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Journal articles on the topic 'Children OVC (orphans and vulnerable children)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Losioki, Bertha Erasto. "Education Opportunities and Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Bagamoyo District Tanzania." East African Journal of Education Studies 2, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.2.1.250.

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Education is a fundamental and universal basic need for all, especially orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania. Education imparts knowledge, skills, and competencies to individuals. This study assessed educational opportunities and the support available to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Bagamoyo District to determine socioeconomic and psychological factors that limit access to education. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, non-participant observation and documentary review. The study involved 102 orphans and vulnerable children aged between 7 and 15 years and 35 adults key informants aged 25 years and above. The findings showed that OVC had access to free primary education but had limited access to secondary education. Access to education among OVC was constrained by limited and unreliable sources of funds to meet the necessary basic needs and school requirements including food, learning materials, school uniform, and fees. The findings show further that, OVC living in extended family experience more challenges compared to those staying in orphanage homes. OVC in the family and orphanage homes experience psychological challenges such as depression, loneliness, and stress. The study recommends that community programmes aimed at assisting orphans and vulnerable children should be strengthened to enable Orphanage homes and the extended family in taking care of orphans and vulnerable children. The relevant ministry (POR-LAG) should facilitate the availability of educational resources among orphans and vulnerable children to enable them to realise their educational goals.

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Nsagha, Dickson S., Anne-Cécile ZK Bissek, Sarah M. Nsagha, Jules-Clement N. Assob, Henri-Lucien F. Kamga, Dora M. Njamnshi, Anna L. Njunda, Marie-Thérèse O. Obama, and Alfred K. Njamnshi. "The Burden of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (October 19, 2012): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010245.

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HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in Cameroon and Africa, and the challenges of orphans and vulnerable children are a threat to child survival, growth and development. The HIV prevalence in Cameroon was estimated at 5.1% in 2010. The objective of this study was to assess the burden of orphans and vulnerable children due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. A structured search to identify publications on orphans and other children made vulnerable by AIDS was carried out. A traditional literature search on google, PubMed and Medline using the keywords: orphans, vulnerable children, HIV/AIDS and Cameroon was conducted to identify potential AIDS orphans publications, we included papers on HIV prevalence in Cameroon, institutional versus integrated care of orphans, burden of children orphaned by AIDS and projections, impact of AIDS orphans on Cameroon, AIDS orphans assisted through the integrated care approach, and comparism of the policies of orphans care in the central African sub-region. We also used our participatory approach working experience with traditional rulers, administrative authorities and health stakeholders in Yaounde I and Yaounde VI Councils, Nanga Eboko Health District, Isangelle and Ekondo Titi Health Areas, Bafaka-Balue, PLAN Cameroon, the Pan African Institute for Development-West Africa, Save the orphans Foundation, Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Public Health. Results show that only 9% of all OVC in Cameroon are given any form of support. AIDS death continue to rise in Cameroon. In 1995, 7,900 people died from AIDS in the country; and the annual number rose to 25,000 in 2000. Out of 1,200,000 orphans and vulnerable children in Cameroon in 2010, 300,000(25%) were AIDS orphans. Orphans and the number of children orphaned by AIDS has increased dramatically from 13,000 in 1995 to 304,000 in 2010. By 2020, this number is projected to rise to 350,000. These deaths profoundly affect families, which often are split up and left without any means of support. Similarly, the death of many people in their prime working years hamper the economy. Businesses are adversely affected due to the need to recruit and train new staff. Health and social service systems suffer from the loss of health workers, teachers, and other skilled workers. OVC due to HIV/AIDS are a major public health problem in Cameroon as the HIV prevalence continues its relentless increase with 141 new infections per day. In partnership with the Ministry of Social Affairs and other development organizations, the Ministry of Public Health has been striving hard to provide for the educational and medical needs of the OVC, vocational training for the out-of- school OVC and income generating activities for foster families and families headed by children. A continous multi-sectorial approach headed by the government to solve the problem of OVC due to AIDS is very important. In line with the foregoing, recommendations are proposed for the way forward.

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Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T., Kehinde M. Akinseye, Iyanuoluwa I. Odewuyi, Rashidat O. Olayinka, Oluwasegun E. Ajibawo, Imoleayo A. Ogunleye, and Ifeoluwa I. Oyeyemi. "Malaria and Insecticide-Treated Net (ITN) Utilization among Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nigeria." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jim-2021-0012.

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Abstract Background: The lack of empirical data on the malaria status of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), access to long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), and knowledge about the disease can hamper the development of effective policies and programs to address their malaria-related needs. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge of malaria transmission and utilization of LLINs among OVC in Ondo metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January and March 2018. The study was carried out among 66 OVC (age 5–19 years) using questionnaires. Information on socio-demography, LLIN utilization, knowledge and risks of malaria transmission among OVC was sought. Results: The use of LLINs (80.9%) among OVC was significantly higher than the use of insecticide spray (6.1%) and mosquito coils (12.1%) (p <0.0001). Knowledge about malaria transmission was relatively high, and the majority of children (60.6%) believed malaria is mostly transmitted during the dry season. Fewer children (21.2%) had a history of malaria in the last 3 months. Conclusions: The risk of malaria transmission was low among OVC. Continuous accessibility of orphanage homes to LLINs should be sustained to prevent malaria transmission among OVC.

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Moses, Lubaale Yovani A. "Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Uganda; Are Orphans More Malnourished Than Non-Orphans." Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2013): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20130202.16.

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Shann, Mary H., Malcolm H. Bryant, Mohamad I. Brooks, Paul Bukuluki, Denis Muhangi, Joe Lugalla, and Gideon Kwesigabo. "The Effectiveness of Educational Support to Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Tanzania and Uganda." ISRN Public Health 2013 (January 10, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/518328.

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Little evidence is available to assist policy makers and donors in deciding what kinds of programs in developing countries are more likely to be effective in supporting the entry and continuation of OVC in secondary schools. This is particularly important for females whose education has direct bearing on child mortality in the next generation. This study gathered four kinds of educational outcome measures in two East African countries ravaged by the AIDS/HIV pandemic. The goal was to determine whether direct scholarship aid to individual students versus various forms of block grants would be more effective in promoting lower rates of absenteeism, lower dropout rates, higher national examination scores, and higher pass rates for OVC of both genders. Insufficient evidence was available for recipients of scholarships, but OVC with block grant support performed as well or better than their non-OVC counterparts, and significantly better than OVC without support. Contrary to popular belief, girls had lower rates of absenteeism. There were no gender differences in dropout. However, boys consistently outperformed girls on academic tests. Insufficient data systems continue to impede more detailed analysis.

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Pillay, Jace. "Social justice implications for educational psychologists working with orphans and vulnerable children in South Africa." School Psychology International 41, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034319893005.

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The aim of this article is to discuss the social justice implications for educational psychologists working with orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) who comprise 3.7 million of the population in South Africa. The author begins with a global conceptualisation of social justice and then discusses the nature of social justice in South Africa. This is followed by an exploration of social justice within the discipline of educational psychology and how it would apply to the contexts of OVC, especially taking their psychosocial and educational challenges into consideration. These challenges allude to the point that educational psychologists have to be active agents of social justice who advocate for better learning and development opportunities for OVC to succeed in life. Thus, the social justice implications for educational psychologists working with OVC are discussed. In concluding, the author points out the global value of this article noting that OVC and educational psychologists are prevalent across the globe.

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Sitienei, Emily Chepngetich, and Jace Pillay. "Psychosocial support for orphans and vulnerable children in a community-based organization in Kericho, Kenya." Journal of Children's Services 14, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-04-2018-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) on the kind of psychosocial support they receive in a community-based organization (CBO) in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach This is a mixed approach study that utilized a qualitative approach through individual interviews and quantitative approach through the use of unstructured and structured questionnaire for data collection. This mixed approach was selected since rich information could be obtained from individual interviews and was validated through quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews for OVC, social workers and child counseling psychologist. The items used in the individual interview guide were generated based on three areas of research interests, namely, psychological, educational and social interventions. The individual interview questions focused on what was currently being offered to OVC, their views about such services, the challenges they might be facing and suggestions for improvement. The unstructured questionnaire was designed in an open-ended manner to allow the respondents to express their views freely on the kind of psychosocial support they were receiving within the CBO. The unstructured questionnaire was divided into thematic areas, namely, psychological support, social support and educational support. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data on psychosocial support that children receive within the CBO. The items were in form of a “YES/NO” format since the children could be able to understand them so easily and respond accordingly. Both methods of data collection were selected to allow triangulation of data and improve the credibility and generalizability of data. Findings The findings of this study revealed that the psychosocial support for the OVC was taken care of within the CBO. The OVC get psychological support through the counseling and peer-group support, while educational intervention was done through the provision of school uniforms and educational materials. But there is a need to encourage the families to engage in income generating activities so as to help them become independent instead of overburdening the CBO which is already straining in terms of resources. The OVC also get health care support as well as shelter and accommodation. Research limitations/implications The study had few limitations just like any other study. One of the limitations was the few numbers of participants who took part in the study. A larger sample could have provided more information that can easily be generalized to other OVC within any given organization. But despite this limitation, the information obtained was useful in shedding light on the kind of psychosocial support that the OVC is receiving within the CBO. Practical implications Resources are required for an extensive research to establish the effectiveness of such services on improving the lives of OVC within the society rather than the superficial way of care without considering their psychosocial well-being. This study recommends that more support is required from the governments, the donors and other international bodies to support the escalating numbers of OVC within the society. Social implications Since the numbers of OVC are escalating globally, the findings of this study could add value to the importance of psychosocial support that the OVC receive within the CBO. It also gives directions for policy and program development that targets OVC in Kenya and in other parts of the world. Originality/value This is a research paper whereby the data were collected from the OVC and analyzed to generate first-hand information.

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Goodman, Michael, Aleisha Elliott, Stanley Gitari, Philip H. Keiser, and Lauren A. Raimer-Goodman. "Improved water and household water purification practices among orphans and vulnerable children in a multi-sectoral empowerment program in Eastern province, Kenya." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 3 (January 5, 2016): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.230.

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Water quality is an important determinant of diarrheal illnesses, especially affecting children in sub-Saharan Africa. Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa are at increased risk of poor quality drinking water, and therefore of diarrheal illness. The present study assesses primary drinking water source and typical household water purification among OVC households involved in a multi-sectoral empowerment program in semi-rural Kenya. Findings show water purification practices, but not water source, significantly increase with more time in the program. Other factors associated with safer water include household income, orphan type, food consumption and security, school completion, psychological resilience, engaging in sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months, and previous year's financial status. Incorporating water quality improvements in a community-based empowerment program such as the one described may be one method of improving water quality and decreasing diarrheal illnesses among OVCs in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Bamgboye, Elijah, Tayo Odusote, Iyabode Olusanmi, Joshua Akinyemi, Yussuf Bidemi, Ayo Adebowale, Ashaolu Gbenga, and Oladapo Ladipo. "Socio-economic status and hunger among orphans and vulnerable children households in Lagos State, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.47.

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Background: HIV/AIDS has contributed to increasing orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria. A measure of vulner- ability is household hunger. Objective: To assess level of household hunger and associated factors among OVC households in Lagos State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1300 OVC households in 5 selected Local Government Areas. The LGAs were select- ed using the Household Vulnerability Assessment index. Data collection was by personal interview of households’ heads/ caregivers using a structured questionnaire capturing socio-demographic, household economic profile and food-related variables. A multivariate logit model was fitted to identify independent predictors of household hunger after adjusting for confounding variables. Results: The population density was 5.1 and 52.8% were females. A larger proportion of females (84.6%) than males (78.3%) reported that they had no food to eat in the last four weeks prior the survey. Poor household economic status (OR=1.41, CI: 1.03-1.92), age and marital status of caregiver were independent predictors of household hunger. The odds of hunger increased with caregiver’s age; higher in households headed by never married (OR=3.99, CI: 1.15-13.89) and di- vorced/separated caregivers (OR=2.39, CI: 1.11-5.12). Conclusion: OVC households experienced severe hunger. Household economic strengthening would be useful strategy to mitigate the nutrition challenges of OVC in Lagos state. Keywords: Orphans; vulnerable; children; households food security; caregivers; economy; Nigeria.

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Murray, Sarah McIvor, Paul Bolton, Jeremy C. Kane, Daniel P. Lakin, Stephanie Skavenski Van Wyk, Ravi Paul, and Laura K. Murray. "Measuring Symptoms of Psychopathology in Zambian Orphans and Vulnerable Children: Scale Validation and Psychometric Evaluation." Assessment 27, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 1335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118780455.

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There is a paucity of validated mental health measures for assessing psychological well-being among HIV-affected youth. We sought to explore the psychometric properties and validity of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report and Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) living in Lusaka, Zambia. These scales were administered to 210 OVC aged 13 to 17 years via audio computer-assisted self-interview. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess scale structure, Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, and correlations between scales related to mental or psychosocial health for construct validity. A known-groups validation was conducted using local identifications of youth with and without significant psychosocial problems, and test–retest reliability was assessed. Scales exhibited good internal reliability (α > .80), adequate criterion validity (area under the curve > .70), and moderate test–retest reliability (.62-.68). Findings support the utility of these symptom scales for identifying OVC experiencing significant psychosocial problems in Zambia.

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Mnubi-Mchombu, Chiku, and Dennis N. Ocholla. "INFORMATION NEEDS AND SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN, THEIR CAREGIVERS, AND SERVICE PROVIDERS IN RURAL REGIONS IN NAMIBIA." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1698.

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A big problem in Namibia is the issue of destitute orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), many of whose parents have died from HIV/AIDS related illnesses. This study sought to examine the information needs of OVC and their caregivers and their information seeking strategies in managing the OVC situation in Namibia. Both qualitative and quantitative survey research methods were employed. Questionnaires were posted to various service providers, while interviews were conducted with OVC and their caregivers. Focus group discussions were also used for caregivers and informants in order to collect data on the respondentsâ€™ general attitudes, feelings, beliefs, experiences and reactions. The study took place in the rural Ohangwena region in January 2009 and urban Khomas region in April 2009. The preliminary findings indicated that there was a higher school dropout rate among rural OVC. Both rural and urban OVC expressed the need for financial assistance or grants, child care support, feeding schemes and health services as their top priorities. The rural OVC said they required information about school development fund exemptions, financial assistance or grants, health services, childcare support, and training opportunities. The urban OVC expressed the same priorities except for counselling, which was added to their list instead of training opportunities. Both the rural and urban OVC stated that they consulted relatives, teachers and friends for advice or information, thus indicating that interpersonal sources of information were the most important source of information. The study provided useful information for interventions and further research.

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Kris, Eale E., and Mphuthi David. "Perceptions of Parents/Guardians About the Effectiveness of Future Families Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programme in Olievenhoutbosch, South Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 4 (March 5, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n4p20.

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The people with the greatest stake in Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVC) interventions are the children and their parents/guardians. Unfortunately, most OVC programmes are predesigned and implemented without considering beneficiaries’ perceptions when developing solutions (ALI 2007:15). The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of orphans and vulnerable children’s parents/guardians about the effectiveness of Future Families’ children programme in Olievenhoutbosch as a way to explore how much they are involved in the process of designing the programme activities and if they perceive the programme as effective in responding to their family needs.. This study used a qualitative, explorative and descriptive design. Thirteen (13) parents/guardians of children registered with the Future Families were interviewed on the effectiveness of the Future Families programme using a semi-structure interview guide. The study results suggested that parents/guardians were happy with Future Families’ services and believed the programme is effective in responding to their families’ needs. However, the researcher questioned the meaning of that happiness and established that beneficiaries were not involved in the program key planning activities including programme resource management and could not appreciate the value of the service that is provided to them against the funding value. The researcher also established that beneficiaries perceived the programme interventions as if it was a favour from the implementing organisation. That perception conditioned beneficiaries’ attitude to be thankful to the programme instead of having open criticism toward the program.

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Thomas, Tina, Mei Tan, Yusra Ahmed, and Elena L. Grigorenko. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS Worldwide." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 853–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa022.

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Abstract Background Worldwide, there are more than 13.3 million orphans and vulnerable children affected by Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (HIV OVC), defined as individuals below the age of 18 who have lost one or both parents to HIV/AIDS or have been made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS; they are at risk for negative psychosocial and cognitive outcomes. Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to examine the scientific literature on available interventions for HIV OVC, with a focus on community-based interventions (CBI). Methods Systematic electronic searches were conducted from four databases between October 2016 and April 2017 to identify articles investigating the effectiveness of interventions for HIV OVC. Effect sizes were calculated for each article which provided enough information and data points for analyses. Results Seventy-four articles were reviewed, including psychosocial interventions (d = 0.30), cognitive interventions (d = 0.14), social protection interventions (d = 0.36), and community-based interventions (CBI; d = 0.36). Study-specific effect sizes varied widely, ranging from −1.09 to 2.26, that is, from a negative effect to an impressively large positive one, but the majority of studies registered small to medium effects (the overall effect size for all studies was 0.32, SE = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.26–0.37). Social protection interventions had the highest positive outcomes whereas CBI tended to have the fewest significant positive outcomes, with some outcomes worsening instead of improving. Conclusions Overall, interventions provided to OVC have potential for improving cognitive, psychosocial, and risk-behavior outcomes. Social protection interventions and CBI had the highest effect sizes, but CBI had positive effects on fewer outcomes and demonstrated some negative effects. CBI warrant scrutiny for improvement, as they represent an important form of culturally embedded services with potentially long-term benefits to OVC, yet appear to be differentially effective. Successful components of other types of intervention were identified, including cash grants, mentorship, and family therapy. In addition, more research is needed that attends to which interventions may be more effective for specific populations, or that studies cost-effectiveness.

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Burnett, Cora. "Reflections on human rights education from the orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) sector in Mozambique." Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 1860275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1860275.

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Theron, Linda, Kate Cockcroft, and Lesley Wood. "The resilience-enabling value of African folktales: The read-me-to-resilience intervention." School Psychology International 38, no. 5 (September 25, 2017): 491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034317719941.

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Resilience, or the process of adjusting well to adversity, draws on personal and social ecological resources (i.e., caregiving and community supports). Previous research—conducted mostly in the Global North—has shown that bibliotherapy offers a way to support children in identifying and utilizing resilience-enabling resources. In so doing, bibliotherapy has the potential to facilitate resilience. In this article, we confirm the resilience-supporting value of bibliotherapy for African orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). To do so, we report the quantitative and qualitative pre- and post-test results of the Read-me-to-Resilience Study ( N = 345). This quasi-experimental study showed that African children who listened to indigenous resilience-themed stories had a significantly increased awareness of personal and community-based protective resources post-intervention, than those who did not. Interestingly, there was no significant increase in their perceptions of caregiving resources. The findings suggest that school psychologists and teachers should include resilience-enabling stories in their support of children who are orphaned. However, further research is needed on how best to use stories in ways that will enable children to identify caregiving resources.

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Kang’ethe, S. M., and Abigail Makuyan. "Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Care Institutions: Exploring Their Possible Damage to Children in a Few Countries of the Developing World." Journal of Social Sciences 38, no. 2 (February 2014): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2014.11893241.

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Githae Ngethe, Grace. "Influence of Finance in Mainstreaming Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Nyeri Central District, Kenya." International Journal of Elementary Education 4, no. 1 (2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150401.12.

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Cornman, H., J. Smolow, S. Shumba, and A. Mpungu. "Working to strengthen orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) service provision by building capacity of local Zimbabwean partners." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.829.

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Rau, Asta. "Emotions and Belonging: Constructing Individual Experience and Organizational Functioning in the Context of an Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Program." Qualitative Sociology Review 14, no. 4 (January 8, 2019): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.14.4.03.

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The analytical approach of this article is inspired by C. Wright Mills’ (1959) notion of “the sociological imagination.” Individual experience is viewed through the lens of the wider social context, particularly that of the organization. The socio-organizational context is then viewed through the lens of individual experience. The aim of this bi-directional gaze is to explore the relationship between individual experience and wider society. And in doing so, to identify and reveal the shared motifs—the significant, recurrent themes and patterns—that link and construct personal experience and social world. The aims, findings, and research processes of the original study are rooted in the instrumental epistemology of program evaluation. Specifically, a mixed-method implementation-evaluation of a local non-governmental organization’s Orphans and Vulnerable Children program. The aim of this article is to take the analyses and findings of that evaluation beyond its epistemic roots. Qualitative data were disentangled from the confines of thematic analysis and freed into their original narrative form. This allowed for a deeply reflexive “second reading,” which brings whole narratives into a dialogue with original findings, contextual factors, and sociological discourse. Key conceptual anchors are located in Vanessa May’s ideas on the self and belonging, and in Margaret Wetherell’s writings on affect and emotion. These are important aspects of working with children, particularly orphans and vulnerable children in South Africa, where many fall through the cracks of government’s social services. A second, deeper, qualitative reading of the narratives of children, their parents/caregivers, and the organization’s staff, explores three key pathways of individual and group experience that are inextricably linked to emotions and belonging, and which co-construct the social functioning of the organization itself.

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Lombe, Margaret, Harriet Mabikke, Ngozi Victoria Enelamah, and Yoosun Chu. "Conceptualizing the African child as orphan and vulnerable: A label in need of redefinition?" International Social Work 62, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817710546.

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Despite the decline in AIDS-related deaths worldwide, the consequence of the disease continues to be felt. This is exemplified in the unprecedented numbers of adult deaths and inability of the extended family to cope. These factors have impacted the welfare of children negatively. Focusing specifically on sub-Saharan Africa, a region severely struck by the pandemic, we examine the effects of the label ‘Orphan and Vulnerable Children’ (OVC), which has been utilized to identify children affected by HIV/AIDS, on the welfare of the affected children. Implications for policy, practice, and scholarship are suggested.

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Monasch, R., J. Stover, M. Loudon, D. Kabira, and N. Walker. "National response to orphans and other vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa: The OVC Policy and Planning Effort Index, 2004." Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450120601133791.

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Akuma, Joseph Misati. "Social Protection for Orphaned and Vulnerable Children in Kenya: Initiatives, Opportunities and Challenges." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p235-241.

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HIV/AIDS, conflicts and other crises have swelled the number of OVC's in sub - Saharan Africa, thereby threatening the realization of the Millennium Development Goals in the areas of Education, Health, Nutrition, and Poverty reduction. In Kenya, Social Protection is explicitly prioritized in Vision 2030, the newly promulgated Constitution of Kenya 2010 and in the National Affirmative Action Policies. Between 2005 and 2010, expenditure on Social Protection rose from Ksh. 33.4 billion to Ksh57.1 billion, which is equivalent to 2.28 per cent GDP.The above notwithstanding, discourse analysis involving a critical review of existing literature indicates that Poverty and vulnerability remain high in the country. Hence, clearly, there exists knowledge gaps on the response to the OVC situation, and in Particular, the impact of the various Policies and strategies aimed at interventions for the welfare of OVC's in the country. This paper attempts to synthesize current knowledge on the models and practice of policies targeting OVC's in Kenya with a view to bringing out discontinuities in order to inform future initiatives, especially those emerging from the framework of the newly promulgated constitution. Data was obtained mainly from secondary sources including: Sessional Papers, National Development Plans and Statistical abstracts. It is recommended that: Development of a Management Information System to capture information about OVC's, Strengthening Community Based support systems, Mainstreaming social protection in the programmes of all Government Ministries as opposed to the current six, Providing training and facilitation alongside the financial means to care – givers in vulnerable families, Prioritizing provision of Psycho –social support in addition to the material support currently offered, and reflecting OVC as a priority special needs in all sectoral policy planning and strategy process will go a long way in guarding against the escalating crisis of the vulnerable children which threatens to tear at the very fabric of childhood.

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Gill, Michelle M., Ola Jahanpour, Roland van de Ven, Asheri Barankena, Peris Urasa, and Gretchen Antelman. "HIV risk screening and HIV testing among orphans and vulnerable children in community settings in Tanzania: Acceptability and fidelity to lay-cadre administration of the screening tool." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): e0248751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248751.

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Introduction HIV risk screening tool validation studies have not typically included process evaluations to understand tool implementation. The study aim was to assess the fidelity to which an HIV risk screening tool was administered by lay workers and acceptability of delivering home-based screening coupled with HIV testing to beneficiaries in an orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) program. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted March-April 2019 in two regions of Tanzania. Community case workers (CCW) were observed conducting screenings with OVC 2–19 years and participated in focus group discussions. Research staff used structured observation checklists to capture if screening questions were asked or reworded by CCW. In-depth interviews were conducted with older adolescents and caregivers in their homes following screening and testing. A composite score was developed for the checklist. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed to address screening and testing perceptions and experiences. Results CCW (n = 32) participated in 166 observations. Commonly skipped items were malnutrition (34% of all observed screenings) and sexual activity and pregnancy (20% and 45% of screenings for adolescents only). Items frequently re-worded included child abuse (22%) and malnutrition (15%). CCW had an average composite observation score of 42/50. CCW in focus groups (n = 34) found the screening process acceptable. However, they described rewording some questions viewed as harsh or socially inappropriate to ask. Overall, adolescent beneficiaries (n = 17) and caregivers (n = 25) were satisfied with home-based screening and testing and reported no negative consequences. Learning one’s HIV negative status was seen as an opportunity to discuss or recommit to healthy behaviors. While respondents identified multiple benefits of home testing, they noted the potential for privacy breaches in household settings. Conclusions We found sub-optimal fidelity to the administration of the screening tool by CCW in home environments to children and adolescents enrolled in an OVC program. Improvements to questions and their delivery and ongoing mentorship could strengthen tool performance and HIV case finding using a targeted testing approach. Overall, home-based HIV risk screening and testing were acceptable to beneficiaries and CCW, could improve testing uptake, and serve as a platform to promote healthy behaviors for those with limited health system interactions.

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Kasese-Hara, Mambwe, Mzikazi Nduna, Misheck Ndebele, and Noleen Pillay. "Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Caregivers and Households of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) from a Low-Income South African Community." Journal of Psychology in Africa 22, no. 3 (January 2012): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2012.10820551.

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Guyatt, Helen, Florence Muiruri, Peter Mburu, and Ann Robins. "Prevalence and predictors of underweight and stunting among children under 2 years of age in Eastern Kenya." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 9 (January 27, 2020): 1599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003793.

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AbstractObjective:To investigate key risk factors associated with undernutrition in the first few years of life.Design:A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in January 2018 collecting anthropometric data and other information on household, caregiver and child characteristics. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to assess the association of these characteristics with stunting and underweight outcomes.Setting:Kitui and Machakos counties in south-east Kenya.Participants:Caregivers and their children aged 0–23 months in 967 beneficiary households of the Government of Kenya’s cash for orphans and vulnerable children (CT-OVC) social protection scheme.Results:Twenty-three per cent of the 1004 children with anthropometric data were stunted, 10 % were underweight and 6 % experienced wasting. The strongest predictors of stunting and underweight were being in the second year of life and being born with a low birth weight. Residing in a poor household and having more than one child under 2 years of age in the household were also significant risk factors for being underweight. Although 43 % of children did not receive the minimal acceptable diet, this was not a significant factor associated with undernutrition. When age was removed as a covariate in children aged 12–23 months, being male resulted in a significantly higher risk of being stunted.Conclusions:While only 9 % of children were born with a low birth weight, these were four to five times more likely to be stunted and underweight, suggesting that preventive measures during pregnancy could have significant nutrition and health benefits for young children in this study area.

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Smith Fawzi, Mary C., Susan R. Holman, Robert Kiley, Michelle Li, Donna Barry, Sachini Bandara, and Arlan Fuller. "Closing the Implementation Gap in Services for Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: From Assisting Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) to Providing Long-term Opportunities for Economic Growth." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 22, no. 4 (2011): 1401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2011.0133.

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Belay, Tefera, and Mulatie Missaye. "Risks, protection factors and resilience among orphan and vulnerable Children (OVC) in Ethiopia: Implications for intervention." International Journal of Psychology and Counselling 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijpc2013.0241.

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Bajaria, Shraddha, Amon Exavery, Noreen Toroka, Asheri Barankena, John Charles, and Levina Kikoyo. "Factors Associated with HIV Status Disclosure to Orphans and Vulnerable Children Living with HIV: Results from a Longitudinal Study in Tanzania." AIDS Research and Treatment 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6663596.

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Background. The Tanzanian national guideline for pediatric HIV disclosure recommends beginning disclosure as early as age 4–6 years; full disclosure is recommended at the age of 8–10 years. Despite clear procedures, the disclosure rate in Tanzania remains relatively low. This study assessed the factors associated with HIV status disclosure to orphans and vulnerable children living with HIV (OVCLHIV). Methods. Data for this analysis come from the USAID-funded Kizazi Kipya program in Tanzania that provides health and social services to OVC and caregivers of HIV-affected households. Data were collected between January 2018 and March 2019. Disclosure status was self-reported by caregivers of children aged 8 years or above. Beneficiary characteristics were included as independent variables. Generalized estimating equations took into account the clustering effect of the study design. Results. Of the 10673 OVCLHIV, most were females (52.43%), and 80.67% were enrolled in school. More than half (54.89%) were from households in rural areas. Caregivers were mostly females (70.66%), three quarters were between 31 and 60 years old and had a complete primary education (67.15%), and 57.75% were HIV-infected. Most of the OVCLHIV (87.31%) had a disclosed HIV status. Greater OVCLHIV age p < 0.001 , school enrollment (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.06, 1.41), urban location of household (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.44, 1.86), caregivers’ higher education level p < 0.001 , and caregiver HIV-positive status (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.09, 1.43) were positively associated with disclosure status. OVCLHIV of female caregivers were 27% less likely to have been disclosed than those of male caregivers. Conclusion. The disclosure rate among OVCLHIV in this study was high. Disclosure of HIV status is crucial and beneficial for OVCLHIV continuum of care. Caregivers should be supported for the disclosure process through community-based programs and involvement of health volunteers. Policymakers should take into consideration the characteristics of children, their caregivers, and location of households in making disclosure guidelines as adaptable as possible.

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Chikoko, Witness, Victor N. Muzvidziwa, Watch Ruparanganda, and Emelia Chikoko. "The perceptions and attitudes of adolescent street girls on the use of traditional medicine and commercial sex work in Harare Central Business District." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 2 (2018): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i2.52.

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The paper argues that there is a close relationship between use of traditional medicine and commercial sex work among adolescent street girls in Harare Central Business District. As a result of using the traditional medicine one could argue that this demonstrates agency of these young adults. The agency is demonstrated when these adolescent girls use the medicine to facilitate commercial sex work. On the other hand one could argue that, use of traditional medicine in commercial sex work illustrates huge rights violations prevalent on the streets of Harare Central Business District. The behaviours associated with commercial sex work and use of traditional medicine could be viewed as contravening some provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child (UNCRC) (1989), African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children (ACRWC) (1999). Included are violations of some of the national child rights laws and policies such as the Children’s Act (5.06), Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act (9.23) and the National Action Plan for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children (NAP for OVCs) (2011-2015). This study is part of the researcher’s doctoral study which used street ethnography and qualitative research methodology.

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Kaljee, Linda, Kelvin Munjile, Anitha Menon, Stephen Tembo, Xiaoming Li, Liying Zhang, Jacob Malungo, Bonita Stanton, and Lisa Langhaug. "The ‘Teachers Diploma Program’ in Zambian Government Schools: A Baseline Qualitative Assessment of Teachers’ and Students’ Strengths and Challenges in the Context of a School-Based Psychosocial Support Program." International Education Studies 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n2p92.

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In Zambia, as elsewhere throughout sub-Saharan Africa, orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) face multiple physical, emotional, social and psychological challenges which often negatively affect opportunities for educational attainment. REPSSI (Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative), in collaboration with, the University of Cape Town and other African academic institutions, developed the Teachers’ Diploma Program as part of the Mainstreaming Psychosocial Care and Support into Education Systems to provide teachers and school administrators with the knowledge and skills to provide needed support to students and enhance their learning environments. During initial implementation of the Teachers’ Diploma Program in Zambia (2013-2016), qualitative data was collected as a part of larger outcomes and process evaluation. In the current paper, these qualitative data are presented to describe baseline challenges and strengths within the Zambian government school system and early indicators of change during the first ten months of program implementation. These in-depth data provide both teachers’ and students’ experiences and perspectives and are being utilized to further strengthen the Teachers’ Diploma Program as the Zambian Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Childhood moves forward with plans to implement the training at a national level in colleges of teacher education.

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Lewis, Stephen. "Orphans and Vulnerable Children." Reproductive Health Matters 13, no. 25 (January 2005): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-8080(05)25162-5.

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Lee, Veronica C., Patrick Muriithi, Ulrike Gilbert-Nandra, Andrea A. Kim, Mary E. Schmitz, James Odek, Rose Mokaya, and Jennifer S. Galbraith. "Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Kenya." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 66 (May 2014): S89—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000117.

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Freidus, Andrea. "“SAVING” MALAWI: FAITHFUL RESPONSES TO ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN." NAPA Bulletin 33, no. 1 (July 2, 2010): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4797.2010.01040.x.

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Makufa, Syloid Choice, Daisy Kisyombe, Nicole Miller, and Nanette Barkey. "Empowering caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children in Swaziland." African Journal of AIDS Research 16, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2017.1387579.

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Santa-Ana-Tellez, Yared, Lisa M. DeMaria, and Omar Galárraga. "Costs of interventions for AIDS orphans and vulnerable children." Tropical Medicine & International Health 16, no. 11 (August 21, 2011): 1417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02856.x.

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Mushunje, Mildred T., and Muriel Mafico. "Social protection for orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe: The case for cash transfers." International Social Work 53, no. 2 (March 2010): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809355385.

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The unprecedented number of orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe has created an urgent need to create innovative ways to provide for the social protection of these children. Innovative packages consisting of educational, food and psychosocial support are being implemented by non-governmental organizations. However, as the orphan crisis continues to deepen, more needs to be done and, learning from the experiences of other countries, the option of cash transfers for social protection for orphans and vulnerable children offers an attractive option for Zimbabwe. This article explores the possibility of using cash transfers for the support of orphans and vulnerable children and highlights the challenges and strengths of this approach.

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Senefeld, Shannon, and Paul Clayton Perrin. "Applying an ecological model to orphans and vulnerable children programming." Development in Practice 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2014.866215.

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I. Eneji, Rosemary, and Esther Patrick Archibong. "Social Challenges to the Education of Orphaned and Vulnerable Children in Eleme, Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0038.

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Nigerian children under prolonged suffering because of loss of parents are faced with several challenges such as dropping out of school; in some cases, they may even be taken out of school to care for the home. In this study, we determined the challenges (financial, emotional and psychological) to the education of orphaned and vulnerable children in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. All the 396 orphans in orphanages in the study Area constituted the study population. A Questionnaire captioned “the challenges to the education of orphans and vulnerable children, a case study of Eleme Local Government Areas of Rivers State”, was developed for the study. Whether male or female, the children held that financial situations and emotional stress, to a high extent affected their education. The children attempt to cope with these challenges by being frugal, seeking company among themselves, and trying to develop the ability to manage their emotions. Clearly, the provision of access to finance (e.g., through special bursaries and grants) and guidance and counselling professionals will enhance the continuity and performance of orphans and vulnerable children in the schools. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

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Kirkpatrick, Sharon M., Wilaiporn Rojjanasrirat, Beverly J. South, Jeri A. Sindt, and Lee A. Williams. "Assessment of Emotional Status of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Zambia." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 44, no. 2 (May 3, 2012): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01447.x.

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Arnab, R., and P. A. E. Serumaga-Zake. "Orphans and vulnerable children in Botswana: the impact of HIV/AIDS." Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 1, no. 3 (October 27, 2006): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450120600973445.

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Kumar, Anant. "AIDS Orphans and Vulnerable Children in India: Problems, Prospects, and Concerns." Social Work in Public Health 27, no. 3 (March 29, 2012): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2010.525136.

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Ramabu, Nankie M. "Botswana children's needs: orphans and vulnerable children dominated child welfare system." Heliyon 6, no. 4 (April 2020): e03801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03801.

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Kind-Kovács, Friederike. "The heroes’ children: Rescuing the Great War’s orphans." Journal of Modern European History 19, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894421992688.

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World War I and its aftermath produced a particularly vulnerable group of child victims: war orphans. This group included children whose fathers had fallen in battle, who had disappeared, or who had not (yet) returned home. Most of Europe’s war and postwar societies witnessed the massive presence of these child victims, and responded in various ways to rescue them and secure their future survival. This article offers an exploration of the ways in which the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and then later the post-imperial Hungarian state, became invested in providing care and relief to Hungarian war orphans. In contrast to other groups of child victims, whose parents were blamed for neglecting their parental duties, war orphans as the offspring of ‘war heroes’ profited from the public appreciation of their fathers’ sacrifice for the war effort and the Hungarian nation. The public discourse in the contemporary Hungarian media offers a glimpse into the emergence of a new public visibility of these child victims and of a new recognition of the societal obligation to care for them. Exploring World War I and its aftermath as a telling example of political transformation in the 20th century, the article showcases how war orphans were taken to personify essential notions of war- and postwar destruction, while also capturing visions of postwar recovery. It furthermore examines how welfare discourses and relief practices for Hungary’s war orphans were embedded in contemporary gender norms, notions of proper Christian morality and ethnic nationalism. On this basis, the article assesses the ways in which the case of Hungary’s war orphans not only mirrors the professionalization but also the fundamental transformation of child welfare in the aftermath of World War I.

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Ladaphongphatthana, Kanthamanee. "Holistic Orphan Care: A Call for Change in Caring for Orphans and Vulnerable Children." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 38, no. 1 (January 2021): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378820983355.

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Christians care for orphans and children without parental care in different forms. However, in the Global South, care is primarily provided in orphanages or large residential settings. Despite good intentions, there are limitations to provide a nurturing family environment for the children in such care environment. With current knowledge of alternative child care and in light of the holistic ministry, this article suggests an approach for the church to care for orphans and children at risk by focusing on the family and the local community. Additionally, simple steps to transition to holistic orphan care are offered.

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Chitiyo, Morgan, Darlington M. Changara, and George Chitiyo. "Providing psychosocial support to special needs children: A case of orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Educational Development 28, no. 4 (July 2008): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2007.05.009.

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Stover, J., L. Bollinger, N. Walker, and R. Monasch. "Resource needs to support orphans and vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa." Health Policy and Planning 22, no. 1 (December 8, 2006): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czl033.

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Pillay, Jace. "Factors leading to orphans and vulnerable children living in community-based homes." Journal of Psychology in Africa 26, no. 6 (December 14, 2016): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1250416.

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Thwala, S'lungile K. "The role of culture in psychosocial development of orphans and vulnerable children." International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 18, no. 2 (June 2013): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.665169.

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Chui, Cheryl, and Lucy P. Jordan. "The role of international non-governmental organizations in service delivery for orphans and abandoned children in China." International Social Work 60, no. 5 (October 14, 2016): 1154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816660603.

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This article examines the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in social welfare provision in addressing the developmental and material needs of orphans in rural China. Data from qualitative interviews with INGO representatives and state officials were combined with documentary analysis to investigate the ways in which the state and civil society respond to orphans’ needs. It was found that while INGOs are actively contributing to the social provision of orphans, in part reflecting the pluralization of welfare, there is an urgent need for the Chinese government to play a more proactive role in safeguarding the care and protection of one of China’s most vulnerable population groups.

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Lee, Nanci, Sabrina Beeler Stücklin, Patricia Lopez Rodriguez, Meryem Faris, and Idah Mukaka. "Financial education for HIV-vulnerable youth, orphans and vulnerable children: a systematic review of outcome evidence." Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 14, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2019.1612128.

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