Oral Health Programs – A Case Report." Journal of Public Health International 3, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3541.
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Untreated dental caries in children is one of the most common diseases and largest public health problems in the world. A novel caries management program, using 50% silver nitrate, 38% silver diamine fluoride, and 5% sodium fluoride varnish, was developed at Shoreview Dental, LLC, a private dental practice in Oregon USA, and then introduced into schools in Ecuador, Ghana, and Bolivia. Cavitated carious lesions were treated with 50% silver nitrate, followed by covering with 5% sodium fluoride varnish, three times over two weeks for 165 children in Ecuador at initial assessment, 3 months, and 6 months. This protocol was repeated for 271 children in Ghana at initial assessment and 12 months. In Bolivia, 130 children were treated with 38% silver diamine fluoride, followed by covering with 5% sodium fluoride varnish, once per visit at initial assessment, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. The percentage of children with active cavitated carious lesions at initial evaluation was 92.7% (Ecuador), 55.4% (Ghana), and 92.3% (Bolivia). The final arrest rate of treated surfaces was 98.8% (Ecuador), 67.6% (Ghana), and 90.2% (Bolivia). Effectiveness of cavitated caries lesion arrest is increased when it is thoroughly cleaned and dried before the treatment protocol. Further optimization is obtained when this protocol is repeated multiple times.
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Ocansey, Reginald, Richmond Aryeetey, Seidu Sofo, Margaret Badasu Delali, Prince Pambo, and Vida Korleki Nyawornota. "Results from Ghana’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, s1 (January 2014): S58—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0171.
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Background:Limited evidence exists on indicators of physical activity (PA) and guidelines for children and youth in Ghana, despite the growing burden of physical inactivity, obesity, and related morbidity. A baseline description of PA indicators of Ghanaian children and youth is hereby presented in the 2014 Ghanaian Physical Activity Report Card.Methods:Data for the report card were obtained from a very limited available literature on PA among children and youth in Ghana. PA experts independently assigned grades to indicators based on available evidence, which were then harmonized and agreed to by group consensus.Results:The report card is based on limited evidence. Thus, 2 indicators were not graded (Active Play, and Family and Peer Support). For sedentary behavior, a B grade was assigned based on evidence from the 2012 Ghana School Health Survey which indicated that 21% of children and youth were sedentary. Organized Sports was graded a C, while the remainder of indicators (Overall PA levels, Active Transportation, School, Community, and Government) were graded a D.Conclusions:About one-third of Ghanaian children and youth engage in inadequate PA. More research on PA behavior and enabling environments is needed to better grade the indicators of PA in the future and to inform policy and interventions in Ghana. Appropriate school physical education and after-school sports policies and programs are warranted.
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Wilson, Alex J. "Seen, heard and protected in their best interest: childhood construction within the worldview of the Fantse of Ghana." Journal of the British Academy 10s2 (2022): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s2.199.
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Children in Africa are generally construed to be marginalised due to their minimal involvement in family decision-making processes. This article, which provides a worldview of childhood construction among the Fantse of Ghana, draws on the PhD dissertation and other research studies by the author and uses the social constructivist theory by Vygotsky and Meyer Fortes� stages in the developmental cycle in domestic groups to explore children�s social standing. The expectation in the academy is that many of the worldviews in African societies should be waning. However, they prevail in some rural and urban communities in Ghana today. Significantly, the larger context of Fantse social systems promotes peer-learning and acculturation among children. Therefore, even though some children may be marginalised, the emphasis placed on children�s voices ensures their participation in decision-making in matters affecting them. This article recommends that Fantse social systems should be considered for ensuring compliance with child rights policies in Ghana.
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Adekambi, SA, JJ Okello, S. Rajendran, K. Acheremu, EE Carey, J. Low, and PE Abidin. "Effect of varietal attributes on the adoption of an orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety in Upper East and Northern Ghana." Outlook on Agriculture 49, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727020950324.
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Despite sustained economic growth and reduction in some of forms of malnutrition, Ghana still faces a national prevalence rate of 20.8% vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among for children 6–59 months old. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) (OFSP) can significantly improve vitamin A intake and contribute toward reducing VAD, especially in Northern Ghana where VAD is 31% among young children. Several poverty and nutrition projects in Ghana have promoted the use of OFSP for its health benefits. This study assesses the effect of three varietial attributes on adoption of the first released OFSP variety in Northern Ghana namely, Apomuden. The study concluded that sweetness, taste and dry matter have joint significant effects on adoption of an OFSP variety. The positive and negative traits highlighted will inform the on-going breeding effort.
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Antwi, James, Frank Appiah Kusi, Wing Hong Shum, and Sumaila Mohammed. "Genetics and Epigenetics from Physical Activity: Ghana Active Schools’ Programme and Ambidextrous Organisational Practices." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 2 (January 27, 2024): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i21267.
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Aim: In this paper, we examine how ambidextrous organisational practices can be used to advance the management of public basic schools in accepting behaviours that can improve physical activities of children.
Methodology: Drawing on extant literature and desk review of policy documents including school reports, we examine physical activities in public basic schools in Ghana and then explore three key developmental systems – managerial responsiveness, healthcare variation and educational development and highlight four areas from these systems; organisational processes, infrastructure development, human resource improvements, and stakeholder collaboration where policy makers can focus their efforts to improving physical activity in school children in Ghana.
Findings: The findings demonstrate a seeming absence of structures for physical activity in public basic schools in Ghana - presenting severe consequences, especially for the healthy growth of children, proper integration of children into society, learning processes, and developing talents for future sporting activities in general. Again, the analysis shows that the Ghana Education Service’s implementation guidelines for physical activity in public basic schools are not yielding the needed results - thus provoking policy dialogues in managerial practices for effective implementation of those guidelines. Next, we propose the promotion of physical activity in public basic schools in Ghana through sustainable and pragmatic approaches drawing from ambidextrous managerial practices to strengthen organisational capacity in the schools for improvements in movement behaviours, lifestyle changes, active learning, and physical activity levels of school children.
Conclusion: Practical approaches are needed to enhance the physical activity for children and this requires the initiation of active schools’ programme in public basic schools – and clearly learning from best practices in the last decades, examples from other countries provide a really useful approach in the years ahead.
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Owusu-Sarpong, A., K. Agbeshie, and P. T. Teg-Nefaah. "The Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine on Diarrheal Diseases Among Children Under Five Years: A Retrospective Analysis of Data From 2012 To 2015 In the Yilo Krobo Municipality of Ghana." Postgraduate Medical Journal of Ghana 7, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.60014/pmjg.v7i2.170.
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Introduction: Diarrhea is an important childhood disease with high morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in developing countries such as Ghana. Rotavirus vaccine was introduced in Ghana in 2012 to reduce the incidence of diarrhea among children in Ghana. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccines on the burden of diarrheal diseases among children under five years reported in the Yilo Krobo Municipality from 2012 to 2015.Methods: A retrospective analysis of routinely collected and reported data on the monthly outpatient department (OPD) morbidity returns and vaccination reports from health facilities in the Yilo Krobo Municipality was done.Results: The burden of diarrheal diseases in children under five years declined from 2012 to 2014 with a slight increase in 2015. Diarrhea formed 9.71% of OPD cases in children under five years in 2012 with a reduction to 7.73% between 2013 and 2015.Conclusion: The rotavirus vaccine has had some impact on the incidence of diarrheal diseases reported at the outpatient departments.
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Nikoi, Ebenezer, and Peter Anthamatten. "An examination of environmental correlates with childhood height-for-age in Ghana." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 1 (May 21, 2012): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012001346.
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AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between a child's environment and nutritional status is difficult to examine yet could offer an important guide to policy. The objective of the present work was to examine individual and environmental correlates with childhood height-for-age in Ghana.DesignData were derived from the 2008 MEASURE Demographic and Health Survey in Ghana, the 2000 Ghana Population and Housing Census, and the World Wide Fund for Nature's eco-regions database. A generalized linear mixed regression model was used to estimate the effects of individual and environmental correlates on height-for-age.SubjectsThe study examined 2225 Ghanaian children aged 0–59 months.SettingThe setting was all districts in Ghana for the year 2008.ResultsAfter accounting for individual characteristics of children, mothers and households, height-for-age was significantly associated with population density. Other significantly associated variables in the final model were the age of the child, vaccination status, the size of the child at birth, months of breast-feeding, mother's BMI, whether the child's mother had health insurance and wealth quintile.ConclusionsIn addition to a number of characteristics of the children and their households, the social milieu is important to understanding differences in height-for-age among children in Ghana. The biophysical environment was not associated with height-for-age.
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Orfson-Offei, Elizabeth. "Autism spectrum disorder and language choice in Ghana." Pragmatics and Society 12, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.18058.orf.
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Abstract One of the most crucial decisions to make for parents of children with Autism in Ghana (just like for others in most bilingual and multilingual environments) is what language(s) to use with their children. This study was conducted to first investigate the state of Autism in Ghana and then to unravel the language choices that parents make for their children and the factors that influence the choices they make. Through interviews, the use of observation and questionnaires, members of Autism Action Ghana, a support group for parents with children on the spectrum, were studied as a Community of Practice, as well as using Bourdieu’s concept of Cultural Capital. Data analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively revealed that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is still a generally unknown and misconceived condition that receives no major government attention, so that parents are left with finding very expensive and limited support for their children on their own. 77% of the 35 respondents use only English with their children because of the advice they receive from therapists, in addition to the fact that all therapies available are in English, the fear of further delaying speech in their non-verbal children should they use more than one language, and the belief that English has more currency and will take their children further in life as compared to their indigenous languages, among others. One of the implications of the choice of English is that the children will eventually become functionally monolingual in a multilingual country and thus will be left with no choice when it comes to language.
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Immurana, Mustapha, and Arabi Urmi. "Socio-economic factors and child health status in Ghana." International Journal of Health 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v5i2.7806.
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Ghana’s under-five mortality rate far exceeds the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2 Target of 25 deaths per thousand live births by 2030. Therefore to improve upon the situation, it is imperative that the factors which determine the health status of children are investigated. This study therefore used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey to investigate the socio-economic determinants of child health status in Ghana by employing the binary probit model. The study revealed that, Ewe, Grusi, Muslim and Christian children, children from urban areas, Greater Accra, Northern, Ashanti, Upper east, Eastern and Central regions, were more probable to contract cough. Also children with uneducated mothers, those whose mothers had uneducated partners as well as those whose mothers had no health insurance were revealed to be more likely to be anaemic. Further, male children and children from non-wealthy households were revealed to be more likely to have suffered diarrhoea, fever and anaemia. Also children with employed mothers and those with mothers with big distance challenges to seek care were found to be more likely to have fever. These findings, point out the essence of socio-economic factors to child health outcomes and hence the need to be given attention in child health survival interventions in Ghana.
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Immurana, Mustapha, and Arabi U. "What factors influence the choice of first healthcare provider for childhood fever or cough in Ghana?" International Journal of Medicine 4, no. 2 (August 21, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v4i2.6521.
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Malaria and Pneumonia are major killers of children underfive. However, fever and cough are major signs of Malaria and Pneumonia respectively and hence making proper management of fever and cough indispensable in the fight against underfive mortality. This study therefore investigated the factors that influence the choice of first healthcare provider for children with fever or cough in Ghana. The study used the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) as the main source of data. By employing the multinomial probit model, the study found that urban children, children with higher birth rank, older children, children from the Ga/Dangme, Akan, Mole-Dagbani, Ewe, Mande and Gurma ethnicity and children of mothers with big problems with regards to permission and distance to seek self-medical care were more likely to be given self-medication or to be sent to a traditional practitioner initially for fever or cough. Contrary, mothers with health insurance, aging mothers and wealthy households were less likely to first resort to self-medication or a traditional practitioner in order to seek care for children with fever or cough. The study therefore concludes that ethnicity, residence, permission and distance to seek medical care by mother, mother’s health insurance, household wealth, child’s age, mother’s age and birth order are the factors that influence the choice of first healthcare provider for children with fever or cough in Ghana.
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May, Jürgen, Jan Felix Drexler, Ulrike Reber, Nimarko Sarpong, Ohene Adjei, Marcus Panning, Christian Drosten, and Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger. "Human Parvovirus 4 Viremia in Young Children, Ghana." Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, no. 10 (October 2012): 1690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.111836.
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Adinkrah, Mensah. "Commercial Transactions in Children: The Case of Ghana." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 8 (July 24, 2017): 2391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17721524.
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The current article represents an examination of commercial transactions involving the sale of children in contemporary Ghana. It presents the results of a criminological analysis of 20 cases of commercial transactions in children in Ghana. It describes the sociodemographic characteristics of offenders and victims, victim–offender relationships, offender motivations, public reactions to the phenomenon, as well as the criminal justice system’s responses to the crime. The data were extracted from Ghanaian print and electronic presses. The data show that more boys than girls were sold and that the ages of the victims ranged from 1 month to 19 years, although younger, prepubescent children were more likely to be sold than adolescents and younger adults. The results further show that the relationship between the offender and the child victim was a primary one, with parent–child relationships being dominant, followed by uncle–nephew. Pecuniary reasons were the primary motive for the crime, with offenders invariably expressing the need for money to satisfy pressing financial needs or personal enrichment. The data show that offenders were subject to prompt arrest, prosecution, and incarceration. A summary is provided for each of the 20 cases analyzed in the study.
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Forjuoh, Samuel N. "Pattern of intentional burns to children in Ghana." Child Abuse & Neglect 19, no. 7 (July 1995): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00041-6.
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Danquah, A. O., A. N. Amoah, M. Steiner-Asiedu, and C. Opare-Obisaw. "Nutritional Status of Participating and Non-participating Pupils in the Ghana School Feeding Programme." Journal of Food Research 1, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n3p263.
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The Ghana Demographic Health Survey indicates that the major nutritional challenges in Ghana among school children are protein-energy malnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. School Feeding Programmes are one of the main interventions addressing malnutrition and its related effects on children’s health and education. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Ghana School Feeding Programme on nutritional status of school children in Atwima-Nwabiagya District of Ashanti Region, Ghana. A total of 234 pupils between 9 and 17 years of age, comprising 114 participants and 120 non-participants from three participating and three non-participating schools, respectively, with similar characteristics, took part in the study. It was hypothesized that the nutritional status of participants was better than that of non-participants. Results did not indicate any association between the school lunch and nutritional status. There was no statistically significant difference in the nutritional status of participants and non-participants. The programme did not impact the nutritional status of participants.
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Amoako, Martha, Martin Potůček, and Nahanga Verter. "Determinants of Children U5 Mortality due to Malaria in Ghana." European Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p485.
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Sustainable development cannot be fulfilled without developing an effective health sector to address health-related issues among children, especially in underdeveloped countries like Ghana. Malaria, in particular, has been identified as a significant disease and cause of death among children under five years of age (U5) in Ghana, although it has drastically reduced in recent years. Against this background, this paper attempts to assess some factors that may have determined the development of U5 mortality due to malaria in Ghana using time series data from 2000-2019. The OLS regression results indicate that domestic government health expenditure, clean drinking water and insecticide-treated nets have a negative connection with children U5 mortality due to malaria in the country. The findings also show a weak positive relationship between malaria infection prevalence and U5 mortality from malaria. Contrary to prior expectations, the results reveal a negative relationship between low birth weight, overweight, stunted, and children U5 mortality from malaria infection. The study concludes that addressing malaria cases among children U5 would greatly depend on building and sustaining resource redistribution through strategic policy, reliable funding, and effective health institutions to tackle malaria incidence and deaths among U5 in the country.
Keywords: healthcare, health expenditure, ITNs, malaria, potable water, U5 mortality
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Owusu, Lorretta Domfeh, and Kwabena Frimpong-Manso. "The impact of COVID-19 on children from poor families in Ghana and the role of welfare institutions." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-07-2020-0033.
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Purpose This paper is focussed on answering the following questions: How are poor families surviving in this era of COVID-19? What is life for children from poor families? What has become of their reality? To understand the realities of poor families and children during COVID-19, specifically in Ghana, this paper aims to analyse how COVID-19 has affected children from poor families in Ghana and how welfare institutions can work to provide rapid help to such families. Design/methodology/approach COVID-19 is affecting different populations in almost all parts of the world. One group that is likely to experience challenges are children because they have to depend on others for their survival. This study, therefore, provides an expert opinion on the issues that children in Ghana might face because of the global public health pandemic. Nonetheless, this research relied on secondary data from articles, journals, related studies, textbooks and relevant web pages to support the points made in the paper. Findings COVID-19 has put a lot of undue economic and social pressure on poor families. Due to these pressures, children from such families are likely to suffer a higher risk of child labour and streetism. Furthermore, they may miss out on the social and economic benefits the school system provides such as the free meals provided for public schools by the Government of Ghana under the school feeding programme. Originality/value Admittedly, there have been numerous studies since the outbreak of C0VID-19 pandemic. However, this paper is the first paper discussing into detail how COVID-19 has affected children from poor families and addresses how state welfare institutions can leverage on the use of efficient management information system to identify and support poor families during and post-COVID-19.
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ANNIM, SAMUEL KOBINA, KOFI AWUSABO-ASARE, and JOSHUA AMO-ADJEI. "HOUSEHOLD NUCLEATION, DEPENDENCY AND CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES IN GHANA." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 5 (August 28, 2014): 565–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000340.
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SummaryThis study uses three key anthropometric measures of nutritional status among children (stunting, wasting and underweight) to explore the dual effects of household composition and dependency on nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Ghana. The objective is to examine changes in household living arrangements of under-five children to explore the interaction of dependency and nucleation on child health outcomes. The concept of nucleation refers to the changing structure and composition of household living arrangements, from highly extended with its associated socioeconomic system of production and reproduction, social behaviour and values, towards single-family households – especially the nuclear family, containing a husband and wife and their children alone. A negative relationship between levels of dependency, as measured by the number of children in the household, and child health outcomes is premised on the grounds that high dependency depletes resources, both tangible and intangible, to the disadvantage of young children. Data were drawn from the last four rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHSs), from 1993 to 2008, for the first objective – to explore changes in household composition. For the second objective, the study used data from the 2008 GDHS. The results show that, over time, households in Ghana have been changing towards nucleation. The main finding is that in households with the same number of dependent children, in nucleated households children under age 5 have better health outcomes compared with children under age 5 in non-nucleated households. The results also indicate that the effect of dependency on child health outcomes is mediated by household nucleation and wealth status and that, as such, high levels of dependency do not necessarily translate into negative health outcomes for children under age 5, based on anthropometric measures.
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Nyaaba, Albert Apotele, Augustine Tanle, Louis Kobina Kobina, and Matthew Ayamga. "Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Ghana: Evidence from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 4, no. 2 (August 4, 2020): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.161.
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Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the strength of the association between socio-economic, maternal and environmental determinants and under-five mortality in Ghana.
Methods: We utilized data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study, which included 4151 children born alive to women aged 15-49 years. The primary outcome variable was under-five mortality. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were applied to assess the relationship and relative association of the independent variables with the outcome variable.
Results: Children of women with secondary education and above and women within the middle wealth status were 0.593 and 0.886 less likely to experience under five deaths compared to women with no education and women of low wealth status (OR=0.593; 95% CI 1.690 to 2.063; p< 0.01) (OR =0.886; 95% CI 1.48 to 1.63; p<0.01). Women who had their first birth at age 20-29 years were 0.764 less likely to experience under-five deaths compared to those aged 15-19 years (OR= 0.764; 95% CI 0.994 to 1.191; p<0.01). Children born in households with pit toilets were more likely (OR= 1.51; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.30; p<0.01) to die before age five compared to children born in households with flushed toilet. Women who used bore hole /well water were more likely (OR= 1.686; 95% CI 2.94 to 3.01; p< 0.05) to experience under-five deaths compared to women who used piped water.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: This study identified the determinants that significantly predicted under-five deaths and the magnitude of the influence on under-five deaths in Ghana. It accentuates the need for increased maternal education, delayed child bearing, provision of improved drinking water and toilet facilities to reduce under-five deaths in Ghana.
Key words: • Socio-economic • Maternal health • Child health • Environmental factors • Under-five mortality • Ghana • Demographic and Health Survey • DHS
Copyright © 2020 Nyaaba, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
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Kyei-Arthur, Frank, Martin Wiredu Agyekum, and Grace Frempong Afrifa-Anane. "The association between paternal characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): e0252517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252517.
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Background Studies have shown that partners play an influential role in exclusive breastfeeding practice and that they can act as either deterrents or supporters to breastfeeding. However, there are limited studies on the influence of partners’ characteristics on exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana. This study examined the association between partners’ characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Infants less than 6 months old (exclusively breastfed or not) with maternal and paternal characteristics were included in the study. A total of 180 participants were used for the study. A binary logistic regression was used to examine the influence of partners’ characteristics on exclusive breastfeeding. Results Partners’ characteristics such as education, desire for children, religion, and children ever born were associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers whose partners had primary education (AOR = 0.12; CI 95%: 0.02–0.93; p = 0.04) were less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to those whose partners had no formal education. Also, mothers whose partners desired more children (AOR = 0.20; CI 95%: 0.06–0.70; p = 0.01) were less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to those whose partners desire fewer children. Conclusion Improving EBF requires the involvement of partners in exclusive breastfeeding campaigns/programmes. A more couple-oriented approach is required by health practitioners to educate and counsel both mothers and partners on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana.
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Castillo, Jason T., Samuel Asante, Peter Dwumah, Jonas Asamanin Barnie, and David Becerra. "Ghanaian BSW Students' Perceptions of Poverty and Social Welfare Policies in Ghana." Advances in Social Work 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 477–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/2836.
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In August 2010, data for this exploratory study were drawn from a sample of 185 undergraduate social work students from a public university in Ghana. Ordinal logistic regressions were run to analyze the relationship between social work students’ demographic variables and their perceptions toward poverty and social welfare policies in Ghana. The results of this study found that social work students’ age, gender, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic status, and area of concentration affected their perception toward poverty and social welfare policies in Ghana. The findings of this study point to several areas for consideration when developing or revising social work education curricula in Ghana.
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Petrowski, Nicole, Claudia Cappa, Antoine Deliege, and Muhammad Rafiq Khan. "Residential homes for children in Ghana: Compliance with standards, quality of care, and case management." Global Studies of Childhood 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20436106221075636.
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Accurate data on the extent to which residential homes for children in Ghana are in compliance with national standards for quality of care and case management are lacking. To begin to address this gap, a census of residential homes and an enumeration of the child population were undertaken in 2019, followed by a survey on a representative sample of children living in such homes. Data were gathered on the types and characteristics of all 139 residential homes operating in the country at the time and the demographic profiles and well-being of children living in such facilities. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the residential care facilities that operate in Ghana in terms of their licensing status, staffing, child safeguarding, and protection policies, as well as the safety and suitability of the premises. The article also describes the demographic profiles of the children who live in such facilities and provides an overview of the care they received and their well-being. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings within the national context and policies on children in residential care in order to demonstrate how results are being used to inform care reform efforts and systems strengthening in Ghana.
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Anane, Isaac, Fengying Nie, and Jiaqi Huang. "Socioeconomic and Geographic Pattern of Food Consumption and Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6–23 Months Old in Ghana." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020603.
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Dietary inadequacy is a major challenge among young children in Ghana. Nutritional policies are required for optimum child nutrition and development. This study explored food consumption and dietary diversity by socioeconomic status and geographical location among children aged 6–23 months in Ghana. We used the latest national representative, cross-sectional data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS-2014). A total of 887 children aged 6–23 months were used in the final analysis. The survey collected data on children’s food consumption through their mothers in the 24 h recall method. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and geographical location with food consumption and adequate dietary diversity after adjusting for control variables. The study revealed an association between specific food item consumption, food groups, and dietary diversity by socioeconomic and geographic characteristics. However, dairy consumption increased faster than other nutritional foods when socioeconomic status increased. Furthermore, the study revealed that children’s chances of consuming particular food items and food groups differed across Ghana’s 10 regions. The average probabilities of consuming adequate dietary diversity between the Greater Accra region and Ashanti region were 43% vs. 8% (p < 0.001). Consumption of grains, root, and tubers were relatively higher but low for Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables and legumes and nuts for children aged 6–23 months in Ghana. Overall, the mean dietary diversity score was low (3.39; 95% CI: 3.30–3.49) out of eight food groups, and the prevalence of adequate dietary diversity was 22% only. There is a need for policy interventions to ensure appropriate dietary practices to promote healthy growth of children.
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Issaka, Cecilia Alimatu, Matthew Nyaaba, and Fati Abu Iddrisu. "Attitudes and Concerns of Pre-Service Teachers’ about Inclusive Education Enshrined in the New Four-Year Basic Education Curriculum in Ghana." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2022.3.1.239.
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Inclusive education, that is, the inclusion of learners with special educational needs and disabilities into regular schools is now one of the most significant core pillars in the New Bachelor of Education (Basic Education) Curriculum for teacher education in Ghana. In order to address this issue, pre-service teachers in their first year per the curriculum are introduced to inclusive education as a subject. The study aimed at finding out the attitude and concerns of pre-service teachers towards inclusive education in Ghana. The study employed mixed method approach with the sequential explanatory strategy. The sample population composed of 562 students from six (6) colleges of education in Ghana under one mentor university. The quantitative research approach consisted of 10-item questionnaire which was adapted from the Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education (TAIS) scale. Data was collected using both the questionnaire and interview guide. The analysis of quantitative data involved the use of multiple statistical procedures; frequency counts, simple percentages, and standard deviation, while the thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study revealed that pre-service teachers has positive attitude towards the implementation of inclusive education in Ghana. About eighty percent (80.1%) stated that children with special educational needs can be effectively supported to learn in regular classrooms in Ghana (1.30, SD=.64). However, the current regular schools in Ghana cannot accommodate children with special needs education (1.25, SD=.62) due to inadequate space. It is therefore recommended that the government of Ghana and the Ghana Education Service should work together to ensure that there is the availability of adequate facilities in all schools for teachers to effectively implement inclusive education in the new Bachelor of Education (Basic Education) Curriculum
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Quantson Davis, Ruby. "Children as peacemakers in transforming everyday conflicts in Ghana." Journal of the British Academy 10s2 (2022): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s2.219.
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African children are often reported in news and publications as child soldiers, dabbling in drug use, indoctrinated to commit violent assaults, and living in poverty. While these occurrences have been recorded in conflicts around the continent, the dominance of such narratives erases both the active and silent roles children play in advancing peace through everyday childhood practices. The generalisation creates a single and narrow description of the African child. This article explores the peace-making practices of Ghanaian children in their homes, communities, schools, and other spaces and seeks to understand why and how these roles are downplayed. The article proposes ways of shoring up this powerful image of African children through their socio-cultural environments and indigenous knowledge. It is important that the narrative of Ghanaian childhood is re-told to reflect these potential peace-making perspectives because they have implications for citizens� participation, and stability in Ghana.
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Baiden, Frank, and Patrick T Wilson. "Continuous positive airway pressure in managing acute respiratory distress in children in district hospitals: evidence for scale-up." Ghana Medical Journal 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v55i3.7.
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In children, acute respiratory distress (ARD) is a clinical presentation requiring emergency management, including mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilators are lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is an alternative form of non-invasive respiratory support that has been used in high-income countries for over four decades. Its use in sub-Saharan Africa is, however, limited and often restricted to neonates. Controlled trials in Ghana have shown that the use of CPAP in children younger aged 1-12 months reduces 2-week all-cause mortality from ARD by 60% (RR 0·40, 0·19–0·82; p=0·01). The absolute reduction in mortality of 4% implies one infant life saved for every 25 children treated with CPAP. This paper reviews the findings of the trials in Ghana andcontrasts the findings with those of trials in Bangladesh and Malawi. It makes the case that implementation research (rather than more controlled trials) is now needed to support the routine, safe and effective use of CPAP in managing ARD in older infants in district hospitals in Ghana.
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Osei, Kwabena Brefo, and Danny Turkson. "Cash transfer and multidimensional child poverty: evidence from Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 49, no. 5 (February 10, 2022): 744–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2021-0382.
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PurposeThe impact of cash transfers on improving the living conditions of children and reducing early-life deprivations and vulnerabilities are crucial to safeguarding equality of opportunities and achieving sustainable, equitable and inclusive growth within the Sustainable Development Goals. The study aims to examine the change in deprivation rate among children aged 0–17 years between 2010 and 2012, as well as the impact of cash transfer on multidimensional child poverty in Ghana using the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).Design/methodology/approachThe study used the Ghana Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty Impact Evaluation Survey data, which has the baseline data collected in 2010, and the follow-up was collected in 2012. The authors used the difference-in-difference estimation technique to assess the impact of the cash transfer program on the MPI of pre-school (0–5 years) and school-aged (5–17 years) children, and compared the results with that of Propensity Score Matching.FindingsThe deprivation trend reveals that deprivation among pre-school children increased for nutrition, water and sanitation. The estimated result shows that cash transfer significantly reduces MPI of pre-school and school-aged in beneficiary households by 10.5 and 1.3% relative to non-beneficiary children, respectively.Originality/valueFor cash transfer programs to efficiently alleviate child poverty in Ghana, the paper recommends that the conditionality aspect of the program that has been neglected by managers of the program should be enforced. Also, the program should be supplemented with food nutrients for children to reduce the deprivation of nutrition.
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Baigorri, Miriam, Catherine Crowley, and Belinda Bukari. "Collaborative Efforts to Improve Opportunities for Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Ghana." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 1140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_pers-sig17-2019-0020.
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Purpose Although efforts have been made in Ghana to include children with disabilities in mainstream society, children continue to face barriers to education, rehabilitation, and support services. This article describes collaborative efforts made by the authors, U.S. speech-language pathologists, and a Ghanaian special educator to improve communication skills and academic opportunities for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Such initiatives include bringing alternative and augmentative communication into the classroom and establishing activities that promote linguistic concepts and literacy skills. Conclusion This article is an effort to provide a service delivery model for speech-language pathologists and professionals working in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to the authors' efforts described in the article, this also highlights national initiatives that have improved the services for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ghana.
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Nyarko, Samuel H. "Socioeconomic determinants of cumulative fertility in Ghana." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): e0252519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252519.
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The pace of decline in fertility rates in sub-Saharan Africa appears to have slowed or stalled in the last few decades. This study examines the socioeconomic associated with cumulative fertility in Ghana. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate determinants of cumulative fertility using data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003, 2008, and 2014. The composition of children ever born by women did not change considerably over the study periods. Socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment, household wealth, employment, and employer status are significantly associated with cumulative fertility risks in Ghana. The current age of women, age at sexual debut, and marital status, among others, are also linked to cumulative fertility levels. Place and region of residence are also linked to fertility in Ghana. Cumulative fertility levels in Ghana are underscored by considerable socioeconomic disparities among women of reproductive age. Fertility regulation policies should hinge on improving the socio-economic wellbeing of women in Ghana.
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Owusu, Justina Serwaah, Esi Komeley Colecraft, Richmond NO Aryeetey, Joan Anne Vaccaro, and Fatma G. Huffman. "Nutrition Intakes and Nutritional Status of School Age Children in Ghana." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n2p11.
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This paper compares nutrition intakes and nutritional status of school children from two public schools in neighbouring communities of Ghana with different school feeding programmes. One hundred and eighty-two caregiver and school-age child pairs were interviewed concerning socio-demographics, dietary practices, and food security in a cross-sectional design. The independent t-test was used to compare the contribution of the publicly funded Ghana School Feeding Programme and private School Feeding Programme meals to total daily nutrient intakes of the children. Predictors of nutritional status of the children were assessed using logistic regression models. The private school feeding programme contributed more energy, protein, and micronutrients as compared to the government school feeding programme. About two-thirds (67.0%) of the children were stunted, underweight, or anaemic. Child’s age was a significant predictor of stunting. Undernutrition was prevalent among children from both programmes. Improved quality of diet from the feeding programmes may contribute to addressing malnutrition in these children.
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Soma, Abdallah, Kwaku Kissiedu, and Isaac Nyame. "Barriers to Early Identification and Intervention for Children with Special Education Needs (SEN) in Public Kindergartens (KGs) in the Sagnarigu District of the Northern Region, Ghana." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 4, no. 6 (November 26, 2023): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.6.519.
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This descriptive study examines the barriers to early identification of pupils with Special Education Needs (SEN) and its related intervention in 25 public Kindergartens (KGs) randomly selected within the Sagnarigu District of Northern Ghana. A total of 50 KG1&2 teachers and 25 Headteachers answered our questionnaires. The data collected were cleaned, presented in a tabulated form, and analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The study revealed that only 12 learners with SEN were identified and supported in 7 schools out of a total of 25 schools. This shows that there were more children with SEN in those schools. Yet, they were not identified because most teachers had inadequate knowledge of special education and relied mostly on observational techniques to identify such children in their classes. Also, most Heads of schools and teachers were unconcerned. They had no plan to identify SEN children in their schools because the inclusive education policy in Ghana only proclaims the rights of SEN children but does not make any provision for their identification and integration in the regular classroom. The study recommended, among others, that the National Teaching Council (NTC) should review the teacher education curriculum in Ghana to include some core courses in SEN in order to equip all teachers with the needed knowledge to identify and handle learners with SEN at all levels in Ghanaian basic schools. Also, the Ministry of Education and Ghana Education Service should provide sustainable funding for early identification and support systems for SEN learners in public KGs.
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Asante, Kwaku Oppong, and Mashudu Tshifaro Nefale. "Substance Use among Street-Connected Children and Adolescents in Ghana and South Africa: A Cross-Country Comparison Study." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11030028.
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Using two cross-sectional surveys with a purposive sample of 376 homeless children and adolescents in both Ghana and South Africa, this study was conducted to examine the prevalence, sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of substance use among street children and adolescents. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on substance use, sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that street-connected adolescents in Ghana reported higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use and past-month alcohol use than those in South Africa. The protective effect of male gender was not observed in South Africa but significantly more pronounced in Ghana for all substances except past-month marijuana use. Sexual assault, indirect sexual victimization, physical beating, robbery, assault with a weapon and survival sex increased the odds of lifetime alcohol use and past-month alcohol use in Ghana. However, in South Africa, only robbery and assault with a weapon increased the odds of lifetime alcohol use while robbery and sexual assault increased the odds of past-month alcohol use. These results have implications for the development of harm reduction interventions, taking into consideration both the psychosocial and cultural context of substance use.
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Appiah, Samuel Opoku, and Alfredo Ardila. "The question of school language in multilingual societies: the example of Ghana." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-2-263-272.
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The language used in school represents a crucial and polemic question in multilingual societies. Sub-Saharan Africa represents a world region with a significant linguistic diversity. Until recently, most of these countries were European colonies. During colonial times, the colonizer language generally dominated in schools. After their independence, many countries have continued using that language as the instructional language. It is observed that quite often, children are schooled in a second language, and teachers must teach in a foreign language. This situation results in potentially negative consequences affecting school learning. The specific example of Ghana is examined. It is pointed out that in Ghana during recent years frequent changes have been introduced in school language. Commonly, English is used as the primary school language. Because this association between language and school learning, speaking English provides not only significant social prestige, but also results in better working opportunities. The question of so-called “international schools” in Ghana is also examined; most of these schools do not teach any of the Ghanaian languages, but a foreign language, such as French, Spanish, or Portuguese. It is argued that these international schools may have adverse consequences on Ghanaian children who attend them. Ghana, however, has been a strong advocate of the so-called “African personality” and the use of English as the medium of instruction is in overt opposition to this ideology. It is concluded that children schooled in a second language, and teachers teaching in language that they do not master well enough may represent a potential barrier for the social, scientific, and economic development of sub-Saharan African countries, such as Ghana.
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Boadu, Selina, Annabella Osei-Tutu, and Joseph Osafo. "The Emotional experiences of children living in orphanages in Ghana." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-10-2018-0027.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the emotional experiences of children in selected orphanages. Design/methodology/approach The study was executed in three orphanages in Accra, Tema and Aburi through the use of semi-structured interviews and observations. Findings In total, 15 respondents reported some emotional experiences such as loneliness, entrapment, deprivation, rejection and helplessness. Originality/value The number of children living in orphanages has increased in recent times. Previous studies have examined psychological risk and protective factors among children orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDS and also compared orphan children to non-orphans. Notwithstanding this, little is known about the emotional experiences of children living in orphanages in Ghana.
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Turkson, Danny, and Joy Kafui Ahiabor. "Implication of Natal Care and Maternity Leave on Child Morbidity: Evidence from Ghana." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 9 (July 12, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n9p94.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of government with the help of the Ghana Health Service (GHS) and other stakeholders has been to reduce the level of child morbidity which leads to child mortality in Ghana. This study on natal care and its implication on child morbidity would help the government in formulating appropriate policies to curb this problem. This study uses Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) which is an infection of the lungs and respiratory tract as a proxy for child morbidity. The specific aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of Natal Care (Antenatal care, Delivery care and Post-natal care) and Maternity leave on Child Morbidity. The study employed data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2014) using the Probit estimation method to estimate the health, demographic and income factors that influence child morbidity in Ghana. It shows evidence that some stages of natal care, unpaid maternity leave, and other demographic factors have a significant impact on child morbidity in Ghana. Specifically, failure to receive post-natal care within first week of delivery causes a 3% increase in the possibility of ARI in children under five. The study also shows that a mother’s income determines her health care purchases; in that an unpaid maternity leave causes a 3.9% increase in the possibility of ARI in children under five compared to a paid maternity leave.