Academic literature on the topic 'Children of AIDS patients – Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Children of AIDS patients – Africa"
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Murthy, Jayabalan. "HIV & AIDS in Africa: Implications and challenges for African Churches." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 9, no. 14 (April 12, 2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v9i14.291.
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Este artigo apresenta a ideia geral sobre HIV & AIDS, explora como o estigma e discriminação degradam as condições de vida do PLWHA. O artigo apresenta também as implicações e desafios desta situação para as Igrejas Africanas. HIV & AIDS são frequentemente considerados como a punição de Deus de transgressões sexuais, ou até mesmo a forma que Deus usa para eliminar os elementos pecaminosos da sociedade. A sociedade considera os portadores de HIV & AIDS como pecadores por causa da doença, ou a doença os faz pecadores. Como fica, então, a situação de crianças e pessoas que não estão envolvidas em atividades imorais. As atitudes das pessoas que se consideram justas levam-nas a pensar e crer que os portadores de HIV & AIDS não são justos. Devido a este tipo de julgamento da parte da igreja e da sociedade os portadores de HIV & AIDS são estigmatizados e discriminados pela igreja e pela sociedade. This paper deals with the general idea about HIV & AIDS and further explores how stigma and discrimination worsen the life PLWHA and finally implications and challenges for African Churches. HIV & AIDS is often considered to be God’s punishment for sexual transgressions, or even God’s way of eradicating sinful elements from society. The society considers HIV & AIDS patients as sinners, because of their disease, or their disease made them sinners. This brings us to question about Children and those not involved in immoral activities. The self righteous attitudes of people have led them to think and believe that HIV & AIDS patients are unrighteous. Due to this judgmental attitude of the church and society, HIV & AIDS affected and infected patients are stigmatized and discriminated by the church and society.
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Gisselquist, David, John J. Potterat, Stuart Brody, and Francois Vachon. "Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203762869151.
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The consensus among influential AIDS experts that heterosexual transmission accounts for 90% of HIV infections in African adults emerged no later than 1988. We examine evidence available through 1988, including risk measures associating HIV with sexual behaviour, health care, and socioeconomic variables, HIV in children, and risks for HIV in prostitutes and STD patients. Evidence permits the interpretation that health care exposures caused more HIV than sexual transmission. In general population studies, crude risk measures associate more than half of HIV infections in adults with health care exposures. Early studies did not resolve questions about direction of causation (between injections and HIV) and confound (between injections and STD). Preconceptions about African sexuality and a desire to maintain public trust in health care may have encouraged discounting of evidence. We urge renewed, evidence-based, investigations into the proportion of African HIV from non-sexual exposures.
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Meel, B. L. "HIV/AIDS Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Victims of Sexual Assault in South Africa." Medicine, Science and the Law 45, no. 3 (July 2005): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.45.3.219.
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An earlier study (Meel, 2003) showed that more than 90% of victims of sexual assault in Transkei region, South Africa, were HIV-seronegative at the time of the incident. This was despite the fact that the community had a high prevalence of HIV. In sexual assault cases post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended to prevent HIV transmission. Therefore, therapy with zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) is justified. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic characteristics of the victims, to assess the outcome of HIV transmission and to evaluate the success of PEP after its implementation in Transkei. There were 594 victims of sexual assault during the study period at Sinawe Centre from 2000-2003. Of these, 346 (58.2%) were children under the age of 15 years. Seventeen children (2.9%) were found to be HIV positive at the first test. Among the adults, 58(9.8%) tested HIV positive. Of the 225 who attended after PEP was introduced, only two were found to be HIV seropositive at the time of the incident. A second test was recommended after four weeks and a third after 12 weeks. The majority of the victims did not report for the second test, but all 35 who did come to be tested were seronegative. Seventeen of those were between 11-15 years of age. Only seven victims came for the third test, and they, too, were negative. Nausea and vomiting were the commonest side effects of PEP treatment in four patients and one developed a generalized rash. Only one victim seroconverted.
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Tshamala, Honoré Kalombayi, Loukia Aketi, Pierre Manianga Tshibassu, Mathilde Bothale Ekila, Eric Musalu Mafuta, Patrick Kalambayi Kayembe, Michel Ntetani Aloni, and Joseph Diayisu Shiku. "The Lipodystrophy Syndrome in HIV-Infected Children under Antiretroviral Therapy: A First Report from the Central Africa." International Journal of Pediatrics 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7013758.
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Background. Despite the high prevalence of the HIV/AIDS, few studies focused on the prevalence of lipodystrophy in pediatric HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of metabolic disorders related to ARV therapy in this population. Methods. A cross-sectional study was completed in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. HIV-infected children aged between six and 18 years on ARV were consecutively recruited. For each case, two control children (one non-HIV infected child and one HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve child) were also recruited. Results. 80 HIV-infected on ARV therapy children (group 1), 80 noninfected children (group 2) and 65 HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve children (group 3) were recruited. The frequency of lipoatrophy was not statistically different between group 1 (16.3%) and group 3 (21.5%). A significantly higher proportion of lipohypertrophy, hypercholesterolemia, and lactic acidosis was noted in children of group 1, compared to the controls (p<0.05). Mixed form was rarely observed in this series. The frequency of hypertriglyceridemia was not different between the 3 groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. Lipohypertrophy, hypercholesterolemia, and lactic acidosis emerge as a frequent metabolic disorders due to ARV therapy.
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Aliyu, Zakari Y., Sachdev Vandana, Aisha I. Mamman, Aliyu Babadoko, Peter Akpanpe, Ester Attah, Yusuf Suleiman, et al. "Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults and Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics and Role of Endemic Tropical Infections." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3793.3793.
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Abstract Pulmonary hypertension has a prevalence of 30% in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States with mortality rates of 40% at 40 months after diagnosis. The global burden of SCD is highest in sub-Saharan Africa where more than 200,000 children are born with the disease annually. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among individuals with SCD in Africa has not been previously reported. We performed Doppler echocardiographic assessments of pulmonary-artery systolic pressure in 206 consecutive hydroxyurea sickle cell patients at steady state in Nigeria, West Africa (101 males and 105 females; age range 10–52, mean [+/−SD] age, 21.5 +/− 7.7 years; 196 homozygous sickle cell and 10 compound heterozygotes SC). A control group consisted of 93 healthy Nigerians. Hemoglobin gentotype was determined by electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Pulmonary hypertension was defined prospectively as a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) of at least 2.5 m per second. We collected clinical data on the patients and controls, and blood specimens for clinical laboratory measurements. Doppler-defined pulmonary hypertension occurred in 25% of sickle cell patients (21% with TRV 2.5 – 2.9 m/sec, 4% with TRV ≥ 3 m/sec). The presence of pulmonary hypertension was inversly associated with age (p=0.04) and hemoglobin (p=0.0016), and positively associated with reticulocyte count, serum levels of lactose dehydrogenase (p=0.03), creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen and systolic (p=0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002) in bivariate analyses. In a multivariate linear regression model age, diastolic blood pressure and blood urea nitrogen had significant independent associations with pulmonary hypertension. There were no significant associations of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C co infections and malarial parasitemia rate with pulmonary hypertension. Our findings suggest that pulmonary hypertension is common among sickle cell patients in Africa and it appears to be a complication of chronic hemolysis and vasculopathy. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension decreases with age in Nigerian SCD patients, in sharp contrast to U.S. SCD patients, who demonstrate increasing prevalence with age. The public health implications of this finding are significant considering the potential number of individuals at risk for this complication. Large prospective cohort studies to determine the outcome of pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell patients in Africa are needed.
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Andrew Kiboneka. "The evolving burden of asthma and contemporary advances in management: Implications for clinical practice in Southern Africa." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 059–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0315.
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Asthma is a rising significant global public health burden especially in the developing countries. The annual prevalence of severe asthma episodes is estimated from 1% to 21% for adults and over 20% for children aged 6–7 years. The prevalence of asthma varies widely around the world, ranging from 0.2% to 21.0% in adults and from 2.8% to 37.6% in 6- to 7-year-old children. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) reports a significant increase in the global prevalence of asthmatic episodes among children. t was estimated that more than 339 million people had Asthma globally in 2016. It is a common disease among children. The common disease asthma is probably not a single disease, but rather a complex of multiple, separate syndromes that overlap. Most asthma-related deaths occur in low- and lower-middle income countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, there were 417,918 deaths due to asthma at the global level and 24.8 million DALYS attributable to Asthma in in 2016. The WHO has estimated that the economic costs associated with asthma have exceeded those of TB and HIV/AIDS combined, and the Global Initiative for Asthma Program forecasted the number of asthma patients to grow globally to greater than 400 million by the year 2025. Since its first description by Hippocrates, asthma remains a treatable yet incurable disease. It is now clear that asthma is a complex syndrome with variable severity, natural history and response to treatment In Namibia a prevalence of Asthma of 11.2 % has been reported in adult populations. The increase in asthmatic episodes, morbidity and mortality among populations in Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia is a rising public health concern. The development of novel asthma phenotyping & endo typing plus better classification of patients using machine learning and big data have markedly improved asthma treatment outcomes in both children and Adults. Several research groups have developed cluster analyses of phenotypes in severe asthma. These clusters support the importance of disease heterogeneity in asthma and suggest differences in pathophysiologic mechanisms that define these clusters. Precision medicine is "an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person.
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Dayie, Nicholas TKD, Michael Baffuor-Asare, Appiah-Korang Labi, Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Edeghonghon Olayemi, Margaret Lartey, Hans-Christian Slotved, and Eric S. Donkor. "Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Carriage among HIV-Infected Individuals in the Conjugate Vaccine Era: A Study in Southern Ghana." BioMed Research International 2019 (February 13, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3427174.
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Carriage of pneumococcus is considered as the precursor for development of pneumococcal disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, very little research has been done on the pneumococcus in relation to people with HIV infection in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. This study investigated pneumococcal carriage among HIV/AIDS patients in southern Ghana to determine the prevalence, risk factors, serotypes and antibiotic resistance of the organism. This was a cross sectional study involving 245 HIV/AIDS patients recruited from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and Princess Marie Louis Hospital in Accra from November 2016 to March 2017. Epidemiological data on demographic, household and clinical features of the study participants were collected. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were also collected from the study participants and cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae; the isolates were serotyped by latex agglutination and Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility was performed on the isolates, and antibiotics tested included tetracycline, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, oxacillin and ceftriaxone. Prevalence of pneumococcal carriage among the study participants was 11% (95% CI: 7.4 to 15.6); carriage among children and adults was 25% (95% CI: 14% to 38.9%) and 7.3% (95% CI: 4% to 11.9%) respectively. School attendance (p=0.001) and history of pneumococcal disease in the past year (p=0.001) were significantly associated with pneumococcal carriage. The most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes carried by the study participants were 19A (15.4%) and 23F (15.4%). Serotype coverage of the various pneumococcal vaccines were PCV10 (23.1%), PCV13 (42.3%) and PPV23 (50%). The prevalence of pneumococcal multidrug resistance was 18.5%. In conclusion, pneumococcal carriage among HIV-infected children was three-fold higher compared to carriage among HIV-infected adults. Pneumococcal carriage among both HIV-infected children and adults in the study area tends to be characterized by a predominance of non-vaccine serotypes and a considerable level of multidrug resistance.
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Zotor, F. B., and P. Amuna. "The food multimix concept: new innovative approach to meeting nutritional challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67, no. 1 (January 30, 2008): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108006071.
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Food insecurity, chronic hunger, starvation and malnutrition continue to affect millions of individuals throughout the developing world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Various initiatives by African governments and International Agencies such as the UN, the industrial nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organisation to boost economic development, have failed to provide the much-needed solution to these challenges. The impact of these economic shifts and the failures of structural adjustment programmes on the nutritional well-being and health of the most vulnerable members of poor communities cannot be over-emphasised. The use of ad hoc measures as an adjunct to community-based rural integrated projects have provided little success and will be unsustainable unless they are linked to harnessing available local resources. The present paper therefore focuses on exploring alternative ways of harnessing the scant agricultural resources by employing a scientific approach to food-related problem-solving. The food multimix (FMM) concept offers a scientific contribution alongside other attempts currently in use by the World Food Programme, WHO and FAO to meet the food insecurity challenges that confront most of the developing world in the twenty-first century. It is an innovative approach that makes better use of traditional food sources as a tool for meeting community nutritional needs. The FMM concept employs a food-based approach using traditional methods of food preparation and locally-available, cheap and affordable staples (fruits, pulses, vegetables and legumes) in the formulation of nutrient-enriched multimixes. Developed recipes can provide ≥40% of the daily nutritional requirements of vulnerable groups, including patients with HIV/AIDS and children undergoing nutrition rehabilitation. The FMM approach can also be used as a medium- to long-term adjunct to community-based rural integration projects aimed at health improvement and economic empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Focà, Emanuele, Silvia Odolini, Nigritella Brianese, and Gianpiero Carosi. "MALARIA AND HIV IN ADULTS: When The Parasite runs into The Virus." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2012): e2012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2012.032.
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Malaria and HIV/AIDS are among the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the international community’s efforts to reduce incidence and prevalence of these diseases, they remain a global public health problem. Clinical manifestations of malaria may be more severe in HIV infected patients, which have higher risks of severe malaria and malaria related death. Co-infected pregnant women, children and international travelers from non-malaria endemic countries are at higher risk of clinical complications. However, there is a paucity and conflicting data regarding malaria and HIV co-infection, particularly on how HIV infection can modify the response to antimalarial drugs and about drug-interactions between antiretroviral agents and artemisinin-based combined regimens. Moreover, consulting HIV-infected international travelers and physicians specialized in HIV care and travel medicine should prescribe an adequate chemoprophylaxis in patients travelling towards malaria endemic areas and pay attention on interactions between antiretrovirals and antimalarial prophylaxis drugs in order to prevent clinical complications of this co-infection. This review aims to evaluate the available international literature on malaria and HIV co-infection in adults providing a critical comprehensive review of nowadays knowledge.
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Phiri, Sam, Joe Gumulira, Hannock Tweya, Lameck Chinula, Agnes Moses, Bongani Kaimila, Christopher Stanley, et al. "The Malawi Cancer Consortium – Catalyzing Cancer Care and Research in Southern Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 3s—4s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003780.
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Abstract 68 Background: Cancer burden is increasing in Malawi, particularly for HIV-associated malignancies. Methods: With support from the National Cancer Institute, the Malawi Cancer Consortium (MCC) was initiated in September 2014. Partners include the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malawi Ministry of Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, and Lighthouse Trust. Spanning Malawi’s two major cities, Lilongwe and Blantyre, MCC includes three support cores (administration, analysis, mentoring) and three multi-institution research projects: (1) a national HIV-cancer match study to assess cancer incidence in the ART era; (2) a longitudinal cohort to identify clinical and molecular correlates of KS chemotherapy response; and (3) a longitudinal cohort to elucidate lymphoma biology and develop better treatments for HIV-associated lymphoma. Results: For project 1, 65,500 records from the Malawi National Cancer Registry and Malawi HIV cohorts have been abstracted, and initial data harmonization completed. Record linkage is planned for February 2016, will be updated at regular intervals, and will contribute to regional analyses through the IeDEA- Southern Africa network. For project 2, KS studies through MCC have led to descriptions of KS biologic subtypes defined by viral gene expression profiling, and detailed characterization of multicentric Castleman disease. Malawi has also led enrollment into multinational phase III KS clinical trials implemented by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and AIDS Malignancy Consortium. For project 3, more than 300 adults and children with lymphoma have been enrolled since June 2014, with approximately 2/3 of adults being HIV-infected. Patients receive standardized treatment and supportive care, and standardized clinical and laboratory evaluations. Specimen-based correlative studies (virologic, genomic, biomarker studies) are ongoing. Finally, the consortium provides a platform for pilot studies in breast and esophageal cancer, and facilitates career development for Malawian cancer investigators. Conclusions: MCC has initiated a national coalition to address cancer in Malawi, and continued progress is anticipated. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sam Phiri No relationship to disclose Joe Gumulira No relationship to disclose Hannock Tweya No relationship to disclose Lameck Chinula No relationship to disclose Agnes Moses No relationship to disclose Bongani Kaimila No relationship to disclose Christopher Stanley No relationship to disclose Edwards Kasonkanji No relationship to disclose Steady Chasimpha No relationship to disclose Richard Nyasosela No relationship to disclose Leo Masamba No relationship to disclose Tamiwe Tomoka No relationship to disclose Steve Kamiza No relationship to disclose Mina Hosseinipour No relationship to disclose Nora Rosenberg Research Funding: NIH/NCI Ron Mataya No relationship to disclose Charles Dzamalala No relationship to disclose George Liomba No relationship to disclose Irving Hoffman No relationship to disclose Dirk Dittmer No relationship to disclose Yuri Fedoriw Honoraria: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Blossom Damania No relationship to disclose Satish Gopal No relationship to disclose
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Children of AIDS patients – Africa"
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Frood, Sharron. "The experience of AIDS orphans living in a township." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/505.
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One of the challenges facing health care professionals today is the phenomenon of rendering care to children who have been orphaned in the AIDS pandemic. The number of AIDS orphans in South Africa has risen out of all proportion and is causing existing health and social structures to become stretched in providing care to this vulnerable population of children. The objectives of this study are to explore and to describe the lived experience of children living in a township who have become AIDS orphans and to develop broad guidelines for Primary Health Care Nurses (PHCN’s), related professionals and partners involved in the care of AIDS orphans living in a township. The theoretical grounding of this study is found in Kotze’s Theory on Nursing Accompaniment (Kotzé, 1998:3). The proposed research design was based upon a qualitative study using an explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological strategy of inquiry. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews from a purposively selected sample and then analysed using the steps of qualitative data analysis proposed by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994). Guba’s model was used to assess the trustworthiness of the qualitative data. Based upon the findings, guidelines were developed to assist PHCN’s related professionals and partners involved in the care of AIDS orphans living in a township. Through this study the goal of the researcher was to give a voice to AIDS orphans living in a township and to represent accurately their lived experience.
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Wilbon, Doris Cooper. "African American caregivers of children affected by HIV/AIDS." Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2007/doris_c_wilbon/wilbon_doris_c_200708_ma.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts." In Social Science, under the direction of Nancy Malcom. ETD. Electronic version approved: December 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66) and appendices.
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Goba, Linda. "Educators perceived challenges in dealing with HIV and AIDS orphans and vulnerable children." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/963.
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The HIV and AIDS pandemic in South Africa has increased the number of orphans and vulnerable children in the school system. Given the prominent role that teachers can play in ensuring that these children receive a quality education so as to maximise their life opportunities, it is important for teachers to be empowered and equipped to enable them to deal with issues surrounding orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) at schools. This study focuses on how teachers are experiencing the impact of HIV and AIDS in schools as a result of having OVC in their classes. The Department of Education has developed training courses to help teachers cope with the impact of HIV and AIDS, but the effectiveness of these programmes has not yet been evaluated. This study aims to establish how teachers who have attended these programmes feel about the assistance rendered to them to deal with OVC related issues. In order to meet this aim, a qualitative enquiry was conducted among a sample of selected teachers from the Eastern Cape. The findings suggest that, while the training has helped to improve the knowledge and attitudes of the teachers, it has not equipped them with the necessary skills to overcome barriers to implement the training programmes at school level. The findings also suggest that there is a need for ongoing support from the Department of Education and the trainers it contracts to ensure that learning from the training is implemented in the schools. Based on the research findings, the study concludes with recommendations that will help teachers to better cope with OVC related issues at school.
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Behardien, Nashreen. "Oral mucosal and facial manifestations of HIV/AIDS in children (Cape Peninsula, South Africa)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Currently, HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats to child survival in South Africa. It is estimated that approximately 6000 newborn babies become infected with the HIV virus monthly i.e. approximately 200 babies per day. During a 24 month period (October 1999 &ndashOctober 2001), a descriptive prevalence study of the oro-facial manifestations affecting HIV-positive children was conducted in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. The study population consisted of 268 vertically infected HIV-positive children. The study was motivated by the lack of data regarding oral mucosal lesions in children with vertically acquired HIV-infection.
The study design was descriptive, and the population included consecutive, vertically infected HIV-positive patients sourced from out-patient clinics, hospital wards and special child-care facilities. The children were examined once consent was obtained from caregivers. The findings were documented using data capturing sheets. The data was captured on the Microsoft Excel program and analysed using the Epi 2000 program. The results indicated that a large proportion of HIV-infected children presented with orofacial manifestations at some stage during the course of HIV-infection. Oro-facial manifestations were observed in 70.1% of the study population. The prevalence of the most commonly observed manifestations were: oral candidiasis, 38.8%
parotid gland enlargement, 10.8%
oral ulceration, 5.6%
molluscum contagiosum, 7.8%
periodontal conditions, 3.4%
and herpes simplex infection, 0.7%.It can be concluded that in this sample of HIV-infected children, the prevalence of orofacial manifestations is higher than, and comparable with the findings of similar studies conducted in other regions of the world.
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Frood, Sharron Louise. "Strategies to provide holistic care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in township communities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020655.
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The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome pandemic (HIV/AIDS) continues to increase in prevalence worldwide, particularly in South Africa. “AIDS, (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), has devastated the social and economic fabric of African societies, made orphans of a whole generation of children and become the epicentre of the HIV/AIDS pandemic” (Fassin, 2007: 76). Like the virus itself, the AIDS crisis mutates rapidly. Children who are AIDS orphans living in South Africa, as in other African countries, suffer from recurrent psychological trauma. It starts with the illness and death of their parents and is followed by cycles of poverty, malnutrition, stigma, exploitation, sickness and often sexual abuse. The figures concerning those affected, which are staggering, offer various predictions regarding the number of orphans left in the wake of the pandemic. Between 1990 and 2003, the number of orphaned children rose from fewer than 1 million to more than 12 million in sub-Saharan Africa (UNICEF, 2005: 68). South Africa is severely affected by the AIDS pandemic, with the largest number of HIV infections in the world, a total of 5.7 million (RSA, 2010: 10), affecting approximately 3.2 million women and 280 000 children aged from 0 to14 years. There is a significant variation in HIV prevalence per province, with the Eastern Cape (EC) reportedly having an average prevalence rate of 28 percent. Hence South Africa is likely to be the country with highest percentage of children orphaned by AIDS within its population. Orphanhood is a major consequence of the AIDS pandemic in South Africa with an estimated 2.2 million AIDS-orphaned children, 11,188 per 100,000 by 2015. Most children who are AIDS orphans living in township communities live predominantly uncared for and unsupported. Therefore the purpose of this research study was to develop strategies to provide care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in township communities. To achieve the purpose of this research study, a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used by the researcher to gain insight from health and social care practitioners who render care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in these communities. The data from in-depth interviews with the health and social care practitoners was used by the researcher to develop strategies to provide care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in township communities. The study comprised the following four phases: Phase One: During this phase, the researcher will present an overview of the current legislative framework policies at an international, national and provincial level, regarding the the rights of children living in South Africa. Phase Two: During this phase data from two research populations were collected and analysed. As the research process of this study dealt with two groups of participants, namely in group one health care practitioners and group two comprised social workers and psychologists, who work in the township communities to provide care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in these communities. The researcher discussed each group separately in the discussion of phase two of the study. Phase Three: Comprised the themes identified in the data gathered from the transcribed in-depth interviews, the field notes as well as the reflective journals were cross-validated to ensure trustworthiness of the data which was then organised into a conceptual framework. The conceptual framework was used to clarify the relationships of the concepts and the themes identified during the research process and also used to link the gathered data to previously established models and theories (Schneider, 2004: 133). Phase Four: The last phase of the research design, focused on the development of the “Steps of progression strategies” to provide holistic care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in township communities. This was done making use of the themes identified during data analysis and the literature sources used throughout this research process. The evaluation criteria of Chinn and Kramer (2008: 237-248) were used to evaluate the strategies. It is therefore concluded that the researcher succeeded in achieving the purpose of this study because strategies which were understandable, clear, simple, applicable and significant to nursing practice have been developed for use by the Department of Health and Department of Social Development as well as primary health and social care practitioners to provide holistic care and support to children who are AIDS orphans living in township communities in South Africa.
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Maama, Lineo Bernadette. "Factors affecting AIDS orphans' from accessing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1046.
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The study seeks to explore and identify factors that prevent AIDS orphans in presenting themselves for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). Socio-cultural factors, notably, stigma and the resultant discrimination by community members, have been presented by many researchers as the main aetiological factors that hinder the use of VCT by AIDS orphans. It is on the basis of this that this study was conducted to identify factors that hinder AIDS orphans from accessing VCT. The study used a qualitative approach following an explorative and descriptive, contextual research design and was conducted at Ubuntu Education Fund, Port Elizabeth. Purposive sampling was used to determine a sample of AIDS orphans. Participants of the study had to be orphaned as a result of AIDS, isiXhosa-speaking, between 12-17 years, living in the care of a primary care-giver and had not presented themselves for VCT. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews are suitable in cases where the researcher is interested in an issue that is complex or personal (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Deloport, 2005). Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (1990) as described in Creswell (2003). The major findings of this study were that people are locked in a ‘poverty-of-the mind cycle’, in respect of HIV and AIDS, and this is exacerbated by educational impoverishment and general poverty. The recommendations that emanated from this study are made from policy and service delivery perspectives. It is recommended that in order for AIDS orphans to access VCT they should be developed and empowered through sustainable programmes that enhance their capacities to the outmost realization of their potential. It is also recommended that health and other professionals should encourage AIDS orphans and community members to present themselves for VCT and thus curb the spread of HIV and AIDS.
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Beeka, Hershilla A. "Resilience in HIV/AIDS' adolescent headed families." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/922.
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HIV/AIDS has presented humanity with various challenges, one of which is the manner in which it has affected family structure and patterns. Parental illness and eventual death due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic is escalating. One of the major challenges of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa is the increase in the number of orphaned and vulnerable children. As a result new family forms are emerging such as the "skip-generation" family in which children or adolescent siblings head the family. It is anticipated that HIV/AIDS in South Africa will progressively increase the number of such families. During this time of profound family change, the family as an institution has remained remarkably resilient. The present study utilised the Family Resilience Framework and the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation to explore and describe the resilience of HIV/AIDS’ adolescent headed families. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research design, which was assessed against Guba’s (1985) model of trustworthiness, was employed and the participants were sampled using non-probability purposive sampling. The Masizakhe Community Project volunteers (an AIDS Community Project in Kwazakhele, Port Elizabeth receiving support from the iThemba AIDS Foundation) assisted in identifying participants according to the predetermined inclusion criteria. The sample consisted of four female, adolescent heads of HIV/AIDS’ affected households, who volunteered at the Masizakhe Community Project and resided in Kwazakhele. The data that was collected via audio-recorded semi structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Family resilience factors that emerged included intrafamilial strengths (family cohesion, organisation, hardiness, and adaptability); social support resources (especially from the community project, friends, and community members); family appraisal processes; and problem solving and coping strategies. Extended family support was partial and largely financial. The findings from this study provided insights into the resilience of adolescent-headed families; provided guidance for the development of intervention programmes to assist these families; and affirmed the existing strengths of the families. Furthermore, it has contributed to the research and literature on family resilience and formed the foundation for future research projects.
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Maqoko, Zamani. "HIV/AIDS orphans as heads of households : a challenge to pastoral care." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23570.
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HIV/AIDS has done a great damage to families and their children. Due to HIV/AIDS, grandmothers find themselves caring for their sick children, grandchildren and orphaned grandchildren. Because of the large number of AIDS orphans, the existing pool of community-based support has become saturated. Therefore these children now have to fend for themselves. They are forced to become heads of the households and breadwinners. In this situation the older children have to assume the role of looking after their siblings. Death caused by HIV/AIDS leaves children vulnerable, in great distress and poverty. The stigma and discrimination related to the HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in the isolation of infected persons and their family members. Sometimes the isolation continues until and even after the children become orphans. It is a fact that HIV/AIDS orphans as heads of households are undergoing traumatic experiences. On the psychological level children are traumatized by the illness of their parent(s). Because of the high rate of unemployed and pervasive poverty in this country many families are reluctant to take in orphans. Other problems are: the cost of treating illnesses caused by HIV/AIDS places a huge economic burden on families. After death, funeral expenses contribute to the toll exacted by HIV/AIDS. It becomes increasingly impossible for families and communities to absorb the cost and support the large numbers of children alone. Some women hesitate to take in the orphaned children of their relatives because they fear that their husbands will abuse the children Investigation into the existing literature reveals that previous studies concentrated mostly on the educational, psychosocial and emotional needs of people with HIV/AIDS. Studies on child headed households’ deals primarily with children’s rights and the accessibility of social grants for children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Although not much was available statistically, for the purpose of this study I have identified several households headed by children, whether the cause of this was HIV/AIDS or misfortunes such as parental suicide or accidents. This study has focused on the experiences of HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed households. This study has also investigated whether HIV/AIDS orphans suffer more deeply psychologically and emotionally than children who have been orphaned by other circumstances other than AIDS. This study highlights the many difficulties and setbacks experienced by HIV/AIDS orphans who become heads of households after the death of their parents. An exploratory research design was utilised and qualitative approach was followed. Five households were chosen as samples that complied with requirements of this study. Participants in these households were between ages 13 and 18 years old. The information gathered by means of literature and empirical research reveals that the children affected by HIV/AIDS are not only physically impoverished, but also psychologically, socially and spiritually. They suffer from fear, depression, stress, anxiety, stigmatisation and discrimination, isolation, and are often scorned by peers. HIV/AIDS orphans experience psychological trauma on account of witnessing their parent’s illness and death (or departure), carrying the responsibility of caring for sick parents, and after their death, for siblings. The socio-economic circumstances of HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed household often force them to drop out of school, in order to find ways of providing for the family. The traumatic experience of HIV/AIDS orphans and children who have been orphaned to other circumstances, are similar. The following themes can be considered for future research:- Stress experienced by HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed households due to HIV/AIDS .
- The role of churches in identifying and supporting orphans in child headed households .
Dissertation (MTheol(Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Practical Theology
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McGarry, Dylan. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on rural children's reliance on natural resources within the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1166/.
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Joseph, Vanessa Belinda. "Care, caring and coping: attitudes of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS and their caregivers towards schooling in a South African Township." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2383_1256282262.
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In many countries, the scale of poverty, and the alarming number of children now being orphaned by HIV and AIDS, has increased the roles and responsibilities of grandparents as caregivers in their grandchildren's lives. Not only do grandparents have to care for their grandchildren on a daily basis but they also carry the burden of seeing them through school, possibly with the fear that they might not be able to see them achieve all their dreams. This study examined the complex issues surrounding school attendance for orphaned children in Mbekweni, a township in the Western Province, in South Africa. The study explored the relationship between the attitudes of orphaned learners and their caregivers towards education and schooling itself, uncovering the struggles and the strengths of caregivers and orphaned children that directly relate to success or faiolure in school.
Books on the topic "Children of AIDS patients – Africa"
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Mishra, Vinod K. Orphans and vulnerable children in high HIV-prevalence countries in Sub-Sahara Africa. Calverton, Md: Marco International, 2008.
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Sharmla, Rama, ed. Building resilience: A rights-based approach to children and HIV/AIDS in Africa. Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden, 2006.
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Richter, Linda M. Building resilience: A rights-based approach to children and HIV/AIDS in Africa. Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden, 2006.
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Richter, Linda M. Building resilience: A rights-based approach to children and HIV/AIDS in Africa. Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden, 2006.
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1952-, Richter Ruthann, ed. Face to face: Children of the AIDS crisis in Africa. Pasadena, Calif: Hope Pub. House, 2010.
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Wilson, Theresa. HIV/Aids induced child labour in South Africa: A policy review. Kampala, Uganda: International Labour Organisation /IPEC programme: Combating and preventing HIV/Aids induced child labour in Sub-Saharan Africa: pilot action in Uganda and Zambia, and International Labour Organisation/IPEC progamme Towards the Elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour (TECL), 2008.
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(Organization), SWAA. A proposal on advoca[c]y for orphans and vu[l]nerable children (OVC) in Africa. Dakar, Senegal: SWAA International, 2003.
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), Presidential Mission on Children Orphaned by AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa (U S. Report on the presidential mission on children orphaned by AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings and plan of action. Washington, D.C. (736 Jackson Place, Washington 20503): Office of National AIDS Policy, 1999.
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Roston, Miles. Taking away the distance: A young orphan's journey and the AIDS epidemic in Africa. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Children of AIDS patients – Africa"
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Ferguson, Kim T., and Melody J. Lee. "Cognitive, Motor, and Behavioral Development of Orphans of HIV/AIDS in Institutional Contexts." In Neuropsychology of Children in Africa, 69–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6834-9_4.
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Busman, Rachelle A., Connie Page, Evelyn Oka, Bruno Giordani, and Michael J. Boivin. "Factors Contributing to the Psychosocial Adjustment of Ugandan Preschool Children with HIV/AIDS." In Neuropsychology of Children in Africa, 95–115. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6834-9_5.
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Busman, Rachelle A., Evelyn Oka, Bruno Giordani, and Michael J. Boivin. "Examining the Psychosocial Adjustment and School Performance of Ugandan Children with HIV/AIDS." In Neuropsychology of Children in Africa, 117–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6834-9_6.
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Richter, Linda, Alan Stein, Lucie Cluver, and Julia de Kadt. "Infants and Young Children Affected by HIV/AIDS." In HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On, 69–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0306-8_6.
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Niele, Sylvia, and Pranee Liamputtong. "HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Risk of HIV/AIDS Among Youth in South Africa." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 169–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_9.
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MacPhail, Catherine, and Audrey Pettifor. "HIV Prevention for Adolescent Women in Africa: Structural Driver Interventions." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 289–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_15.
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Chitiyo, George, and Morgan Chitiyo. "HIV/AIDS and the Socio-emotional Development of Children in Southern Africa." In Assisting Young Children Caught in Disasters, 81–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62887-5_8.
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Woollett, Nataly. "Adolescents Living with HIV: Emerging Issues in Public Health in South Africa." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 65–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_4.
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Allison, Susannah. "The Role of Families Among Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Confronting HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Family and HIV/AIDS, 173–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0439-2_8.
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Byanyima, Rosemary Kusaba. "CT Findings in the Brain of Adult Patients with HIV/AIDS." In Brain Degeneration and Dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa, 221–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2456-1_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Children of AIDS patients – Africa"
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Mburu, C., A. Mbogho, and H. Lee. "Ehealth advisory expert system for HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa." In 7th International Conference on Appropriate Healthcare Technologies for Developing Countries. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.1467.
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Desmyter, J. "AIDS 1987." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644751.
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AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.
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Pratami, Yustika Rahmawati, and Nurul Kurniati. "Sex Education Strategy for Adolescents: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27.
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Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing safe and productive lives of adolescents through understanding about HIV/ AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, and gender disparity. This scoping review aimed to investigate the appropriate method of sex education and information for adolescents. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 460 articles was obtained from the searched database. After the review process, twenty articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Thailand, Iran, California, Vietnam, Spain, South Africa, Indonesia) and nine articles from developed countries (USA, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with quantitative (cross-sectional, quasi-experiments, cohort, RCT) and qualitative design studies. The findings discussed available sources of sex education for adolescents including peers, school, media, and other adults. Digital media (internet and TV) contributed as preferable sources for adolescents. The parents and teacher’s involvement in providing sex education remained inadequate. Inappropriate sources of sex education like invalid information from the internet and other adults caused negative consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents. Conclusion: Parents-school partnership strategies play an important role in delivering appropriate information about sex education for children and adolescents. Keywords: digital media, sex education, parents, schools, adolescents Correspondence: Yustika Rahmawati Pratami. Jl. Siliwangi No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: yustikarahmawati068@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282198915596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27
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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.
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Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.
Reports on the topic "Children of AIDS patients – Africa"
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Pridmore, Pat. Access to conventional schooling for children and young people affected by HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-national review of recent research evidence. SOFIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii218.
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Clarke, Alison, Sherry Hutchinson, and Ellen Weiss. Psychosocial support for children. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1003.
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Masiye Camp in Matopos National Park, and Kids’ Clubs in downtown Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, are examples of a growing number of programs in Africa and elsewhere that focus on the psychological and social needs of AIDS-affected children. Given the traumatic effects of grief, loss, and other hardships faced by these children, there is increasing recognition of the importance of programs to help them strengthen their social and emotional support systems. This Horizons Report describes findings from operations research in Zimbabwe and Rwanda that examines the psychosocial well-being of orphans and vulnerable children and ways to increase their ability to adapt and cope in the face of adversity. In these studies, a person’s psychosocial well-being refers to his/her emotional and mental state and his/her network of human relationships and connections. A total of 1,258 youth were interviewed. All were deemed vulnerable by their communities because they had been affected by HIV/AIDS and/or other factors such as severe poverty.
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Vulnerability and intervention opportunities: Research findings on youth and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1006.
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The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund (NMCF) seeks comprehensive local solutions to address the negative effects of HIV/AIDS on children, adolescents, households, and communities. To this end, NMCF initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). This brief highlights key findings from an assessment of reproductive and sexual health knowledge and behaviors among nearly 5,000 youth from eight districts in three provinces in South Africa where the Goelama Project is active: Mpumalanga, Limpopo, and KwaZulu Natal. This research is part of a larger study of 29,000 members of nearly 5,000 households that seeks to identify ways that government and communities can strengthen the socioeconomic capacity of households to care for and support OVC. The youth component focuses on the sexual and reproductive behaviors of young people in the Goelama intervention areas and factors that may influence these behaviors, such as schooling, orphanhood, knowledge, and involvement in community activities.
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Challenges faced by households in caring for orphans and vulnerable children. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1005.
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South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past ten years, from less than 1 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2001. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Because of the average 10-year period between infection and death, even if HIV prevalence declined rapidly, South Africa would still experience an increasing orphan burden for many years to come. By 2010, 16 percent of all children in South Africa will be orphans with more than 70 percent due to AIDS. The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect OVC. This brief highlights key findings from a study of 29,000 members of nearly 5,000 households in eight study sites to identify ways that government and communities can strengthen the socioeconomic capacity of households to care for and support OVC.
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Reproductive intentions and choices among HIV-infected individuals in Cape Town, South Africa: Lessons for reproductive policy and service provision from a qualitative study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1002.
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While many HIV-infected individuals do not wish to have children, others want children despite their infected status. The desire and intent to have children among HIV-infected individuals may increase because of improved quality of life and survival following commencement of antiretroviral treatment. In developing countries such as South Africa, where the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide reside, specific government reproductive health policy and service provision for HIV-infected individuals is underdeveloped. This policy brief presents findings from a qualitative study that explored HIV-infected individuals’ reproductive intentions, decision-making, and need for reproductive health services. The study also assessed the opinions of health-service providers, policymakers, and influential figures within nongovernmental organizations who are likely to play important roles in the shaping and delivery of reproductive health services. Conducted at two health centers in the Cape Town metropolitan area in South Africa from May 2004 to January 2005, the study focused on issues that impact reproductive choice and decision-making and identified critical policy, health service, and research-related matters to be addressed.
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Child marriage briefing: Mozambique. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1003.
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This brief provides an overview of child marriage as well as the particulars of child marriage in Mozambique. Mozambique, in southeastern Africa, is home to 17.5 million people, with 45 percent of its population under age 15. More than three-quarters of Mozambicans live on less than US$2 a day. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a devastating effect on the country; approximately 1.3 million adults and children are living with HIV, and 470,000 children have been orphaned because of AIDS. Life expectancy has fallen to 34 years, among the lowest levels in the world. Mozambique has one of the most severe crises of child marriage in the world today. Several local women’s rights groups have begun speaking out about this issue and were instrumental in ensuring the passage of the recent Family Law, which raises the minimum age of marriage for girls from 14 to 18, allows women to inherit property in the case of divorce, and legally recognizes traditional marriages. However, little capacity exists to implement the law. Included in this brief are recommendations to promote later, chosen, and legal marriage.