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Journal articles on the topic 'Children of heads of state'
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1
Tung, Tiffiny A., and Kelly J. Knudson. "Childhood Lost: Abductions, Sacrifice, and Trophy Heads of Children in the Wari Empire of the Ancient Andes." Latin American Antiquity 21, no. 1 (March 2010): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.21.1.44.
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AbstractThis study examines isolated child skeletal remains from ritual structures at the Wari site of Conchopata (A.D. 600–1000) to evaluate how they were modified into trophy heads and whether the children were sacrificed. The skeletal remains represent at least seven children. Strontium isotope ratios are examined to determine whether children were taken from foreign locales. Results show that the children’s skulls exhibit a hole on the apex of the cranium and on the ascending ramus of the mandible, identical to the adult Wari trophy heads. At least one child may have been sacrificed.87Sr/86Sr demonstrate that two of the four sampled child trophy heads were nonlocal, suggesting that children were occasionally abducted from distant communities, perhaps for sacrifice and certainly to transform some into trophy heads. The similar child and adult trophy heads suggest that the ritual treatment of children was not uniquely designed, at least as it related to their processing, display, and destruction. Furthermore, it is suggested that the child trophy heads were not simply passive symbols of pre-existing authority by the head-takers and trophy head-makers. The trophy heads simultaneously imbued those agents with authority—they did not merely reflect it—demonstrating the “effective agency” of the trophy head objects themselves. Finally, we suggest that prisoner-taking and trophy head-making by military and ritual elites served to legitimate the authority of those individuals while simultaneously serving larger state goals that enhanced Wari state authority and legitimated its policies and practices.
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Babatunde, R. O., A. E. Omoniwa, and M. N. Ukemenam. "Gender analysis of educational inequality among rural children of school-age in Kwara State, Nigeria." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.03.046.
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Abstract. Educational inequality has been accepted widely as an indicator of wellbeing. However, in most developing countries, very little attention has been paid to it. This article examined the gender differences in educational inequality among rural children of school-age in Kwara state, Nigeria. Using a three-stage random sampling technique, 200 rural households were sampled for data collection. Analytical tools used are descriptive statistics, the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. The result of the analysis showed educational inequality for boys and girls was 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. Educational inequality among children of school-age was significantly determined by the age of household heads, education status of the household heads, marital status, main occupation of the household head, household size, dependency ratio, farm size, cost of schooling, average time spent by children in farm work and asset-base of the households. It was therefore recommended that strategies that will promote mothers’ education be put in place as well as the provision of accessible credit schemes. This can help in the hiring of labour for farm and non-farm businesses thereby increasing production, while providing the household with more funds to enroll their children in schools.
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McLellan, Faith. "Heads of state meet to plan “a world fit for children”." Lancet 358, no. 9285 (September 2001): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06091-3.
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Coxhead, Ian, and Diep Phan. "Princelings and Paupers? State Employment and the Distribution of Human Capital Investments Among Households in Viet Nam." Asian Development Review 30, no. 2 (September 2013): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00014.
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Inequality in access to education is known to be a key driver of income inequality in developing countries. Viet Nam, a transitional economy, exhibits significant segmentation in the market for skilled labor based on more remunerative employment in government and state firms. We ask whether this segmentation is also reflected in human capital investments at the household level. We find that households whose heads hold state jobs keep their children in school longer, spend more on education, and are more likely to enroll their children in tertiary institutions relative to households whose heads hold nonstate jobs. The estimates are robust to a wide range of household and individual controls. Over time, disparities in educational investments based on differential access to jobs that reward skills and/or credentials help widen existing income and earnings gaps between well-connected “princelings” and the rest of the labor market. Capital market policies that create segmentation in the market for skills also crowd out investment in private sector firms, further reducing incentives for human capital deepening.
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Obayelu, AE. "Comparative analysis of households' socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and food security status in urban and rural areas of Kwara and Kogi States of north-central Nigeria." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 51 (May 28, 2012): 6027–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.51.9290.
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Food security is a critical issue in Nigeria today as the country struggles with high rates of food prices and poverty. This study analysed the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of Household Heads (HHH) and classified them according to food security status. Household level data from the cross-sectional survey was employed in November 2006 to February 2007through a well-structured questionnaire to 396 HHH with a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analysed through a descriptive statistics and Rasch model. Average age of the HHH was 42.45years with Standard Deviation (SD) of 9.57 years in Rural Areas (RA) against 43.29 years and SD of 9.83 years in Urban Areas (UA). The HHH level of education was much higher in UA compared to RA. The Household Size (HSZ) was 5.88 with SD of 2.29 in RA against 5.91 and SD of 2.17 in UA, and monthly income of N9, 244.86 with SD of N11, 071.77 in RA against N10, 194.15 and SD of N14, 936.30 in UA. The results from Rasch Model for classifying households according to food security status show that differences exist between households’ food security status in rural and urban areas of Kwara and Kogi States. While 15.6% HHH were food secure (FS) in RA of Kogi State, only 11.1% were FS in the RA of Kwara State. On the other hand, 20.7% HHH were FS in UA of Kogi State compared to 17.1% in UA of Kwara State. Disaggregating food security status of adults and children in households separately revealed that, 25.8% adults in RA of Kogi State were FS compared to 19.2% in Kwara, while 24.4% urban adults were FS in Kogi against 23.2% in Kwara. In addition, 40.6% children in RA of Kogi State were FS against 32.3% in Kwara, while only 29.9% Kogi urban children were FS against 46.3% in Kwara. In general, households were more FS in Kogi State compared to Kwara and more FS in UA compared to RA. The rural children in Kogi State were also more FS compared to the urban, while urban children in Kwara were more FS when compared to rural children. In order to improve households’ food security status in both rural and urban areas, there is the need to take into account some significant variables such as reduction in household size through birth control, and increase in household heads’ participation in agricultural activities especially those residing in urban areas through urban agriculture.
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Admakina, Т. A. "Projective Indicators of Emotional Destabilization in Children in the Practice of Psychological and Pedagogical Expertise." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-105-112.
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Psychological and pedagogical expertise is part of divorce proceedings. It is intended to resolve custody disputes and diagnose the emotional status of the child by various projective methods. The research objective was to identify effective projective referents of emotional instability and conflict in 63 children going through a custody trial. The control group included 56 children. The subjects were asked to draw a non-existent animal with crayons. The parameters evaluated on a dichotomous scale included: crosshatching, sketching, erasing and correcting, strong pressure, wounds or scars on the animal's body, weak legs, two or more heads, brightness and polychromy. The φ*-Fischer angular transformation criterion was used to compare the frequency in two independent samples and to assess the reliability of the differences. If the imaginary creature had two heads, it was a sign with a high differentiating power, which indicated an internal conflict and emotional contradiction in the child and, as a result, psychological instability. The polychromic pattern also proved different: the children in the experimental group appeared less likely to use color, which may indicate their low energy tone and depressed emotional state. Imaginary creatures on weak legs also proved more common in the experimental group, suggesting the children were going through an unbalanced state. Other parameters were quite rare in both groups.
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Tume, Apityan, and Nasiru Kura. "Impact of Homelessness on Almajiri Children in Zamfara State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 18, no. 6 (April 27, 2024): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i6657.
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This paper contributes to the burgeoning debate on the impact of homelessness on children particularly on almajiri children in Zamfara State. The almajiri system in Nigeria which was meant to train children in Qur’anic education has turned into a practice where parents/guardians now abdicate their primary duties of providing the basic needs of life such as food, shelter, medical attention, education to the children. These children do not have where to lay down their heads in the day time or at night. Some sleep on the streets, uncompleted buildings or motor parks. It is based on the foregoing that this paper examines the impact of homelessness on almajiri children in Zamfara state. The sample size of study consisted of 318 almajiri children. Questionnaire was used as the primary instrument of data collection. Data collected was analyzed quantitively using tables and percentages. The findings of the study show that there is high prevalence of homelessness among almajiri children. Poverty, social-cultural practices, parental neglect were the major causes of homelessness among almajiri children. The nature of homelessness showed that almajiri children sleep on the streets, uncompleted buildings and motor parks. Data collected also indicated that majority of the homeless Almajiri children suffer from victimization, had no access to medical services, lack of sleep, isolation from their peers and loss personal belongings. The study recommends that government should ensure that parents who send their children to Almajiri must cater for their welfare and, government and Non-governmental Organizations should persuade parents, religious/traditional rulers and other major stake holders to return to Almajiri model schools built by Federal government during the Goodluck Jonathan’s administration that had all the facilities for a boarding school with the aim of combining Qur’anic education with vocational education for the good of the almajiri children.
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Saeed, I. E., and E. S. Ahmed. "Determinants of malaria mortality among displaced people in Khartoum state, Sudan." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 4 (September 21, 2003): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.4.593.
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To find the determinants of malaria mortality among displaced people, across-sectional descriptive study using verbal autopsy was carried out in 2 camps in Khartoum state, Sudan. The heads of 856 households were interviewed about household characteristics, and malaria knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. They reported 81 malaria deaths during the previous year, 3.5% of all household members; 70 [86.4%] were children. Fever, diarrhoea, vomiting and headache were the most prevalent symptoms before death. Having a malaria death in the household was significantly associated with poor knowledge about malaria and, surprisingly, with better education. Poor treatment-seeking behaviour and poor attitudes towards malaria were not associated with higher mortality. However, mortality was significantly higher among households obtaining water by cart than from a well
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Ali, Mahfudz. "UPAYA MENUTUP PELUANG KEPALA DAERAH KORUPSI KEMBALI DALAM MASA JABATAN YANG BERBEDA." Hukum Dan Dinamika Masyarakat 20, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/hdm.v20i1.3260.
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Corruption is a crime against humanity. The impact is not only in the economic sector, but also destroys the entire structure of state life, even more devastatingly destroying the mentality of the nation's children. No state institution is immune from the virus of corruption. Regional heads who should be role models, according to the data from the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2019, 300 regional heads were involved in corruption. Among them, some had been imprisoned, then participated in the Regional Head General Election, and were elected, repeating corruption. This study answers the driving factors for why regional heads are corrupt again and finds efforts to minimize the recurrence of corruption by regional heads. With a case study of the facts of the trial in the court of a regional head who had been in prison. The result is large political financing with limited capital based on misguided intentions, the regional head even though he has been in prison will certainly repeat corruption. Opportunities that are used are buying and selling promotions for state civil servants, as well as commercializing projects by determining the winner who has deposited funds to the regional head. The effort to close this opportunity is to make a rule to include the Provincial Inspectorate in the promotion of echelon II and III positions. Meanwhile, to determine the winner of the project auction, namely to make regulations that require the local government to form an independent team financed by the regional government to oversee the auction and determine the winner of the auction. Maximizing the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission to tap the trusted people of the regional head who commercialize the authority of the regional head. Therefore, it is very urgent to establish a KPK in the Province
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Klokar, N., I. Perevozova, O. Dzoba, and M. Kulik. "DEVELOPMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONS MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT AMONG HEADS OF NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.228079.
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Ukraine’s integration into global and European educational space, efficient implementation of educational reforms in this direction, the improvement of the quality of children and young people education is impossible without proper development of fundamental principles of marketing and management of educational innovations, first of all, among the Heads of New Ukrainian School. However, the absence of efficient mechanisms in Ukraine for training the above-mentioned Heads on marketing and management of educational innovations in New Ukrainian School negatively affects the quality of education therein and undermines the State education system in general. Therefore, the pressing issue at the current stage of education development in Ukraine is to determine the modalities and resources for the development of entrepreneurial and managerial competencies among the Heads of general secondary education institutions in the context of the power decentralization and establishment of consolidated territorial communities.
With due regard for priority and pendency of the above-mentioned issue, its incomplete study, the principal objective of this study is to determine the key stages and describe the process of developing fundamental principles of marketing and management of educational innovations among the Heads of New Ukrainian School and measures for their efficient implementation.
After performing analysis we have found that marketing and management of educational innovations of the Head of New Ukrainian School is his/her integrated, consistent and purposeful activity along with analysis and satisfaction of fundamentally new types of demand for educational services in the context of taking unconventional managerial decisions at his/her institution during such process.
Moreover, with due regard to the aforementioned approach, we outlined the key stages of the fundamental principles development of marketing and management of educational innovations among the Heads of New Ukrainian School. So they include: the formation and control of specialists team towards development and implementation of educational innovations; determination of educational services market segment, demand for which needs to be satisfied; definition of criteria and conditions towards formation and satisfaction of demand for providing certain types of educational services etc. It is established that there are problems in the process of implementation of all above-mentioned stages, namely: absence of financial independence of educational institutions; the desire of the Heads of educational institutions to have legal and financial independence; positive managerial experience of the Heads of educational institutions regarding development and implementation of educational innovations etc.
In order to avoid all above-mentioned problems, we have determined measures for the efficient implementation of marketing and management of educational innovations by the Heads of New Ukrainian School. They include: providing financial autonomy to educational institutions; performing professional training of the Heads of educational institutions, their deputies and teaching staff in general; forming new and improving the existing material and technical resources of educational institutions; implementing professionally oriented staff policy by the Heads of educational institutions in order to attract the most promising and young professionals to work as teachers etc.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to determine, substantiate and analyze the key stages of fundamental principles development of marketing and management of educational innovations by the Heads of New Ukrainian School in the context of transformation of regulatory system and scientific and pedagogical approaches to children and young people education (shift in priorities and components of the development in this area of social activity).
The obtained results of the research is the ground for studying and providing a practical solution of the problem regarding the formation of high-quality staffing and provision of fundamentally new educational services at educational institutions.
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Waltzman, Dana, Rosanne Hoffman, Zoe Donnell, Elizabeth Bell, and Kelly Sarmiento. "US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HEADS UP branding and evaluation process." Health Education Journal 79, no. 2 (September 5, 2019): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919873931.
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Background: For 15 years, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) HEADS UP education campaign has focused on increasing awareness of concussion among children to reduce adverse outcomes from this injury. Objective: To keep pace with the rapid expansion in media coverage, research, state laws and education efforts on concussion, the CDC embarked on a comprehensive evaluation effort to assess the campaign’s brand. Method: The CDC conducted a multi-step process to evaluate HEADS UP. This included surveying partner organisations and focus groups targeting key audiences. Results: The analysis demonstrated that most (70%) partner organisations have used the materials for 4 years or longer, and more than half (51%) found the materials very useful or extremely useful. Focus groups with the campaign’s target audiences yielded insights and opportunities to refresh the CDC HEADS UP brand. The need for more compelling images, prevention facts and use of eye-catching colours was signalled by all the campaign’s target audiences. Updates focused on the use of data visualisation, more emotionally compelling images and more engaging colours. The CDC also created a new tagline to focus on concussion prevention that encourages children and young people to think about protecting their brains from concussion so that they can have a safer future. Conclusion: This paper describes the process used to update the branding of an educational health promotion campaign in order to meet the needs of key audiences. Findings can help others working to keep their educational campaigns relevant and aligned with expanding and changing public health problems.
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Cressent, M., and C. Jez. "The French horse industry at present." Advances in Animal Biosciences 4, s2 (October 2013): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470013000356.
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In France, the horse population has been expanding since 1995 to reach 950 000 heads in 2010, representing about 15% of the total European horse population today. This growth is the result of the development of pony-riding for children and the increasing interest of French people in recreational riding and horse-betting. These changes offer major advantages to the different horse sectors, especially in the context of declining State support, increasing international competition on the horse market, societal changes regarding animal welfare, decreasing horse-meat consumption and harmonization of regulations at European level.
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Shaidenko, Nadezhda Anatolievna, Elena Yakovlevna Orekhova, Alexander Nikolaevich Sergeev, and Svetlana Nikolaevna Kipurova. "State family policy in France and Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103013.
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State family policy and its important direction, which is the improvement of the living conditions of orphans and children left without parental care, require constant updating due to socio-economic and political circumstances. Changes should concern both the state level and the level of specific regions. The improvement of the forms and methods of relations between the state, family and children in a particular country is possible with the consideration of the advanced achievements and miscalculations of other states in this policy. Therefore, it is highly important for the theory and practice of the development of Russian family state and regional policy to study the experience of France. The study made it possible to draw conclusions about the specifics of state policy in the formation of family and childhood in France. In this period, family policy in France has gone from exclusion from the family by the school to a discourse of cooperation. Particular attention is paid to the French School Orientation and Reform Act of June 8, 2013, of particular interest. It recognizes the importance of establishing partnerships between the school and the family and proposes measures of cooperation between school and family, some of which are interesting for contemporary Russian reality. The article shows the advantage of modern Russian family state policy by characterizing its goals, principles and objectives defined in the main regulatory documents of the last decade. The materials of the article are of practical value for legislators and heads of social services of different levels, specialists of educational authorities, social protection, guardianship and trusteeship. The article is of interest to teachers and students of pedagogical universities.
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Bamgboye, Elijah, Tayo Odusote, Iyabode Olusanmi, Joshua Akinyemi, Yussuf Bidemi, Ayo Adebowale, Ashaolu Gbenga, and Oladapo Ladipo. "Socio-economic status and hunger among orphans and vulnerable children households in Lagos State, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.47.
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Background: HIV/AIDS has contributed to increasing orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria. A measure of vulner- ability is household hunger.
Objective: To assess level of household hunger and associated factors among OVC households in Lagos State.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1300 OVC households in 5 selected Local Government Areas. The LGAs were select- ed using the Household Vulnerability Assessment index. Data collection was by personal interview of households’ heads/ caregivers using a structured questionnaire capturing socio-demographic, household economic profile and food-related variables. A multivariate logit model was fitted to identify independent predictors of household hunger after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results: The population density was 5.1 and 52.8% were females. A larger proportion of females (84.6%) than males (78.3%) reported that they had no food to eat in the last four weeks prior the survey. Poor household economic status (OR=1.41, CI: 1.03-1.92), age and marital status of caregiver were independent predictors of household hunger. The odds of hunger increased with caregiver’s age; higher in households headed by never married (OR=3.99, CI: 1.15-13.89) and di- vorced/separated caregivers (OR=2.39, CI: 1.11-5.12).
Conclusion: OVC households experienced severe hunger. Household economic strengthening would be useful strategy to mitigate the nutrition challenges of OVC in Lagos state.
Keywords: Orphans; vulnerable; children; households food security; caregivers; economy; Nigeria.
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Prince Ezenwa Ndubueze Onyemachi, Ibe Ukariwe Ibe, Franklin Emenike Igwe, Amarachukwu Faith Okafor, Udo Mark, Rosemary Ichita Elekeh, and Obinna Prince Onyemachi. "Evaluation of knowledge on home management of malaria in under-fives among mothers and caregivers in Bende Local Government Area (LGA), Abia State, Nigeria." Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy 10, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.1.0063.
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Background: In Nigeria, pregnant mothers and under-five children are the vulnerable who are most at risk of malarial infections. Despite the presence of numerous accessible health facilities, the community-based home management of childhood fevers remains a very common practice in the country. Objectives: To evaluate knowledge on home management of malaria in under-fives among mothers and caregivers in Bende LGA, Abia State, Nigeria. Methods and materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 heads of household Bende LGA. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from participants and was self-administered. Data were cleaned and coded into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Numerical variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation, categorical variables were summarized using frequency and proportions. Chi-Square test was used to test association, p<0.05. Results: A total of 375 household heads with a response rate of 360 (96.0%) participated in the study with a mean age of 37.2 ± 0.8724, A good number of the participants 136 (37.8%) were in the age range of 35 – 39 years. Majority of them 310 (86.0%) were married. Majority of them 204 (56.6%) had secondary education. One hundred and fifty-eight (43.8%) of them responded that mosquito bite was the cause of malaria. Prevalence of home management of malaria was 117(32.4%) and overall knowledge level of mothers and caregivers was 202 (56.1%). There association between age range, marital status and level of education was statistically significant, p<0.05. Conclusion: There were several gaps in the participants’ level of knowledge relating to home management of under-five children, however, overall knowledge level of mothers and caregivers was 202 (56.1%) and prevalence of home management was low as majority of the under-fives were taken to the hospital for their management.
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Kuokkanen, J., A. Tiili, and A. Paasivirta. "The Negative Impact of the Effects of Coronavirus on the Well-Being of Children and Families Who Are Clients of Child Protection Authorities in Finland." Social Sciences and Childhood 2, no. 1 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020103.
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In the spring 2020, the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic quickly spread across Finland, having significant negative consequences for people’s living conditions. On March 16, 2020, the Finnish government declared a state of emergency and imposed several restrictive measures that were in effect until July 16, 2020 [13; 16]. The coronavirus and its aftermath have weakened the resilience of the Finnish welfare state, thereby challenging the welfare state’s ability to protect those most in need of its support. Recent studies have shown that the most vulnerable populations, such as children, are most affected by the negative effects of the pandemic in Finland and worldwide [5; 9; 11; 14; 18]. In autumn 2020, the Central Union for Child Welfare (CUCW) and the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) conducted a large-scale survey among the heads of child protection authorities (15.08.—13.10.2020), the aim of which was to find out how the consequences of the coronavirus and government restrictions have affected the well-being of children and their families who are clients of child protection authorities during the fall 2020. This article presents the main results and conclusions of the survey.
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Račić, Anđelka. "Violence against children." Megatrend revija 18, no. 2 (2021): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2102267r.
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Violence against children is a dynamic, changing social phenomenon. Every society, regardless of the level of development of democracy, economic and political development, regardless of the level of protection of human rights, encounters violence against children on a daily basis. The first professional interests in violence against children were made between the two world wars, but the first active measures to oppose it appeared in the mid-sixties of the twentieth century, in the most developed countries. In the 21st century, the countries of the "third world" remain in a civilizational, cultural, value cocoon. No matter how impossible and imaginary it may seem, in some countries, violence against children is still denied as a social phenomenon and a deviation. The negation of violence does not stem from the circumstance that the child is not physically and mentally punished, but that this "punishment" is justified for the purpose of good upbringing, tradition and similar found excuses. For many years, this attitude has been held in many post-communist states, states that have been isolated for decades, either because of politics or because of religion. However, with the globalization of society, the inevitable opening of borders, but also under great assets whose affirmation of ordinary organizations, primarily at the global and then at the state level, the topic of "violence against children" slowly gained its epilogue. Today, in 2021, violence against children is an open topic in most communities. There are no more taboos. And no turning heads from violence. Of course, there are exceptions, but the world is full of rules with some exceptions. The paper deals with two aspects: global and national, specifically the Republic of Serbia. The paper deals with the definition of the concept of the child, types of violence, legal acts regulating the rights of the child, applied measures, but also proposals for measures and moves to take exceptions (those who deny the existence of violence against children, those who it doesn't matter…) be if not zeroed, and at least minimized.
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Leventon, Melissa, and Dale Carolyn Gluckman. "Modernity Through the Lens: The Westernization of Thai Women’s Court Dress." Costume 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0590887613z.00000000025.
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Photography came to Thailand in the mid-nineteenth century and was adopted first by King Mongkut (Rama IV, r. 1851–1868) and subsequently by his son King Chulalongkorn (Rama V, r. 1868–1910). Earlier reigns had forbidden the creation of images of the king. However, King Mongkut, eager to demonstrate that Siam was a modern state on the world stage, willingly sat for daguerreotype portraits modelled after those of European royalty. These were distributed to foreign visitors to the Thai court and sent as gifts to Western heads of state. King Chulalongkorn, who became an enthusiastic patron of photography and an accomplished amateur photographer himself, commissioned countless portraits of himself and his family, especially the women and children of the court. By the end of his reign, portraits of members of the royal family, especially the women, became routine. These portraits offer an unmatched record of the dress of an otherwise invisible population and served as inspiration for Thailand’s reigning queen in her development of modern court dress. This essay, the first of its kind in English, attempts to chart the changes in court attire from c. 1860–1930, as it gradually evolved from fully Thai to fully Western.
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Abubakar, Fatum, Muhrim Djakat, Nining Zahara Ismail Zahara Ismail, and Darwis U. Bicoli. "THE AUTHORITY OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW AMONG THE HEADS OF TERNATE AND TIDORE RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OFFICES." Al Hakam: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law and Gender Issues 4, no. 1 (June 3, 2024): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35896/alhakam.v4i1.496.
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This article analyzes the authority of Islamic family law among the heads of the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) in Ternate and Tidore, Indonesia. This research is a type of field research with qualitative methods. The research involved princes in the northern Maluku region consisting of the Sultanates of Ternate and Tidore. The research results show that the headman has coercive authority to force legal implementers (children or parents for parties who are getting married) to comply with existing rules because there is a legal basis which is the authority of the headman as the party registering the marriage. In dealing with legal authorities such as in determining marriage guardians, determining the period of 'iddah and pregnant marriages, the headmen in Ternate and Tidore generally use Fiqh legal considerations rather than state laws such as KHI and so on. This is because formal legislation issued by the state (such as KHI) does not have a negotiating nature and is final. Furthermore, alternatives for consideration of minimizing harm and taking the path to benefit are taken from the legal propositions of Fiqh.
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Avdeev, Yu A. "State Policy of Far East Development: How to Ensure Accelerated Progress?" Russia: Society, Politics, History, no. 1(10) (May 31, 2024): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56654/ropi-2024-1(10)-158-177.
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Against the backdrop of the authorities’ efforts to accelerate the development of the Far East, dissatisfaction remains, an indicator of which is the trend of population decline. The article argues that the growing financial flow, with the same approach, without a precise formula of the goal, without the definition of priorities, will not give the desired result. It is proposed to accelerate the transition from a resource-export model of the economy to a new industrialization. The justification of priorities is based on combining the efforts of the subjects of the federation of the macroregion, involving the potential of the country’s entrepreneurs focused on Asian markets, and integration cooperation with the countries of the AsiaPacific region.The widest field for cooperation is seen in the field of exploration of the World Ocean, space exploration and in the field of Culture. Such a turn increases the attractiveness of the Far East and increases the demand for labor. It will be necessary to see a different solution to demographic problems. If the State is the main beneficiary of population growth, it is obliged to recognize the birth and upbringing of children in the family as productive work, which is remunerated, counted in the length of service, and provided with a pension.The stability of a young family is determined by the availability of housing, and the key to having many children is a house “on the ground”. But the house is not financial bondage, not a mortgage, but an incentive for expanded reproduction. The course towards industrialization provides an opportunity for a decent income for the head of the family, the work of women is paid, and a roof over their heads is a guarantee of a stable and large family. And the Far East is a testing ground where a model is created, control mechanisms are polished, and efficiency is demonstrated.
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Adeyemi, E. O., O. S. Olatunya, A. Ajibola, and O. J. Adebami. "An assessment of barriers to implementation of school health program in primary schools in Ido/Osi, Southwest, Nigeria: a qualitative study." Rwanda Public Health Bulletin 5, no. 1 (June 11, 2024): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rphb.v5i1.5.
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INTRODUCTION: School Health Program is an event that promotes the understanding, maintenance, and improvement of the school community's health and ensures that children are at all times in a state of optimum health. The implementation of School Health Programme in most parts of Nigeria is, however, poor or suboptimal. The objective of the study was to assess the quality of the School Health Programme being implemented in Ido/Osi Local Government Area, Southwest Nigeria.METHODS: Focused group discussions were carried out among 4 different groups of 8 participants each, with each group comprised of different administrative heads and health instructors. The qualitative study was carried out among primary schools in the Ido/Osi local government area in Southwest Nigeria. The data were analyzed using a thematic framework approach for qualitative data analysis.RESULTS: Administrative heads and health teachers lacked in-depth knowledge of the School Health Programme. Most private schools had good buildings but the majority of public schools had dilapidated structures. All schools had at least a source of water. Toilet facilities were present in a few public schools and in all private schools. Most of the schools practice open dumping of refuse. All the schools had a first aid box but with varying content. Only one private school had a school nurse. All the schools send a child with suspected communicable diseases home. Free mid-day meals are available in public schools but lacking in private ones.CONCLUSION: The study revealed the poor state of SHP in Ido/Osi and identified deficiencies in the effective implementation of SHP.
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Lanyasunya, Andrew Ropilo, and Robinson M. Ocharo. "Examining the influence of guardian level of education and enrolment of children in primary school in Samburu County, Kenya." Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences (JPBS) 1, no. 1 (October 21, 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jpbs.v1i1.458.
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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of guardian level of education and enrolment of children in primary school in Samburu County, Kenya. To facilitate the data collection, Samburu District was stratified into three clusters – Highland-Rural, Lowland-Rural and Urban. Multi-stage and random sampling were used to select from each cluster, one division, one location, one sub-location and then 200 household heads from all the villages in the sub-location. That is moving from the division down to the villages using random sampling. Data were collected and analysed using Excel and SPSS computer packages and further presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The specific tools used were frequencies and cross-tabulations. The study found out that guardian education plays a very important role in enhancing access to basic formal education. Indeed, the relationship between guardian education and access to basic formal education was very significant at the study's 95 per cent confidence level. In this regard, the children who did not get a chance to enrol in the formal school system can be reached through the Out of School Programme. Similarly, Adult literacy classes can boost the literacy levels of the household heads.
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Arroio, Agnaldo. "EDUCATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT AGAINST HATE SPEECH AND INTOLERANCE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 77, no. 3 (June 18, 2019): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/19.77.314.
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On January 24, 2019, the International Day of Education was celebrated for the first time. One of the celebrations was a speech by the Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN), in which Mr. António Guterres highlighted the role of education in combating hate speech, intolerance in various aspects and also in xenophobia. In the words of the Secretary-General of the UN: "Such a situation constitutes a violation of his fundamental right to education. The world cannot afford to deprive a generation of children and young people of the knowledge they will need to have a place in the economy of the 21st century. " In 2019, there are still 262 million children and young people who do not have access to school, and most of these children and young people are girls who are in a situation of exclusion. In 2015 between September 25 and 27, Heads of State and Government and senior representatives from various countries met at United Nations Headquarters in New York when they celebrated the 70th anniversary of the United Nations and decided on the new objectives’ development, setting the 2030 Agenda.
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Shadrikov, Alexander V. "Reproductive Attitudes of Young Rural Women in the Republic of Tatarstan." REGIONOLOGY 27, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.106.027.201901.122-137.
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Introduction. The modern rural society suffers a demographic crisis due to a drop in the birth rate and a decrease in the total fertility rate. Young women of reproductive age play an important role in increasing the number of births in rural areas. The objective of the paper is to study the reproductive intentions and preferences of young rural women in the Republic of Tatarstan as well as to identify the reasons for birth postponement and the degree of influence of the state support measures. Materials and Methods. The results of a sociological survey conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2018 were used as the materials for the study. Statistics were used for the calculation; the systematic and comparative methods of analysis were employed. Results. The study has revealed the sustainable subjective preferences of young rural women in the Republic of Tatarstan to have two or more children. It has also confirmed the heterogeneity of the reproductive attitudes in the rural community and identified the rural women’s reasons for birth postponement. Assessment of certain reserves of increasing the birth rate has been made. State support measures affecting fertility rates have been evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion. The increase in the birth rate in the Republic of Tatarstan largely depends on the quantitative and qualitative indicators such as the number of rural women of reproductive age as well as on the measures taken by the state to stimulate the birth rate and thereby increase the reproductive attitudes. The research materials will be useful for the heads of municipal districts, heads of governmental structures, scholars and helpful when devising federal and regional demographic and family development strategies as well as when implementing the Demography national project.
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Dillon, Justin, Stephen Gough, William Scott, and Kelly Teamey. "A Report Fit for Children? A Critical Examination of the Work of the UN General Assembly's Special Session on Children, May 2002." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 18 (January 2002): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001166.
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From 8-10 May 2002, the United Nations General Assembly met in a Special Session on Children. Representatives from more than 180 countries agreed on 21 new goals in the areas of education, health, combating AIDS and protecting children against abuse, exploitation and violence (Reuters 2002), The Assembly set six new targets aimed at meeting the goal of ‘quality basic education for all children’. In this paper we critically examine the strategies that the UN identified to ensure that the targets are met, in the light of our experiences researching and writing a report for the UK Department for International Development (DFID) on mainstreaming environmental education.At the Special Session, held in New York, children and heads of state evaluated progress towards achieving the 27 goals set at the 1990 World Summit for Children (UNICEF 2002a). The Special Session on Children was preceded by a three-day Children's Forum ‘for those most directly affected by the decisions made at the conference’ (UNICEF 2002b). As well as 350 children from more than 150 countries (reported elsewhere as ‘376 children and young adults from 115 countries’ (MacCentral 2002) there were ‘2,000 representatives of more than 800 non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including many of UNICEF's partners in the field’ (UNICEF 2002b). The claim that the Forum was attended by ‘those most directly affected by the decisions’ is at best pious hope and at worst pure spin, but the size and scale of the event merits consideration by those working for and with children around the world.
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Beogo, Idrissa, Drissa Sia, Patricia Bourrier, Darcelle Vigier, Nebila Jean-Claude Bationo, André Côté, and Eric Tchouaket Nguemeleu. "Factors associated with health-seeking behavior amongst children in the context of free market: Household study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2011." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): e0271493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271493.
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Background Limited access to healthcare among children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a major cause of poor infant health indicators. Although many speculate that the private sector expansion has overwhelmingly reinforced health systems’ utilization, little is known as to whether and where children are cared for when they are sick. This study investigated health-seeking behavior (HSB) among children from an urban area of Burkina Faso, with respect to disease severity and the type of provider versus children’s characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso using a two-stage sampling strategy. 1,098 households (2,411 children) data were collected. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze providers’ choice for emergency, severe and non-severe conditions; sex-preference was further assessed with a χ2 test. Results Thirty-six percent of children requiring emergency care sought private providers, as did 38% with severe conditions. Fifty-seven percent with non-severe conditions were self-medicated. A multivariable GEE indicated that University-educated household-heads would bring their children to for-profit (instead of public) providers for emergency (OR = 3.51, 95%CI = 1.90; 6.48), severe (OR = 4.05, 95%CI: 2.24; 7.30), and non-severe (OR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.25; 8.42) conditions. A similar pattern was observed for insured and formal jobholders. Children’s sex, age and gender was not associated with neither the type of provider preference nor the assessed health condition. Conclusion Private healthcare appeared to be crucial in the provision of care to children. The household head’s socioeconomic status and insurance coverage significantly distinguished the choice of care provider. However, the phenomenon of son-preference was not found. These findings spotlighted children’s HSB in Burkina Faso.
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Aarvold, Alexander, Ryan Lohre, Harpreet Chhina, Kishore Mulpuri, and Anthony Cooper. "Dynamic deformation of the femoral head occurs on weightbearing in Legg-Calves-Perthes disease." Bone & Joint Open 1, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.17.bjo-2020-0030.r1.
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Aims Though the pathogenesis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is unknown, repetitive microtrauma resulting in deformity has been postulated. The purpose of this study is to trial a novel upright MRI scanner, to determine whether any deformation occurs in femoral heads affected by LCPD with weightbearing. Methods Children affected by LCPD were recruited for analysis. Children received both standing weightbearing and supine scans in the MROpen upright MRI scanner, for coronal T1 GFE sequences, both hips in field of view. Parameters of femoral head height, width, and lateral extrusion of affected and unaffected hips were assessed by two independent raters, repeated at a one month interval. Inter- and intraclass correlation coefficients were determined. Standing and supine measurements were compared for each femoral head. Results Following rigorous protocol development in healthy age-matched volunteers, successful scanning was performed in 11 LCPD-affected hips in nine children, with seven unaffected hips therefore available for comparison. Five hips were in early stage (1 and 2) and six were in late stage (3 and 4). The mean age was 5.3 years. All hips in early-stage LCPD demonstrated dynamic deformity on weightbearing. Femoral head height decreased (mean 1.2 mm, 12.4% decrease), width increased (mean 2.5 mm, 7.2% increase), and lateral extrusion increased (median 2.5 mm, 23% increase) on standing weightbearing MRI compared to supine scans. Negligible deformation was observed in contra-lateral unaffected hips, with less deformation observed in late-stage hips. Inter- and intraclass reliability for all measured parameters was good to excellent. Conclusion This pilot study has described an effective novel research investigation for children with LCPD. Femoral heads in early-stage LCPD demonstrated dynamic deformity on weightbearing not previously seen, while unaffected hips did not. Expansion of this protocol will allow further translational study into the effects of loading hips with LCPD. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:364–369.
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Aarvold, Alexander, Ryan Lohre, Harpreet Chhina, Kishore Mulpuri, and Anthony Cooper. "Dynamic deformation of the femoral head occurs on weightbearing in Legg-Calves-Perthes disease." Bone & Joint Open 1, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.17.bjo-2020-0030.r1.
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Aims Though the pathogenesis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is unknown, repetitive microtrauma resulting in deformity has been postulated. The purpose of this study is to trial a novel upright MRI scanner, to determine whether any deformation occurs in femoral heads affected by LCPD with weightbearing. Methods Children affected by LCPD were recruited for analysis. Children received both standing weightbearing and supine scans in the MROpen upright MRI scanner, for coronal T1 GFE sequences, both hips in field of view. Parameters of femoral head height, width, and lateral extrusion of affected and unaffected hips were assessed by two independent raters, repeated at a one month interval. Inter- and intraclass correlation coefficients were determined. Standing and supine measurements were compared for each femoral head. Results Following rigorous protocol development in healthy age-matched volunteers, successful scanning was performed in 11 LCPD-affected hips in nine children, with seven unaffected hips therefore available for comparison. Five hips were in early stage (1 and 2) and six were in late stage (3 and 4). The mean age was 5.3 years. All hips in early-stage LCPD demonstrated dynamic deformity on weightbearing. Femoral head height decreased (mean 1.2 mm, 12.4% decrease), width increased (mean 2.5 mm, 7.2% increase), and lateral extrusion increased (median 2.5 mm, 23% increase) on standing weightbearing MRI compared to supine scans. Negligible deformation was observed in contra-lateral unaffected hips, with less deformation observed in late-stage hips. Inter- and intraclass reliability for all measured parameters was good to excellent. Conclusion This pilot study has described an effective novel research investigation for children with LCPD. Femoral heads in early-stage LCPD demonstrated dynamic deformity on weightbearing not previously seen, while unaffected hips did not. Expansion of this protocol will allow further translational study into the effects of loading hips with LCPD. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:364–369.
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Kastory Abel Mbunda and Ponsian Thomas Sewando. "The influence of feeding practices on under-five nutrition status in Mbinga District, Tanzania." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.1123.
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Background: Undernutrition is a universal public health problem for both children and adults globally. It is not only a public health concern but also an impediment to global poverty reduction, productivity, and economic growth. Under-five children are among the most vulnerable groups, although it affects both women, the elderly, and youth. This study assessed the influence of feeding practices on under-five nutrition status in Mbinga District, Tanzania. This paper unveils the contribution of feeding practices to underfive nutrition status in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 150 heads of households whose children aged 0–59 months were assessed to determine their anthropometric measurements. Weigh for age Z-scores, height for age Z-scores, and weight for height Z-scores. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data from the heads of households. Data were coded and analyzed by ENA for the SMART, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and STATA programs. Results: It is revealed that 90.7% of under-five children in the surveyed households initiated breastfeeding within one hour of life, 72% of the children were given complementary foods before six months, maize porridge was a major complementary food, and 80% of the children consumed three to four meals per day. Their diets were not diverse as starchy staple foods were dominant. It was further found that 42% of the children were stunted, 33% were wasted, and 25% were underweight. Moreover, the results of the ordered probit regression model showed that exclusive breastfeeding, meal frequency, and food dietary diversity were positively influencing nutrition status, while household size was negatively influencing the nutrition status of the under-five. Conclusion: The study concludes that inappropriate complementary feeding, children did not receive the minimum dietary diversity, and poor child feeding practices have a positive influence on the anthropometric status of the under-five. It was recommended that education be provided to community members on appropriate child feeding practices and family planning.
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Wolf, Gerald, Wolfgang Anderhuber, and Frederick Kuhn. "Development of the Paranasal Sinuses in Children: Implications for Paranasal Sinus Surgery." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 102, no. 9 (September 1993): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200911.
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The pediatric nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, when compared to those in adults, differ not only in size but also in proportion. Knowledge of the unique anatomy and pneumatization of children's sinuses is an important prerequisite to understanding the pathogenesis of sinusitis and its complications. It is also important in evaluation of radiographs and in planning surgical interventions. In order to study the development of the paranasal sinuses in children and relate clinical anatomy to sinus surgery, the sinuses in 102 pediatric skulls and cadaver heads were measured. The results were classified by stage of development into 4 different age groups: newborn and 1 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 years. The characteristics of each group and their clinical importance for paranasal sinus surgery are described.
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E., Uzobo, and Moroyei B.O. "Social Networks Correlate to Fertility Intentions and Realization among Menopausal Women in Suburban Areas of Bayelsa State, Nigeria." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 5, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-mhszftzm.
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The study examined the roles of social networks in fertility intentions and realization among menopausal women in suburban areas of Bayelsa State. Although studies have previously shown the influence that social networks have on fertility behaviour, their roles on fertility intentions and realization among women before menopause especially in the suburban areas remained unknown. Social network theory provided the theoretical base for this study while a retrospective cross-sectional research was employed for the design. A multistage sampling technique was utilized to distribute 385 copies of structured questionnaires to menopausal women (aged 50+ years). The quantitative data were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics. The average age of the respondents was 52.88±3.20 years. Findings revealed that the social networks available before menopause ranged from relatives (26.4%), neighbours (22.0%), husbands’ relatives (11.1%), religious group members (11.1%), friends (7.5%), co-workers (3.6%) and community heads (3.6%). The highest percentage of social networks that influenced the use of contraceptives before menopause was relatives (33.5%). Also, social networks were significantly related to family planning use (x2=102.41, DF=6, p<0.05). The result also showed that relatives (42.6%) had the highest influence on the number of children intended before menopause, while friends (24.2%) and relatives (23.6%) had the highest proportion of influence on the total number of children that were ever born. In conclusion, different forms of social networks influenced respondents’ fertility behaviour. It is therefore recommended that the use of social networks should be considered a critical factor in designing reproductive health policy among women as an informal mechanism of disseminating reproductive health information.
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Mohamed, Nusrat, Stanislau Makaranka, Kamalpreet Cheema, and Paul Harnett. "Bilateral acetabular fractures induced by an epileptic seizure in a paediatric patient: a unique case and its management." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 8 (August 2019): e230143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230143.
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Bilateral acetabular fractures following epileptic seizures are a rare but known occurrence in adults, with an 18.5% mortality rate. These fractures occurring post epileptic seizures have not been previously documented in children. We report a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented to hospital via ambulance following two violent generalised tonic–clonic seizures in a postictal state, metabolically acidotic and a low haemoglobin. Acute abdomen was suspected and the patient underwent a CT scan which showed bilateral acetabular fractures with central dislocations of both femoral heads and free fluid in the abdomen. The patient underwent initial damage control intervention with insertion of bilateral distal femur skeletal traction. Definitive fixation of the acetabular fractures occurred 1 week later with an open reduction internal fixation with novel supra-pectineal plates using a Pfannenstiel incision. We use this report to increase awareness of significant pelvic injuries in paediatric patients post epileptic seizures.
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Romashina, Ekaterina. "CATALOGS OF THE PUBLISHING HOUSE OF MAURYCY WOLFF AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF CHILDREN’S BOOKS IN RUSSIA." Children's Readings: Studies in Children's Literature 22, no. 2 (2022): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2304-5817-2022-2-22-196-216.
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Maurycy Wolff is one of the first Russian publishers who chose literature for children and youth as their “specialty”. The source base letting study of this aspect of his activity includes documents of the Joint Stock Publishing Company by M. Wolff (Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg); M.Wolf’s personal fund (Russian State Archive of Literature and Art); public anniversary reports for the 10th and 25th anniversary of the company; polemical articles and notes in periodicals; catalogs and bookstore invoices. The article focuses on the latter type of sources. The work provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Wolff’s catalogs from 1856 to 1897. The article reveals the dynamics of the number of publications for children; their number is correlated with other genres and types of literature. The main trends of Wolff’s publishing practices are identified. They involve his awareness of activities in the field of children’s literature as a special social mission; implementation of the practice of book classifications according to children’s age and levels of a child’s reading skills; publication of richly illustrated editions as a way of solving special aesthetic tasks: expanding of the content of the catalogs (detailed abstracts, quotations from works, expert opinions, etc.) to purposefully influence the tastes of the Russian public; perception of the catalog as a communication tool with various social strata of potential buyers (parents, heads of educational institutions, residents of capitals and provinces, wealthy and poor citizens, etc.).
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Chernobrovkin, Vladimir A., Diana V. Tupikina, Yulia V. Karlova, and Ekaterina V. Yakovleva. "Use of works of art in the development of emotional intelligence preschool children." Perspectives of Science and Education 52, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.4.21.
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Introduction. At the present stage, the expansion of the range of interests of preschool children is a social order of society for the preschool education system. One of the important tasks of modern education is the development of various forms of personal activity of children, including the development of emotional intelligence. Modern pedagogy faces many problems of a psychological nature. One of the most relevant is the low level of emotional intelligence development. In pedagogical practice, certain difficulties of interaction with preschoolers through the emotional-volitional sphere are noted: features of internal experiences and their influence on the behavioral sphere; a vivid expression of the emotional response; emotional disorders in the form of increased anxiety and fatigue; lack of formation of empathy and empathy; unjustified feelings of fear, etc. Materials and methods. To collect the results, we used theoretical and empirical methods: pedagogical diagnostics, observation, questionnaires, and statistical processing of the research results (Pearson's chi-squared test). The study involved teachers, masters, bachelors of the Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (Russian Federation), as well as children (N = 139), parents, teachers and heads of educational organizations. The results of the study. The program was created and tested for the development of emotional intelligence using works of art, including game-fairy tales, exercises, sketches on fairy-tale plots, and advisory material; in creating and conducting generalizing diagnostics for the development of emotional intelligence, identifying new forms of educational activities and components of the educational process. The study conducted using the chi-square test showed statistical differences (p < 0,05) in the results of the diagnostic data of the ascertaining and control stages, which confirms the effectiveness of the development of emotional intelligence of preschoolers by means of artistic works and methods of fairy-tale therapy. In conclusion, the ways to optimize and solve the problems are outlined.
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Haerani, Ruslan. "THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF UNDERAGE MARRIAGE IN THE MERARIQ CULTURE OF THE SASAK TRIBE IN MEREMBU VILLAGE, LABUAPI DISTRICT, WEST LOMBOK REGENCY." Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52496/mjhki.v2i1.33.
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The culture of marriage varies from region to region, influenced by religion, customs, and community environment. One of them is the Merarik culture of the Sasak tribe in Lombok. This study aims to analyze the settlement of underage marriages and their legal consequences in the Merarik culture of the Sasak tribe in Merembu Village, West Lombok. The research method uses empirical legal methods and qualitative approaches with primary data from the research location and secondary data from reliable sources. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and document studies. The results showed that the process of settling underage marriages was carried out through negotiations and mediation involving village heads, religious leaders, and local communities. The legal consequences affect marital status, husband and wife, children, and property. Unregistered marriages are not recognized by the state, so the wife loses her rights if abandoned, divorced, or the husband dies. The child of the marriage only has a legal relationship with the mother and the mother's family, without a legal relationship with the father. Therefore, it is recommended that authorized institutions provide counseling on the importance of state-recognized marriages to prevent adverse effects in the future.
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CLAYTON, ELLEN WRIGHT. "Issues in State Newborn Screening Programs." Pediatrics 90, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.4.641.
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These are heady times for newborn screening. Articles in the medical literature and speakers at grand rounds urge us to test babies for disorders, including cystic fibrosis,1 biotinidase deficiency,2 and medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.3 States are expanding the batteries of tests they perform. My own state of Tennessee just began testing neonates for galactosemia this year. And this is no doubt just the beginning. New techniques are being developed that will make it possible to look for a host of genetic characteristics using microscopic amounts of blood. We soon may be able to discern many conditions and characteristics of our children.
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Skorinov, S. N. "Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture as a School for Formation of a Creative Personality." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-97-104.
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The 50th anniversary of Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture is the date that allows to summarize the results of its activities, to assess the accomplishments and achievements. Over the past years its became one of the leading educational institutions in the Far East Region for the preparation of the policymakers in the sphere of culture, the heads of cultural institutions, the organizers of cultural events and festivals, specialists for libraries, museums, art galleries, Houses of Culture, music and dance teachers. Today Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture realizes the conception of continuing education and offers 91 educational programs corresponding to different levels of education including secondary specialized (2), bachelor degree (29), master’s degree (7), specialist (2), postgraduate courses (3), supplementary education for children and adults (8), retraining and advanced training programs (35). The educational process is organized as co-creative work bringing together students and teachers. The cornerstone of the success of education is cooperation and close ties with future employers, local and municipal institutions of culture and arts. The students are involved in creative activities of chairs, museums, theatres, Houses of culture, Philharmonics. Such practice-oriented education enables to prepare qualified, highly competitive graduates required by market. This is demonstrated by the outcomes of the annual employment monitoring held by the RF Ministry of education and science. For four years the Institute maintains highest figures by comparison with the other higher education institutions of culture.
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B. Alnajjar, Aseel, Azhar M. Kadim, Ruaa Abdullah Jaber, Najwan Abed Hasan, Ehsan Qahtan Ahmed, Mohammed Sahib Mahdi Altaei, and Ahmed L. Khalaf. "Wireless Sensor Network Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 3, no. 6 (January 1, 2023): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v3i6.16526.
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a high potential technology used in many fields (agriculture, earth, environmental monitoring, resources union, health, security, military, and transport, IoT technology). The band width of each cluster head is specific, thus, the number of sensors connected to each cluster head is restricted to a maximum limit and exceeding it will weaken the connection service between each sensor and its corresponding cluster head. This will achieve the research objective which refers to reaching the state where the proposed system energy is stable and not consuming further more cost. The main challenge is how to distribute the cluster heads regularly on a specified area, that’s why a solution was supposed in this research implies finding the best distribution of the cluster heads using a genetic algorithm. Where using an optimization algorithm, keeping in mind the cluster heads positions restrictions, is an important scientific contribution in the research field of interest. The novel idea in this paper is the crossover of two-dimensional integer encoded individuals that replacing an opposite region in the parents to produce the children of new generation. The mutation occurs with probability of 0.001, it changes the type of 0.05 sensors found in handled individual. After producing more than 1000 generations, the achieved results showed lower value of fitness function with stable behavior. This indicates the correct path of computations and the accuracy of the obtained results. The genetic algorithm operated well and directed the process towards improving the genes to be the best possible at the last generation. The behavior of the objective function started to be regular gradually throughout the produced generations until reaching the best product in the last generation where it is shown that all the sensors are connected to the nearest cluster head. As a conclusion, the genetic algorithm developed the sensors’ distribution in the WSN model, which confirms the validity of applying of genetic algorithms and the accuracy of the results.
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Гладких, Валентина Владимировна, Людмила Александровна Обухова, and Ольга Анатольевна Попова. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE ABILITIES AND TALENTS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN GENERAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REGION." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Педагогика и психология, no. 2(55) (July 2, 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpsyped/2021.2.097.
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Рассмотрена проблема раскрытия одарённости у детей и молодёжи в образовательном процессе школы. Цель исследования - изучение деятельности руководителей образовательных организаций (разделённых на кластеры по средовым показателям), направленной на выявление способностей и талантов обучающихся. Задачи: определить состояние работы школ, относящихся к разным кластерам, с обучающимися, подтвердившими индекс высоких результатов по ВПР, ОГЭ, ЕГЭ; выделить наиболее эффективные формы работы с обучающимися, имеющими способности к освоению отдельных учебных предметов. Is devoted to the problem of revealing talents in children and young people in the secondary school educational process. The purpose of the study is the activities of the heads of educational organizations (divided into clusters by environmental indicators), aimed at identifying the abilities and talents of students. Objectives:to determine the state of activities of schools belonging to different clusters, with students who have confirmed the index of high results in the VPR, OGE, USE, identify the most effective forms of work with the students having the ability of mastering certain academic subjects.
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G. Mendes, Gabriela, Raquel Borges-Moroni, Fábio T. Moroni, and Júlio Mendes. "HEAD LICE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN UBERLANDIA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL." Revista de Patologia Tropical 46, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v46i2.47572.
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Nguyen, Tutrang, Jade Marcus Jenkins, and Anamarie Auger Whitaker. "Are Content-Specific Curricula Differentially Effective in Head Start or State Prekindergarten Classrooms?" AERA Open 4, no. 2 (April 2018): 233285841878428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858418784283.
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Head Start and state prekindergarten (pre-K) programs can boost the school readiness of low-income children through the use of effective preschool curricula. Encouraging results from some studies suggest that children who receive targeted or content-specific curricular supplements (e.g., literacy or math) during preschool show moderate to large improvements in that targeted content domain, but recent research also suggests differences in children’s school readiness among different preschool program settings. We examine whether children in Head Start or public pre-K classrooms differentially benefit from the use of randomly assigned classroom curricula targeting specific academic domains. Our results indicate that children in both Head Start and public pre-K classrooms benefit from targeted, content-specific curricula. Future research is needed to examine the specific mechanisms and classroom processes through which curricula help improve children’s outcomes.
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Das, Arundhuti, Jyoti Ghosal, Hemant Kumar Khuntia, Sujata Dixit, Sanghmitra Pati, Harpreet Kaur, Akhil Bihari Ota, Madhusmita Bal, and Manoranjan R. Ranjit. "Malnutrition and Anemia Among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Odisha, India: Needs for Context-Specific Intervention." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, no. 3 (May 2024): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_452_23.
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Background: As undernutrition and anemia persist to be prevalent in India, the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups continue to take the greater brunt. Odisha is home to the largest number of particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) in India. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive report on the undernutrition and anemia status of all the PVTGs of Odisha. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among (N = 1461, 683 males and 779 females) 13 PVTGs spread across 12 districts of Odisha from August 2018 to February 2019. Results: Among the under-five children, the prevalence of underweight was observed in 75.26%, stunting in 55.42%, and wasting in 60.00% and all forms of undernutrition were higher among girls. Among children and adolescents belonging to the age group of 5 to 19 years, the prevalence of thinness was 46.7%. In individuals above the age of 20, the prevalence of underweight among males was 37.7% and females was 44.3% and severe anemia was present in 36.5% of females and 35.8% of males. Women in the reproductive age have a higher prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: The study shows that undernutrition and anemia remain high in the PVTGs, especially among the under-five children and women in the reproductive age. As the country heads toward fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030, national and state health policies need to be designed and implemented, giving special focus to these vulnerable groups.
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Shabel’nikova, S. I. "Implementation of the State Anti-Crisis Program to Preserve the Stability of the Economy in the Context of the Spread of COVID-19." Federalism, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2020-3-219-230.
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The sanitary and epidemiological situation that developed at the beginning of this year due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection and the subsequent quarantine measures had a negative impact on the Russian economy. The government of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank, the Federal Assembly, and heads of state authorities responded to the pandemic as soon as possible and took measures to support the population, the sectors of the economy at risk, small and medium-sized businesses, and system-forming enterprises. Additional financial assistance was provided to families with children, citizens who lost their jobs, small and medium-sized businesses, and regional budgets. In addition, earned credit programs on concessionary terms In the article the basic state measures, which helped in difficult times of crisis to preserve the stability of the financial system and support demand of the population is presented indicators of the dynamics of business. However, the modern economy needs a broader set of measures that will allow businesses not only to overcome difficulties, but also to develop at a faster pace, since the negative effect on the Russian economy from a decrease in external demand and restrictive measures to combat the spread of coronavirus may have at the end of this 2020 year.
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Lanyasunya, Andrew Ropilo, and Robinson M. Ocharo. "Effect of parental perceived importance of formal education on children’s access to primary school in Samburu County, Kenya." Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v4i1.448.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of parental perceived importance of formal education on children’s access to primary school. Samburu District was stratified into three clusters to facilitate the data collection: Highland-Rural, Lowland-Rural and Urban. Multi-stage and random sampling were used to select from each cluster, one division, one location, one sub-location and then 200 household heads from all the villages in the sub-location. That is moving from the division down to the villages using random sampling. Data were collected and analysed using Excel and SPSS computer packages and further presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The specific tools used were frequencies and cross-tabulations. The study found that guardian education is very important in enhancing access to basic formal education. Indeed, the relationship between guardian education and access to basic formal education was very significant at the study's 95 per cent confidence level. In this regard, the children who did not get a chance to enrol in the formal school system can be reached through the Out of School Programme. Similarly, Adult literacy classes can boost the literacy levels of the household heads.
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Deshpande, Ashwini Sunil, and Osondu Ogbuoji. "Are households with under-five children in Nigeria socioeconomically disadvantaged?" PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): e0002616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002616.
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Although the sociodemographic and economic contributors to under-five mortality are well established, very little research has been done to assess the levels of disadvantage under-five children in Nigeria face along these dimensions. Nigeria has the second-highest under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in the world (111 deaths per 1000 live births) and contributed to the highest number of annual under-five deaths globally in 2020 (844,321 deaths). The country has also implemented several decades of policy interventions to reduce under-five mortality by improving sociodemographic and economic conditions at the household level. In this paper, we assess the sociodemographic and economic disadvantages that households with children under-five face compared to other households and discuss the implications for health policy. Using the Nigeria Living Standard Survey 2018–19, we conducted a bivariate analysis to compare the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of households with and without under-five children. We performed independent samples t-test and proportions test to assess whether these sociodemographic and economic factors were significantly different for both groups. We found that households with under-five children typically had larger sizes (6.6 vs. 3.6), lower mean adult age (36.5 vs. 45.3), and male household heads (91.3% vs. 71.5%) than households without under-five children. Furthermore, households with under-five children were less likely to have access to improved drinking water (77.2% vs. 86.0%) and sanitation sources (54.0% vs. 61.9%) than those without under-five children. Despite having more adult working members, 71.2% of households with under-five children lived below the poverty line compared to 37.7% of other households. Although their total consumption expenditure was lower than households without under-five children, they spent a higher proportion of their expenditure on health care and were at a higher risk of experiencing catastrophic health expenditure. Our study has shown that households with children under five are disproportionately disadvantaged than other households in Nigeria. The households with under-five children are larger, younger, and poorer than those without children. We also show a wide variation in the proportion of households with children under five by state. Any efforts to reduce under-five mortality and morbidity in Nigeria should recognize these sociodemographic and economic differences.
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Iuliano, Agnese, Funmilayo Shittu, Timothy Colbourn, Julius Salako, Damola Bakare, Ayobami Adebayo A. Bakare, Carina King, et al. "Community perceptions matter: a mixed-methods study using local knowledge to define features of success for a community intervention to improve quality of care for children under-5 in Jigawa, Nigeria." BMJ Open 13, no. 11 (November 2023): e069213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069213.
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ObjectivesIn this study, we used the information generated by community members during an intervention design process to understand the features needed for a successful community participatory intervention to improve child health.DesignWe conducted a concurrent mixed-methods study (November 2019–March 2020) to inform the design and evaluation of a community–facility linkage participatory intervention.SettingKiyawa Local Government Area (Jigawa State, Nigeria)—population of 230 000 (n=425 villages).ParticipantsQualitative data included 12 community conversations with caregivers of children under-5 (men, older and younger women; n=9 per group), 3 focus group discussions (n=10) with ward development committee members and interviews with facility heads (n=3). Quantitative data comprised household surveys (n=3464) with compound heads (n=1803) and women (n=1661).ResultsWe analysed qualitative data with thematic network analysis and the surveys with linear regression—results were triangulated in the interpretation phase. Participants identified the following areas of focus: community health education; facility infrastructure, equipment and staff improvements; raising funds to make these changes. Community involvement, cooperation and empowerment were recognised as a strategy to improve child health, and the presence of intermediate bodies (development committees) was deemed important to improve communication and solve problems between community and facility members. The survey showed functional community relations’ dynamics, with high levels of internal cohesion (78%), efficacy in solving problems together (79%) and fairness of the local leaders (82%).ConclusionsCombining the results from this study and critical theories on successful participation identified community-informed features for a contextually tailored community–facility link intervention. The need to promote a more inclusive approach to future child health interventions was highlighted. In addition to health education campaigns, the relationship between community and healthcare providers needs strengthening, and development committees were identified as an essential feature for successfully linking communities and facilities for child health.Trial registration numberISRCTN39213655.
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Reho, H. "Experience of inclusive education in Hungary." Pedagogical education: theory and practice. Psychology. Pedagogy 2, no. 40 (2024): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2409.2023.405.
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In comparison with the trends of the previous decades, the educational process in state educational institutions has witnessed a significant increase in the number of children with special educational needs and features of psychophysical development. The military situation in Ukraine has made the issue of inclusive education more urgent. In Hungary, the emergence of two laws in the 1990s, namely Law LXXIX "On Education" of 1993, and Law XXVI "On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Ensuring Their Equal Opportunities" of 1998, opened new possibilities and posed new challenges to the teaching profession. Consequently, when making decisions and taking measures related to children, educators are required to treat them equally. The demand for equal treatment of all children enhances the quality of life for individuals with disabilities, enabling them to become active members of society, just like their healthy peers. Our research is not representative, and the obtained results are indicative. The purpose of the research was primarily to gain an understanding of the state of inclusive education in Hungary and lay the foundations for a more comprehensive research to borrow experience. Tasks. Based on interviews with researchers who work in the field of inclusive education in preschools and practicing educators and heads of preschool institutions with inclusive groups, we tried to cover the experience of working with children with special educational needs and their parents in Hungarian preschools. Brief Description of Research Results. Social circumstances that are constantly evolving prompt all members of the educational process, particularly educators in preschool institutions, towards adaptability, resilience, self-reflection, the renewal of educational practices and approaches, partnership among all members, and the utilization of new methods and tools. The research indicated that, from both a social and economic perspective, "investing in early childhood is a 'return on investment' in the literal sense of the word," significantly impacting their future beyond school preparedness. However, while adapting to the changing demands of society, it is crucial for preschool institutions to maintain their child-oriented focus and traditional pedagogical practices. Conclusions. In terms of the obtained results, it can be stated that for inclusive education to work successfully and yield desired results, awareness, collaboration, and receptiveness of all members of the educational process – parents, children, and educators – are essential.
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Mead, Sara, and Ashley LiBetti Mitchel. "Reforming Head Start for the 21st Century: A Policy Prescription." Behavioral Science & Policy 2, no. 1 (April 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/237946151600200104.
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Head Start was born in 1965 as a federal program that aimed to lift America's neediest children out of poverty and enhance their lifetime opportunities. Today Head Start continues to play an important role in our nation's early learning and development system; it serves nearly 1 million children and remains the only preschool option for poor children in many communities. Yet Head Start faces real challenges if it is to remain relevant and competitive in the face of the surge in state-funded prekindergarten (pre-K) programs over the past 25 years. State pre-K programs now serve 1.3 million children and typically spend about half the amount per child that Head Start does, yet the best state pre-K programs achieve better results than does the average Head Start program. And recent federally funded evaluations of Head Start raise serious questions about its long-term effectiveness. In this article, we examine the major actions undertaken by bipartisan policymakers to improve Head Start and propose three distinct prescriptions of our own: (a) Allow Head Start providers and grantees the flexibility to triage the services most needed by children in their program rather than follow the “all services to all kids” mandate that now exists, (b) shift performance measures to focus more on outcomes than on compliance with regulations, and (c) change federal policies so that Head Start grantees can more easily coordinate and integrate with local and state early education services and funding streams.
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Henry, Gary T., Craig S. Gordon, and Dana K. Rickman. "Early Education Policy Alternatives: Comparing Quality and Outcomes of Head Start and State Prekindergarten." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 28, no. 1 (March 2006): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737028001077.
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The debates over the 2003 reauthorization of Head Start highlighted a controversy about the devolution of federal early education policy. At the center of the debate is the concern that state control of early education programs will reduce the quality and effectiveness of federal support for children living in poverty, and their families. The current fragmentation of early education policy, with both federal Head Start programs and state-subsidized prekindergarten programs operating in close proximity, presents an opportunity to compare the programs’ quality and effectiveness within a region of common support. In this study, propensity score techniques were used to match a probability sample of Head Start participants in Georgia with a group of children who were eligible for Head Start but who attended the state prekindergarten program in Georgia. The two groups were statistically similar at the beginning of their preschool year on three of four direct assessments (p < .05), but by the beginning of kindergarten the children attending the state prekindergarten program posted higher developmental outcomes on five of six direct assessments (p < .05) and 14 of 17 ratings by kindergarten teachers (p < .05). This study indicates that economically disadvantaged children who attended Georgia’s universal prekindergarten entered kindergarten at least as well prepared as similar children who attended the Head Start program.
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Moiseev, Maksim V. "Translators and interpreters from eastern languages in the Moscow state at the end of the XV-XVI centuries." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015521-0.
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This article examines the process of formation of the translation service in the Moscow state during the late XV-XVI centuries. The repertoire of Eastern languages available to Moscow translation specialists is analyzed. The author came to the conclusion that among the eastern languages, the main language of negotiations and correspondence was the languages of the Turkic group, and the use of Farsi at this time is questionable. The original form of international communication in the Moscow state was oral, and written communication was considered less honorable and performed an official, auxiliary function. Gradually, at the turn of the XV-XVI, oral communication gave way to the exchange of embassy certificates. After the dispute between the rulers about the language of diplomatic correspondence in 1563, recorded in the Russian-Crimean diplomatic correspondence, the parties returned to the usual practice of exchanging messages and the Crimean Tatar language retained its role as the language of diplomatic communication. Three groups of specialists engaged in cross-language communication are identified. The most elite were the Bakshi translators, who specialized in translating and writing letters. The second group is the interpreters. They accompanied foreign embassies, ensured their communication with the host country, and performed diplomatic functions. The third group is the heads of the villages of the service Tatars, who performed, in addition to their direct duties, the functions of interpreters of oral speech. In the XVI century, tolmachestvo played the role of a launching pad for the children of bakshey and podyachy.