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1

Mazrekaj, Deni, Mirjam M. Fischer, and Henny M. W. Bos. "Behavioral Outcomes of Children with Same-Sex Parents in The Netherlands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105922.

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Same-sex parents face substantial stressors due to their sexual orientation, such as experiences of prejudice and prohibitive legal environments. This added stress is likely to lead to reduced physical and mental health in same-sex parents that, in turn, may translate into problematic behavioral outcomes in their children. To date, there are only a few nationally representative studies that investigate the well-being of children with same-sex parents. The current study takes a closer look at children’s behavioral outcomes, reported by a parent, using an adapted version of the emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, pro-social, and peer problems subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We take advantage of unique data from the Netherlands based on a probability sample from population registers, whereby findings can be inferred to same-sex and different-sex parent households with parents between the ages of 30 and 65, and with children between the ages of 6 and 16 years (62 children with same-sex, and 72 children with different-sex parents). The findings obtained by coarsened exact matching suggest no significant disadvantages for children with same-sex parents compared to different-sex parents. We contextualize these findings in their wider cultural context, and recommend a renewed focus in future research away from deficit-driven comparisons.
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2

Gahan, Luke. "Separated Same-Sex Parents: Troubling the Same-Sex Parented Family." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418754699.

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Same-sex parented family research and academic literature has focused primarily on intact families and/or those created after a heterosexual divorce–their family models, methods of family creation and the fertility process, and the health and well-being of their children. Similarly, separation and divorce research and academic literature has focused primarily on opposite-sex parented families. To date, limited research has explored the experiences of same-sex parents who separated after having children within their relationship. This article reports on findings from a qualitative study of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 same-sex parents in Australia who had experienced parental separation and aims to contribute to a new phase of same-sex relationship and parenting research that explores divorce and separation. Participants were acutely aware that their separation and post-separation families troubled the social expectations and mores of the same-sex parented family by appearing to break unwritten rules, threatening to disrupt campaigns for social and political acceptance, and falling off an apparent pedestal that their families and relationships had been placed on. Separated same-sex parents were also concerned that their families would disrupt efforts to achieve social and political acceptance–and this created challenges with recruitment and interviewing techniques with male participants in particular. This article will demonstrate the pressure for same-sex parents to present an idyllic image of family. It will also discuss how, as a consequence of being seen as troubling, same-sex parental separation created experiences of isolation and invisibility for parents during and after their separation.
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3

Heenen-Wolff, Susann. "Same Sex Parenthood." Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2021-0018.

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Abstract With respect to same-sex parenting, we are obliged to take a renewed look at the relevance of the theory of the Oedipus complex in its « simple » form, just as Freud himself found it necessary to do (Freud 1923b). We could argue that the psychical flexibility that is typical of human beings helps same-sex parents to implement in their children a fantasy scenario that supports the structuring of their psychical organization.
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4

Mechcatie, Elizabeth, and Karen Rosenberg. "No Detrimental Effects in Children of Same-Sex Parents." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 118, no. 11 (November 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000547663.85215.a6.

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5

Lane, Harlie. "Behavioral Differences of Children Raised by Same-Sex Versus Different-Sex Parents." Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research 8, no. 1 (August 2018): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316755.

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6

Downey, Douglas B., and Brian Powell. "Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living with Same-Sex Parents?" Journal of Marriage and the Family 55, no. 1 (February 1993): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/352959.

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7

Flores, Andrew R., and Maisy Morrison. "Potential differences between the political attitudes of people with same-sex parents and people with different-sex parents: An exploratory assessment of first-year college students." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0246929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246929.

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Children were often near the center of public debates about legal marriage recognition for same-sex couples. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the case that resulted in legal same-sex marriage recognition, stressed the importance of these children as one of many factors compelling the opinion. Estimates indicated same-sex couples were raising 200,000 children in the United States. Children raised by same-sex couples may be politically socialized in distinct ways compared to children of different-sex couples because lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals tend to hold distinct and progressive political viewpoints on a wide variety of issues. What are the political attitudes of people with same-sex parents? In this exploratory study, we analyze a large, representative survey of first-year college students across the United States; we find few differences between people with same-sex and different-sex parents, and some of those differences may be attributable to households and respondent characteristics. When on the rare occasion a difference exists, we find that people with same-sex female parents are more progressive, but people with same-sex male parents are more conservative. Gender differences also emerged, with some distinctive patterns between males with same-sex parents and females with same-sex parents.
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8

Mazrekaj, Deni, Kristof De Witte, and Sofie Cabus. "School Outcomes of Children Raised by Same-Sex Parents: Evidence from Administrative Panel Data." American Sociological Review 85, no. 5 (September 28, 2020): 830–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122420957249.

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Although widely used in policy debates, the literature on children’s outcomes when raised by same-sex parents mostly relies on small selective samples or samples based on cross-sectional survey data. This has led to a lack of statistical power and the inability to distinguish children born to same-sex parents from children of separated parents. We address these issues by using unique administrative longitudinal data from the Netherlands, which was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. These data include 2,971 children with same-sex parents (2,786 lesbian couples and 185 gay male couples) and over a million children with different-sex parents followed from birth. The results indicate that children raised by same-sex parents from birth perform better than children raised by different-sex parents in both primary and secondary education. Our findings are robust to use of cousin fixed effects and coarsened exact matching to improve covariate balance and to reduce model dependence. Further analyses using a novel bounding estimator suggest the selection on unobserved characteristics would have to be more than three times higher than the selection on observed characteristics to reduce the positive estimates to zero.
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9

Gonzales, G., and L. A. Blewett. "Disparities in Health Insurance Among Children With Same-Sex Parents." PEDIATRICS 132, no. 4 (September 16, 2013): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0988.

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10

Schumm, Walter R. "A Review and Critique of Research on Same-Sex Parenting and Adoption." Psychological Reports 119, no. 3 (October 3, 2016): 641–760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116665594.

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Are the outcomes for children of gay, lesbian, or bisexual parents in general the same as those for heterosexual parents? That controversial question is discussed here in a detailed review of the social science literature in three parts: (1) stability of same-sex parental relationships, (2) child outcomes, and (3) child outcomes in same-sex adoption. Relationship instability appears to be higher among gay and lesbian parent couples and may be a key mediating factor influencing outcomes for children. With respect to part 2, while parental self-reports usually present few significant differences, social desirability or self-presentation bias may be a confounding factor. While some researchers have tended to conclude that there are no differences whatsoever in terms of child outcomes as a function of parental sexual orientation, such conclusions appear premature in the light of more recent data in which some different outcomes have been observed in a few studies. Studies conducted within the past 10 years that compared child outcomes for children of same-sex and heterosexual adoptive parents were reviewed. Numerous methodological limitations were identified that make it very difficult to make an accurate assessment of the effect of parental sexual orientation across adoptive families. Because of sampling limitations, we still know very little about family functioning among same-sex adoptive families with low or moderate incomes, those with several children, or those with older children, including adolescents or how family functioning may change over time. There remains a need for high-quality research on same-sex families, especially families with gay fathers and with lower income.
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11

Di Nucci, Ezio. "IVF, same-sex couples and the value of biological ties." Journal of Medical Ethics 42, no. 12 (September 9, 2016): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103257.

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Ought parents, in general, to value being biologically tied to their children? Is it important, in particular, that both parents be biologically tied to their children? I will address these fundamental questions by looking at a fairly new practice within IVF treatments, so-called IVF-with-ROPA (Reception of Oocytes from Partner), which allows lesbian couples to ‘share motherhood’, with one partner providing the eggs while the other becomes pregnant. I believe that IVF-with-ROPA is, just like other IVF treatments, morally permissible, but here I argue that the increased biological ties which IVF-with-ROPA allows for do not have any particular value beside the satisfaction of a legitimate wish, because there is no intrinsic value in a biological tie between parents and children; further, I argue that equality within parental projects cannot be achieved by redistributing biological ties.
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12

Matthewson, Mandy, Rosanne Burton Smith, and Iain Montgomery. "Gender Differences in Children's and Parents' Social Support Perceptions." Journal of Relationships Research 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrr.2.1.10.

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AbstractThere are limited studies investigating gender differences within the father–child and mother–child relationships with regard to social support provisions within these relationships. This study aimed to explore gender unity in children's and parents' perceptions of social support within the parent–child relationship. The participants included 91 families who completed measures of social support satisfaction and social support effectiveness. Results were contrary to the gender unity assumption. Findings indicated that mothers and fathers provide different types of support to their children regardless of their child's sex. Further, this study demonstrated the importance of father–child interactions and the need to further investigate the types of support fathers provide their children. This study explored gender differences in social support perceptions within the parent–child relationship. It investigated if mothers and fathers perceive the support they provide their children with is differentiated according to whether their child is a son or a daughter (i.e., gender unity). In this study, gender unity relates to whether parents consider themselves to be more effective in their support provisions to their same-sex child than to their opposite-sex child. Moreover, gender unity also pertains to whether children are more satisfied with the support provided by their same-sex parent than their opposite-sex parent. It is therefore important to define social support in order to understand it within the context of the parent-child relationship.
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13

Sullins, D. "Emotional Problems among Children with Same-sex Parents: Difference by Definition." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 7, no. 2 (January 10, 2015): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/15823.

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14

Hart, Juliet E., Jon E. Mourot, and Megan Aros. "Children of same-sex parents: in and out of the closet." Educational Studies 38, no. 3 (July 2012): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2011.598677.

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15

Fidler, B. J., and E. B. Saunders. "Children's Adjustment during Custody/Access Disputes: Relation to Custody Arrangement, Gender and Age of Child." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (August 1988): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300614.

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The adjustment of preschool and latency age children, at the time of a custody/access dispute between their parents, was studied in relation to the children's age, sex and whether they were living with a parent of the same or the opposite-sex. Few adjustment problems were noted; however, older children and boys were more vulnerable. Sex of custodial parent did not predict children's adjustment.
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16

Ariadni, Dwi Karina, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, and Sumarni DW. "Parents’ Perception Having Children with Intellectual Disability Providing Sex Education." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v2i2.156.

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Introduction: Children with intellectual disability have the same sexual needs as the average children. Parents are their children’s primary sex educators, but many parents are afraid of talking to their children about sex. The purpose of this study to explore the perception of parents in providing sex education to children with intellectual disability. Methods: A qualitative study using phenomenological approach. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (face-to-face) with ten parents having children with mild or moderate intellectual disability, aged nine-eighteen years registered at SLB Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. Colaizzi method was used to identify core themes and patterns. Results: Four themes were found: the importance of sex education for children with intellectual disability, the mother has the most important role in providing sex education, the distinction of sex education for children with intellectual disability, religion is important in sex education. Conclusions: Perception of parents in providing sex education to children with intellectual disability is different from parents with normal children. Parents should be earlier deliver sex education to protect them from sex abuse and the method of giving sex education with practice. The role of parents, especially mother is very important to provide sex education than father.
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17

Davis, Jackie M., and Mary Frances Hanline. "Young Children With Same-Sex Parents: Supporting Families and Children in Early Childhood Programs." Young Exceptional Children 21, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250616659122.

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18

Danby, Susan, and Karen Thorpe. "Compatibility and Conflict: Negotiation of Relationships by Dizygotic Same-Sex Twin Girls." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.1.103.

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AbstractThis article conceptualizes the child as having active agency in the constructions of their social worlds, and reports on a study that understands the twin experiences from the perspectives of the twins. It examines how twins account for their relationships with their co-twins. The study drew on accounts of 60 twin children — 10 monozygotic (MZ), 10 dizygotic (DZ) same-sex, 10 DZ opposite-sex pairs — aged 5 to 10 years and their parent (n = 30). The children engaged in a sticker activity in which they represented their friendships, including their friendship with their co-twin. Using the task as a resource, the children were asked about their friends, the attributes of friendship and examples of everyday friendships encounters. These were audio-recorded and transcribed. Further, parents completed a questionnaire that provided demographic information and asked parents about the children's social experiences including twin children's time spent together, shared interests and their co-twin relationship. Using data from the pictorial representation from the sticker task and parent questionnaires, differences in relationship between MZ, DZ same-sex and DZ opposite-sex twins were examined and used to select a smaller sample for detailed study. DZ same-sex twins tended to view their co-twin less favorably and there was a nonsignificant trend in which conflict was elevated, compared to the other two groups. Based on these findings, the transcripts selected for analysis focuses on the DZ same-sex girls. The girls reported that they had differences of thought, activity and self-presentation. Conflict, competition and challenge as types of social interaction were described, suggesting that the everyday relationship of the twin with her co-twin is always being negotiated and realigned. Evident here is the complexity of social interactions in which the twins engaged everyday with each other.
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19

Gutierrez, Dumayi, Casey Gamboni, Armeda Wojciak, and Ashley Frazier. "Parent Attachment, Relationship Quality, and Gender Influence of Adults With Parents With Past Same-Sex Relationships." Family Journal 26, no. 2 (April 2018): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718785915.

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Attachment scholars have focused on attachment outcomes between children and their parents. However, there is a dearth of studies examining the association between attachment and later romantic relationships for those who have had a parent in a same-sex relationship during childhood. To address this gap, we used a sample from the New Family Structures Study. The sample for this study comprised 248 adults, of which, 175 participants reported their mother having had a same-sex romantic relationship and 73 participants reported their father having had a same-sex romantic relationship. Regression analysis indicated that participants with mothers who have had same-sex relationships report higher attachment outcomes. Further, higher attachment outcomes predicted higher romantic relationship quality. Gender of the participants and their parents also statistically moderated romantic relationship quality and family-of-origin attachment for females with mothers who have had same-sex relationships. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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20

Ivanova, E. Е., and Yu A. Storozheva. "THE PHENOMENON OF ALIENATION IN CHILDREN-PARENT RELATIONS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (October 26, 2019): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-9-190-195.

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The main approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of “alienation” have been considered. The causes and dynamics of the emergence of alienation in the child-parent relationship have been investigated. Interconnection of violations in parent-child relationships with the incorrect educational strategy of parents has been revealed. Special attention has been paid to the specificity of manifestations and the nature of alienation in adolescence. It has been supposed about the connection between alienation and style of upbringing of a teenager. The practical part of the article describes the procedure and results of the study on the determination of this connection. The analysis has identified a statistically significant interrelation between alienation and the relationship between parents and children. Critical importance of hypo-care for the formation of teenage alienation has been ascertained. The characteristic of child-parent relations in same-sex and opposite-sex couples child-parent has been made.
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21

Fedewa, Alicia L., and Teresa P. Clark. "Parent Practices and Home-School Partnerships: A Differential Effect for Children with Same-Sex Coupled Parents?" Journal of GLBT Family Studies 5, no. 4 (October 26, 2009): 312–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15504280903263736.

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22

Ramadhani, Ramadhani, and Efendi Efendi. "PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBERIKAN PENDIDIKAN SEKS PADA ANAK USIA 6-13 TAHUN DI DESA SUNGAI KUYUNG KECAMATAN PANCUNG SOAL." Jurnal Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan Sekolah 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.34125/kp.v5i2.561.

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The purpose of this study is to illustrate the efforts made by parents in providing sex education to children aged 6-13 years. To explain what form of child questions about sex and to explain the obstacles faced by parents in providing sex education to children aged 6-13 years in Sungai Kuyung Kecamatan Pancung Soal Sub-District. This research is field research with descriptive qualitative methods. In the determination of the sample the author uses snowball sampling. The results of the research that has been conducted in Sungai Kuyung River Village are parents trying to provide sex education to the child and answer the child's questions about sex. Here parents play a role in teaching child sex abuse by applying when entering the parent's room by asking permission before entering, teaching how to look at the situation seen by the child. Then parents also avoid the child from free sex by separating the bed between the parent and brother or sister. Parents also explain about sex to their child as much as they can.
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23

Lamb, Christopher. "Growing Up in the Gay Shadow: The Impact of Heterosexual Privilege on Children with Same-Sex Parents." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 6, no. 1 (February 14, 2014): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy21489.

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Same-sex marriage is currently at the forefront of many political debates worldwide, and one of the main concerns for both sides of the marriage debate is the well-being of children being raised in same-sex families. This paper reviews various areas of research in order to discover whether or not children are at a disadvantage if they are raised in a same-sex family. Findings suggest that while children who grow up in same-sex families face unique challenges that would not occur in heterosexual families, the overall quality of life is comparable to that of children in heterosexual families. Negative attitudes toward same-sex couples raising children are related to the presence of heterosexual privilege in society.
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24

Sullins, D. Paul. "Invisible Victims: Delayed Onset Depression among Adults with Same-Sex Parents." Depression Research and Treatment 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2410392.

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The relationship of elevated depression risk recently discovered among adult persons raised by same-sex parents with possible precipitating conditions in childhood has not previously been acknowledged. This study tests whether such inattention is supportable. Logistic regression based risk ratios were estimated from longitudinal measures of mental health outcomes observed in three waves (at ages 15, 22, and 28) of the US National Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (n=15,701). At age 28, the adults raised by same-sex parents were at over twice the risk of depression (CES-D: risk ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) as persons raised by man-woman parents. These findings should be interpreted with caution. Elevated risk was associated with imbalanced parental closeness and parental child abuse in family of origin; depression, suicidality, and anxiety at age 15; and stigma and obesity. More research and policy attention to potentially problematic conditions for children with same-sex parents appears warranted.
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25

Staite, Emily, Katie McIntyre, and David Griksaitis. "Experiences of same-sex parents during the first year of Covid-19: A qualitative review and analysis of online blogs." Psychology of Sexualities Review 13, no. 1 (2022): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssex.2022.13.1.2.

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There are an increasing number of people identifying as part of the LGBT community, with over 165,000 same-sex couples in the US having children in 2019. Research on parenting during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic has been disseminated. However, there is limited research that examines the experiences of same-sex parents. Therefore, a structured qualitative review of online blogs published during the Covid-19 pandemic, authored by same-sex parents, was conducted. Following thematic analysis, three main themes (and 13 subthemes) emerged: 1) Connection; 2) Contrasting experiences of home schooling; and 3) Pride in family. Similarities between same-sex and different-sex parents were highlighted. However, it is notable that same-sex parents continue to feel stigma and exclusion from the wider parenting community.
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26

Murphy, Timothy F. "Pathways to genetic parenthood for same-sex couples." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 12 (April 27, 2017): 823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104291.

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Researchers are pursuing various ways to synthesise human male and female gametes, which would be useful for people facing infertility. Some people are unable to conceive children with their partner because one of them is infertile in the sense of having an anatomical or physiological deficit. Other people—in same sex couples—may not be individually infertile but situationally infertile in relation to one another. Segers et al have described a pathway towards synthetic gametes that would rely on embryonic stem cells, rather than somatic cells. This pathway would be advantageous, they say, for same-sex couples even though it would not offer those couples 50%–50% shared genetics in their children but only 50%–25%. It is unclear, however, why this approach should be preferred morally speaking since it represents a falling off from the kind of shared genetics in children that are functionally a gold standard in parents' expectations generally. Despite raising concerns about whether genetic relatedness is necessary or sufficient as a condition of parental interest in children, Segers et al cede the sociocultural importance of that standard. If so, same-sex couples seem entitled to press a case for some measure of research priority that would offer the same level of access to that social good as everyone else.
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Saguni, Fatimah. "PANDANGAN TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN JENDER." Musawa: Journal for Gender Studies 10, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/msw.v10i1.389.

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The development of thought and empirical studies among experts on human development has given birth to a variety of diverse theories in accordance with the perspectives of thoughts and personal experiences of experts who built the theory. Two social views about gender are psychoanalytic theory and social cognitive theory. According to social cognitive theory, gender develops through a mechanism consisting of observation, imitation, appreciation, and punishment. According to the cognitive view, interaction between children and the social environment is the main key to gender development. However, the role of reward and punishment cannot be separated from the child's gender development, so that children can understand and determine which gender behavior is appropriate for their gender. Psychoanalytic theory states that children in preschool age tend to experience attraction to parents of different sexes. But at the age of 5-6 years, the child is no longer interested in the opposite parent, on the contrary he will identify himself with parents of the same sex. So that unconsciously, he will have the same gender behavior as parents of the same sex.
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28

Bandalović, Gorana, Zorana Šuljug Vučica, and Ines Uvodić. "ATTITUDES TOWARDS SAME-SEX PARTNERSHIP: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN SPLIT (CROATIA)." Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences 2 (October 24, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pss.v2.199.

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One of the current dilemmas of modern society is how to look at homosexuals, same-sex partners, forming same-sex partnerships, and raising children in such communities. Homosexuals are classified as sexual minorities and are often excluded from society, which is not new because members of sexual minorities have long been accompanied by numerous persecutions and repressions. This paper aims to examine the attitudes of young people towards homosexuality and same-sex partnership. The paper presents the results of the research conducted in 2019 using a survey method on a sample of 303 respondents aged 15 to 35 years. The results show that most young people do not consider homosexuality to be a disease and approach LGBT people in the same way as the rest of society, not paying attention to someone's sexual orientation. Respondents are predominantly open to the possibility of marriage between same-sex partners while they to a lesser extent agree with the adoption and upbringing of children by same-sex partners. They believe that there is a difference in the upbringing of children raised by same-sex partners from children raised by heterosexual partners, which can be justified by the discrimination and violence to which children of same-sex partners are exposed to. Also, young people think that homosexual parents can be good parents and provide their children with everything they need and that it is better for children to grow up in same-sex families than in homes for abandoned children. Although they state that such communities are almost equal to heterosexual communities, they are aware of their exposure to social exclusion.
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29

Rosato, Jennifer L. "CHILDREN OF SAME-SEX PARENTS DESERVE THE SECURITY BLANKET OF THE PARENTAGE PRESUMPTION*." Family Court Review 44, no. 1 (January 2006): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2006.00068.x.

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30

Gato, Jorge, Anne Marie Fontaine, Filipa César, Daniela Leal, Isabelle Roskam, and Moïra Mikolajczak. "Parental Burnout and Its Antecedents among Same-Sex and Different-Sex Families." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 7601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137601.

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Parental burnout (PB) results from a chronic imbalance between risks and resources and has severe and extended consequences on the wellbeing of parents and their children. Because same-sex (SS) and different-sex (DS) families face partially different stressors (e.g., SS parents are more stigmatized) but have also partially different resources (e.g., more egalitarian task sharing in SS couples), the current research aimed to investigate whether PB differs or not according to family type. Two studies were conducted. In study 1, family type differences in PB were explored among 114 demographically matched SS and DS families from 18 countries. Study 2 further explored the predictive value of family type, age, gender, and balance between risks and resources (BR2) in PB, using a sample of 222 matched SS and DS families. Parental burnout was not associated with family type in either study. Although differentially composed, the global BR2 score did not differ across family type and was a significant predictor of all PB dimensions, while controlling for the effect of family type, age, and gender. Thus, in accordance with reviewed studies, parental sexual identity was not associated with family functioning. Future studies should investigate the impact of specific risks and resources (e.g., social support from chosen social networks or legal climate) on PB levels among SS families.
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31

Augustijn, Lara. "The intergenerational transmission of loneliness between parents and their adult children." Journal of Family Research 33, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-365.

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Objective: This study examined the relationship between loneliness in parents and in their adult children, and took into account the role of gender differences in the intergenerational transmission of loneliness. Background: Although it is well documented that loneliness has negative effects on a person’s physical and mental health, only a relatively small number of empirical studies have investigated the intergenerational transmission of loneliness between parents and their children, including the potential long-term effects of transmission processes. Moreover, the findings of the few existing studies have been inconsistent and contradictory, particularly with regard to gender differences. Method: The statistical analysis drew on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). Based on data from 2013 and 2017, stepwise multilevel linear regression models were estimated for 4,457 respondents between the ages of 18 and 40 and their parents. Results: Significant associations were found between loneliness in parents and in their adult children. The analysis also revealed that the relationship between loneliness in mothers and in their children did not depend on whether mothers and children were living in the same household. However, no significant differences were found between same-sex and opposite-sex parent-child dyads. Conclusion: This study provided moderate evidence for the intergenerational transmission of loneliness between parents and their adult children, as well as indirect evidence for the long-term effects of transmission processes between mothers and children.
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Raleigh, Elizabeth. "Are Same-Sex and Single Adoptive Parents More Likely to Adopt Transracially? A National Analysis of Race, Family Structure, and the Adoption Marketplace." Sociological Perspectives 55, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2012.55.3.449.

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This study contributes to the literature on child adoption by providing an analysis of how conceptions of kinship and constructions of race shape how families are sorted and matched in an adoption marketplace. Drawn from a national sample of adoptive households (n = 63,681), the author analyzes whether there is significant variation in the likelihood of white married, single, divorced, and same-sex couples choosing transracial adoption. Results indicate that “nontraditional” same-sex and single adoptive parents are the most likely to adopt non-white children, even when controlling for additional market variables. Although white adoptive parents, in general, are more likely to transracially adopt Hispanic and Asian children, white single and same-sex adoptive parents are significantly more likely to adopt black children. The author's findings underscore the importance of considering how market forces shape even the most intimate aspects of family building decisions.
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Baccara, Mariagiovanna, Allan Collard-Wexler, Leonardo Felli, and Leeat Yariv. "Child-Adoption Matching: Preferences for Gender and Race." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.3.133.

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This paper uses a new dataset on child-adoption matching to estimate the preferences of potential adoptive parents over US-born and unborn children relinquished for adoption. We identify significant preferences favoring girls and against African American children put up for adoption. These attitudes vary in magnitudes across different adoptive parents—heterosexual, same-sex couples, and single women. We consider the effects of excluding single women and same-sex couples from the process, and find that this would substantially reduce the overall number of adopted children. (JEL C78, J13, J15, J16)
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Ibabe, Izaskun. "Adolescent-to-Parent Violence and Family Environment: The Perceptions of Same Reality?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 23, 2019): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122215.

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The use of several sources of information (parents and children) is scarce in family studies. Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is still considered the most hidden and stigmatized form of family violence. One objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of child-to-parent violence and perceptions of family environment as a function of the informant (parent or child), child’s sex, and parents’ sex in a community population. The study also aimed to analyze the predictive power of family conflict and aggressive family discipline in child-to-parent violence depending on the informant. A sample of 586 adolescents (49% boys, aged between 12 and 18) and their parents (40%) participated in the study. The Family Environment Scale and the Conflict Tactics Scales were administered. Results showed good consistency between adolescent reports and parent reports for physical CPV, but adolescents perceived worse family environments than their parents. Multiple regression models revealed that aggressive family discipline and family are important risk factors for CPV. Early intervention to prevent CPV is recommended, focused on promoting family relationships and avoiding harsh discipline practices. It is important that parents are able to ask for help when they need it.
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Cameron, Paul. "Numbers of Homosexual Parents Living with Their Children." Psychological Reports 94, no. 1 (February 2004): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.1.179-188.

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Those contending for the ‘normalcy’ of homosexuality claim there are 800,000 to 7 million homosexual parents raising between 1 and 9 million children. The 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a nationally representative sample of 12,321 ages 18 through 59 yr., reported about 416,000 parents—most of whom were married—living with children under the age of 17 yr. who reported same-sex “vaginal, oral, or anal sex” in the past 12 months. Two random-sample surveys suggested that there are fewer than half a million homosexual parents, and a total sample of 14,000 mothers in Avon suggests even fewer. Thus, it is likely that fewer than 500,000 homosexual parents live with fewer than 750,000 children under 18 yr.
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Knight*, Ken W., Sarah EM Stephenson*, Sue West*, Martin B. Delatycki, Cheryl A. Jones, Melissa H. Little, George C. Patton, et al. "The kids are OK: it is discrimination not same‐sex parents that harms children." Medical Journal of Australia 207, no. 9 (October 23, 2017): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja17.00943.

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Crowl, Alicia, Soyeon Ahn, and Jean Baker. "A Meta-Analysis of Developmental Outcomes for Children of Same-Sex and Heterosexual Parents." Journal of GLBT Family Studies 4, no. 3 (August 12, 2008): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15504280802177615.

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James Nichols, Henry. ""If only they want to hear us out" Parents with Same-sex Sexuality Children and their Experiences with School Involvement." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n2a6.

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The parental involvement strategies in the education of their child are crucial to improve learning at home and in school. However, concerning issues of samesex sexuality in South African schools, it is uncertain how schools engage with parents whose child identifies with a non-heterosexuality. We were interested in investigating and exploring the parents experience with school involvement, where the parents under investigation affirm their children s sam-seex sexualities. Using a qualitative research design, through a case study methodology, we conducted, semi-structured interviews with six (6) parents who affirm their children s sam-seex sexuality in the Free State Province (3rd largest Province in South Africa) and t h e Gauteng Province (Largest Province in South Africa). Our findings suggest from our study that the parents who affirm and embrace their child's same-sex sexuality were antagonized with gender binaries, heteronormative, and heterosexist school culture. Their children faced insurmountable acts of discrimination daily. For this specific reason, these parents wanted to be active agents in creating a safe, enabling, and inclusive schooling space for their non-normative sexuality children. The Parents in our study recognized that the idea of such a secure and enabling learning environment did not realise due to traditional cultures, along with the constructions of gender and sexuality. These parents were exposed to negative experiences due to the unwillingness of school authorities, insufficient strategies and values, and norms. We thus endorse a structured approach to parental involvement for all learners regardless of gender expression and sexual orientation. We further advise school governance bodies should affirm learners with diverse sexual orientations through the various policies and legislations.
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Bond, John B., Marcel R. Baril, Sara Axelrod, and Lynn Crawford. "Support To Older Parents By Middle-Aged Children." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 9, no. 1 (April 1, 1990): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1990-0012.

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This survey examined aspects of the support provided by 388 middle-aged respondents to their parents and parents-in-law independently residing in the same city. Burden was found to be relatively low (mean = 8.19 on a 33-point scale), and generally not associated with demographic characteristics of the care provider (sex, age, marital status, number of children, employment status, income, etc.). Higher burden was associated with provision of more support and lower emotional closeness to the parent. More help was provided to women and persons with higher dependency needs. When comparing the most and least burdened caregivers, frail and deteriorating health of the parent seemed to be the critical factor. The relationship between parent and most burdened children was neither as satisfying nor as open as for the least burdened children. Parents of those who were most burdened already were in receipt of more formal services than the parents of the least burdened. Given the relatively low burden reported by the middle-aged offspring, formal programs were not instituted by the social-service agency. However, agencies responsible for providing formal care to the elderly might query the nature of the relationships between their clients and offspring, seeking particular sources of stress and burden which might be alleviated.
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Gerst, E. H., SMaegan D, and G. A. Gioia. "Fatigue After Concussion: Do Children and Their Parents Report the Same Changes?" Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 5 (July 2019): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz026.42.

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Abstract Purpose Fatigue is a commonly reported complaint after concussion; however, fatigue is multi-faceted and a child’s experience of fatigue may differ from their parent’s observations. Differences in self and parent report of post-concussive changes in fatigue were examined. Methods Participants were 266 patients (Mean age=13.49, SD=2.75, range 5–18) seen in a concussion clinic. The PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) was completed. Dependent variables were: General Fatigue, Cognitive Fatigue, Sleep Fatigue, and Total Fatigue. Pearson correlations, paired-tests, and repeated measures MANOVA evaluated differences. Results Self- and parent-report scores were correlated (r range=.33 to .66, p< .01). Change in fatigue differed by rater (F(1, 247)=6.79, p=.01, ηp2=.03). For General and Sleep Fatigue, self- and parent report were not statistically different. For Cognitive Fatigue, self-report was significantly worse than parent report. Adolescents (13-18) reported higher Cognitive Fatigue than older children (8-12), t(255)=2.263, p=.02. Parents did not observe a difference between age-groups for Cognitive Fatigue. There were non-significant trends toward female adolescents reporting more change in Cognitive Fatigue. Conclusion Children and parents agree that fatigue worsens during concussion recovery. However, parents may not observe the effect of fatigue on cognitive activities (i.e., schoolwork), specifically among adolescents. Thus, self-report of symptom experience after concussion should be an essential part of a post-concussive evaluation. Future studies would benefit from examination of the functional impact of worsened fatigue following concussion.
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Saragih, Hanna Sriyanti. "CORRELATION PARENTS COMMUNICATION TO FREE SEX BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENT IN SMA NEGERI 5 PEMATANGSIANTAR IN 2017." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v16i1.1028.

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Conflict in the family often occurs due to poor communication between parents and children. Parents who are equally busy, causing the intensity and quality of communication to be very less and not infrequently also cause disputes between them. Through communication, parents should be the primary source of information and educators about free sex behavior on their teenagers. This method aims to analyze the relationship of parent communication (openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude and equality) to free sex behavior in adolescents in SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar. The type of this research is an analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population in this study is the students of SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar class XI which amounted to 160 people. A sample of 20 people, taken with cluster sampling technique. Data were obtained by using questioner, analyzed by chi square test at ? = 5%. Based on the initial survey conducted, it was found that around 60% not have free sex. This situation is related to good communication between parents and children, especially communication about sex and good sex education from parents to children who have already obtained children from parents. The conclusions that parents and children are expected to maintain joint communication with free sex behavior of SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar, to students of SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar always improve self-control and be able to withstand a momentary desire or drive that is contrary to inappropriate behavior with social norms and to SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar public still pay attention to students and direct students not to have free sex. Keywords : Parent Communication, Free Sex Behavior, Adolescent
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ARIYO, A. M., and T. M. ARIBISALA. "ANALYSIS OF PARENT – TEENAGER’S COMMUNICATION ON SEX EDUCATION AMONG SELECTED PARENTS IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 13, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v13i1.1933.

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The study examined the impact of parents – teenagers’ communication on sex education. Three research questions were generated for this study. The study utilized a purposive sampling technique to select 246 parents in Abeokuta Metropolis. Results indicated that 59.8% of parents disagreed to discussing sex education with their children until they are fully matured, 76.8% of the parents wait for the right mood of their teenagers before giving them sex education and 63.7% of the parents reported that their teenage child find them boring whenever they want to give them sex education. It was recommended that parents should endeavour to be a friend to their children even before their teen years so as to enable an effective parent – teenagers’ communication.
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Richards, Olivia K., Carol F. Scott, Allison Spiller, and Gabriela Marcu. ""Wearing a High Heel and a House Shoe at the Same Time": Parents' Information Needs While Navigating Change in their Child's Behavioral Care." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555772.

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Change is an inevitable part of a parent's role, whether due to their child's development, family life, or external events. To understand the information needs of parents navigating change, we studied the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a widely experienced disruption in the lives of parents and children. We interviewed 16 parents about their caregiving experience as the COVID-19 pandemic collapsed boundaries between home, school, and work. In particular, we asked about adjustments to behavioral care, or the social learning, supports, and interventions through which children develop social and emotional skills. We focused on parents of children already receiving accommodations and behavioral support from their school, to understand how disruptions in these services affected the role of the parent in meeting their child's individual needs. Applying role theory and the Kübler-Ross change curve, we describe the coping mechanisms that parents used to navigate the stages of change, as well as the information needs that remained unmet, despite their efforts. We discuss how practitioner-initiated and parent-centered supports can be designed around the lived experience of change, by accommodating a parent's capacity to accept and use help at different stages.
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Chagnon, Napoleon A., Robert F. Lynch, Mary K. Shenk, Raymond Hames, and Mark V. Flinn. "Cross-cousin marriage among the Yanomamö shows evidence of parent–offspring conflict and mate competition between brothers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 13 (March 13, 2017): E2590—E2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618655114.

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Marriage in many traditional societies often concerns the institutionalized exchange of reproductive partners among groups of kin. Such exchanges most often involve cross-cousins—marriage with the child of a parent’s opposite-sex sibling—but it is unclear who benefits from these exchanges. Here we analyze the fitness consequences of marrying relatives among the Yanomamö from the Amazon. When individuals marry close kin, we find that (i) both husbands and wives have slightly lower fertility; (ii) offspring suffer from inbreeding depression; (iii) parents have more grandchildren; and (iv) siblings, especially brothers, benefit when their opposite-sex siblings marry relatives but not when their same-sex siblings do. Therefore, individuals seem to benefit when their children or opposite-sex siblings marry relatives but suffer costs when they, their parents, or same-sex siblings do. These asymmetric fitness outcomes suggest conflicts between parents and offspring and among siblings over optimal mating strategies. Parental control of marriages is reinforced by cultural norms prescribing cross-cousin marriage. We posit that local mate competition combined with parental control over marriages may escalate conflict between same-sex siblings who compete over mates, while simultaneously forging alliances between opposite-sex siblings. If these relationships are carried forward to subsequent generations, they may drive bilateral cross-cousin marriage rules. This study provides insights into the evolutionary importance of how kinship and reciprocity underlie conflicts over who controls mate choice and the origins of cross-cousin marriage prescriptions.
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Sánchez Molina, Raúl. "From Adoption to Transnational Surrogacy: Family Formation among Non-Heterosexual Parents in Spain." Human Organization 81, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.380.

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Non-heterosexual families have emerged as a distinct social group since the Spanish Government approved same-sex marriage in 2005, including the right to adoption. While some same-sex couples have their children through intercountry adoption, legal restrictions limiting non-heterosexual families in most sending countries, among other factors, push same-sex couples to have their children through Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs) and transnational surrogacy, particularly in the United States. However, once non-heterosexual Spanish people make the decision to become parents, they must face homophobic attitudes and policies in their processes of becoming parents, which contributes to delaying their family formation. Based on ethnographic data, this paper focuses on how national and transnational conditions affect non-heterosexual family formation in Spain. In doing so, global/local economies, national/international policies, as well as gender, class, citizenship, and legitimacy are considered.
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Kartikasari, Aprilia, and Nina Setiawati. "Bagaimana Komunikasi Orangtua terkait Pendidikan Seks pada Anak Remaja Mereka?" Journal of Bionursing 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.bion.2020.2.1.33.

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Adolescents need serious attention because they are at risk of sexual and reproductive health problems. Sex education for adolescents is currently focused on a family approach, but communication with children about sex is often considered taboo by family members, especially parents. There are still many parents who say they are unable to talk about sex education with their children, in this case researchers need to know the barriers and difficulties of parents to communicate sex education to teenagers. The aims of this research was to descript parental-adolescent communication consists of discussion of parents with adolescents about problems in school, focus on current adolescents, the level of difficulty in discussing sex with children, and the topic of discussion about sexual and reproductive education. This study used descriptive analytical methods on respondents as many as 56 people who met the research criteria. The result of this study showed parent-adolescence communication about the school problems was lack, most of parents attention focus was on the school record, most of parents says difficult to talk about sex, and most of parents were not disscuse about sensitive topic on sexuallity with their children. Communication between parents and adolescents tends to be general, such as achievement in school, manners, and friendship. Most parents find it difficult to communicate regarding sexuality issues with their teenagers
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Laudańska-Krzemińska, Ida, Maciej Tomczak, Beata Pluta, Małgorzata Bronikowska, Zbigniew Kasprzak, and Janusz Maciaszek. "Health-related Fitness Components – Links Between Parents and Their Child." American Journal of Health Behavior 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.44.4.1.

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Objectives: Health-related fitness is a good predictor of health status of children and adults. Less is known about relationships of health-related fitness components between parents and children. Methods: Our study involved 58 children (30 girls and 28 boys, mean age = 7.97) and 58 parents (33 mothers, mean age = 39.32, and 25 fathers, mean age = 38.73) who were voluntarily enrolled in the program in 3 selected primary schools in the city of Poznan, Poland. Physical fitness was measured using the Eurofit test battery. Assessment of body composition was performed by measuring the bioimpedance. Results: Positive relationships were found among the levels of strength of abdominal muscle, flexibility of parents, and the slenderness of children. Slimmer parents also had more physically active children. Body composition parameters also were related to physical activity. More relationships were found between children and parents of the same sex. Conclusion: Data support the hypothesis that health-related risk factors are linked between parents and children and that sex plays an important role in these relationships. Our findings reinforce the need to develop health promotion programs that include children and their parents.
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Aressa, Vivy, Herman Nirwana, and Alwen Bentri. "Komunikasi Interpersonal Anak dan Orangtua ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin, Tingkat Pendidikan Orangtua, dan Daerah Tempat Tinggal serta Implikasinya pada Bimbingan dan Konseling." Konselor 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/02016536500-0-00.

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Communication within the family is one of the means of parents instill the values to their children. This research background is the low skilled interpersonal communication of children and their parents. This study aimed to describe and examined: (1) interpersonal communication of children and parents in terms of sex, the last education of parent, and area of residence, (2) differences in interpersonal communication of children and parents in terms of sex, the last education of parent, and area of residence. The research methods applied in this research was ex post facto with factorial design 2 x 3 x 2. The population was students in SMAN 1 Maninjau and SMAN 1 Bukittinggi. The number of samples as much as 263 people were selected by cluster random sampling and combined with the technique propotional random sampling technique. The instruments used a Likert scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and using analysis of variance. Data analysis results showed that: (1) the general, interpersonal communication of children and parents in terms of sex, the last education of parents, and area of residence were in good category, (2) there are significant differences the variables sex, in the mean scores of female is higher than male students' the, the last education of parent and area of residence there are no differences significant. The implications of the results of this research can be used as input to create a program of guidance and counseling services, especially in the development of family.
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Casas-Gil, Maria J., and Jose I. Navarro-Guzman. "School Characteristics among Children of Alcoholic Parents." Psychological Reports 90, no. 1 (February 2002): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.1.341.

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Studies show that children of alcoholics constitute a population at-risk commonly for poor performance, skipping school days, and school drop out. The focus of the present study was to examine a variety of direct outcome variables measuring academic performance among a sample of 226 children, 108 of them from parents who misused alcohol in Cadiz. Parents were outpatients of a Health Service and received treatment for the drinking problem; 118 students were children of nonalcoholic parents attending the same schools as the children of alcoholic parents. Both groups were compared on age, sex, school grade, and social environment. The study identified five variables on which performance by children of alcoholic parents was poorer: intelligence, repeating a grade, low academic performance, skipping school days, and dropping out of school.
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Potter, Daniel, and Emma C. Potter. "Psychosocial Well-Being in Children of Same-Sex Parents: A Longitudinal Analysis of Familial Transitions." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 16 (May 9, 2016): 2303–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16646338.

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Families in the United States are increasingly diverse, which has given rise to questions about the consequences these new family forms have for children’s outcomes. This study uses a life course perspective to examine the association between family transitions, nontraditional family structures (with particular attention to same-sex parent families), and children’s psychosocial well-being. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten cohort was used to examine children’s externalizing well-being, internalizing well-being, and interpersonal skills. Results indicate that nontraditional family structures are associated with poorer psychosocial well-being, but this is largely accounted for by changes and transitions experienced in the creation of new families. The findings provide a critical look at the assumptions embedded in arguments focused solely on family structure, and joins other research in calling attention to the importance of family processes for understanding the well-being of children.
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