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1
Ryan, Scott Douglas. "Caregivers of Children Infected and/or Affected by HIV/AIDS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1042053063.
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Mtimbiri, Siza. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on infected and affected rural primary school children in Zimbabwe : children's perspectives : a case study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285424.
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Although there has been increasing research on HIV/AIDS and children, albeit mostly outside the school environment, most research in the area tends to view 'children as objects' (Christensen and James, 1999) in the research process whereby the change in the child is what is being observed. This view lessens the role of the child and as such means that the results are inadequate - mostly the researcher's perspective is represented. In Zimbabwe, with an estimated 1.1 million AIDS orphans and 115,000 children under 14 living with HIV/AIDS, not much empirical research has been conducted in school settings where they spend most of their time; the complexities of infected and affected students' experiences within the school-home-community spheres are mostly inferred due to lack of empirical research. Using Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System's Theory and the Capability Approach to adopt a holistic psychosocio-cultural lens, the research aims to understand the experiences of infected and affected students from their perspectives within their school, home and community environments. Added to observations, in-depth interviews based on data collected using photography, drawings, timelines, sociograms and student diaries were conducted with 65 boys and 27 girls aged 10 -13 years from a rural primary school during the months of August to December 2011. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 161 parents and caregivers. Also interviewed were 13 stakeholders comprising of a Senior Research Officer within the Ministry of Education, District Education Officer, 5 Teachers and their Principal, a District Councilor, the Chief, a village head, a local Baptist Minister and a research staff person from, FACT, a local NGO that works with AIDS orphans. Among children, findings point to dilapidating issues of stigma, abandonment, unaddressed emotional and physical needs; children relied on each other's advice more than that of teachers and caregivers. Among the adult community, the education authorities and community leaders who are custodians of their education, ignorance about infected and affected children is astounding. An ageing population of caregivers is barely able to deal with the complexities of infected children. Religion has a powerful negative influence on addressing HIV/AIDS issues. Teachers, citing taboo issues about sex and the fact that HIV/AIDS is not an exam at the school, refused to broach the subject. Education Officials at the time clearly pointed out that there has been no research nor any plans yet to address this population and their needs. Further research will need to be conducted for educational planning that will be most effective in implementing meaningful changes for this group and other rural primary school children.
3
Mamaila, Tshifhiwa. "Community-based care for HIV/AIDS orphans." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-092356.
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Smith, Allison Jayne. "Child care workers and HIV infected/affected children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11167.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77).The objectives of this study are to explore stressors and challenges faced by child care workers working with HIV infected/affected children, their causes, what support is available to them and, finally, current and recommended coping strategies. The study explored the perceptions of 8 child care workers through 2 focus groups using a semi-structured interview schedule as the data collection tool. The findings reveal that the primary challenge experienced is working with traumatised children and working for long hours away from their children, who are often at home alone. It was also found that they not fear infection when working with HIV infected children. The primary recommendation was that child care workers receive regular counselling and that day care centres are established in low income areas to care for their own children.
5
Wilbon, Doris Cooper. "African American caregivers of children affected by HIV/AIDS." Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2007/doris_c_wilbon/wilbon_doris_c_200708_ma.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts." In Social Science, under the direction of Nancy Malcom. ETD. Electronic version approved: December 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66) and appendices.
6
Erasmus, Elrika. "Play in psychotherapy with HIV/AIDS-affected children and families." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12072005-155941.
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Klein, Hector Leon. "Pastoral-therapeutic work with family members infected and affected by HIV/AIDS a narrative approach /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/availabale/etd-08222005-10852/.
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Nel, Nicole. "A surface design intervention for adult inmates infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1436.
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Thesis (MTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007This thesis focuses on an educational Surface Design Intervention (SDI) for inmates. It covers the present day situation, from 2006 to 2007, in a Western Cape correctional facility, regarding the needs of a selected group of inmates. This group of 20 inmates consists of 10 HIV/Aids positive and 10 HIV/Aids negative participants. The thesis argues that there is potential to plan, design and implement an educational SDI, in a group-work situation, with these participants in order to establish the SDI as a skills-development programme and a therapeutic-intervention and income-generating resource. In addition, this research study aims to understand and interpret how the various inmate participants, in a social setting, construct the world around them and what effect and impact the SDI has on them. This intervention is facilitated by two qualified art therapists and involves the use of different art materials through which the prison inmates express and explore their thoughts, feelings and concerns in a safe, contained and supportive space. The health and wellness literature provided the conceptual scaffolding against which to frame the SDI. The literature indicated that a holistic approach to rehabilitation and instruction is vital to help inmates function optimally in daily life. Ultimately, the SDI process indicates the value of identity formation, emotional expression and ethical development. The thesis concludes that oppositional discourses present in the lives of these prisoners can, and indeed should be reconciled in order for them to achieve a positive affirmation of their status. These polarities, once bridged, offer a moderating influence on these prisoners' lives, which contribute to their wellbeing and success both inside and potentially outside of prison.
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Zwemstra, Pieter Jacobus. "Vrese en hanteringstrategieë van Wes-Kaapse MIV/VIGS-geaffekteerde kinders en versorgers : ‘n normatiewe populasie met ‘n spesiale leefwêreld." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2179.
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Thesis (MSc (Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.As part of the South African government’s strategy to support those with HIV/AIDS and their relatives, HIV/AIDS service points have been established at Public Health Facilities. An increasing number of HIV-positive children and their caretakers receive treatment here. Indirectly the paediatric patients’ uninfected caretakers and the adult patients’ children also come into contact with the Public Health System during visits. The HIV-positive and uninfected children and caretakers form a heterogeneous HIV/AIDS-affected population, which may experience particular fears due to their particular circumstances. Circumstance-particular coping strategies may be necessary. Children do, however, also experience normative childhood fears and their coping strategies display developmental characteristics. Direct and indirect learning experiences furthermore may contribute to children’s experience of fear. The participants were 40 HIV/AIDS-affected children (M = 9.4 years; HIV-positive = 30.0%) and their caretakers (N = 34; M = 36.7 years; HIV-positive = 76.5%) who had been in contact with the Public Health System of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. There were five sub-objectives. Regarding the children the objectives were to consider, against the background of normative literature, whether the target group was a special population regarding their (1) fears and (2) coping strategies. Furthermore the objective was (3) to get to know the children’s world through their learning experiences. Concerning the caretakers the objectives were to explore their personal (4) fears and (5) coping strategies. In addition the caretakers’ perceptions about their children’s fears and coping strategies were gathered. The study was explorative and a mixed methodological research model was used. Data were gathered through individual interviews. The children also completed the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (GHD) and the caregivers a demographic questionnaire. Data were analysed by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative strategies. The children reported normative childhood fears, mainly of wild animals. A substantial minority of the children reported fears connected to crime, an unsafe transport system, death, illness, and HIV/AIDS and special circumstances were therefore identified. The children’s coping strategies were circumstance-specific and problem-focused avoidance reported most. Living in a modern society these children’s fears have also been influenced by for instance television. The fears and coping strategies reported by the children and their care-takers’ perceptions thereof, concurred. The caretakers’ personal fears mainly were connected to psycho-social needs and social roles, which stand central during adulthood. Specifically fears about the children’s welfare were reported most. The caretakers reported crime and animalrelated fears similar to their children. A search for social support as well as preventative action were the coping strategies that were reported most. A noteworthy preventative-action strategy seemed to be healthy eating habits, given the controversy about natural products being used as HIV/AIDS treatment within the South African context. The findings were integrated within a systems-theoretical framework. The fears and coping strategies of the HIV/AIDSaffected children and their caretakers were interpreted to be the result of an interaction between their personal characteristics and their social environment.
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Hattam, Michelle, Brenda Louw, and Salome Geertsema. "Communication Characteristics of Children Infected With HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2122.
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There is a dearth of locally relevant data in South Africa regarding the communication development of children infected with HIV/AIDS within the local context. The objective was to describe the characteristics of a group of children infected with HIV/AIDS being managed at a regional hospital in Gauteng, South Africa.
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Ngam, Theophilus Mamnkeli. "Media as agenda setters : a study of the infected and affected living with HIV/Aids." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20884.
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Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The media, in its ongoing task to inform and educate South Africans, seemingly set the agenda in such a way that depicts poor black African people as the only racial group that is affected and infected by HIV/Aids. Photographs of poor black Africans are also used to inform and educate the public about the pandemic. In short, the media has set an agenda that has given HIV/Aids a black African face: vulnerable, helpless and living in squalid conditions. The hypothesis of this research is that it is racial stereotyping of poor black Africans, and that it is perpetuated by the Daily Dispatch and other media. It is also important to note that the voices of the affected and infected are not prominent in news reports about the pandemic. Their stories are either told by the journalists themselves or someone else as a spokesperson. The media must begin to give space to the heroes and heroines who are affected and infected by the HIV/Aids pandemic to tell their stories in their own words. Qualitative content analysis of the Daily Dispatch from 1 to 31 December 2004 was conducted. News stories, photographs, headlines and captions were analysed. This analysis shows that the voices of the affected and infected are still lacking in news reports and that poor black African people are used as the only visuals in HIV/Aids news stories. This study recommends that more attention should be given to upholding and respecting the rights of the affected and infected by the disease. The media should also allow their voices to be heard, not through spokespeople, but from their own mouths.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit lyk of die media in sy voortgaande taak om Suid-Afrikaners in te lig en op te voed, die agenda op so ’n manier stel dat dit arm swart Afrikane as die enigste rassegroep voorstel wat deur MIV/Vigs geaffekteer en geïnfekteer word. Foto’s van arm swart Afrikane word ook gebruik om die publiek oor die pandemie in te lig en op te voed. In ’t kort, die media het ’n agenda gestel wat MIV/Vigs ’n swart, Afrika-gesig gee: een wat arm, ontvanklik en hulpeloos is, en wat in haglike toestande leef. Die hipotese van hierdie navorsing berus daarop dat dit rasse-stereotipiering is van arm swart Afrikane, en dat die Daily Dispatch en ander media dit perpetueer. Dit is ook belangrik om daarop te let dat die stemme van die geaffekteerde en geïnfekteerde nie so prominent in nuusberige oor die pandemie is nie. Hul stories word vertel deur die joernaliste self, of iemand anders wat ’n segspersoon is. Die media moet begin om hierdie helde en heldinne wat deur die siekte geaffekteer en geïnfekteer is, self hul storie te laat vertel, in hul eie woorde. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise van die Daily Dispatch van 1 tot 31 Desember 2004 is uitgevoer. Nuusstories, foto’s, opskrifte en onderskrifte is geanaliseer. Hierdie analise toon dat die stemme van die geaffekteerde en geïnfekteerde steeds in ons nuusberigte ontbreek en dat arm swart Afrikane die enigste visuele onderwerpe in MIV-Vigs nuusstories is. Hierdie studie beveel aan dat meer aandag gegee moet word om die regte van die geaffekteerde en geïnfekteerde te bewaar en te respekteer. Die media moet ook toelaat dat diegene se stemme gehoor word, nie deur segspersone nie, maar uit hul eie monde.
ISISHWANKATHELOL: Kubonakala ngathi amajelo eendaba kwinzame zawo zokufundisa nokwazisa uluntu loMzantsi Afrika ngesifo sikaGawulayo neNtsholongwane yaso, abonakalisa abantu abaMnyama beli njengohlanga ekukuphela kwalo oluthi luchatshazelwe sesi sifo. Nkqu nemifanekiso ethi isetyenziswe kumabalili athetha ngesi sifo, yileyo yabantu abaMnyama abazimpula zikalujacu ezingathathi ntweni. Ngokufutshane amajelo eendaba anika isizwe umzobo osengqondweni othi, uGawulayo neNtsholongwane yakhe uchaphazela ze ubulale abantu abaMnyama abahluphekileyo nabaphila phantsi kweemeko zobugxwayiba. Kusenjalo olu hlalutyo lubonakalise ukuba amazwi abantu abanesifo sikaGawulayo nabo bachaphazelekayo awakho kupapasho lweendaba. Kwakhona iingxelo ngesi sifo zinika ingqwasela kubantu abaMnyama abahluphekileyo neminifanekiso yabo kuphela. Akukho nto ithethekayo ngezinye intlanga. Okokuqala, olu phando ngoko ke lucebisa ukuba makuhlonitshwe umGaqo Siseko weli ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo abantu ingakubi abo banesifo sikaGawulayo neNtsholongwane yaso. Okwesibini, amajelo eendaba mawaqinisekise ukuba abantu abagula sesi sifo nabo sibachaphazelayo bayazithethela ngemilomo yabo kuba ngabo abajamelene neentlungu umhla nezolo.
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Saungweme, Sandra. "An outcome evaluation of an aftercare programme for HIV and AIDS affected children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12208.
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Includes summary.Includes bibliographical references.
The aftercare programme is run by a non-governmental organisation (NGO) called Ikhaya LeThemba (home of hope). Ikhaya LeThemba runs two aftercare programmes: the Intensive Programme, which is specifically for children affected by HIV and AIDS, and the General Programme for children who do not have carers or parents to care for them after school and for children who have special educational needs.
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Van, Niekerk Marinda. "The unheard stories of adolescents infected and affected by HIV/AIDS about care and/or the lack of care." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05242005-150439.
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John, Sally Ann. "The use of Masekitlana as a therapeutic technique for children affected by HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24745.
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This study is an investigation into the use of an African indigenous narrative game, Masekitlana, which I used as a therapeutic medium for four children, aged eight to 12 years. The participants are of Zulu origin and culture and were affected and orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDS. The game involved the participants in activities, such as hitting stones together or arranging them at will, that they felt familiar with and that enabled freer verbal expression from them. I employed a single-system research design that consisted of mixed methods approaches in the form of a qualitative thematic analysis and a quantitative graphic presentation of the results. The research design was a time series design that involved using, at four different times along the process of therapy, the measure of the Roberts-2 test (ethnic version). Therapy consisted of three sessions of standard of care therapy (therapy that was routinely being used in the psychology clinic) and three intervention therapy sessions of Masekitlana. I found the mixed-methods approach to be a practice-friendly form of research as it helped to describe the concerns of the participants in depth and enabled a concrete, quantitative conclusion about the efficacy of Masekitlana as an intervention. Syncretism of both approaches meant that qualitative data helped to clarify and confirm the findings of quantitative data and vice versa. Qualitative analysis showed how Masekitlana helped participants to express their traditional African beliefs, such as belief in the guidance of their ancestors, in the influence of bewitchment in their lives, and in the animation of the natural world. Thematic analysis also revealed the anger that participants felt resulting from the sense of disempowerment they experienced in Children’s Homes and from their separation from their biological families, and their need to sublimate this anger into future careers in the police force or alternatively to resort to crime. Thematic analysis also revealed the strategies employed by participants for coping with peer conflict in the Children’s Homes, and the challenges they face with schooling difficulties. Quantitative analysis revealed how participants progressed to complex forms of adaptive functioning and explanation of situations in their lives as a result of Masekitlana therapy. Recommendations arising out of this study are that psychologists strive to use forms of therapy that are familiar to the cultural backgrounds of indigenous children, and that training psychologists learn about the cultural beliefs of their patients and be exposed to the rituals used in traditional environments in order to understand indigenous clients. Psychologists should also be aware of the fact that, with the effects of television on children, and with present globalization and ease of international travel, children of African origin and culture are a mixture of traditional African and modern Western values. Therefore an integration of Western and indigenous forms of psychology might be considered.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
15
Chigumira, Godfrey. "Mary as an inspiration for the empowerment of Southern African christian women disproportionately infected/affected by HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3307/.
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The thesis proposes a liberative Mariological model for southern African Christian women disproportionately infected/affected by HIV/AIDS. The first chapter argues that women are disproportionately infected and affected by HIV and AIDS impacts in southern Africa. It proposes the utilisation of Mary, the mother of Jesus, as an inspirational symbol for the empowerment of southern African Christian women against HIV/AIDS. The second chapter explains the basic themes of the thesis of ‘symbol’, ‘inspiration’ and ‘empowerment’ in relation to Mary. It also illustrates how Mary is utilised as a symbol of empowerment within the chapters that follow. Chapter three considers some African theological writings on Mary, mainly by African women theologians and also reflects on how Mary interacts with some communities in southern Africa. Chapters four to eight are built on chapter themes of Mary as mother, as mother of sorrows, Mary’s incarnational role, Mary as virgin, and as a revolutionary respectively. Within each chapter theme, the thesis considers how Mary could inspire southern African Christian women for empowerment against HIV infection and AIDS impacts. In chapter nine, a Marian healing ritual for women living with HIV/AIDS is proposed, using feminist ritual healing guidelines, for the women’s empowerment, followed by the concluding chapter.
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Modikwane, Mmatladi Octavia. "Assessment of the quality of services provided by the home community based care programme to people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS / M.O. Modikwane." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1827.
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The North-West Province has the fifth highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the country and has an estimated HIV prevalence of 22.9%. On the 24th November 1999 cabinet approved a special allocation of funds to finance a National integrated programme in the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. They involved Departments of Social Services, Health, Education and Agriculture. The plan comprised three main components, which included the implementation of Home Community Based Care models for children and youth infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. The North-West Province was one of the provinces identified to pilot the programme and funds were allocated for the establishment of the programme.
This study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the quality of services provided by the Home Community Based Care Programme to people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. An empirical survey as well as a literature study was undertaken to determine whether the caregivers that are part of the Home community based care programme play their set role. Forty-five beneficiaries of the programme were randomly selected as respondents. An evaluative research design was utilised to test the progress of the Programme and check whether the programme is consistent with programme design specifications. A structured self-administered coded questionnaire with descriptive questions was developed and self administered to 45 respondents in Ikageleng Location in Zeerust who were randomly selected from a list of beneficiaries. The findings of the study indicated that caregivers who are part of the Home Community Based Care Programme play their set role. The programme provides good quality services to beneficiaries. The programme provides palliative care services, material support, care and support services, awareness and education and income generation.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Kgomo, Gretta Tumelo. "Cognitive and motor development in HIV infected children : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20089.
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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global epidemic of HIV continues with an estimated 2.2 million children under 15 years of age worldwide living with HIV and 640 000 newly infected in 2004 (WHO, 2009). HIV crosses the blood–brain barrier which may lead to neuronal damage and death. There is controversial evidence within available research on effects of HIV on cognitive and motor development in children because of the limitations imposed by study designs, study populations and study methodological quality. The aims of the review were: - To conduct a systematic review of published research to establish the effects and the prevalence of HIV infection on cognitive and motor development in children. - To critically appraise the methodological quality of published research regarding cognitive and motor development of HIV infected children. The objectives of the review were: - To assess evidence on the cognitive and motor development of HIV-1 infected children - To describe anthropometric outcomes including: weight for age, weight for height, height for age and head circumference in children with a HIV infection. - To assess the methodological quality of studies on the cognitive and motor development of HIV infected children. The following databases were searched for identification of articles; MEDLINE, Google Scholar, AIDSTRIALS, AIDSLINE and CINHAL. The search time frame included published works from inception to July 2011 without language restrictions. Analytical observational trials that assessed at least one outcome (cognitive or motor development or 1 of the anthropometric outcomes) between HIV positive and HIV negative children aged 5 years and below or children with a mean age of less than 5 years were employed. Two review authors independently searched for eligible studies, evaluated methodological quality and extracted the data. Meta-analysis was carried out using Rev Man 5.1 using the risk ratio for categorical data and standard mean difference for continuous data. Fifteen studies with a total of 3 086 participants met the inclusion criteria. HIV infected children were 2.45 times at higher risk of developing cognitive developmental delay than HIV negative children (RR, 95% CI, 1.95, 3.07, P < 0.00001). Infected children scored - 0.54 less than HIV negative children (SMD 95% CI, -0.70, -0.39, 97, p < 0.00001) for cognitive development and -0.68 in motor development (SMD 95% CI, -0.82, -0.55, p< 0.00001). The risk of motor developmental delays was 2.95 times in HIV positive compared with HIV negative children (RR 95% CI, 2.19, 3.99, p < 0.00001). HIV infected children are slower in aspects of cognitive and motor development compared to their HIV negative counterparts. They also showed delays in anthropometric outcomes; weight for age and height for age. Study design influenced results of the studies with children scoring more on cross sectional than cohort studies. There is still need to develop culturally appropriate or standardise neurodevelopment tools as most African studies still rely on international tools. More evidence is needed on the effectiveness of HAART in reducing cognitive and motor delay.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreldwye MIV epidemie duur voort met ongeveer 2.2 miljoen kinders onder 15 jarige ouderdom wat wêreldwyd met MIV leef en 640 000 onlangs in 2004 geïnfekteerd (WHO, 2009). MIV strek oor die bloed-brein grens wat kan lei tot neuronale skade en die dood. Daar is kontroversiële bewys binne beskikbare navorsing oor die effek wat MIV het op kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling in kinders, vanweë die beperkinge wat geplaas word deur studie ontwerpe, studie bevolkings en studie metodologiese kwaliteit. Die doelwitte van die oorsig is om - ‘n sistematiese oorsig van gepubliseerde navorsing te doen om sodoende die effek en voorkoms van MIV infeksie op kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling by kinders vas te stel - ’n kritiese waardering van die metodologiese kwaliteit van gepubliseerde navorsing te doen ten opsigte van die kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling van MIV geïnfekteerde kinders. Die doelwitte van die oorsig is om - assessering te doen van die bewyse van kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling by MIV-1 geïnfekteerde kinders - antropometriese uitkomste te beskryf, insluitend: gewig vir ouderdom, gewig vir hoogte, hoogte vir ouderdom en omtrek van die hoof by kinders met ’n MIV infeksie - die metodologiese kwaliteit te assesseer van studies op die kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling van MIV geïnfekteerde kinders. Die volgende databasisse is nagevors vir die identifisering van artikels: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, AIDSTRIALS, AIDSLINE en CINHAL. Die tydraamwerk vir navorsing het gepubliseerde werk ingesluit vanaf aanvang tot Julie 2011 sonder taalbeperkings. Analitiese waarneembare toetse wat ten minste een uitkoms geassesseer het (kognitiewe of motoriese ontwikkeling of 1 van die antropometriese uitkomste) tussen MIV positiewe en MIV negatiewe kinders van 5 jarige ouderdom en jonger, of kinders met ’n gemiddelde ouderdom van minder as 5 jaar is betrek. Twee oorsig outeurs het onafhanklik vir geskikte studies gesoek, metodologies geëvalueer en data getrek. Meta-analise was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van Rev Man 5.1 met behulp van die risiko-ratio vir kategoriese data en die standaard gemiddelde verskil vir aaneenlopende data. Vyftien studies met ’n totaal van 3 086 deelnemers met die insluitingskriteria. MIV geïnfekteerde kinders het 2.45 keer ’n hoër risiko gehad om kognitiewe ontwikkelingsvertraging te ontwikkel as MIV negatiewe kinders (RR, 95% CI, 1.95, 3.07, P< 0.0000). Geïnfekteerde kinders het ’n -0.54 telling behaal, minder as MIV negatiewe kinders (SMD 95% CI, -0.70, -0.39,97 p < 0.00001) vir kognitiewe ontwikkeling en -0.68 vir motoriese ontwikkeling (SMD 95% CI, -0.82, -0.55, p< 0.00001). Die risiko van motoriese ontwikkelingsvertragings was 2.95 keer by MIV positiewe in vergelyking met MIV negatiewe kinders (RR 95% CI, 2.19, 3.99. p < 0.00001). MIV geïnfekteerde kinders is stadiger in aspekte van kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling in vergeyking met hulle MIV negatiewe eweknieë. Hulle het ook vertragings getoon in antropometriese uitkomste; gewig vir ouderdom en hoogte vir ouderdom. Studie ontwerpe het uitslae beïnvloed van die kinders wat ’n hoër telling behaal het met deursnee as in kohort studies. Daar is nog ’n behoefte om kultureel geskikte of gestandaardiseerde neuro-ontwikkelingsinstrumente te ontwikkel, omdat die meeste Afrika-studies nog steeds staat maak op internasionale instrumente. Meer bewyse is nodig aangaande die effektiwiteit van HAART om kognitiewe en motoriese vertraging te verminder.
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Modise, Baiso Daphney. "Social work services for children affected by HIV/AIDS in a rural area / Baiso Daphney Modise." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/871.
Full textAbstract:
HIV/AIDS infections are an increasingly alarming pandemic, therefore it will remain
being a challenge and a priority. The efforts of all participating and active
stakeholders are appreciated in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
This research dissertation gives an overview of the HIVIAIDS status and impact on
the affected children around Kagisano (Ganyesa) service point. This information has
been collected in Pomfret, which is a village near Ganyesa.
The survey was undertaken with the aim to investigate social work services for
children affected by HIV/AIDS in the rural area in which Pomfret is situated.
The objectives of this study were:
To investigate the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS in a rural village
called Pomfret through a literature study and empirical research.
To investigate the role of the social worker in providing for the needs of
children affected by HIV/AIDS in Pomfret.
These objectives were achieved by means of a study of the relevant literature and
through empirical research. The available literature on the subject was consulted to
determine whether any research has been conducted in this field and whether the
subject was researchable. The empirical research was conducted to confirm the
previous research findings. The literature study and the empirical research were vital
in formulating recommendations.
In this study the survey method was used as a systematic data gathering procedure.
Data was gathered through a self-formulated schedule. The researcher administrated
the schedules by holding personal interviews with the respondents. The research was
conducted in the Pomfret district and 50 respondents were willing to be part of the
research.
The findings of this research reflect that social workers still have much to do in order
to address the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS in rural areas.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Floor, Henriette Carolien. "Developing music therapy referral criteria for institutionalized children affected by HIV / AIDS at the Mohau Centre." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31323.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to identify referral criteria for music therapy which can be used at an institution for children affected by HIV / AIDS in South Africa. The purpose of this research is a) to identify the needs of institutionalised children and how music therapy can be applied to treat these needs; b) to establish the current referral process in this institution; and c) to develop referral criteria which can be used to refer these children to music therapy. Interviews conducted with different staff members at the institution, as well as a music therapist who worked at the institution, showed that some of the needs, challenges and resulting behaviours of the children are not currently referred to music therapy. This study shows that music therapy can be used to address a wide range of these difficulties.Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Music
MMus
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Finestone, Michelle. "An Evaluation of a theory-based support group intervention for children affected by maternal HIV / Aids." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40207.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate a 24-week support group intervention programme which was designed to enhance adaptive behaviour of latent-phase children affected by maternal HIV/Aids. The meta-theoretical paradigms underlying the study were pragmatism and realism. The study was embedded in a concurrent nested (QUALquan) mixed-method design. The quantitative approach in the main study followed a quasi-experimental research design whereas the qualitative approach in this study, contributing to the largest part of the analysis in the study, followed a nested multiple case study design. The theory-driven outcome programme evaluation model applied in this study was the integrative process/outcome evaluation approach. The participants (n=139) were purposefully selected from among previously identified HIV-positive women (n=220) with children between the ages of 6 and 10 years at clinics in the Tshwane region, South Africa. Data were collected over a period of five years in multiple waves of intervention implementation. Prolonged, in-depth engagement by the researcher with participants was prioritized. The data collection strategies comprised of mother-and-child psychological questionnaires, group process notes, careworker focus groups, quality assurance questionnaires and field notes. The data were quantitatively analysed by means of a paired-sample t-test for within-group comparisons and descriptive statistics were furthermore applied. The qualitative text and narration obtained through the interviews, documents and focus groups were coded and analysed for themes. The themes of the emergent concepts were re-coded to establish improved defined categories. The different data sampling strategies assisted the researcher in triangulating the data for increased evaluation reliability.
The PhD-study was conducted within a broader longitudinal study on resilience in South African mothers and children affected by HIV/Aids – the Promoting Resilience in Young Children Study. The findings of the Child Support Group Evaluation Study (e.g. PhD) showed that the content, methods and processes employed in the group-based sessions were effective and culturally sensitive. The intervention sessions enhanced the children’s coping skills, internalised and externalised behaviour and daily living, communication and socialisation skills. The group provided a buffer for the children and supported them in coping with their mothers’ illness. The children displayed normative values through their religious coping styles, their quest for and display of respect and their unambiguous assertion of right and wrong. A specific finding of this study was that the children created a sphere or space in which to order their thoughts, behaviours and emotions within the intervention. This provided them with parameters in their adverse circumstances to display adaptive behaviour or resilience which they could use to function adequately. The study suggests that the use of support groups should be incorporated into intervention programmes dealing with latent-phase children affected by HIV/Aids.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Educational Psychology
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Milea, Simona Aostacioae. "The differences in environmental quality of care for HIV/AIDS-infected children in Romanian institutions and group homes." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Seyuba, Mesele M. "Assessing responses and interventions to orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS: A case study of the experiences of HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children in Gugulethu, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11771.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-77).
This study examines how children who are exposed to the impact of HIV/AIDS in their immediate families are affected; what their experiences are and what coping strategies they employ on a day to day basis. Such children are referred to as HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Furthermore, the study examines the response proposals of key role players, such as government departments, civil society organisations and the affected communities, in dealing with the challenges faced by HIV/AIDS OVCs.
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O'Callaghan, Erin Theresa. "Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, and Disease Progression in Perinatally Infected HIV+ School-Aged Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/11.
Full textAbstract:
This study is one of the only investigations to examine the complex inter-relationships between immune status, cognitive functioning, and disease progression in school-aged, perinatally infected, HIV+ children on HAART over time and is the first to conduct long-term follow-up assessments beyond one year after initiating HAART. Previous research has shown that HIV+ children on HAART show stability in cognitive functioning for up to one year. The current study investigated cognitive functioning, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -III, as a function of immune functioning and disease progression over time in this sample. Overall, results showed that PIQ scores remained stable over the three time points. However, further analyses demonstrated that poorer immune status, as measured by CD4% <25, at the first time point significantly predicted lower Performance IQ (PIQ)scores and PIQ subtest scores at the third time point, even after controlling for covariates. Similarly, additional analyses revealed that PIQ scores significantly declined over time as a function of CD4% category at the first time point. Finally, scores on the PIQ, Verbal IQ (VIQ), Coding, Picture Arrangement, Symbol Search, and Arithmetic at the first time point were all significant predictors of more advanced disease progression, as measured by CDC C classification at follow-up. The clinical relevance of this study and recommendations for future research in this area are discussed
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Fleming, Samantha. "Using the Child Support Grant to advance the socio-economic rights of children affected by HIV/AIDS in South Africa : a critical reflection." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3557.
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Griffiths, Mikaela Ceridwen. "A profile of needs music therapy with HIV infected children in a South African institution /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02232005-104125/.
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Mohangi, Kamleshie. "Finding roses amongst thorns : how institutionalised children negotiate pathways to well-being while affected by HIV&AIDS." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04272009-094758.
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Hattam, Michelle. "The characteristics of a group of young children infected with HIV/AIDS at a regional hospital in Gauteng." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26395.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of HIV/AIDS and subsequent opportunistic infections and/or associated conditions on the development of infected children are substantial. Considerable delays and/or disorders in communication development have been noted in the HIV/AIDS infected child, as well as the need for Early Communication Intervention (ECI) services for this population. A dearth of locally relevant data regarding the speech, language and hearing development of HIV/AIDS infected children within the South African context currently exists. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of a group of HIV/AIDS infected children being managed at an outreach clinic of regional hospital in Gauteng. A cross-sectional, retrospective, non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative research design was used in this study. The main objective was achieved by analysing the clinic records of 203 children infected with HIV/AIDS between the ages of 0 – 5 years 11months through the use of a pre-designed checklist. A questionnaire completed by four medical doctors practicing at the HIV/AIDS clinic within the hospital was also used. This allowed for the perceptions and practices of the medical doctors to be described. Results revealed that the majority HIV/AIDS infected children being managed at the outreach clinic were significantly immunocompromised and diagnosed with Stage III or Stage IV HIV/AIDS infection. Furthermore, results indicated the presence of several opportunistic infections and HIV/AIDS associated conditions (such as Tuberculosis, Candidiasis and Encephalopathy). A positive finding was that 76% of the HIV/AIDS infected children (n=153) were receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) at the time of data collection. The most outstanding finding was that very few of the children with HIV/AIDS being managed at the outreach clinic were recorded as having speech, language and/or hearing delays and/or disorders. Similarly, referrals to other professionals as recorded in the children’s hospital records seemed to be limited to Social Workers and Dietitians, with only one child recorded as being referred to a Speech-Language Therapist and Audiologist for further management. It was unclear whether more children were in fact referred for additional intervention by other professionals and this was simply not recorded in the children’s records, or whether these referrals were in fact not made. Results from the questionnaires completed by the medical doctors working with the pediatric HIV/AIDS population within the outreach clinic were significant. Findings indicated that the majority of the respondents believed that HIV/AIDS infected infants were more at risk for developmental and communicative delays and/or disorders than the general population, and that this population would likely benefit from Speech-Language Therapy and/or Audiology intervention services. Respondents indicated that medical doctors working with the pediatric HIV/AIDS population were often not adequately informed regarding the effects of HIV/AIDS on communication development and that they would benefit from further training in this regard. The need for further research regarding the characteristics of the pediatric HIV/AIDS population, particularly on a larger sample, was described. This would assist in the development of a guideline for ECI service delivery for children infected with HIV/AIDS. The need for further training of other professionals regarding the effects that HIV/AIDS has on the communication development of the infected child, to assist with necessary referrals and teamwork, was also highlighted. AFRIKAANS : Suid-Afrika is een van die lande ter wêreld, wat die hoogste voorkoms van Menslike Immuniteitsgebrekvirus/ Verworwe Immuniteitsgebreksindroom (MIV/VIGS), toon - met die pediatriese populasie op die voorfront van hierdie epidemie. Die effek wat MIV/VIGS en opeenvolgende opportunistiese infeksies en/of ander geassosieerde toestande op die ontwikkeling van kinders het, is verreikend. Internasionale literatuur beskryf agterstande en/of akwykings in die kommunikasie ontwikkeling van kinders wat met MIV/VIGS geinfekteer is. Die behoefte vir Vroeë Kommunikasie Intervensie (VKI) vir hierdie populasie word ook gemeld. Daar bestaan egter slegs ‘n beperkte hoeveelheid relevante, plaaslike literatuur met betrekking tot die spraak-, taal- en gehoorontwikkeling van kinders met MIV/VIGS binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die kenmerke van ‘n groep kinders, wat met MIV/VIGS besmet is en by ‘n streekshospitaal in Gauteng behandel word, te beskryf. ‘n Kwantitatiewe, nie-eksperimentele, terugwerkende, dwarsdeurige, beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gebruik. Die hoofdoelwit was bereik deur die kliniekrekords van kinders wat met MIV/VIGS besmet is, te analiseer deur van ‘n vooraf-ontwerpte merklys gebruik te maak. Data is ook ingesamel deur middel van vraelyste wat deur mediese dokters, wat by MIV/VIGS klinieke binne die hospitale werk, voltooi is. Dit het toegelaat dat die persepsies en praktyke van die mediese dokters ook beskryf kon word. Resultate het getoon dat die meerderheid kinders met MIV/VIGS, wat by klinieke behandel word, se immuunsisteme ernstig onderdruk was en dat hulle met stadium III of stadium IV van MIV/VIGS gediagnoseer was. Die resultate het verder ook die voorkoms van verskeie opportunistiese infeksies en MIV/VIGS geassosieerde toestande aangedui. ‘n Positiewe bevinding was dat 76% van die kinders (n=153), wat met MIV/VIGS geinfekteer was, tydens die proses van data-insameling reeds Hoogsaktiewe Antiretrovirale Terapie (HAART) ontvang het. Die mees uitstaande bevinding was dat slegs ‘n geringe hoeveelheid kinders met MIV/VIGS by die kliniek, as met ‘n agterstand en/of afwyking in spraak, taal en/of gehoor, aangeteken is. Beperkte verwysings na ander professionele persone is ook in die kliniekrekords opgemerk. Verwysings was beperk tot Maatskaplike Werkers en Dieëtkundiges. Daar was slegs een aantekening van ‘n kind wat vir behandeling na ‘n Spraak- en Taalterapeut en Oudioloog verwys is. Dit is egter onduidelik of daar werklik meer verwysings na ander professionele persone gemaak is, maar net nie in die kinders se kliniekrekords aangedui is nie, of dat daar werklik min verwysings na ander professionele dissiplines gemaak is. Bykomend, was die resultate van voltooide vraelyste deur mediese dokters, wat met die pediatriese MIV/VIGS populasie in die kliniek werk, insiggewend. Bevindings dui aan dat die meerderheid proefpersone, wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, van mening is dat kinders wat met MIV/VIGS besmet is wel ‘n hoër risiko toon vir ontwikkelings- en kommunikasie agterstande en/of afwykings in vergeleke met die algemene populasie. Die proefpersone is verder ook van mening dat hierdie populasie wel van spraak- en taalterapie en/of oudiologiese intervensie sal baatvind. Proefpersone het verder aangedui dat mediese dokters, wat met die pediatriese MIV/VIGS populasie werk, nie ten volle ingelig is omtrent die effek van MIV/VIGS op kommunikasie ontwikkeling en dat hulle van verdere opleiding sal baatvind. Die behoefte vir verdere navorsing in die veld van pediatriese MIV/VIGS en kommunikasie ontwikkeling, binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, word in hierdie studie beskryf. Dit sal as riglyn vir VKI dienslewering aan hierdie populasie dien. Daar is ook ‘n groot behoefte vir verdere opleiding van ander mediese professionele persone met betrekking tot pediatriese MIV/VIGS en die effek wat die op die kind se kommunikasie ontwikkeling het.Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
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Bungane, Xoliswa Patricia. "Guidelines for social workers to improve foster care placements for children affected by HIV/AIDS| / Xoliswa Patricia Bungane." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1655.
Full textAbstract:
HIV and AIDS are dramatically reshaping the population structure of South Africa. The number of orphans as a result of AIDS-related deaths is expected to rise. This places a heavier burden of care on grandmothers, female relatives and community members, and children. One of the consequences of AIDS-related deaths is the increase in the number of foster care applications. The involvement of social workers in providing care for the infected, but especially the affected, is important. Social workers find themselves in the frontline with regard to dealing with the consequences of HIV and AIDS.
The aim of the study was to develop guidelines for social workers to address the needs of foster children and foster parents affected by HIV and AIDS. A literature study and empirical research was done. The survey method was used as a systematic data gathering procedure. Data was gathered among 21 foster children and their 21 foster parents by means of a self-designed schedule. The researcher administered the schedules by conducting a personal interview with each of the respondents. This research was done in the Motheo district.
The findings of this research reflected that foster parents and their foster children affected by HIV and AIDS experience a huge amount of problems. Social workers do not always address these problems adequately; therefore there is much room for improvement, especially in the Motheo district.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Pienaar, Sunette. "The untold stories of women in historically disadvantaged communities, infected and/or affected by HIV/AIDS, about care and/or the lack of care." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06252004-095200/.
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Skeen, Sarah Ann. "Children affected by HIV/AIDS attending programmes to improve psychosocial well-being: current status and pathways to effective interventions." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27529.
Full textAbstract:
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has a substantial impact on children across the globe and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Across sub-Saharan Africa, there are a number of organisations and programmes providing care and support to children affected by HIV/AIDS. However, this strong programmatic focus on mitigating the impact of HIV/AIDS on children at community level has not been matched with concomitant research investment into the needs of children who attend these programmes at these organisations, their health and development, how these organisations work, and whether they are effective. This thesis attempts to address this gap by reporting on three separate analyses of data from the Child Community Care study in South Africa and Malawi, and a systematic review on interventions to improve psychosocial wellbeing of this group. The first analysis describes developmental outcomes of children affected by HIV/AIDS attending community-based programmes and the types of services these children are receiving. The second analysis reports on the mental health of carers of children affected by HIV. In the third analysis I report on the relationship between different forms of violence and mental health status among children affected by HIV/AIDS in the sample. The fourth part is a systematic review of interventions developed to improve the psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS, published between January 2008 and February 2016. The results of these studies highlight the complex needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS attending these organisations. CBOs are reaching a vulnerable group of children and their families, and are well-placed to intervene with this population. There are promising models of interventions available, although the evidence base remains small. Caregivers should not be neglected in programming; parenting programmes provide a potential mechanism for delivering integrated interventions that address multiple risk factors for caregiver and child wellbeing. Mental health, particularly of caregivers, should be explicitly addressed as a part of CBO programming. However, funding for programming needs to be implemented with opportunities for training and supervision. In addition, there is a need for increased partnerships between practitioners and researchers in order to evaluate existing programmes and to design evaluation studies that suit community settings, and that can feed into the growing evidence base.
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Botha, Jo-Anne Elizabeth. "Motor development and growth status of 2 to 6-year old children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / Jo-Anne Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/711.
Full textAbstract:
Research indicates that children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) display a variety of neuro-developmental, cognitive, motor and
nutritional deficiencies (Epstein el al., 1986:678; Davis-McFarland, 2000:20; Blanchette et al.,
2001:50). Research also substantiates a need for additional intervention strategies such as
improved nutrition and exercise programmes to improve the quality of life for HIV-infected
children (Brady, 1994: 18; Stein et al., 1995:3 1 ; Parks & Danoff, 1999:527). The maintenance of
motor skills in above-mentioned children is an important objective for intervention programmes,
especially gross motor skills (Parks & Danoff, 1999:525). Literature indicates that growth
retardation, exhaustion of fat storage and neuro-developmental deficiencies are related to
HIV/AIDS (Aylward et al., 1992:218; Miller & Garg, 1998:368; Davis-McFarland, 2000:20;
Miller et al., 200 1 : 1287). The monitoring of growth status is of outmost importance as children
with serious stunting and wasting run the risk of early death. Growth retardation can also be an
indication of infection or fast disease progression (Bobat et al, 200! :209).
The aim of this study was firstly to determine the state of the motor development of 2, to 6-year
old children infected with HIV and to compare it with that of affected (in that they are not
infected with HIV, but have lost one or both parents to AIDS-related diseases) and non-affected
children. Secondly the study aimed to determine the effect of a motor intervention programme
for 2 to 6-year old children infected with and affected by HIV. A third aim was to determine the
growth status of 2 to 6-year old children infected with HIV and to compare it with that of affected
and non-affected children; and the last aim was to monitor the developmental tendencies of body
composition and growth of 2 to 6-year old children infected with HIV in the course of nine
months and to compare it with that of affected and non-affected children.
The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-:! (PDMS-2) (Folio & Fewell, 2000), which consist of
six subtests, was used to determine the motor development of the children. Regarding the growth
status the children were subjected to a series of anthropometric measurements of height, weight,
circumference (upper arm - both tonic and relaxed), as well as skin folds (triceps, sub-scapular,
calf), in accordance with standard procedures as prescribed by the International Society of
Advanced Kinanthropometry (ISAK).
The data was analysed using Statistica for Windows (Statsoft-, Inc S.A., 2001) and SAS (2000-
2003). Descriptive statistics were used to determine means (M), standard deviations (SD) and
maximum and minimum values. One-way variance of analysis, forward stepwise discriminant
analysis, independent T-testing, dependant T-testing and an ANCOVA, repeated measures
ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc analysis were used to analyse the data in accordance with the
above-mentioned aims. The level of statistic significance was set at p<0,05. Practical
significance of differences (ES) between the testing sessions was calculated by dividing the mean
difference (M) between the two testing sessions by the largest standard deviation (SD), as
recommended by Cohen (1988) and Steyn (1999). Cohen (1988) set the following guidelines for
interpreting practical significance, namely ES = 0,2 (small effect); ES = 0,5 (medium effect) and
ES = 0,8 (large effect). Due to the small number of subjects it was considered practically
significant if this effect size indicated a medium and larger effect.
From the results of the study it seemed that the HIV-infected children performed the poorest of
the groups regarding gross motor, fine motor and total motor skills. This group's gross motor
skills showed larger deficits than their fine motor skills, while loco-motor skills contributed the
most to the discrimination between the groups. The motor intervention programme led to a
statistically significant improvement in loco-motor, fine motor, as well as total motor skills. The
infected children showed better improvement compared to the affected children. The infected
group displayed the poorest growth status of the three groups compared to the Centre for Disease
Control (CDC) growth profiles, although they did not differ significantly from the affected
children. The infected children differed significantly regarding height percentile, fat percentage
and height-for-age 2-score (HAZ) from non-affected children. The infected group also displayed
the least significant effects in the form of growth increases over the nine months monitoring
period.
It can be concluded from the results that motor deficiencies and growth impediments are part OF
the life of HIV infected children. To address these problems, intervention strategies, such as
motor intervention and nutrition programmes are needed.Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Thebe, Sylvia Kelebogile. "Views of a rural community on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the children of infected parents : intervention guidelines / S.K. Thebe." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1272.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of HIV/AIDS extends beyond those living with the virus, as each infection
affects the lives of the family, friends and communities surrounding an infected person.
Those most affected by HIV/AIDS are the children.
The aim of this study was to examine the views of a rural community concerning the impact
ofHIV/AIDS status of the parents on their children and to provide intervention guidelines to
address the problem. From the research study it was clear that the inhabitants of
Heuningvlei village were mostly unemployed and unable to generate income due to lack of
skills, training and other opportunities. There was vast evidence of poverty in the
community. The community is of opinion that children are negatively affected
educationally, socially, economically and health-wise when their parents have HIV/AIDS.
They saw family support and material and financial resources as a priority to assist these
children through caring and providing food parcels and social grants. Due to poverty in the
community and the increase in the numbers of children affected by HIVIAlDS, the caring
capacities of families are reduced and children are often left to care for themselves. The
community views the role of the social worker as very important. Therefore guidelines are
essential for social workers to help communities care for children affected by HIV/AIDS.Mini-dissertation (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Phetoe, Tshadinyana Merriam. "Psychological well-being of HIV-affected children and their experience of a community based HIV stigma reduction and wellness enhancement intervention / Tshadinyana Merriam Phetoe." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9815.
Full textAbstract:
The HIV epidemic does not only affect people living with HIV or AIDS but has a large impact on the children. They are being stigmatised by association. There is paucity in research on HIV stigma interventions. In addition, existing interventions aimed at reducing HIV stigma are not community based and very few are aimed at HIV-affected children. The purpose of this study was to assess the change on psychological well-being of HIV-affected children after a Community based HIV Stigma Reduction and Wellness Enhancement Intervention, and to explore and describe their experiences thereof. This study formed part of a larger Community based HIV Stigma Reduction and Wellness Enhancement Intervention project.
A mixed method convergent parallel design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection, analyses and integration of findings was applied. The sample was drawn from populations in the greater Potchefstroom urban area and rural Ganyesa in the North West Province. The children as participants in this study were children of PLHA in the larger study and were recruited using snowball sampling (n=11) and were between the ages 15 and 21 years. The quantitative component utilised a one group pre-test-repetitive-post-test design which was analysed by using IBM SPSS (ver. 20) by comparing t-test scores and F-ratios in ANOVA. The qualitative component of the study employed a holistic multiple case study approach and qualitative interpretive description and data were analysed by using thematic content and document analyses.
The results indicated no significant difference between the urban and the rural groups in the subscales and total scores of mental well-being. The results of the total scores projected that the participants’ mental health was in the region of moderately mentally healthy. The in-depth interviews confirmed the three dimensions of the subscales indicating that they have verbalised similar experiences to the itemised subscales of emotional, social and psychological well-being. The intervention was a meaningful experience to the children. They gained knowledge about HIV stigma and how to cope with it; as well how to build relationships amongst themselves and with the PLHA. They gained a better understanding of their parents suffering from HIV and other PLHA as well as support of one another being in this difficult situation. Conducting the project led to them becoming empowered to act as leaders in HIV stigma reduction. The results of the in-depth interviews showed that the children gained a greater awareness of the process of the stigma and experienced a general increase in their knowledge throughout the workshop and the project. They formed meaningful relationships with other children and deepened their relationships with their parents and other PLHA. The children were empowered through these interventions to advocate against HIV stigma despite the challenges they faced. They gained confidence and experienced personal growth through their participation in the project.
It is recommended that the findings of the study be applied in education to raise awareness of HIV stigma among psychology students and for training of practicing psychologists on their role in reducing HIV stigma and enhancing well-being of the PLHA and those living close to them. It could also be meaningful if the intervention were to be used for practice purposes where support is given to the newly diagnosed PLHA and those associated with them. Further research can be done to test sustainability of the intervention in a different context and with a bigger sample.Thesis (MA (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Mukangara, Martha. "Evangelism as a local church outreach ministry to women and children affected with HIV and AIDS at Chikanga UMC in Zimbabwe, Africa." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/334.
Full textAbstract:
Of the many challenges that Zimbabwe is facing, the HIV and AIDS pandemic ranks most threatening. This project draws attention and focuses on set-ups probing into the nature of the approaches to combat the pandemic. Given the issues surrounding the spread of the virus, including, for example, stigmatization/discrimination, sexuality, models of transmission, cultural beliefs and practices, trauma, health-care services, aid organizations as well as governance issues. People raise questions that cut across the societal belief terrains on the one hand, and scientific/technological advancements on the other. This project explores how to empower women and children with HIV and AIDS and proposes eight healthy practices and a year- program outline for in- depth understanding and assimilation of caring awareness designed for children in Sunday school, youth in Bible Study, and adults in women’s/men’s fellowship groups. This project comprises of four chapters and uses library research, including reviews of published studies, books and articles written from the perspective of women affected with HIV and AIDS and caring for AIDS patients. The first chapter introduces and delineates the nature and scope of the project. The second chapter provides the overview of the history of Zimbabwe, describes the current state of women and children and causes of HIV and AIDS, and transformation through evangelism model in relationship with Atlanta Interfaith AIDS Network program (AlAN). The third chapter highlights the positive and negative role of religion in Zimbabwe, definition of HIV and AIDS in the African tradition, and negative role of Christians in Zimbabwe. The fourth chapter identifies theology of reconstruction and concept of “Jesus the only way to salvation.” The fifth chapter addresses the ministry title, which is Pastoral Leadership, Theology, Healthy Congregations and Community, and liberating people from different problems. The sixth chapter offers the outline of the project. It involves the primary settin~ secondary setting, and producing a complete dissertation of the total project. The seventh chapter sums up the necessity of healthy congregation in the 21S1 century, and needs of transformation in the nature of HIV and AIDS. The eighth chapters are the bibliographical References.
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Mailula, Gaefele Simon. "Listening to the unheard stories of children affected by HIV and AIDS in a bereavement process in the Mamelodi Township of Tshwane a narrative research study /." Thesis, Pretoria [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/avaialble/etd-09252009-011209/.
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Mathiba, Olorato P. "An Oral Health Survey among HIV-infected children younger than twelve years of age presenting at the Paediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic at Tygerberg Hospital." The University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5531.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)HIV/AIDS remains a global health problem. Orofacial manifestations of HIV/AIDS have been found to be among the first signs of immune suppression and have been used in the clini-cal staging of the disease. Infants and children are prone to opportunistic infections because of the immature immune system. Orofacial manifestations of HIV can therefore be used to predict prog-nosis and progression of infection. The introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has since seen a decline in the development of opportunistic infections and HIV-related orofacial manifestations.
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Twalo, Lindelwa Princess. "Lack of a support system for people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS in the workplace : can emotional and psychosocial support assist them to cope better with their problems?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3374.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.This research paper investigates the need for emotional and psychosocial support for people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS in the workplace. Most employees infected and affected by HIV and AIDS, as well as their families, often need assistance to cope with stigma, rejection, and discrimination, as well as having to adjust to the diagnosis, to confront the fear of losing independence, and to prepare themselves for the changes that might happen to their lives. Hence, through counseling and support, they can have more knowledge about HIV and AIDS and reduced fears and misconceptions about living with HIV and AIDS. Some research organizations, such as the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, do provide emotional and psychosocial support, and advice for people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS. An attitude survey was conducted with about 400 employees at the Unilever Company in Boksburg, Johannesburg, in September and October 2005 to determine whether emotional and psychosocial support could play a role in motivating people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS to live positively with the virus, in eliminating related stigma and fears. Employees from this organization were chosen as the population for this survey as a prevalence study and VCT was carried out with them in August and September 2005, so they knew and trusted the councilors who were giving results to them and they had established a relationship with them. I booked appointments for follow-up counseling sessions of 45 minutes after VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing) and then told them about the support group at their workplace. The findings indicate that there is indeed a need for emotional and psychosocial support for people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS in the workplace. Among other findings, respondents, especially those infected, reported that they had learned that being HIV positive is not the end of the world but the beginning as long as you look after yourself you can live a normal and productive life for many years, as long as you take extra care of yourself. Most of the affected respondents reported that they had never done an HIV test before due to their own fear of the prognosis. Having acquired more facts about HIV and AIDS, those that had not been tested stated that they now planned to do so. Both groups – those who tested negative and those who tested positive – reported that they also learned about the importance of disclosing your one’s status as a means of getting support.
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Mengel, Nadia. "A Social Work assessment of the emotional needs of HIV/AIDS orphans." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08182004-090705.
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Loots, Mathilda Christina. "'n Verkenning van opvoeders se mobilisering van bates ter ondersteuning van gemeenskapshantering van MIV/VIGS." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09052005-122103/.
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Okello, Tom Were. "Care of children affected and infected by HIV/ AIDS at Khayelihle Childrens Home, Cato Ridge, South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/181.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Community Work; in the Departmnet of Social Work, 2004.In this study the researcher investigated care of children affected and infected by HIV/AIDS at Khayelihle Children's Home. The principal aim of the study was to offer a diagnostic, evaluative assessment of the care for children at Khayelihle Children's Home. Survey methodology was adopted for this research- Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting a sample of the respondents to participate in the study. Three strata of: children: aunts/grandmothers: and the international volunteers were selected from the total population at Khayelihle children's home. Sixty people drawn from the stratas participated in the study. Data was collected by use of structured interviews. Documentary sources and observations were utilised as complementary methods to data collection. Data collected was analysed using descriptive analysis. Tables and pie - charts were used to enter specific types of data and show-relationships between variables. The findings from the study indicated that the care of children at Khayelihle Children's Hume was not effective. Several reasons are advanced for this phenomenon. These include: inability to protect children from exploitation, abuse, and neglect: inability of fostering the development of a close and secure relationship with caregiver- as well as allowing a close relationship with the remaining family members. Other reasons include: little emphasis in helping children understand the imminent death of a parent: their identity; uniqueness and a sense of personal continuity especially in the maintenance of a close link with the cultural community: and failure in encouraging children expression of emotions a prerequisite for psychosocial development. It was concluded that the care for children at Khayelihle children's needed to promote psychosocial development and resilience in children for them to be able to deal with the imminent challenges of life as orphans in the face of HIWAIDS epidemic. The study recommends that, the care (or children at Khayelihle should put in perspective the underlying values advocated by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which should serve as a constant reference for die implementing and monitoring all efforts to care, promote, fulfil and protect children's right-.
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Nieuwoudt, Desiree. "Caregivers' motivation for adopting children affected by and infected with HIV and/or AIDS / D. Nieuwoudt." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13403.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the motivations of caregivers who have adopted children affected by, and infected with, HIV/AIDS. The caregivers who participated in the study are from Rustenburg, in the North-West Province. These caregivers form part of the ethnic group classified as Coloured. The community from which these caregivers come have many caregivers who regularly adopt and look after more than four children, at least one of whom is affected by, or infected with, HIV/AIDS. None of the children who were adopted lived with their biological parents, as their parents had either died of HIV/AIDS or had abandoned them when they were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.
This research is a phenomenological study that followed a qualitative descriptive research design. This research design allowed the caregivers to share their motivations for adopting children affected by and infected with HIV/AIDS. The caregivers found it very rewarding to communicate and share their perspectives on, and motivations for, adopting children affected by and infected with HIV/AIDS, and to share their real thoughts and feelings. The caregivers were able to give profound and sincere answers about their motivation to adopt HIV/AIDS affected and infected children. Four female caregivers were purposefully selected from the Rustenburg area. All four of the caregivers were single parents; they have all lost their spouses as a result of death or divorce during the past 10 years.
The researcher, therefore, collected data through observation, a focus group discussion, in-depth interviews and a collage activity. The focus group discussion and in-depth interviews were recorded on a digital voice recorder. The focus group discussion was conducted with the caregivers; one week prior to the in-depth interviews.
The focus group discussion included a collage activity, where the caregivers used pictures and words to express their motivations to adopt HIV/AIDS affected and
infected children. Thematic data analysis was used to transform the transcribed data into meaningful information on adoption.MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Venter, Cathrin. "Voluntary care workers' perceptions of the effectiveness of their training to provide psychosocial care and support to children affected and infected by HIV/AIDs." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10370.
Full textAbstract:
The AIDS epidemic has a severe impact on South Africa's population. One of the most
disastrous consequences is the thousands of children affected and infected by HIV / AIDS.
Various non-government organizations (NGO) take responsibility for orphan and
vulnerable children's relief activities within a community development model. Efforts are
often made by NGO's to identify natural leaders (volunteer care workers) from the
community and to train them to help with their OVC-psychosocial outreach programmes.
However, the voluntary care workers need to be guided by appropriate, goal orientated
training and to be provided with a vision to guide them in their community work.
Ongoing training is important to reinforce existing and to develop new skills. However,
not all programmes used by the various NGOs who are involved in the care and support
to OVC are based on sound theoretical principles, nor carefully monitored and evaluated.
Evaluation is thus an essential tool to improve care and support initiatives through
identifying the shortfalls in a training program that may impact negatively on its
effectiveness.
In light of the above, St Josephs Care and Support Trust, an NGO involved in the care of
OVC, approached the researcher to evaluate the effectiveness of its care and support
programme. The research focused on gaining insight into and exploring voluntary care
worker's perceptions and experiences of the effectiveness of the training they have
received in providing care and support to children affected and infected by HIV / AIDS
with the view to improve St. Joseph's community outreach activities.
The use of participatory evaluation was viewed as an appropriate method to use for the
study in facilitating an understanding of the voluntary care worker's own experiences
with regard to their work and problems they experience in a specific setting. The study is
qualitative in nature and utilized focus group discussions as a means of data collection.
All (twenty one) voluntary care workers that form part of the St Josephs Trust
psychosocial programme participated in the study. A thematic analysis technique was
used to analyze the data of the present study.
The present study concluded that the training programme equipped the voluntary care
workers with knowledge and skills enabling them to provide comprehensive care to the
ave and to mobilize existing resources. The training was also instrumental in providing
the voluntary care workers with opportunities for critical reflection and self-development.
However, working as voluntary care workers proved to be stressful at times and became
apparent in the difficulties they experience in coping with the demands made on their
professional and private lives. The much needed basic counseling skills did not form part
of voluntary care worker's training and contributed to them feeling inadequate at times,
that in turn contributed to increased experiences of stress. Although support efforts by the
NGO was seen as helpful by the voluntary care workers, a greater focus and
acknowledgment of their role and needs would strengthen their efforts in providing care
and support to the ave. Recommendations are made with regard to programme
improvement, protocol development and supportive strategies for the voluntary care
workers.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
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Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/606.
Full textAbstract:
Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana.
This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made.Educational Studies
D.Ed.(Educational Management)
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"Families affected by HIV/AIDS in Kyasands informal settlement." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8611.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Community Development)The statistics on HIV/Aids in this study overwhelm the imagination. It has great social and economical consequences for individuals, families and communities. The generation of between 15-24 years are vulnerable to infection especially women. From the population of about 46 million in South Africa, 5.7 million were HIV positive by the end of 2007 with about 1000 deaths every day. Sub-Saharan Africa appeared to be the most hit by this tragedy as indicated by statistics in this study. When parents die of Aids, the burden of orphaned children is left with relatives and extended families to look after those children. The number of orphans is escalating due to increasing death rate of parents. A detailed discussion on the extended families which includes their origin, roles they play as well as challenges they face in caring for orphaned children is included as well. Challenges include having to deal with grief and changing behaviour of the orphaned children. The goal of this study was to conduct an analysis of extended families affected by HIV/Aids taking care of orphans, living in the Kyasands informal settlement in order to improve service delivery. The main objectives of the study included exploring the needs of these extended families caring for orphaned children in terms of social, emotional and material aspects as well as challenges they face and how they manage to survive. A qualitative method was used in conducting this study with the use of semi-structured interviews to collect information. The main central question asked was, how do you manage to live with an additional member within your family. The main findings in this study were reported which included the strength and composition of assets and the extended families’ resources to make a living and adjust to shocks of life. Family was seen as the most trusted asset in this study by the respondents. Just to mention a few, most of the families owned shacks, battery operated radios and televisions since they live in formal settlement without any permanent infrastructures.
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Skhosana, Thabang Johannes. "The unheard stories about pastoral care of Christian women infected and affected by HIV/AIDS." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28599.
Full textAbstract:
This research covers the story of four persons from different backgrounds brought together by their faith in God, fellowship in the same church, residing in the same community and sharing the experience of living with HIV and AIDS: either as infected and/or affected individually. I am one of these persons due to the fact that I lost my sister to HIV and AIDS, thus I am affected. Though I only appear in the story as the researcher, it is my own loss that made it possible for me to empathise with my co-researchers. While one co-researcher was affected due to the fact that her husband was infected, became ill and died of HIV and AIDS-related sicknesses, the other two women were both infected by their husbands and at the same time were affected because they had to nurse the same husband who infected them. This was one of the cruelest moments in their lives but they forgave their husbands and cared for them to the end. In order for my research to reach the holistic insight into these women’s stories, I used the postfoundationalist practical theology approach. The reason for this is that this approach is contextual and relevant to people’s everyday life. One does not have to import knowledge to try to solve problems emanating from a particular context, but one needs to engage the locals and from that engagement, people start to reflect positively on their problems. Other lessons learnt is that one needs more than just a religious experience to play a role in solving the problem of HIV and AIDS; one needs more of the other disciplines to work together. In places like Mozambique, HIV and AIDS is not regarded as one of the health problems, but is classified as an interdepartmental or multi-sectoral problem. This means that HIV and AIDS do not affect only the Health Department, but all the departments. As such, each department is expected to have its own HIV and AIDS budget. It is here that I propose the Multi Disciplinary Team (MDT) composed of professionals from different disciplines working together to help solve the problem at hand. HIV and AIDS also help us to revisit our own understanding of God. While some people see the pandemic as the punishment from God for promiscuity, the truth is that we are all created in His image and this loving God does not destroy His own creation through HIV and AIDS. In His loving care, He reaches out to the unreached and cares for all His people: whether they are infected with HIV and AIDS, cancer or just are as healthy as they could be. The process of this research has empowered and enabled me to contribute to those who are infected and affected to be resilient and to stand, having hope in the goodness of God, working with others to bring a lasting solution to those infected and affected. Being resilient helps one to reclaim the marred Image of God in oneself and to reflect that image to impact onto our communities.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Practical Theology
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Graham, Theresa. "Support for children and families affected by HIV/AIDS : a systemic intervention." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22643.
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Erasmus, Valerie. "Development of a healthy snack for children with HIV/AIDS or compromised immunity." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/88.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis. (M.Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism and PR Management))--Vaal University of Technology, 2009.Background - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes the disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). the IV/AIDS epidemic in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) has already orphaned a generation of children, and it is projected that by 2010, 18 million African children under the age of 18 years are likely to be orphans (Andrew, Skinner & Zuma 2006:269-276). In 2005 approximately 4.1 million people died of AIDS-related illnesses. A common consequence of HIV/AIDS infection is malnutrition and weight loss, which is used as a diagnostic criterion for HIV/AIDS. the relationship between HIV/AIDS and malnutrition and wasting is well desccribed, with nutritional status compromised by reduced food intake, malabsorption caused by gastrointestinal involvement, increased nutritional needs as a result of fever and infection and increased nutritional losses. Malnutrition contributes to the frequency and severity of the opportunistic infections seen in HIV/AIDS and nutritional status is a major factor in survival. Failure to maintain body cell mass leads to death at 54 percent of ideal body weight. The effectiveness of nutrition intervention has been documented and counselling in dietary nutrition is considered critical in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Objective - The main objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status of the HIV/AIDS-affected or immunity compromised children attending a care centre in Boipatong in order to develop an energy bar to address malnutrition in these children. Methodology - This was an experimental study carried out in four phases. The planning of the study constituted the first phase. In the second phase a baseline survey was conducted, in which a socio-demographic questionnaire (n=45) was administered amongst children aged six to 13, with the assistance of trained fieldworkers. Dietary intake was measured by a 24-hour recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and anthropometric measurements included height and weight. The data from the socio-demographic questionnaires and FFQ were captured on an Excel spreadsheet. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 15.0 program was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics were used (frequencies, means and SD. The 24-hour recall was analysed for means and Standard Deviation (SD) of nutrient intakes on the FoodFinder program version 3.0 and compared to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The anthropometric measurements were analysed using the WHO growth standards (2007). Phase 3 incorporated the development of the snack bar, sensory evaluation, microbiological tests for shelf life determination and chemical analyses to determine nutrient content. Phase 4 entailed the writing of the report. Results - In the baseline survey the results indicated that this was a low-income community with compromised nutrtion, mainly under-nutrition owing to poor dietary intake despite a good variety of foods in the diet. All the households included in this study were resident in Boipatong and the majority (86.5 percent) have lived in Boipatong for longer than five years. although the majority of respondents resided in brick houses (69 percent), only 30 percent had access to water inside and outside their houses, 23.1 percent had access to water, 78.4 percent had access to electricity and 75 percent had regular waste removal. The percentage of unemployed among the children's caregivers was high (60.9 percent) and the majority of households (40 percent) had an income on R500-1000 per month, with two contributors of household income in 57 percent of the households. Although the average household consisted of five people, the houses were relatively small with 75 percent of all the households having four or more rooms. All of the households experienced problems such as rodent and insect infestation. The household food security was also a dilemma in this community as 70.6 percent of the respondents indicated that they bought food only once a month and the majority of households spent less than R150 (5.4 percent of household income) on food per month i.e. less than R37.50 per week. The anthropometric results indicated 29 percent stunting, and 23 percent underweight among the boys in the target group, compared to 30 percent and 0 percent for the girls respectively. The criteria applied in developing the snack food were to achieve at least 25 percent of vitamin A, vitamin C, Vitamin E, certain B-group vitamins and minerals such as selenium, zinc and iron to meet the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Since the results showed that 67 percent of households had an electrical stove, an easily prepared recipe was formulated which could be taught to the caregiver. Moreover, at R1.50 per person per day, the product was cost-effective and proved safe as well as acceptable to the children, thus ensuring compliance when the feeding intervention is implemented. The sensory evaluation of the snack item showed that it was acceptable to the majority of the children as it received a high score for taste, general appearance and overall acceptability. The snack food item was tested for shelf life and the results showed a shelf life of 168 days in a refrigerator and a recommeded shelf life of 21 days at room temperature (30 C). Conclusions and recommendations - The results indicated that poverty, household food insecurity and malnutrition were prevalent in this community. Furthermore, the study proved that a product could be developed to meet specific criteria. It is recommended that this product be tested in a clinical intervention study to determine the impact on the nutritional status of children with compromised immunity.
National Research Foundation
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Dlamini, Cebsile Precious. "Disclosure of HIV status to infected children in Swaziland." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22630.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English and siSwatiThe purpose of this study was to develop support guidelines to assist with disclosure of HIV status to HIV infected children by their parents and caregivers in Swaziland. The study explored parents’ and caregivers’ experiences with disclosure, and described the pattern of disclosure for HIV status to infected children. A qualitative descriptive research was conducted. Data were collected through semi-structured with thirteen (13) parents and caregivers who were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data analysis was done using qualitative content analysis. Three themes emerged which were understanding the general concept of disclosure, the pattern followed by parents and caregivers on disclosure of HIV status to infected children and the experiences of parents and caregivers on HIV status disclosure to their children. Based on the findings, support guidelines were formulated to assist parents and caregivers with disclosure of HIV status to their infected children. The outcome of this study is the description of a clear pattern of when, how and what to be disclosed to HIV infected children; as described by the parents and caregivers of the HIV positive children.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
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Vilakazi, Sphiwe Magdeline. "Strategies for bringing HIV/AIDS awareness in Primary Schools." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30488.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined strategies that can be used for bringing about HIV/AIDS awareness in primary schools. The strategies are effective teaching skills that can be employed by educators for bringing HIV/AIDS awareness to primary school learners. The responsibilities of educators in the implementation of HIV/AIDS programs in primary schools were discussed. It was noted that educators have a great responsibility of teaching learners about HIV/AIDS, the most important of which was to provide learners with accurate information regarding HIV/AIDS. Another one was that educators should also make sure that effective teaching and learning of HIV/AIDS does takes place in the schools. The study has also examined knowledge that children should have regarding the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The basic awareness of HIV/AIDS by children was found to be essential. Some of the factors that promote the spread of HIV infection were also discussed. Different types of STIs were discussed. From the discussions, it is evident that there is a link between STIs and HIV/AIDS. Although STIs can be treated by medication, they are sometimes hard to cure. In this study, it was discovered that the early and correct treatment of STIs is an important weapon in the armoury against HIV transmission. The significance of life skills programs in primary schools was also examined. It was discovered that the subject of HIV/AIDS could not be taught in isolation; life skills programs should always be included. The issue of primary school learners who are infected and affected by HIV/AIDS was also discussed. It was discovered that in the context of HIV/AIDS, learners fall into two main groups, namely the infected and affected. Infected learners are those learners who are living with the virus in their bodies, while affected learners are those who have infected family members or friends. Various ways by which HIV can be transmitted and prevented in primary schools were also examined. Strategies that can be used for bringing about HIV/AIDS awareness in primary schools were dealt with in chapter six. Recommendations based on teaching skills that can be used by educators in presenting HIV/AIDS lessons were made.Dissertation (Magister Educationis (Learners Support, Guidance and Counselling))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Educational Psychology
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Govender, Vathanayagi. "The experiences of social workers in the provision of reconstruction services to HIV infected children." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1750.
Full textAbstract:
Abdool Karim (Daily News, 02 December 2009) aptly states that one of the daunting social development challenges facing our young democracy in South Africa is the HIV and AIDS pandemic which has seriously impacted on the increase of HIV infected children. The study explored the experiences of social workers in the provision of reconstruction services to HIV infected children. This research study used a qualitative descriptive methodology. There were two sample groups: one consisted of five social workers from five institutions and the second consisted of six social workers from two child welfare organizations. Data was collected by means of semi-structured in- depth interviews with the institutional social workers. One focus group was held with child welfare social workers for the purpose of enhancing the reliability, validity and trustworthiness of the study. Globalization has had a substantial impact on social work services which has been further articulated through ‘new managerialism’, whereby welfare states are becoming cost effective businesses (Dominelli, 2002). Both welfare agencies and social workers pursuant to “new managerialism” have to justify their existence on a day to day basis due to the market principles that have been applied to the profession; it has to be ‘economically sound’ to be a social worker and to continue to be employed. The findings show that there were five key themes and various sub-themes that emerged from the in-depth interviews and the focus group interviews that posed as challenges for social workers. The lack of resources, high staff turnover, the recruitment of foster families emerged as factors that contributed to the challenges experienced by both institutional and child welfare social workers. Despite the many constraints placed on social workers several initiatives have been taken by institutional and child welfare social workers in the implementation of various services and programmes provided to families, communities and children infected or affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. In the face of “new managerialism” it is recommended that social workers need to accept that structural forces such as the economy, political, poverty and unemployment have a profound impact on organizations therefore it is necessary for social workers to advocate and lobby for adequate resources such as vehicles, access to telephones and computers and regular supervision, in the provision of reconstruction services. Furthermore social workers must have an updated knowledge regarding relevant policies and legislation that impact service delivery. The Department of Social Development should work in collaboration with the Department of Health and Education so that efforts could be made to ensure that HIV infected children continue with schooling, thereby developing them into more independent individuals. Finally an additional subsidy should be provided by the National Department of Social Development to institutions for services to accommodate family and prospective foster parents who stay over at institutions.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.