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1
Golenkov, Andrey V. "PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF MURDERS IN CHUVASHIA (2011–2020)." Acta medica Eurasica, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-3-16-23.
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Murders are one of the most important causes of mortality in Russia, and most aggressors suffer from mental disorders. The purpose of the research is to study the structure of mental disorders of murderers and its features in Chuvashia in 2011–2020. Materials and methods. The forensic psychiatric examination examined 507 murderers (409 men and 98 women) aged 15 to 83 years (average age – 40.65±13.82 years). Mental disorders, medical, social and criminal indicators of murderers, as well as 507 victims were taken into account. Results. 474 murders were committed single-handedly, 14 – in a group of 2-4 people; ordinary murders accounted for 96.5%, those with two or more victims – 3.5%. Post-homicidal suicides in aggressors were observed in 2.5%. Mental disorders were qualified in forensic psychiatric examinations in 72.6% of the subjects, most often they were alcohol dependence (20.1%), especially among women (27.6%). Among other mental disorders, personality disorders (13.8%), organic mental disorders (12.8%), schizophrenia (6.3%), mental retardation (2.8%) and comorbid mental disorders (16.8%) were noted. 10.5%, most often patients with schizophrenia and organic mental disorders, are recognized as insane during forensic psychiatric examinations. The instruments (method) of murder in 94% of cases were piercing and cutting objects, "blunt weapons" and strangulation. Women were significantly more likely to use "bladed weapons", and men – to "blunt weapons". More than 40% of the victims were family members, more than 50% were acquaintances, friends, and only 6.3% were strangers. Women were significantly more likely to kill their spouses (unmarried cohabitants etc.) and children, and men – acquaintances. 84.0% of criminals were intoxicated at the time of the murder. Both the aggressor and the victim drank together in 59% of cases. Insane murderers (with pronounced mental disorders) were significantly older, had a lower level of education, family status, hereditary burden of mental disorders, various organic harms, they killed two or more victims more often and committed post-homicidal suicides (7.5%). Conclusions. Almost three–quarters of all murderers had mental disorders, and one in five had mental disorders due to alcohol abuse. The leading cause of the murders was conflicts arising between familiar people and/or family members against the background of alcohol intoxication. A certain role was played by the criminal experience of the participants in the incident, long-term hostile relations, readiness to inflict bodily harm to the victim and murder another person.
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L., J. F. "MOTHERS WHO MURDER THEIR CHILDREN." Pediatrics 98, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.1.a38.
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Goodby My Little Ones by C. Hickey, T. Lighty, and J. O'Brien, Onyx Books, 1996. This recent book, and the three others listed below, should be read by every pediatrician who is in the apnea monitoring business! It describes in detail the confession, trial, and conviction of "Mrs H," who murdered her five children. Two of these cases were reported by Dr A. Steinschneider in 1972, and formed the basis for the hypothesis of sleep apnea as a cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (Pediatrics, 1972). This article started the apnea monitoring "rage" that continues today. The effectiveness of this monitoring in preventing deaths remains unproven despite extensive studies. OTHER BOOKS ON THE SAME SUBJECT: Sleep My Child, Forever by John Coston Mommie's Little Angels by Mary Lou Cavenaugh Precious Victims by Don W. Weber and Charles Bosworth, Jr
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BARRACLOUGH, BRIAN, and E. CLARE HARRIS. "Suicide preceded by murder: the epidemiology of homicide–suicide in England and Wales 1988–92." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 4 (May 2002): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005500.
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Background. We describe for the first time the epidemiology of homicide–suicide incidents for England and Wales. Previous descriptions have been of incidents in London (1946–62) and Yorkshire and Humberside (1975–1992).Methods. Death certificates were obtained for all who died in homicide–suicide incidents in England and Wales (1988–1992) that were reported by the police to the Home Office. Incidents were included in the analysis if the interval between death or fatal injury of victim and suspect was 3 or fewer days.Results. Three hundred and twenty-seven people died in 144 incidents (180 victims and 147 suspects). Eighty per cent of incidents had one victim and one suspect. Three incidents were also suicide pacts between two suspects killing their children. Eighty-eight per cent of incidents exclusively involved members of the same family, 9% acquaintances or strangers, and 3% both family and acquaintances or strangers. Seventy-five per cent of victims were female, 85% of suspects male. The victims of male suspects were predominantly their womenfolk, past and present, and their children, and of female suspects their young children. Car exhaust and firearms accounted for 40% of victim and 50% of suspect deaths. Of all homicides during 1988–1992, 3% of male, 11% of female and 19% of child deaths occurred in homicide–suicide incidents. Similarly, of all suicides, 0·8% of male and 0·4% of female deaths occurred in homicide–suicide incidents.Conclusions. Homicide–suicide in England and Wales is mostly ‘a family matter’, men of predominantly lower social class killing their kin, and pre-menopausal mothers their young children, before they kill themselves. A few men kill strangers during a crime and then themselves.
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Clites, Brian J. "Soul Murder." Exchange 48, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341530.
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Abstract This article explores the Catholic imaginaries of survivors of clergy sexual abuse by focusing on soul murder, a psychoanalytic concept that the survivor movement appropriated and which has now become central to Catholic survivors’ understandings of their trauma as children. Soul murder names the experience of child sexual abuse as the annihilation of a child’s network of relationships and the ongoing loss as adults of basic relational skills such as intimacy and trust. In addition to losing these social networks, clergy abuse victims frequently lose their relationship with God. This article provides examples of survivors’ efforts to resurrect their faith by reimagining and reconstructing their relationships with one another, God, the sacraments, and the Roman Catholic Church. Through their material culture, reform efforts, home liturgies, and protests, survivors embody a Catholic imaginary whose abundance both enabled their childhood abuse and gives meaning to their adult suffering.
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Ariani, Djesi. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor 16/Pid.Sus-Anak/2016/PN.Cbn)." Jurnal Hukum Kaidah: Media Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum dan Masyarakat 19, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jhk.v19i2.2334.
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AbstractChildren are a mandate from God Almighty which is inherent in their dignity as a whole human being. Every child has dignity and value that is worthy of high regard and every child born must have his/her rights without the child's request. The problems in this thesis are: the responsibility of children as perpetrators in criminal acts of premeditated murder in the Indonesian legal system, legal protection against children as perpetrators of criminal offenses planned in District Court Decision Number 16 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2016 / PN.Cbn , the legal considerations of the judges against children as perpetrators of premeditated murder in District Court Decision Number 16 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2016 / PN.Cbn.Legal Protection of Children in Criminal Acts Based on Law Number 11 Year 2012, from the results of the study, it is stated that children who are dealing with the law, including children as victims or children as perpetrators of crime, it is appropriate for children who are in conflict with the law to get legal protection both as the perpetrators or as the victims.Keywords: Criminal Liability, Planned Murder, Children
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Mertin, Peter. "The neglected victims: what (little) we know about child survivors of domestic homicide." Children Australia 44, no. 03 (June 21, 2019): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2019.19.
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AbstractThe murder of a child’s mother in the context of domestic violence is a traumatic experience which results in multiple stresses affecting the child’s emotional, behavioural and educational functioning. In effect, children lose both parents – their mother as victim and their father in jail or also dead from a murder-suicide – as well as their home, neighbourhood and school as they are relocated, either with extended family members or placed into foster care. In addition, extended family members must cope with their own grief and anger as they attempt to parent these troubled children. Evidence from the papers reviewed indicate that there are no guidelines for determining who is best placed for caring for the children and for providing the safety and stability necessary for recovery, nor for ensuring the provision of therapeutic support for child survivors and their families. There is also evidence to indicate that, left untreated, effects can become long-lasting and carry on into adulthood. Policy implications are considered with a focus on multi-agency family-centred advocacy approaches.
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d'Orbán, P. T. "Female homicide." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 1 (March 1990): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700017079.
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AbstractThe incidence, characteristics and patterns of female homicide are reviewed, with special reference to England and Wales. The male:female ratio for homicide offences (7.6) is similar to the ratio for other offences of violence. However, murder is almost exclusively committed by men, and in the 1980's the annual average of female murder convictions was only 6.5 per annum. By contrast, females relatively more often commit homicide offences related to mental disorder (diminished responsibility manslaughter and infanticide). Women have a better chance of acquittal of murder and are more likely to be dealt with by a Probation Order than imprisonment. About 80% of the victims of female homicide are family members; 40-45% kill their children and about one-third kill their spouse or lover. The patterns of female filicide and parricide are reviewed. Further research is required into patterns of spouse-murder.
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Dunjic, Bojana, Nadja Maric, Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic, and Dusan Dunjic. "Parricide: Psychiatric morbidity." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 11-12 (2008): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0812635d.
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INTRODUCTION Parricide is defined as a murder of parents by their children; the patricide is murder of father, while matricide is murder of mother. This entity is classified as homicide, but it differs in the fact that victims are parents and the killers are their children. Mostly, it is associated with psychiatric morbidity. OBJECTIVE To describe sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics of parricide committers and to analyze circumstances of parricide and psychiatric morbidity in order to achieve better recognition and prevention of risks. METHOD This retrospective study included all homicide autopsy records (1991-2005) performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Belgrade. For further analyses, all parricide records were selected out. The study analyzed all available parameters, which concerned parricide committers, victims and the act itself. Methods of descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS Between 1991 and 2005, there were 948 cases of homicide; of these, 3.5% were parricides. The committers of parricide were on average 31.2?11.9 years old, 87.8% were males, 60.6% with psychiatric symptoms most commonly with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, personality disorder etc. Victims were on average 63.7?11.9 years old, 54.5% males, and 21.2% had a diagnosed mental illness. CONCLUSION Parricide is a rare kind of homicide accounting for 3% of all homicides. Committers are mostly unemployed males in early adulthood who have mental disorder. The phenomenon of parricide deserves a detailed analysis of the committer (individual bio-psycho-social profile) and the environ- mental factors (family, closely related circumstances) to enable a precise prediction of the act and prevention of the fatal outcome, which logically imposes the need of further studies.
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Narayanan, A. E. "A machine learning based ‘wearable depression, anxiety and somatisation monitoring IOT system (WDASMS)’ for the prevention of suicides." Applied and Computational Engineering 20, no. 11 (December 20, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/20/ojs/20231064.
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Tamil Nadu reportedly is the alternate loftiest rates of pupil self-murder in India. According to report from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2020, about 46 people failed each day by self-murder in the state; further than two of these victims each day were scholars. The government of India’s domestic seminaries for meritorious pastoral children have reportedly witnessed 49 self-murders in just five times and half of the children who killed themselves on the premises were Dalits and Adivasis, Educationalists point at the pressure mounted on scholars for marks and competitive examinations as one of the main reasons. Utmost seminaries have councillors but going to the council has a smirch about it still. Domestic seminaries where these cases are passing more need to be covered more. Children dying by self-murder due to academic pressure are unheard of in other countries. Utmost of the A huge number of enquiries revealed depression and anxiety to be implicit risk factors for self-murder. Heart health is good among students between the ages of 15 and 25. A few physiological parameters are altered by anxiety and depression. Hence, current pulsation is the symptom for psychiatric diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that mental reasons, most frequently anxiety, depression, and somatoform illnesses, are present in cases with pulsation. Psychiatric problems like anxiety and somatization are linked to palpitation. A study found that individuals with high levels of both depression and anxiety are 54.77 times more likely to commit suicide, which is a significant increase above individuals with either high levels of anxiety or depression (2.46). (26.32).. Naturally students studying +2 and preparing for high marks are in under depression and it's dragged for two times. When the examinations are nearing and the results are nearing, the combined depression and anxiety factor increases the threat for committing self-murders for84.5. Hence, a system with literacy and decision making medium is needed to constantly monitor the students to take prompt conduct. A wearable IoT device transmits with scholars Id, the pulsation position constantly to the fellow knot. Logistic Retrogression machine literacy algorithm is used for decision making grounded on the probability of circumstance. The authorities are informed in their widgets and prompt conduct can be taken. This system will be more applicable to the boarding seminaries, where the children are far down from their parents and the number of self-murders are high particularly among +2 grade. This system can be used for colourful communities, where the working culture gives depression and anxiety.
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Narayanan, A. E., D. Vijayadharshini, P. Ruthrabala, and A. S. Ajay. "A machine learning based wearable depression, anxiety and somatisation monitoring IOT system (WDASMS) for the prevention of suicides." Applied and Computational Engineering 20, no. 1 (October 23, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/20/20231064.
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Tamil Nadu reportedly is the alternate loftiest rates of pupil self-murder in India. According to report from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2020, about 46 people failed each day by self-murder in the state; further than two of these victims each day were scholars. The government of Indias domestic seminaries for meritorious pastoral children have reportedly witnessed 49 self-murders in just five times and half of the children who killed themselves on the premises were Dalits and Adivasis, Educationalists point at the pressure mounted on scholars for marks and competitive examinations as one of the main reasons. Utmost seminaries have councillors but going to the council has a smirch about it still. Domestic seminaries where these cases are passing more need to be covered more. Children dying by self-murder due to academic pressure are unheard of in other countries. Utmost of the A huge number of enquiries revealed depression and anxiety to be implicit risk factors for self-murder. Heart health is good among students between the ages of 15 and 25. A few physiological parameters are altered by anxiety and depression. Hence, current pulsation is the symptom for psychiatric diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that mental reasons, most frequently anxiety, depression, and somatoform illnesses, are present in cases with pulsation. Psychiatric problems like anxiety and somatization are linked to palpitation. A study found that individuals with high levels of both depression and anxiety are 54.77 times more likely to commit suicide, which is a significant increase above individuals with either high levels of anxiety or depression (2.46). (26.32).. Naturally students studying +2 and preparing for high marks are in under depression and it's dragged for two times. When the examinations are nearing and the results are nearing, the combined depression and anxiety factor increases the threat for committing self-murders for84.5. Hence, a system with literacy and decision making medium is needed to constantly monitor the students to take prompt conduct. A wearable IoT device transmits with scholars Id, the pulsation position constantly to the fellow knot. Logistic Retrogression machine literacy algorithm is used for decision making grounded on the probability of circumstance. The authorities are informed in their widgets and prompt conduct can be taken. This system will be more applicable to the boarding seminaries, where the children are far down from their parents and the number of self-murders are high particularly among +2 grade. This system can be used for colourful communities, where the working culture gives depression and anxiety.
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Dewi, Ida Ayu Made Wahyuni, I. Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. "Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan oleh Ibu Terhadap Anak Kandung (Studi Putusan No. 80/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Gianyar)." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.3.1.4619.22-25.
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The crime of murder is an act against the law that has the aim of taking a person's life, children can also become victims. This study aims to examine the regulation of the crime of murder by a mother against her biological child in Decision No. 80/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Gin and examine the judge's considerations in making a decision against the perpetrator of the crime of murder by the mother of her biological child in decision No. 80/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Gin. This research is designed with a normative research approach to legislation and a case approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary legal data obtained from several related sources using field observation and documentation techniques, then the data is processed and analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results show that the regulation of the crime of murder by a mother against her child is regulated in Article 80 paragraph (3), (4) of Law No. 35 of 2014 Amendment to Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection regarding violence against children that causes death. The judge's consideration in making the decision No. 80/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Gin, the judge considered the legal facts obtained from the defendant, witnesses and evidence.
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van den Brink, Yannick, and Nessa Lynch. "Beyond the Life Sentence – A Children’s Rights Lens on Sentencing for Murder." International Journal of Children’s Rights 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 972–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29040001.
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Abstract Children around the world who have been found responsible for murder continue to be sentenced to indeterminate or long periods of detention. This is in contravention of children’s rights standards which urge a ban on the life sentence and require that detention is used only for the shortest appropriate period of time. Nonetheless, the public and victims of crime have a legitimate interest in the protection of public safety and appropriate accountability for serious offending. Further, there is little guidance on what a rights compliant approach in such cases might involve. This work builds on previous studies of how children are sentenced for murder across the common law world and extends the analysis to a selection of European civil law jurisdictions. It explores and applies recent updated guidance from the Committee on the Rights of the Child and seeks to develop a framework for a children’s rights and human rights compliant approach to such cases.
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Allen, Terry, Sonia Salari, and Glen Buckner. "Homicide Illustrated Across the Ages: Graphic Depictions of Victim and Offender Age, Sex, and Relationship." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 3-4 (November 23, 2018): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318812347.
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Objective: A total of 34 years of FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports were examined using statistical graphics to illustrate patterns across ages, by sex, and victim/offender relationships (intimate partner [IP], other family, acquaintance, or stranger). Method: An innovative fourfold display and victim/sex-specific scatterplots with overlaid deviation ellipses determine the age/sex patterns for each relationship. Results: We illustrate numerous acquaintance killings among young men and improve our understanding of predictors by sex, relationship, and circumstances in mid/later life. Male victims of strangers are either older with young male offenders or vice versa. Female acquaintance and stranger homicides are rare. Within families, older male parents are killed by adult offspring, but rarely by IP. The majority of elder femicide is perpetrated by IP or other family. Discussion: U.S. murder rates are rising, and we found children from 6 to 12 years were least likely to die by homicide. Elder femicide risk from IP and other kin indicated danger from within the home.
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Fegadel, Averi R., and Kathleen M. Heide. "Offspring-Perpetrated Familicide." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15589091.
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The majority of studies examining familicide involve the male head of the family killing his wife or intimate partner and children. Little research exists on familicide cases involving children killing one or both parents plus other family members (siblings, grandparents, etc.). This study used the National Incident-Based Reporting System, which currently contains arrest data for about 25% of the U.S. population, to examine familicide incidents perpetrated by adult and juvenile offenders over the 20-year period from 1991 to 2010. Fourteen cases of familicide involving two different family victim types were identified. None of these cases involved multiple offenders. Frequencies reported include victim, offender, and incident characteristics. The typical familicide offender was a White male approximately 26 years of age. Firearms predominated as murder weapons in these incidents; however, when a biological mother was one of the victims, offenders used more diverse methods. Only one case of familicide involved a female offender. Newspapers were searched to supplement available case information. Findings from this study were similar to cases identified by Liem and Reichelmann as “extended parricide cases” in their familicide study using Supplementary Homicide Report data. Study limitations, implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Freire, Danilo, and David Skarbek. "Vigilantism and Institutions: Understanding Attitudes toward Lynching in Brazil." Research & Politics 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 205316802211503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20531680221150389.
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Why do people support extrajudicial violence? In two survey experiments with respondents in Brazil, we examine which characteristics of lynching scenarios garner greater support for lynching and whether providing different types of information about lynching reduces support for it. We find that people often do support community members to take vengeance. In particular, our analysis finds that people strongly support the use of extrajudicial violence by families of victims against men who sexually assault and murder women and children. We also find that criminal punishment and the threat of vendettas reduce support, but appeals to the human rights of victims have zero effect on support for lynchings. Unlike the U.S. experience with lynchings, race was not observed to play an important role in how respondents answered the survey.
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Frost, Ginger S. "“Such a Poor Finish”." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 42, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2016.420306.
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Historians usually analyze changing gender constructions in the criminal courts after World War I through cases involving men and women. Using a different analytical lens this article explores two well-publicized murder trials involving war veterans and illegitimate children, one of a soldier who murdered his wife’s daughter from an adulterous affair and one who killed his own son. Although notions of masculinity had changed, the police, courts, and Home Office used traditional factors to assess punishments, including the degree of provocation, the behavior of the women involved, and the issue of deterrence. The press, however, was more sympathetic to the veterans, regarding them as victims of circumstances, much like women who committed infanticide. This new presentation did not succeed with the Home Office, especially as the war moved further into the past. By 1925, men’s war service had less influence on punishment than Victorian ideas of gender and criminal responsibility.
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Lemarchand, René. "Bearing Witness to Mass Murder." African Studies Review 48, no. 3 (December 2005): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0025.
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The third day after leaving Tingi-Tingi we began to pass the bodies of the dead and the dying.… My eye fell on a teenager hardly sixteen years old. Like the others she was lying at the side of the road, her large eyes open.… A cloud of flies swarmed around her. Ants and other forest insects crawled around her mouth, nose, eyes and ears. They began to devour her before she had taken her last breath. The death rattle that from time to time escaped her lips showed that she was not yet dead. All who passed by glanced at her and then took up their conversation where they had left off. I stood in a daze in front of this sixteen-year-old girl, lying in agony by the side of the road in die middle of the equatorial forest more than five hundred kilometers from home. As in 1993, when I heard about the extermination of my mother's family, as in 1994, when I saw the burned houses, the fear in the eyes of the fleeing Tutsi, and the arrogance and the hate in the faces of their executioners, as in 1995 when I saw pictures of women and children assassinated by the RPF in the camps at Birava, I was overcome by revulsion. What crime had all these victims committed to deserve such a death?Marie Béatrice Umutesi, Surviving the SlaughterIn the “witness literature” on the Great Lakes, Marie Béatrice Umutesi's wrenching narrative surpasses all others by its searing, intensely personal quality. She bears testimony to an almost forgotten tragedy: Between October 1996 and September 1997, hundreds of thousands of Hutu refugees lost their lives in the course of a massive manhunt carried out by Rwandan-backed rebels and units of the Rwandan army.
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Thompson, Sherry A., and Brooke Thompson. "Youthful parricide: child abuse is not the primary motivator (invited paper)." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-12-2018-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to share nascent theory, suggesting there are five types of parricide offenders. The old theories are not valid: child abuse is not the primary motivator for parricide events. Design/methodology/approach This research draws on archival data derived from public sources (i.e. court records, offender statements, newspapers, etc.). Findings Child abuse is not the primary motivator for youthful parricide events. However, it appears to remain a factor in the parricide equation. The Good Child Postulate romanticizes youthful parricide offenders and could introduce potentially harmful positive bias into investigations, trials and treatment. The nascent theory suggests the five fatal personality clusters for youthful parricide offenders. Research limitations/implications The identified clusters are still being developed and statistically validated. More research and analysis is needed to delimit, refine and verify the five fatal personality types of parricide offenders and to create a clear, cohesive theory. Practical implications Murder in general has decreased over the past decade, parricides have not. A better understanding of the phenomena may help to slow the rate of parricide events. Law enforcement, natal families and the courts can help to improve rehabilitative outcomes if children could be recognized as the type of killer they are and treated differently during the investigative and defense phases of their cases. For example, if parents are placed on trial (i.e. are used by defense to mitigate/excuse the murders), some types of children will adopt the defense arguments laid out in court and feel no need for rehabilitation at all. Families of the murdered parents can come to a better understanding of what has happened – allowing them to grieve without being forced to defend the murder of their love one. This research serves as further correction for the promulgation of the notion that all parents who are victims of youthful parricide abused the perpetrator, thereby causing their own deaths. This does occur on occasion, but is not a complete picture of the phenomenon. Social implications Although murder, in general, has decreased over the past decade, parricides have not. The standing typology stymies fresh research and researcher’s abilities to explore models that may help to teach parents, law enforcement and other caring members of society how to prevent parricides in the future. Additionally, the Good Child Postulate works to create positive bias in the courtroom as attorneys for well-off, white children can easily build an imperfect defense for a population that is not actually the abused population. This has many social justice implications. Originality/value This information can be utilized by law enforcement, attorneys, the courts, parents and the prisons/therapeutic settings to better meet the needs of the youthful parricide offender.
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Vartiainen, Turo. "Referential NPs as subtle expressions of attitude in infanticide trials, 1674–1775." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2017-1006.
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AbstractThis article discusses how victims of infanticide were portrayed in the Proceedings of the Old Bailey in 1674–1775. More specifically, the study focuses on the use of lexical NPs as subtle foregrounding devices in the trial accounts. It is argued that the use of a prosodically prominent lexical NP in a place where a topical and a highly accessible referent could naturally be expressed by an unstressed pronoun may not be emotionally or attitudinally neutral; rather, I will argue that by repeatedly using lexical NPs, the trial participants were able to express sympathy and solidarity to the victims in a very subtle way by making the referent more discourse-prominent and emphasising the victims’ young age by using head nouns like child and infant. The data will mainly be discussed from a diachronic perspective, and the results show that as most women convicted of infanticide in the eighteenth century were acquitted, the frequency of lexical NPs used in reference to the deceased children increased. The overuse of lexical NPs is particularly prominent in the trials where the woman was found guilty of the crime, suggesting a possible connection between the degree of violence used in the murder and the kinds of NPs the trial participants used to refer to the deceased children as subtle indications of sympathy.
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Oxburgh, Gavin, James Ost, Paul Morris, and Julie Cherryman. "Police officers’ perceptions of interviews in cases of sexual offences and murder involving children and adult victims." Police Practice and Research 16, no. 1 (October 16, 2013): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.849595.
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Owusu, Emmanuel Sarpong. "The Superstition that Maims the Vulnerable: Establishing the Magnitude of Witchcraft-Driven Mistreatment of Children and Older Women in Ghana." International Annals of Criminology 58, no. 2 (November 2020): 253–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2020.26.
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AbstractWitchcraft-triggered violence is widespread in contemporary African societies. This study establishes the magnitude and identifies the principal features, motivations and socio-cultural contexts of witchcraft-driven mistreatment of children and older women in Ghana. It achieves this aim by embarking on an in-depth analysis of cases of witchcraft-related abuse publicised in three renowned local Ghanaian media outlets between 2014 and 2020 and comparing the results with the findings of extant empirical studies. The data support the view that witchcraft-fuelled abuse is endemic in Ghana, and the worst victims are children and older women of low socio-economic background. It demonstrates that the commonest forms of mistreatment and violence resulting from belief in witchcraft are murder and torture (perpetrated with various weapons/tools), forcible confinement and enslavement, neglect and child labour. The most dominant motivations for such violations are the suspicion that the alleged witches are responsible for family or community members’ death or illness and the supposed victims’ economic or financial predicament. The study stresses the need to criminalise witchcraft accusations and bring pastors and traditional spiritualists under closer scrutiny since many witchcraft allegations and the ensuing persecutions are largely encouraged by their dubious activities.
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Midson, Brenda. "Innocent Victims and Vulnerable Offenders: Defending Impaired Adults Who Kill Children." Journal of Criminal Law 83, no. 5 (July 11, 2019): 352–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018319858505.
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There are few societies in which child abuse is not a serious issue, with homicide being the extreme form of such victimisation. Child homicide occurs in a wide array of circumstances but there is enough anecdotal evidence to suggest that many offenders who kill children are suffering from sometimes quite acute mental distress. There may also be other factors impacting on an offender’s ability to think rationally, which may not amount to any recognised disorder. While it is imperative that we prosecute and prevent child homicide, in doing so we must avoid overlooking the realities of other vulnerable people. In rejecting a binary approach to victims and offenders, this article argues that sometimes offenders may also be vulnerable due to an impaired ability to reason or to act in a truly voluntary way. New Zealand has repealed the defence of provocation and, apart from infanticide, offers no mitigation by way of diminished responsibility. Offenders who commit child homicide, but who do not meet the legal definition of insanity, will be liable for murder even though their capacity may have been impaired or overborne by circumstances. While, in this regard, New Zealand law is particularly deficient, there is an argument that other jurisdictions also fail to adequately respond to vulnerable offenders who kill children. This article seeks to outline the failures in existing legal frameworks to assign legal responsibility for these vulnerable offenders in a way that corresponds with their moral culpability. The article will then identify and evaluate proposals for reform. As Ulbrick and others observe, in the context of arguments about defensive homicide and mentally impaired defendants, it is critical that we ‘advocate for a greater range of legal responses to cover the nuance and complexities of lethal violence’ (Madeleine Ulbrick, Asher Flynn and Danielle Tyson ‘The Abolition of Defensive Homicide: A Step Towards Populist Punitivism at the Expense of Mentally Impaired Offenders’ (2016) 40 Melb Univ Law Rev 324, 330).
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Siregar, Rosmida Wati, and Ihsan Helmi Lubis. "Penerapan Teori Diversi Terhadap Kasus Anak Ditinjau Dari Hukum Pidana Islam." Jurnal El-Thawalib 3, no. 6 (December 27, 2022): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/el-thawalib.v3i6.6665.
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The problem in this study is the application of diversion at the Padangsidimpuan Police Station in terms of Islamic Criminal Law. The type of research used in this research is field research, using a Juridical Empirical approach, primary data sources are Padangsidimpuan City Police investigators and secondary data sources are books, journals and others. Data collection techniques used consisted of interviews, observation, and documentation. Qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study are the application of diversion efforts at the Padangsidimpuan City Police has not been fully implemented in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System by taking into account the best interests of children (victims and suspects), the parties invited for diversion include: victims and family, suspect and family, BAPAS, Bapemas, institutions or social organizations accompanying children. Islamic Criminal Law Review In Islah, criminal acts that cannot be pursued are criminal acts that fall into the Hudud category such as adultery, accusing adultery, alcohol, apostasy and rebellion. Apart from these categories, peaceful means can be taken even if it involves serious crimes such as murder and so on. While in diversion, the benchmark is the period of confinement. Peace efforts can be pursued while threatened with imprisonment under 7 years and not a recidivist.
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Putu Ayu Devi Laxsmi, I Ketut Sukadana, and I Nyoman Sujana. "Pembunuhan Anak oleh Ibu Kandung yang di Bawah Umur." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.2.1.3066.188-192.
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A phenomenon of the occurrence of criminal acts committed by children with various and various cases and characteristics that have not been able to account for their actions legally, which in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System, is intended to provide protection and protection for children in to welcome his long-term future, but besides children as victims of criminal acts, it is possible for children to be criminals. Therefore, how is the judge's judgment in imposing a criminal sentence on a child who commits a criminal act of murder in Decision Number: 18/Pid.Sus.Anak/2016/PN. Dps? And what is the criminal sanction imposed by the judge on the perpetrator of the crime of murder the Number: 18 /Pid.Sus.Anak/2016/PN. Dps. In this study the author uses the Normative research method through his study of literature studies, while the problem approach in this study uses a legislative approach that analyzes legislation and uses a conceptual approach that analyzes problems with legal concepts from books and literature and approaches the case. The results of this study are Judges in considering criminal cases Number: 18/Pid.Sus.Anak /2016/PN. DPS, which is carried out by children because the perpetrators of criminal offenses are still underage, and have never committed an unlawful act before and promised not to repeat other violations of law. And Based on the case of killing a child as referred to in case Number: 18/Pid.Sus.Anak/2016 /PN. DPS, the coercion of criminal sanctions is not applied, but the implementation of Diversion lead on number 11 of 2012 concerning juvenile justyce sistem and in paragraph (2) letters a and b must be sought for Diversion, with terms and conditions Parents are willing to maintain, guide and supervise their children so that they will not repeat their actions.
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Faustina, Azalia Elian, and Martoyo Martoyo. "Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pelaku Deelneming Pembunuhan Berencana Terhadap Anak di Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar." Rechtenstudent 3, no. 3 (January 11, 2023): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/rch.v3i3.187.
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Participation Murder (Delneeming) is a murder that contains various forms of physical or non-physical involvement of a person or group in carrying out a behavior or activity that creates a criminal act. However, in this case, problems often arise regarding accompaniment homicide, especially in court when judges consider the issue of accompaniment homicide from the point of view of the Criminal Law Act. The focus of the problems studied in this study are: 1.) How is the case for the perpetrators of deelneming/involvement of premeditated murder against children in the decision Number 864/PID.B-2015.PN.DPS at the Denpasar Bali District Court? 2.) Ratio Decidendi in the case of the crime of premeditated murder against children in decision number 864/PID.B-2015.PN DPS at the Denpasar Bali District Court 3.) Legal consequences for the establishment of sanctions for perpetrators of premeditated murder against children in decision number 864/ PID.B-2015.PN DPS at the Denpasar Bali District Court. The results of this study include: 1.) The chronology of the motive for assisting the murder carried out by Agustay as the defendant to the victim Angeline with the excuse of helping the main perpetrator Margarieth in exchange for a gift and hiding the problem from anyone. 2.) There is a judge's legal consideration which states that the defendant's brother was sentenced to 10 years in prison for the consideration of helping premeditated murder and burying the body with the intention of concealing the death 3.) In the legal consequences there is the formation of sanctions by the judge which contains irrelevant between the Indonesian judicial system and regulations the applicable legislation, among others, the decisions by the panel of judges and the regulations contained in article 57 of the Criminal Code and the absence of legal certainty because from a logical point of view there is a conflict with legal norms that can cause problems.
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Alodia, Delvina, Jesslyn Lie, and Vini Anggreini. "KEJAHATAN PEDOFILIA SEBAGAI PERILAKU MENYIMPANG DAN UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUMNYA." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v2i2.1060.
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Pedophilia is an obsession with children as sex objects. Overt acts, including taking sexual explicit photographs, molesting children, and exposing one's genitalia to children are all crimes. The problem with these crimes is that pedophilia is also treated as a mental illness, and the pedophiles are often released only to repeat the crimes or escalate the activity to the level of murder. This caused for the victims, in this case the children, and their families to feel insecure as there are still chances that the culprit is still targeting them. And there is also the physical and mental trauma that the children suffer as a result of the illicit act. Therefore pedophilia should be addressed seriously as the lives of children are at stake. Many regulations have been created in order to decrease this crime, but with technology’s rapid growth and increase of pedophilia communities that can be found all over the internet, it seems like it would be a long way before the crime could be eradicated completely. Because of that the government along with several other authority figures would occasionally search for sanctions that will hopefully decrease the number of pedophiles.
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Abramovskiy, Aleksandr A. "Children — Victims of Cannibalism (based on the materials of the Chelyabinsk governorate of the early 20s of the XX century)." Victimology 10, no. 3 (July 13, 2023): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-3-303-312.
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Under the extreme conditions of famine in the early 20s of the twentieth century, there appeared a new criminal wrongdoing, which had never existed in the Urals before — not just murder, but depriving somebody of life in order to eat the body of the murdered, including children . In the Verkhneuralsky County, cannibalism had become almost a commonplace, there were 13 such facts registered in the Chernigov Cossack village, 11 such facts registered in Velikopetrovskaya, 5 in Magnitnaya, 5 in the Polotsk village, and “mass corpse-eating”was registered in Kizelskaya . Cannibalism also spread to other parts of the governorate . One of the egregious facts of child cannibalism was recorded in the Nasledninskaya Cossack village of the Troitsky County . In the province, there was the following number of cases of cannibalism registered in the three most hunger-bitten counties: Verkhneuralsky — 84, Troitsk — 5, Miass — 7 . There are 98 facts in total in the governorate . The scope of cannibalism frightened and forced the executive committee on March 7, 1922 to consider the issue “On the fight in the Chelyabgubernia against cases of cannibalism, corpse-eating, selling the flesh of human beings and selling products from it in the form of pies, etc . on the market” Speaking about the role of the court in suppressing this wrongdoing, we note that the competence of the special session included the issue of considering cannibalism cases . Hunger, and as a result cannibalism, spread throughout the country, and caused a certain brutality of the population . The recurrence of cannibalism in the Chelyabinsk region arose during the hunger-bitten war years, for the first time such facts were recorded in 1943
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Miceli, Barbara. "Infanticide and the Symbolism of Evil in Joyce Carol Oates’s “Dear Husband”." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 29/1 (2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.29.1.05.
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In 2001, a Texan housewife, Andrea Yates, drowned her five children in a bathtub, claiming that she had killed them to save them from evil. Her life sentence for murder was later suspended, and Yates was transferred to a psychiatric facility. In 2009, Joyce Carol Oates published the short story “Dear Husband,” inspired by the Yates case. The author structured her story as a letter which Lauri Lynn writes to her husband to confess to the murder of their five children before she takes her life. The aim of this article is to analyze the story using the categories elaborated by Paul Ricoeur to define evil and its symbolism and to try to answer the question: is Andrea Yates/Lauri Lynn a villain or a victim?
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Urbanus, Urbanus. "Peran Orang Tua Kristen dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak Menghadapi Degradasi Moral di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 7 Pontianak." Jurnal Kala Nea 1, no. 01 (May 14, 2020): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.61295/kalanea.v1i01.51.
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Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the role of Christian parents in shaping the character of children facing moral degradation. The current phenomenon of children's delinquency leads to moral degradation. This is evident in the fact that children are no longer victims but also perpetrators. The emergence of cases of vandalism, brawl, harassment, rape and even murder committed by children, shows the weakness of moral education in Indonesia. There are two main factors that influence the internal and external. Therefore there is a need for synergy between parents, teachers and the community to educate children. In addition to moral education in the family and community, the school is a partner of parents to educate and instill moral values for children in school. Parents have a big part in shaping the character of children to become moral individuals. This research is here to help parents by offering steps to be able to teach moral values to children. The author uses descriptive methods so that readers can see a picture of the results of research as a whole. The role of parents to overcome the moral degradation of children in the family includes education from the mother's womb, the way a child learns in the family and the five stages of acquisition of values and behavior.
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Hasuri, Hasuri. "Restorative Justice Bagi Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan dalam Perspektif Pidana Islam." Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/ajudikasi.v2i1.575.
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The settlement of criminal cases by using the punishment method for the perpetrators (retributive) is not effective enaough and it is not become deterrent for the perpetrators but they more expert in doing criminal acts, moreover the perpetrators are children under the age that they are unstable in psychiatric and very easy to imitate the negative behavior gained in jail. Many methods of punishment offered by experts to change conventional punishment methods one of them is using the Restorative Justice, the concept of punishment is by involving the victim's family efforts not only focus on giving suffering to the perpetrator but also healing the injuries suffered by the victim and the victim's family. This study focuses on the concept of Restorative Justice for children involved in criminal acts of murder in Islamic criminal studies, and find the differences in the application of Restorative Justice in the provision of a positive legal system in Indonesia with Islamic criminal law.
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Sakhatova, Samal. "BULLYING AMONG MINORS AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF THE FORMATION OF THE CRIMINAL’S PERSONALITY." Review of Law Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2021.5.4./iuov8516.
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Today bullying is one of the most common phenomena in schools around the world. To date, there is no single definition of school bullying in science. In the article, the author examines several common scientific opinions, deducing characteristic common points of contact. Focuses on the types of bullying, and also gives a classification to bullying participants. In addition, the author presents his interpretation of the definition of “bullying”. Reflecting on the consequences of bullying, he comes to the conclusion that bullying causes enormous damage to any of its participants. The negative consequences include a violation of social adaptation, a high level of anxiety, which entails depression in the victims, as well as feelings of impunity in the aggressor. In this regard, in modern criminology, bullying is actively studied as a phenomenon of prerequisites and a factor contributing to the commission of juvenile delinquency. The article also focuses on two facts of long-term dangerous consequences of bullying, such as the mass murder of children at school committed by victims of bullying, as well as suicides among minors. Thus, the author emphasizes the emerging need for the state to take measures aimed at preventing and controlling the manifestation of such socially negative aspects as bullying, bullying among children. Also by adopting appropriate amendments to the administrative and criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Irham, Mohammad, Andi Muhammad Rusdi, and Hidayati Hidayati. "Law Enforcement for Perpetrators of Sexual Harassment of Elementary School Students from a Criminal Justice Perspective." Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jii.v3i3.4746.
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The rule of law is applied to perpetrators of sexual harassment against students who will be punished. This study aims to provide a deterrent effect to perpetrators of sexual harassment so as not to do it again, prevent others from doing it, and provide justice to victims of sexual harassment. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Perpetrators of sexual harassment against children in Cimacan State Elementary School, Cianjur Regency are the variables studied. This research has obtained an approval letter from the Cianjur District Education Office. Sampling also involved the parents of the school students. The results showed that the government of the Republic of Indonesia made Law number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection to protect children in Indonesia. Articles 46, 47, and 48 of Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence regulate law enforcement against perpetrators of sexual abuse against children, including fines and imprisonment for a minimum of three years and a maximum of fifteen years. Several articles in the Criminal Code regulate law enforcement against perpetrators of sexual abuse against children, such as Adultery; Rape; Murder; and Molestation.
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Steinschneider, Alfred. "PROLONGED APNEA AND THE SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS." Pediatrics 93, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.6.944.
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A 25-Year Trail to Murder Charges—... The first suspicions were raised in 1985 by Dr. Linda Norton, a former medical examiner for Dallas County, Texas, and an expert on pediatric pathology, who had been a consultant in the VanDerSluys case. "You may have a serial killer in Syracuse," she told the prosecutor in giving him a copy of an October 1972 article in Pediatrics (1972;50(4)) called "Prolonged Apnea and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Observations." In the report Dr. Steinschneider described his work with the syndrome and how two children in a family plagued with the affliction had died within hours of their release from his Syracuse research project. In his paper, Dr. Steinschneider concluded that the family, which he still identifies only as "H," showed that victims suffered from real if almost undetectable physical abnormalities. In a proposal that was radical then but is now accepted, he suggested that the syndrome had a genetic component and was therefore inherited. He suggested that scientists could identify the abnormalities and thereby devise a warning system. "But the paper indicated a more sinister possibility to Dr. John F. Hick of Minnesota. In a letter to the journal, he wrote that the case offered "circumstantial evidence suggesting a critical role for the mother in the death of her children." (See below.) But his warning was dismissed, until Mr. Fitzpatrick read the paper 15 years later. "The medical records described two happy, healthy, perfectly normal kids," he said. "It convinced me that these children were murdered."
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LAMA, Voltisa, and Ortenca VISHA. "Narratives of Albanian female offenders who killed their intimate partners during 2010-2014. Case report series." Medicus 4, no. 1 (2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/kdcc6046.
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Introduction: Most homicide perpetrators in Albania (according to data from Tirana Central Prison Directory, 2015) were males (n=1170) and only 20 were females. Intimate partner homicides comprise the largest category of female-perpetrated homicide, 8 out of 20 female offenders were convicted because of intimate partner homicide. Aims: The present study examined the life experiences of Albanian women, who are serving prison sentences for killing their male intimates between 2010 and 2014. “We are here due to a damned minute!” said one of the women blaming the triggering event. Several psychosocial factors that are hidden can interact in the chain of events that may extend back from a triggering event to long-term processes that began in their childhood. These case studies shed light on those direct or indirect factors contributing to the murder. Method: On July 2015 the convicted women responded to open-ended interview questions, providing narrative accounts of their personal experiences from childhood to the act of killing. Questions were related to childhood experiences, relations and possible support from their biological family, possible traumatic events, relations to former partners, family dynamics with the murdered partner and children, attitudes toward their duties in the family and children’s responsibilities, insight for the causes of murder, social systems they looked for help, their feelings, circumstances and motivational contexts of intimate homicide, as well as regret. Results: Our in-depth interviews revealed that there was a similar profile of female homicide offenders who killed their intimate partners: they were grown up in harsh psychosocial circumstances during their childhood, most of them having some type of trauma, economically disadvantaged families, victims of abuse, undereducated, with limited opportunities and unemployed in the long-term prior to being incarcerated. The findings suggest that those psychosocial factors have played a role in the commitment of the crime.
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Jun, Myung-Hee, Jung A. Park, and Judae Lee. "Analysis of Crime Articles Related Gaslighting: Focusing on Text Mining and Content Analysis." Korean Academy Welfare Counseling 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20497/jwce.2024.13.1.217.
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This study aims to analyze the main keywords and themes of criminal cases related to gaslighting through text mining techniques, and to reveal the characteristics of articles containing the concept of gaslighting through content analysis of individual case articles on gaslighting. To this end, 710 criminal case articles searched for 'gaslighting' as a topic in 11 major daily newspapers in Korea from 2019 to 2023 were analyzed using text mining techniques such as word clouding and topic modeling, and the contents of the cases were presented through content analysis. As a result of topic modeling these incidents, they were organized into four topics: 'Valley murders', 'Minor abuse and sexual crimes', 'Sexual assault by authority', and 'Sports and celebrity-related incidents', which were reported the most. By analyzing the content of articles centered around the same incidents, a total of 118 criminal cases were extracted. The main types of crimes were sexual crimes, accounting for 60%, followed by murder, assault, fraud, and others. Further, when categorizing the relationship between perpetrators and victims, it was found that crimes occurred mainly in workplace relationships, romantic relationships, family relationships (parents-children, spouses, siblings), and priestly relationships. This reaffirmed that such crimes utilizing psychological manipulation and domination occur in existing intimate relationships. Based on the analysis results, directions, and implications for future research on domestic gaslighting crimes were suggested.
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Grakhotskiy, A. P. "The Trial of Wilhelm Doering: “Public Interest” and Shooting of Mentally Handicapped Children in Shumyachi." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.122.1.011-022.
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In May 1961, the German law enforcement agencies detained Wilhelm Doering, the commander of one of the mobile squads of Einzatzkommando. The perpetrator was charged with the organization of the slaughter of the Jewish population in a number of settlements in Belarus and Russia, as well as the slaughter of mentally handicapped children in the village of Shumyachi (Smolensk region). Following two trials (1962—1964) W. Doering was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment. The former Nazi managed to avoid responsibility for organizing the slaughter of 16 disabled children living in the Shumyachian boarding house. The Court qualified the offence under consideration as a “second-degree murder”, under which the statute of limitations had expired. In fact, the German judiciary laid the blame for the slaughter of children on the Soviet authorities that “left the children in a helpless state” and the Nazi criminals were characterized as guardians of “public interest” who, by killing children, saved the Russian population and German servicemen from the epidemic. The court verdict never mentioned that, in the Third Reich, the slaughter of mentally ill children was common practice; the crime in Shumyachi was taken out of general context of Nazi atrocities related to the implementation of the “child euthanasia programs.” The verdict handed down to W. Doering was a fact of blatant injustice and trampling upon the memory of thousands of children victims of Nazism.
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Konczewski, Paweł, Katarzyna Martewicz, Łukasz Orlicki, Jacek Szczurowski, Radosław Biel, Katarzyna Król, and Barbara Kwiatkowska. "Suicides at the End of the Second World War." Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2023): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jca.21212.
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This paper presents forensic, bioarchaeological and historical research on eight human skulls discovered during the 2018 restoration of a nineteenth-century pastor’s tomb in the village of Gostków in Poland (which, until 1945, had been Giesmannsdorf in Germany). Local rumours suggested that the tomb had been used as a mass grave at the end of World War II for the remains either of war-crimes victims or of a murder-suicide incident. The research was undertaken at the request of the Fundacja Anna w Gostkowie (Anna Foundation in Gostków), which maintains the cemetery, and confirmed detailed witness accounts that the tomb contained the remains of two related German families in which some individuals had killed the others, including several children, and then themselves. The authors also discuss the phenomenon of suicides under war conditions and the cognitive, social and ethical problems of researching this topic.
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Sharapov, Roman, and Evgeniy Smakhtin. "New Grounds of Criminal Liability for Inducement to Suicide and Other Life-Threatening Behavior." Russian Journal of Criminology 12, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(3).349-357.
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The paper analyzes the criminal policy and legal evaluation of inducement to suicide and other life-threatening behavior in view of the changes in criminal legislation in June 2017. The authors show that the key social condition for introducing new grounds for criminal liability for inducement to suicide and other life-threatening behavior is the wide-spread cases of inducement of children and teenagers to suicidal and other life-threatening behavior via the Internet. The authors also present criminal legal characteristics of the differentiation between homicide by taking your own life and inducement to (counseling, aiding) suicide, and the definition of crimes in cases of factual error. They recommend classifying the actions under Art. 110-110.2 of the Criminal Code if the intent of the offender includes the fact that a person will deliberately and understandingly take his/her life. In contrast, the involvement of a person into auto-aggressive behavior connected with causing their own death by counseling such an act or any other inducement to it when the offender is aware that, due to age or psychological disorder, the victims do not understand the character and meaning of the actions carried out with them should be classified as a murder. The concept of the victims helplessness in the crimes of inducement to suicide should be interpreted in a restrictive way; such victims should be understood as being physically but not psychologically helpless. Criminal liability for the propaganda of auto-aggressive behavior (excepting suicidal behavior), connected with self-harm should be regulated under Part 3, Art. 239 of the Criminal Code.
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Douglas, Delia. "Un/Covering White Lies: Exposing Racism in the Era of Racelessness." Journal of Critical Race Inquiry 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/jcri.v7i2.13536.
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This project examines a Canadian court case that involves the largest arson homicide in the history of Vancouver, British Columbia. In May 2006 a fire killed four members of a Congolese refugee family (Adela Etibako and three of her children, Benedicta, Edita, and Stephane) along with Ashley Singh, the South Asian girlfriend of the target and sole survivor of the fire, Bolingo Etibako. On October 5, 2008 the accused, Nathan Fry, a 20-year-old white male, was found guilty of five counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted murder. Fry received an automatic life sentence without the possibility of parole for 25 years. This paper considers this crime and the legal proceedings as a case study that can further our understanding of discourses of race, racism, and citizenship in Canada, and their link to Mbembe’s (2003) notion of necropolitics, what he terms as the politics of life and death. I argue that the viciousness of the crime, an offense involving a white male perpetrator and victims all of whom are racialized as Black and Brown, reflects the embodied practices and psychological processes that are both emblematic of, and integral to, the violence of coloniality, and the racial relations and structural arrangements of present-day white settler society (Martinot, 2010; Razack, 2002, 2005). I show how the crime, the investigation, and the trial communicate symbolically and materially what bell hooks (1992) characterizes as the “terrorizing force of white supremacy” (p. 344).
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KUWERT, PHILIPP, and HARALD JÜRGEN FREYBERGER. "The unspoken secret: sexual violence in World War II." International Psychogeriatrics 19, no. 4 (April 23, 2007): 782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610207005376.
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War is a complex, enduring trauma composed of variable forms of extreme stress, such as violence, fear of death, displacement, loss of family members, abuse and starvation (Berman, 2001). More than 90% of war victims are civilians (UNICEF, 2006). Children and women are extremely vulnerable to traumatic experiences in times of war and the risk continues even in post-war-situations (Shanks and Schull, 2000). As far as former war-children are concerned, a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms is apparent even six decades after World War II (Kuwert et al., 2006). In the 1990s, the world was shocked by reports about systematic and widespread rape in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda (Shanks and Schull, 2000). The Lancet has published articles about wartime rape and demanded the development of clear strategies against sexual violence in conflict (Hargreaves, 2001). However, it can be concluded that sexual violence was and is common in nearly all crisis zones. One recent example was the rape and murder of a 14-year-old girl by U.S. soldiers of the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq (The Times, 2006).
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Kisekka, Dr Nakibuule Gladys. "The Obscure Nature of Plea Bargaining in Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Crimes in Uganda: The Accused-Victims’ impugned Right to A Fair Hearing." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. II (2024): 1764–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.802126.
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The Uganda Plea Bargain Rules [the Rules] allow victims to participate in plea negotiations, which aligns with the international principle of the need to capture the victims’ voices in decision-making.[1] Victim participation can be from two viewpoints: the complainants as victims and the accused as both victims and perpetrators. The paper underscores the latter victims’ concerns, arguing that the accused can also be victims of the same offences they commit, orchestrated by domestic violence, in several ways: as victims of an act(s) of violence from their partners—the primary complainants (or victims) in their charges; or as victims of violence orchestrated by their partners, which cascades to their innocent loved ones—also as primary (or victims) in their charges, but regarding this category, some die or are affected immensely. These accused, as victims, have a high propensity to plea bargain in self-conviction, to come to terms with the reality of their offences, irrespective of guilt, involuntarily, equivocally, when not well-informed, and when their convictions are not fully factual-based; contravening the international standards of a plea bargain. This lapse fundamentally flaws their right to a fair hearing as this paper highlights. In a case study of Uganda’s High Court bargained trials from 2014 to 2021 entitled: An Accused’s Self-Conviction to End Trial? Plea Bargaining and the Right to A Fair Hearing in Uganda,[2] analysis of 66 convicts (45 men and 21 women) narratives revealed that 20 (30.3 %) conflicted with the law after domestic related squabbles. They wrangled with either a wife, girlfriend, boyfriend, father of their children or husband. Seventeen (85%) were later charged with egregious offences, mostly murders, stemming from these situations, with the majority having a history of a cycle of violence. They all plea bargained, regardless of gender or literacy levels. Gender-related roles and spaces compelled mothers to plea bargain as nurturers and fathers to plea bargain as family heads, irrespective of guilt. Justice Actors seem blind to the causes that compel such accused victims into criminality. This paper suggests reforms towards their protection, calling for the courts thorough inquiries to justify their convictions.
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Saadia, Rizwana. "Representation of War Trauma in Hanif’s Red Birds." Journal of Languages, Culture and Civilization 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v5i1.163.
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After the two World Wars, several authors have focused a significant portion of their literary works on the subject of war trauma. Muhammad Hanif is widely known for his contribution to war writing. This study's primary goal is to identify war trauma in the Hanif book that was chosen. Red Birds (2018), his masterwork, was chosen by the researcher for research. By using Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory (1901) and Caruth's Trauma Theory (1996) the researcher has examined this book. The researcher discovered that the novel's protagonists have mental illnesses brought on by the conflict. Several different things can induce mental disturbances. These elements include overkill bombing, a lack of essential services in conflict areas, homelessness, the murder and kidnapping of family members, and excessive bombardment. Also, the study discovered that the war victims are dealing with inferiority complexes and that this mental disease prompted self-shattering. Children and adults respond to combat trauma in different ways. When compared to the adult characters in the novels, children are far more influenced. The trauma of war has profound and enduring repercussions on children. The individuals in the book are afflicted with a variety of psychiatric disorders as a result of this battle trauma. This study demonstrates how extensively the impacts of war trauma on the lives of the characters are shown in Hanif's work.
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Matzopoulos, Richard, Lea Marineau, Shibe Mhlongo, Asiphe Ketelo, Megan Prinsloo, Bianca Dekel, Lorna J. Martin, Rachel Jewkes, Carl Lombard, and Naeemah Abrahams. "Who is killing South African men? A retrospective descriptive study of forensic and police investigations into male homicide." BMJ Global Health 9, no. 4 (April 2024): e014912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014912.
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Not much is known about the perpetrators of male homicide in South Africa, which has rates seven times the global average. For the country’s first ever male homicide study we describe the epidemiology of perpetrators, their relationship with victims and victim profiles of men killed by male versus female perpetrators. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of routine data collected through forensic and police investigations, calculating victim and perpetrator homicide rates by age, sex, race, external cause, employment status and setting, stratified by victim-perpetrator relationships. For perpetrators, we reported suspected drug and alcohol use, prior convictions, gang-involvement and homicide by multiple perpetrators. Perpetrators were acquaintances in 63% of 5594 cases in which a main perpetrator was identified. Sharp objects followed by guns were the main external causes of death. The highest rates were recorded in urban informal areas among unemployed men across all victim-perpetrator relationship types. Recreational settings including bars featured prominently. Homicides clustered around festive periods and weekends, both of which are associated with heavy episodic drinking. Perpetrator alcohol use was reported in 41% of homicides by family members and 50% by acquaintances. Other drug use was less common (9% overall). Of 379 men killed by female perpetrators, 60% were killed by intimate partners. Perpetrator alcohol use was reported in approximately half of female-on-male murders. Female firearm use was exclusively against intimate partners. No men were killed by male intimate partners. Violence prevention, which in South Africa has mainly focused on women and children, needs to be integrated into an inclusive approach. Profiling victims and perpetrators of male homicide is an important and necessary first step to challenge prevailing masculine social constructs that men are neither vulnerable to, nor the victims of, trauma and to identify groups at risk of victimisation that could benefit from specific interventions and policies.
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Timur, Widya, Ferawati Royani, Sandi Aprianto, and Anggun Annisa. "Pengawasan Terhadap Mantan Narapidana Kasus Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong." AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 8, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/imr.v8i1.9886.
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Sexual crime is a crime that is quite high in Indonesia which causes trauma, depression and death. A similar case which was quite shocking also occurred before in 2016, the murder and rape of a 14 year old girl by 14 perpetrators in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu. Based on the facts of the cases mentioned, acts of sexual violence against children may be committed by anyone, anywhere, with any mode or motive and in any scope. Based on the description that has been described, the authors formulate the problem, namely how the supervision is carried out by government officials and law enforcement against ex-convicts who commit sexual violence against children in Rejang Lebong Regency. The legal research method used, namely normative-empirical, is basically a combination of normative legal approaches with the addition of various empirical elements. Supervision is needed for ex-convicts in cases of sexual violence against children. Until now, there has not been found any systematic supervision of ex-convicts in cases of sexual violence against children in Rejang Lebong Regency, especially for perpetrators who have blood ties to the victims such as the victims' fathers, brothers, uncles and grandfathers. Supervision of ex-convicts in cases of sexual violence against children is important as an effort to prevent repetition of cases. Then considering the psychological condition of victims and perpetrators of crime, this supervision has an urgency to carry out.Kejahatan seksual merupakan kejahatan yang cukup tinggi di indonesia yang menyebabkan trauma, depresi hingga kematian. Kasus serupa yang cukup menggemparkan juga terjadi sebelumnya pada tahun 2016, pembunuhan dan pemerkosaan gadis 14 tahun oleh 14 pelaku di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. Berdasarkan fakta kasus yang telah disebutkan, tindak kekerasan seksual pada anak berkemungkinan dilakukan oleh siapapun, dimanapun, dengan modus atau motif dan dalam lingkup apapun. Berdasarkan uraian yang telah dijabarkan, penulis merumuskan masalah yaitu bagaimana pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh aparatur pemerintah dan penegak hukum terhadap mantan narapidana yang melakukan kekerasan seksual pada anak di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Metode penelitian hukum yang digunakan yaitu normatif-empiris ini pada dasarnya ialah penggabungan antara pendekatan hukum normatif dengan adanya penambahan dari berbagai unsur-unsur empiris. Diperlukan pengawasan terhadap mantan narapidana kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak. Hingga saat ini belum ditemukan adanya sistematika pengawasan terhadap mantan narapidana kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong terutama bagi pelaku kejahatan yang memiliki ikatan darah terhadap korban seperti ayah, kakak, paman, dan kakek korban. Pelaksanaan pengawasan terhadap mantan narapidana kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak penting untuk dilakukan sebagai upaya pencegahan terhadap repetisi kasus. Kemudian mengingat kondisi psikologis korban dan pelaku kejahatan, pengawasan ini memiliki urgensitas untuk dilakukan.
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Levin, Jack, and Julie B. Wiest. "Covering Mass Murder: An Experimental Examination of the Effect of News Focus—Killer, Victim, or Hero—on Reader Interest." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 2 (February 2018): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218756916.
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Journalists often assume that consumers are drawn to stories of mass murder because of their morbid curiosity. As a result, cable television reports and news stories tend to focus on details of the killer’s biography and modus operandi, possibly neglecting aspects of an incident that could provide consumers with practical knowledge for preventing a massacre and, at the same time, would not inspire future killers looking for fame and celebrity. For this study, we manipulated the news focus of a story about a high school rampage—putting it on the killer, the first victim, or a heroic figure who ended the violence—in an experiment conducted via Qualtrics survey software with a sample of 212 U.S. adults. Additional independent variables in the analysis included respondents’ gender, age, and degree of fear. The dependent variable consisted of a measure of respondents’ interest in reading a news story about the school shooting. Results from a four-way analysis of variance indicated that subjects were significantly more interested in the school shooting when the focus of attention was on a courageous bystander who stopped the onslaught than when the focus was on either a victim or the killer. Moreover, fearful subjects were significantly more likely than their fearless counterparts to express interest in a news story about mass murder. Age also made a significant difference, with respondents in their early 40s (who may be particularly likely to have children in school) indicating more interest in mass murder news stories than those in their mid-30s. No significant interactions were obtained.
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Arsana, Gede Widya, I. Made Sepud, and I. Nyoman Sujana. "Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan yang Dilakukan oleh Anak." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.2.2386.186-190.
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School students are the future generation who still need guidance; if they are failed to be guided, there will be an upheaval in their inner selves that is delinquency, which may turn into a criminal act, like murder. The backgrounds of problems are formulated as follows: 1). what is the judge's consideration in deciding cases of murder committed by the child? 2) How criminal sanctions are imposed on a child? This research uses normative legal research methods. The results show that the rationale judgment of the judges in imposing punishment to the juvenile was merely based on the action of crime committed by the children. The judges only perform their obligations under the Act that has been established and which they assume the verdict was fair for the society and the family victim. However, the judges failed to assume the negative impact of criminal penalties of 10 (ten) years of imprisonment sentenced to the children. It was clear that the judges tend to apply juridical considerations in decision making process. While they did consider the non-juridical considerations in decision Number 22/Pid.Sus.Anak/2016/PN.Tjk which actually should be based on sociological, psychological, criminological, and philosophical of the juveniles. The researcher suggests that: 1) The judges must consider and reconsider the punishment of 10 years imprisonment which may lead to mental decline in children because they are still relatively; 2) The judges shall reconsider the impact that would occur in children as they are living for 10 years in prison.
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Firsching, Lorenz. "Bar-On, Legacy of Silence - Encounters with Children of the Third Reich. Kerschaw, The Nazi Dictatorship - Problems and Perspectives of Interpretations." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 16, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.16.1.49-50.
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Dan Bar-On's Legacy of Silence is a collection of interviews with children of the perpetrators of the Holocaust--the children of Nazi officials who participated in or witnessed the mass murders of the Jews. Dar-On, an Israeli psychologist whose family left Germany in 1933, offers a new, moving, and disturbing complement to the more usual studies of the victims of Nazi genocide and their children. Just as the children of Nazi victims carry a life-long legacy of their parents' experiences, Bar-On suggests that the children of the Nazi perpetrators also bear a legacy of their parents' deeds, a legacy of silence. Bar-On freely admits that his book is not an objective, "social science" approach to the effects of genocide. "When I return from my fourth trip to Germany in October 1987," he writes in his conclusion, "I feel a tremendous need to try to 'analyze my data' ... But I know I am doing something wrong ... I am distancing myself from my interviewees, looking at them from the outside ... I wonder if this is a result of my ongoing ambivalence about the research: am I afraid that if I look too closely I will see ordinary human beings?"
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Oliinykov, H. V., and A. V. Kovalevskyi. "PROBLEM ISSUES ON FEATURES OF PSYCHOSOMATIC CHANGES OF VICTIMS OF SEXUAL CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED BY THE AGGRESSOR STATE." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 1, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2023.01.149.
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The article examines separate sexual problems of psychosomatic disorders of persons who have become victims of sexual criminal offenses; issues related to behavioral analysis, the state of health, physical and moral balance, the internal complex of unrealized anger, social dissatisfaction, models of unresolved conflict in Ukrainian society. Proposals for reforming outdated legal norms and social practices, expanding the range of understanding of social space, victims of sexual criminal offenses of a sexual nature and refugees, of which there are many, are significant for the constitutional values of our citizens. As a result of post-traumatic stress disorder, the lives of victims of sexual violence by the Russian military have drastically changed in their families and in society. The consequences form the victims individually specific and distorted experience, peculiarities of sexual relations, degree and state of deprivation. In cases where the victim was intimidated, forced to engage in sexual relations in childhood and adolescence, raped several times, the symptoms are complicated by the formation of persistent post-traumatic stress disorder. Legal guarantees are the decisive legal means of ensuring, implementing, protecting human and citizen rights in Ukraine. Realization and guarantee of the rights, especially with various types of deprivations, of the citizens of our country, is one of the most important factors of the proper development of Ukraine, the formation of civil society, a convincing evidence of democracy for joining the EU. The anti-social, criminal behavior of Russians, during the military aggression against Ukraine, uncontrolled aggressiveness, murders, mutilations, torture of civilians, rape of women, girls and children require legal assessment, particularly at the international level. Key words: criminal offenses of a sexual nature, mental disorders, psychosomatics, criminology, verification, mental deprivation.
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Utari, Indah Sri, Ridwan Arifin, and Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad Sabri. "Why Did a Five-Year-Old Toddler Become a Victim of Murder? A Criminological and Legal Perspective." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v8i2.48591.
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The tragic and heart-wrenching case of a five-year-old toddler becoming a victim of murder raises numerous questions about the circumstances leading to such a heinous act. This study provides an overview of the factors that might have contributed to this deeply distressing incident. It explores potential reasons, such as family dynamics, societal pressures, mental health issues, and the legal framework surrounding child protection. Understanding the complex interplay of these factors is essential for both preventing similar tragedies in the future and offering appropriate support to affected families. While the global COVID-19 pandemic is gradually receding, reflecting on the past two years reveals a relentless surge in cases that seemed to halt the world momentarily. Amidst the widespread reports of COVID-19 infiltrating Indonesia, the shocking occurrence of a fifteen-year-old taking the life of a five-year-old toddler in Sawah Besar Jakarta in March 2020 deeply unsettled the Indonesian populace. This incident prompts the question: what circumstances led to such a tragic event? What were the motivations driving the perpetrators’ actions? Why did a defenseless five-year-old child fall victim to murder? This study emphasizes the urgency of addressing the root causes of such acts of violence against children, shedding light on the need for comprehensive measures to protect the most vulnerable members of our society.
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Nicmane, Lolita Terēze. "Vajāšana skolās: potenciālās sekas hroniskiem konfliktiem vienaudžu vidū." Pedagoģija: teorija un prakse : zinātnisko rakstu krājums = Pedagogy: Theory and Practice : collection of scientific articles, no. X (March 24, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/ptp.2021.10.033.
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One of the most serious and visible crimes done by children are mass murders in schools. They draw society’s attention in whole world. The interpretation of the causes differ but one cannot deny their link with peer bullying. It exemplifies the cycle of violence – a child who suffered or observed regular and open violence, suffers from severe and negative effects. He or she often becomes an aggressor, and victimizes other persons. Thus, the violence continues and spreads becoming a prolonged social problem. Often it is also a cause of serious violent crimes. Therefore, the risk of mass murders exists everywhere where adults are tolerating the peer bullying. The peer bullying in Latvia is a widespread phenomenon. If in Latvia the teachers and society will not address this issue more effectively, bullying will result in the new victims and perpetrators among children.