Relevant bibliographies by topics / Children under five

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Children under five'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Children under five"

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Bachalapur, Ajay, Mamatha ., and Ramesh K. "Profile of Under Five Children with Febrile Convulsion (FC)." Indian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Pediatrics 8, no. 2 (2016): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijtep.2348.9987.8216.11.

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Phukan, Jatin. "Inequality in Under-Nutrition among Under-Five Children in Lakhimpur District of Assam." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8895.

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Children of today are citizens of tomorrow, hence improving nutritional status among children becomes extremely important for all the nations. The raw data collected from the Lakhimpur district reveals that the burden of overall nutritional deficiency among children is still too high; on average, two in every five (37%) children had at least one kind of nutritional deficiency. However, the nutritional status of female children has improved over time compared to the male children, but the overall decline is not satisfactory. We have observed a higher inequality of nutritional deficiency among children in Assam by household wealth status (Gini value= 0.498) compared to the mother's education level (Gini value = 0.067). Therefore, it's an urgent need to expand the scope of the ICDS program to provide mass nutrition and health education by making provisions for home visits and primarily targeting pregnant and lactating mothers.
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Roy, ManasPratim. "Malnutrition in under-five children." Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research 7, no. 2 (2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-9727.185023.

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Clark, Margaret M., and William M. Cheyne. "Researches on children under five." Early Child Development and Care 41, no. 1 (January 1988): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443880410102.

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Manjeeta, Dr Manjeeta, Dr Bibhava Vikramaditya, Dr Hari Shankar Joshi, and Dr Amit Kumar Jha. "Under nutrition in diarrhoea affected under-five children." Public Health Review: International Journal of Public Health Research 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijphr.2019.i3.04.

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Kaur, Nimran, Madhu Gupta, Prahbhjot Malhi, and Sandeep Grover. "Screen Time in Under-five Children." Indian Pediatrics 56, no. 9 (September 2019): 773–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-019-1638-8.

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Palaniappan, Saravanakumar, Elizabeth Varakumari Janakiraman, and Saradha Suresh. "Severe Acute Malnutrition in Tribal Under-Five children in Javvadu Hills, Tamil Nadu." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 2947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2022.8.1.3.

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Banda, Wisdom, Mazyanga L. Mazaba, David Mulenga, and Seter Siziya. "Risk factors associated with acute respiratory infections among under-five children admitted to Arthur’s Children Hospital, Ndola, Zambia." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.3.23.

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Mandal, Anirban, and Amitabh Singh. "ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN UNDER FIVE CHILDREN." Indian Journal of Child Health 03, no. 04 (December 25, 2016): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.2016.v03.i04.026.

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Bush, Andrew. "Diagnosis of asthma in children under five." Primary Care Respiratory Journal 16, no. 1 (February 7, 2007): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3132/pcrj.2007.00001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Children under five"

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Chikhungu, Lana. "Modelling under-nutrition in under-five children in Malawi." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354348/.

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Despite numerous Government efforts to tackle the problem of child under-nutrition in Malawi, the levels of child under-nutrition remain high with stunting estimated at 47% and underweight at 12.7% . This thesis investigates whether the levels and patterns of stunting and underweight in Malawi have changed between the years 2000 and 2010 and if so how. It studies how feeding patterns and child immunisation affects child’s nutritional status in Malawi and analyses the different pathways through which household and community level socio-economic factors affect a child’s nutritional status in Malawi. The Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) data sets of 2000, 2004 and 2010 are used in the study of levels and patterns of child under-nutrition in Malawi whilst the 2004 MDHS is used to investigate how feeding patterns and child immunisation affect a child’s nutritionals status in Malawi. The 2004 Malawi Integrated Household Survey data is merged with the 2004 Community level to analyse the pathways through which household and community level socio-economic factors affect child nutritional status in Malawi. Results of this study show that children from communities that have a daily market are less likely to be stunted compared to children from communities without a daily market. Children from communities that trace their descendants through their father have a lower likelihood of stunting compared to children from communities that trace their descendants through the mother due to being of relatively higher economic status. The levels of stunting and underweight have gone down significantly from 54.1% and 21.4% respectively in the year 2000 to 47.1% and 12.7% respectively in 2010. However, the percentage of children that are stunted but not affected with other under-nutrition problems has hardly changed, estimated at 37.2% in 2000 and 36.2% in 2010. Although generally female children are less likely to be stunted and less likely to be underweight, female children are more likely to be underweight as they get older. Contrary to what one would expect, children are more likely to be stunted during harvest time compared to the hunger season. Most of the children are fed food from the local grain, whilst in fact children aged between 7 to 36 months who consume food from animal sources are less likely to be undernourished. Children whose mothers are in possession of a child health card1 are less likely to be underweight. The Malawi Government should therefore intensify its efforts of encouraging mothers to attend under-five clinics, feed children that are undergoing weaning food from animal sources and should invest more in programmes that boost socio-economic status such as education and entrepreneurship skills.
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Mikhala, Paul L. "Understanding the determinants of under five mortality in Kenya." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327252.

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Aheto, Justice Moses Kwaku. "Modelling malnutrition among under-five-year-old children in Ghana." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82143/.

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Childhood malnutrition is a real-life and a chronic problem and one of the global major public health challenges, especially in developing countries like Ghana. Several attempts from governmental and non-governmental organizations to address the problem have fallen below expectation. It is recognised that the existing studies and nutrition intervention strategies are inadequate and hence not working to expectation. This thesis examines childhood malnutrition in Ghana using appropriate and advanced statistical methods to help improve the understanding of childhood nutrition and to better inform targeted public health nutrition interventions in the country. In this thesis, we provided solutions to five main problems: (1) investigated the major risk factors for malnutrition; (2) investigated household level variations in nutritional outcomes of children; (3) explored, modelled and illustrated spatial variations in the risk of childhood malnutrition over Ghana; (4) explored, modelled, forecasted and illustrated spatio-temporal variations in the risk of childhood malnutrition over Ghana; (5) jointly modelled weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) to improve accuracy and reliability in estimates. To answer the first and the second problems, multilevel models were considered. The results showed strong residual household-level variations in under-fives nutritional outcomes and that child’s age, type of birth, child’s experience of diarrhoeal episodes, size of child at birth and months of breast feeding, mother’s education, current age, BMI and national health insurance status, household toilet facility ownership and wealth status were predictive of under-fives nutrition. To answer the third problem, spatial models were employed. The study found substantial spatial variation in the predicted risk of under-fives malnutrition over Ghana and also showed that Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (a marker for vegetation cover), elevation and rural/urban residence status were predictive of under-fives nutritional outcomes. The study considered spatio-temporal models to answer the fourth problem. The results showed substantial spatio-temporal variation in the risk of under-fives chronic malnutrition over Ghana. Our forecasted map of chronic malnutrition showed substantial spatial variation with children from parts of Northern and Western regions being at the highest risk of malnutrition compared to children from other regions of the country. In our forecast maps, the effect of increasing the level of maternal education was shown to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition throughout Ghana. To answer the fifth problem, multivariate response multilevel models were considered. The study found that the residual household effects for WAZ and HAZ are very strongly correlated and that the correlation was stronger for the residual household effects than the residual child effects. This also suggests that after adjusting for risk factors in our model, it is the same as-yet unidentified factors at household level that influence both WAZ and HAZ. The results also showed that there was more accuracy and reliability in estimates from the multivariate response multilevel model over separate multilevel models and showed that the effect of some important risk factors differed substantially across WAZ and HAZ. The findings from this thesis are intended to help policymakers responsible for the health and nutrition of children to design efficient public health policies and targeted nutrition interventions amidst scarce public health resources available in Ghana to better understand, target and to reduce childhood malnutrition prevalence closer to the level expected in a healthy, well-fed population of children under-fives.
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Kukeba, Margaret. "Ethnography of household cultural feeding practices of children under five years in rural northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ethnography-of-household-cultural-feeding-practices-of-children-under-five-years-in-rural-northern-ghana(cac6d660-1ac9-447d-9fc3-1970fdb56df0).html.

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Background: Appropriate child feeding prevents nutrient deficiencies, diseases, and deaths in children. However, only 13.3% of children aged 6-23 months in Ghana receive the minimum acceptable diet. Thus, undernutrition remains high in rural northern Ghana, especially among under-fives. This is showing no improvement despite economic development and implementation of globally recommended nutrition & feeding interventions. There is limited context specific evidence about child feeding in rural northern Ghana. Aim: To examine how culture might impact upon the feeding of children under five years of age in rural northern Ghana. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic study was completed between October 2014 and May 2015. Data were collected in a rural Ghanaian community via participant observation and sixty-one ethnographic interviews with mothers, fathers, and grandparents in 15 households, and spiritual leaders are known as "diviners". Themes were developed through inductive analysis of field notes and verbatim transcribed interviews using a framework approach. Results: The content of a child's diet and the pattern of feeding were found to be influenced by the community's notion of food, taboos, and beliefs which originated in a traditional African religion. Shared household responsibility for feeding children and the gendered and age related hierarchy of household decision making also influenced child feeding. Discussion: This study has shown multifaceted taken-for-granted social and cultural influences on child feeding. Whilst mothers are the main recipients of the official public health nutrition and child feeding advice, the communal structures, living arrangements and social interactions support, enhance, and reinforce the community inclined practices that limit mothers' independent decision making. Conclusion: To effect community change and promote uptake of public health nutrition recommendations, a community wide nutrition intervention approach may be more beneficial than the current approach which targets mothers. Furthermore, community and cultural influences must be understood and considered by health professionals if such interventions are to succeed.
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Al, Hosani H. A. "Mortality in infants and children under five years in Abu Dhabi Emirate." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592058.

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A two stage survey was carried out in order, a) to investigate trends and differentials in infant mortality in Abu Dhabi Emirate from 1980 to 1996 and b) to investigate the influence of risk factors on the problem of mortality under five years. The first stage reviewed infant mortality by sex, ethnicity, locality and cause of death. Data about the births and deaths of children were obtained from the Departments of Preventive Medicine in the three Health Regions of Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and the Western Region; 4523 infant deaths were coded according to the 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The underlying causes of death were grouped into six main categories, namely: infections; congenital anomalies; conditions originating in the perinatal period; ill-defined conditions; accidents and miscellaneous. The rates for infant, perinatal, neonatal and postneonatal mortalities decreased substantially during the study period. The values for these mortality rates (per 1000 live births or total births in the case of the perinatal mortality rate) or 21.55, 20.43, 13.42 and 8.13 respectively in 1980 contrasted with their values of 9.15, 12.12, 5.51 and 3.64 in 1996. By contrast, the stillbirth rate showed the least change, declining from 8.4 in 1980 to a minimum of 7.79 per 1000 total births in 1996. The ratio of postneonatal to neonatal mortality rates remained broadly constant during the study period. In 1996, the under-5 mortality per 1000 live births was 13.1 in Abu Dhabi Emirate. Accidents formed the leading cause of death in the 1-5 year old children in the whole population from 1980 to 1996. A multiple regression technique was used to evaluate the independent effect of the variables (sex, nationality and region) upon the infant mortality rate. The rate of decline of the infant mortality rate appeared to be changing during the study period, which made the models containing the square of the year more fitting to the data points.
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Liias, Nejla. "The possession versus use of mosquito nets for children under five in Kenya." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4139.

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van, Aswegen Tanya. "Factors associated with morbidity and mortality in children under-five years admitted with severe acute malnutrition to a regional paediatric hospital in Kwazulu-Natal." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6741.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Background: Malnutrition is a complex condition profoundly impacting child mortality and morbidity, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Severe acute malnutrition is of growing concern locally where unacceptable mortality rates persist, despite reasonable standards of clinical care. Aim: To determine factors associated with morbidity and mortality in children under-five years admitted with severe acute malnutrition to a regional paediatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. Methodology: This was a quantitative study. A retrospective observational study design was used. Medical records of all children with severe acute malnutrition, under the age of five years, admitted between April 2015 and December 2016 to the regional paediatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal were included. Data was obtained from medical records and admission books. A trained research assistant was used to extract and record data with a piloted data extraction tool. Data was entered and cleaned using Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS (v 20) and STATA (v 14). Descriptive summary statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study population and bivariate analysis using t-tests and Chi-square tests to determine significance. Kaplan Meier and Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the association of variables with morbidity and mortality. Results: Of the 276 eligible case records included in the study, 54% were male and 90% of all cases were younger than 2 years. Even though associations did not reach significance, teenage pregnancy and unemployment was high amongst the caregivers of the study population. Most of the malnourished children admitted (74%) presented with multiple comorbidities. Diarrhoea (43%), HIV- infection (30%) and respiratory tract infections (30%) were the top three comorbidities found, followed by tuberculosis (27%). The overall mortality rate was 8.7%. Survival probability was significantly reduced in children with pneumonia and those who presented with hypoglycaemia, dehydration, dermatosis, severe pallor, altered consciousness or shock on admission (p < 0.05). There was a significantly increased risk of death in males (HR = 0.174, 95%CI = 0.05 - 0.665), and in those who presented with dehydration (HR = 4.1, 95%CI = 1.25 - 13.59), evidence of lethargy or coma (HR = 4.2, 95%CI = 1.04 - 17.12) or multiple clinical signs (HR = 4.4, 95% CI =2.56 - 7.59) on admission (p < 0.05). The comorbidities HIV-infection (HR = 9.9, 95%CI = 1.39 - 70.68) and pneumonia (HR = 3.4, 95%CI = 1.56 - 7.43) showed a significantly increased mortality risk (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study supports the body of evidence that despite reasonable standards of hospital care, it is difficult to obtain the target for severe acute malnutrition mortality (< 5%), likely due to the presence of contextually specific factors. Local interventions at hospital, primary health care and community level is needed, as well as further research to facilitate comprehensive policy-making.
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McCartney, Damon Andrew. "Development of the AnimalSeek method to evaluate the localisation ability of children under five." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13147/.

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This thesis describes the development of a novel game-like method, the AnimalSeek method, which can be used, along with motion tracking technology, to measure localisation ability of a child under five years of age. For the game-like task to be successful, a high number of responses (in particular correct head turn responses) was required. Previous studies, although not all looking at localisation ability, have used many different techniques to obtain the maximum number of responses from a child. The children were engaged inside a custom-built environment inside an anechoic chamber. Three large video screens onto which backgrounds and animated characters were projected and manipulated and used to engage the child in the game-like task. Behind the video screens were loudspeakers from which the auditory stimulus where presented. A correct response to the auditory stimulus i.e. a head, hand or eye movement towards the target speaker was rewarded with a animated character presented on the screens (incorrect responses were presented with a static character). The location of the reward in relation to the auditory stimulus was a point of interest and was investigated to see how it affected the number of responses. The method shows it was possible to engage the child with the visual environment and obtain responses, however, the results showed generally fewer head turn responses than expected, especially in the younger age groups. Motion tracking technology was used to measure the localisation ability of the children, as well as measuring the responses, the motion tracking data was used and programs developed which could automatically classify the responses the children made to the sounds. The thesis has shown that it is possible to devise a new method which can be used to engage the child in the task and extract and classify their responses to auditory stimuli in order to measure their localisation ability.
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Piniel, Abigail. "Factors contributing to severe acute malnutrition among the under five children in Francistown-Botswana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5253.

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Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS)
Introduction: Malnutrition is the immediate result of inadequate dietary intake, the presence of disease or the interaction between these two factors. It is a complicated problem, an outcome of several etiologies. SAM is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five in developing countries. Although studies in Botswana show some improvement in child malnutrition since the 1980s, severe acute malnutrition still remains a cause for concern in many parts of the country. There is little information on undernourishment situation of children under the age of five years in the urban areas of the country. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors to severe acute malnutrition among children under the age of five years in Francistown, Botswana. The UNICEF conceptual framework was used as a guide in assessing and analysing the causes of the nutrition problem in children and assisted in the identification of appropriate solutions. Methods: The study was conducted on cases who had been admitted and referred at any time between March and July 2015. A quantitative research methodology was used to conduct the study. A case-control study design was utilised. Random selection of cases and controls was done on a ratio of 1:2 case per control. Cases included children under the age of five years admitted to Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and those referred to the Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre within the hospital in Francistown-Botswana with a diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition. Controls were children of the same age, gender and attending the same Child welfare clinic as the case and with good nutritional status. Data was collected through face-to-face standardised interviews with care-givers. Results: Data collection was done using a combination of a review of records (child welfare clinic registers, and child welfare clinic cards) and structured questionnaires. 52 cases and 104 controls were selected with the primary or secondary care-giver as the respondent. (N=156). Data was collected using a self-developed structured questionnaire and the review of documents. Of all the cases 36.5% (n=19) were diagnosed with MAM, 46.2% (n=24) with SAM, 1.9% (n=1) with moderate PEM and 7.7% (n=4) each for PEM and Severe PEM. All the cases had presented with clinical signs and symptoms of severe acute malnutrition and/or the weight-for-height Z-score of ≤ -3 SD. Following placement of the data in regression models, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with child malnutrition were low birth weight (AOR = 0.437; 95% CI = 0.155-1.231) , exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 2.741; 95% CI = 0.955-7.866), child illness (AOR = 0.383; 95% CI = 0.137-1.075), growth chart status (AOR =7.680; 95% CI = 1.631-36.157), level of care-giver’s education (AOR = 0.953; 95% CI = 0.277-3.280), breadwinner's work status (AOR = 1.579; 95% CI = 0.293-8.511), mother’s HIV status (AOR = 0.777; 95% CI = 0.279-2.165), alcohol consumption (AOR = 0.127; 95% CI = 0.044-0.369), household having more than one child under the age of five (AOR = 0.244; 95% CI = 0.087-0.682), household food availability (AOR = 0.823; 95% CI = 0.058-11.712), living in a brick type of house (AOR = 13.649; 95% CI = 3.736-49.858), owning a tap (AOR = 1.269; 95% CI = 0.277-5.809) and refuse removed by the relevant authority (AOR= 2.095; 95% CI = 0.353-12.445) were all statistically significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition (p < 0.05). Therefore, all these variables were included in the binary stepwise regression where living in a mud house type was the most significant factor and not being breastfed for at least three months was the least significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that immediate determinants to SAM were; child born with a low birth weight, appetite and child illness. Underlying contributing factors were; the child not exclusively breastfed for at least three months, growth chart not up to date, care-givers education level, employment status, alcohol consumption, household food availability, type of housing, owning a tap and number of children under the age of five year. Therefore, increasing household food security and strengthening educational interventions for women could contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of SAM in Francistown, Botswana.
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Jroundi, Imane. "Epidemiology and aetiology of severe respiratory infections among children under five, admitted to the children hospital of Rabat, Morocco." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396205.

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Pneumonia is one of the major public health problems threats to child survival in large parts of the world. The burden of this disease in terms of morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high with almost one million children dying every year as a result of pneumonia episode. Over 90% of these pneumonia-associated deaths in young children occur in developing countries and are mainly secondary to bacterial infections. The availability of effective vaccines against bacterial pneumonia, coupled with adequate and efficacious antibiotic treatments, should be sufficient to reduce this burden. In Morocco, a middle income country of North Africa, Pneumonia is the first cause of death of children under five of age. However, few data is available regarding its etiology and epidemiology. The first article of this thesis attempts to comprehensively review what was the available knowledge regarding pediatric pneumonia in Morocco, prior to the initiation of this project. Indeed, scarcity of data often hinders the implementation of measures to prevent and better manage these infections. This review confirms the alarming lack of recent data regarding pediatric pneumonia one of the major killers of children in Morocco. The second article of this thesis is a general overview on the epidemiology, etiology and the clinical presentation of acute respiratory infections in Moroccan children under the age of five years. Through our study, we were able to show a high prevalence of viral infections, with wheezing as the major clinical symptomatology. These findings are similar to what can be found in wealthy countries and markedly differ from the high bacterial burden that can be found in poorer settings, although overall case fatality rates remained unacceptably high in our setting. As a result of afore mentioned high case fatality rates in our series, we decided to investigate the specific risk factors upon admission for a bad prognosis during hospitalization. The results of this analysis are presented in the third article of this thesis. The article concluded that the early identification of factors associated with a poor prognosis could improve management strategies and the survival likelihood of Moroccan children with severe pneumonia. In the fourth article of this thesis, we chose to focus on two highly prevalent and potentially hazardous viruses causing acute respiratory infections in our setting, namely respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Human metapneumovirus (hMPV). In this analysis, we compared the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of these two infections, and concluded that despite the clinical presentation of those two pathogens was almost indistinguishable, hMPV tented to be highly more severe and significantly associated to a poor outcome. An early recognition of these viruses and good management of the cases is important to guarantee a better outcome. The fifth article of this thesis specifically addresses the use of antibiotics to treat acute respiratory infections in Morocco. By analyzing data on pre-admission antibiotics use, and intra-hospital antibiotics utilization, we discuss whether such valuable drugs are used rationally in the country. This analysis also reflects on whether antibiotic usage may have had or not an impact on antimicrobial resistance rates. The last article of this thesis examines data on the distribution of serotypes among streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the nasopharynx of healthy children and compares it to those isolated among admitted children with clinical severe pneumonia. These data will be used as a baseline to help assessing the impact of the pneumococcal vaccine and to monitor any potential serotype replacement phenomena. Altogether, this thesis tries to offer a comprehensive snapshot of the situation of pediatric pneumonia in Morocco.
A pesar de los esfuerzos hechos para reducir la carga de mortalidad causada por las infecciones respiratorias agudas, estas enfermedades se mantienen como uno de los principales peligros para la salud infantil en amplias zonas del mundo. Las medidas de control existentes son claramente insuficientes a la hora de reducir globalmente el impacto de infecciones tan comunes en la infancia. De hecho, la carga de estas enfermedades en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad persiste inaceptablemente alta con, anualmente, cerca de un millón de muertes anuales, lo que es lo mismo, una muerte cada 34 segundos. Las infecciones respiratorias agudas, siendo la neumonía su forma más paradigmática, son responsables del 15% de las muertes de niños menores de 5 años en el mundo. Más del 90% de estas infecciones respiratorias agudas se producen en los países en vías de desarrollo, fundamentalmente asociadas a neumonías bacterianas. Mientras que la enfermedad clínica puede afectar a cualquier grupo de edad, la mortalidad por neumonía se ve esencialmente circunscrita a los niños menores de cinco años en los países pobres. La disponibilidad de vacunas efectivas contra las neumonías bacterianas, sumada al uso adecuado de los tratamientos antibióticos, debería ser suficiente para reducir esta carga. Sin embargo, la identificación y tratamiento precoz de los episodios clínicos y al acceso a los centros de salud parecen constituirse como barreras infranqueables en la mayoría de los países pobres. Adicionalmente, la malnutrición y el bajo nivel socio económico imperante en muchos de estos entornos dónde las neumonías son un mayor problema, contribuyen desfavorablemente al mal pronóstico de estas infecciones. El conocimiento de los determinantes locales específicos de la enfermedad respiratoria aguda pediátrica en esos entornos ayudaría a entender o mejor por qué todavía estamos muy lejos de controlar adecuadamente estas infecciones, y profundizar sobre las razones por las cuales siguen causando un impacto tan importante en la salud del niño.
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Books on the topic "Children under five"

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Centre, Family Policy Studies. Children under five. London: Family Policy Studies Centre, 1989.

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Burman, Chris. Training in the education of children under five. Birmingham: Curriculum Support Service, 1993.

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Burman, Chris. Training in the education of children under five: Music activities. Birmingham: Curriculum Support Service, 1992.

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Forrer, Frits. Five years under the swastika: Through a child's eye. Gulf Breeze, Fla: Holland's Glory, 2001.

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Thankappan, K. R. Diarrhoea morbidity among under-five children: A comparative study of two villages. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development, Centre for Development Studies, 2002.

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Creary, Carole. Pottering with plants: Ideas for activities about plants for children under five. [Northampton?]: Northamptonshire County Council Education and Libraries, 1998.

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Abdelnour, Samer. Study on nutritional status of a selected sample of under five Palestinian children. [Jerusalem]: The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committee, 1991.

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Adams, Fred. Services to help parents in teaching children under five with special educational needs. [Slough]: National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales, 1987.

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Creary, Carole. Pull, push and twist: Ideas for activities about forces for children under five. Northampton: NIAS, 1997.

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Nicholas, David. The information needs of parents: Case study: parents of children under the age of five. [London]: British Library Research and Innovation Centre, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Children under five"

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Mehedi Hasan Abid, Dm, Aminul Haque, and Md Kamrul Hossain. "Factors Causing Stunting Among Under-Five Children in Bangladesh." In Proceedings of Fifth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 45–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5856-6_5.

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Mbunge, Elliot, Garikayi Chemhaka, John Batani, Caroline Gurajena, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Godfrey Musuka, and Innocent Chingombe. "Predicting Diarrhoea Among Children Under Five Years Using Machine Learning Techniques." In Artificial Intelligence Trends in Systems, 94–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09076-9_9.

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Flanagan, Katie Louise, and Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen. "Sex Differences in Outcomes of Infections and Vaccinations in Under Five-Year-Old Children." In Sex and Gender Differences in Infection and Treatments for Infectious Diseases, 273–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16438-0_10.

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González Cusi, Bryan Martin, and Olga Lidia Solano Dávila. "Study of Malnutrition in Children Under Five in Peru Using the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis." In Proceedings of the 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym’21), 322–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04435-9_32.

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Deflaux, Guillaume, Thierry Agagliate, Jean-Etienne Durand, and Pierre Yamaogo. "Computerization of Medical Consultation for Children Under Five Years of Age in Rural Areas of Burkina Faso." In Technologies for Sustainable Development, 33–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00639-0_4.

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Cisse, Talla, Karen Ejiofor, Muna Malin, Amelia Thompson, and Yuan Zhao. "Case Des Tout-Petits: Reforming Early Childhood Education in Senegal." In Education to Build Back Better, 125–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93951-9_6.

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AbstractEducation systems around the world are grappling with how to respond to a significant global health crisis stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic. Under the leadership of President Abdoulaye Wade, in the early 2000s, Senegal undertook a significant educational reform that sought to address disparities in academic and health challenges faced by early learners. This chapter examines Cases des Tout-Petits, a reform targeting children 0–6 years old, through the lens of Fernando Reimer’s five perspectives of educational change. This chapter offers insights to policy makers, researchers, educators, and program designers around the world interested in learning from a dual reform that dramatically shifted the early childhood development landscape in Senegal.
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Quetulio-Navarra, M., E. Frunt, and A. Niehof. "6. The role of social capital and institutions in food security and wellbeing of children under five for resettled households in Central Java, Indonesia." In Diversity and change in food wellbeing, 115–36. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-864-3_6.

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Brittain, Victoria. "The Israelis and My Home—Nablus and Shatila: Under the Rubble (1983); Children of Fire (1990)." In Love and Resistance in the Films of Mai Masri, 19–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37522-5_2.

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Cox, Theo, and Susan Sanders. "Educating Children Under Five." In The Impact of the National Curriculum on the Teaching of Five-Year-Olds, 166–86. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429454707-11.

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Tekin, Mehmet. "Under-Five Mortality Causes and Prevention." In Mortality Rates in Middle and Low-Income Countries [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100526.

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The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) represents children who die before reaching the age of 5 per 1000 live births. It is directly related to the development and economic income levels of countries. For this reason, high rates are observed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The neonatal period deserves more attention as the decline in mortality rates has recently stalled. The most common causes of death under 5 years old are acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and birth complications. Although neonatal disorders and birth complications have recently come to the fore, among these reasons, deaths due to infections are still high in LMICs. The crucial topics in prevention are perinatal care and vaccination. Apart from these, access to medicine, food, and clean water is essential in preventing deaths under 5. For preventive services to achieve their goal, these services must reach everyone. Ending preventable child deaths is only possible by improving access to well-equipped healthcare professionals during pregnancy and childbirth, life-saving interventions such as vaccinations, breastfeeding and the provision of low-cost medicines, and access to water and sanitation, which are now lacking in low-income countries.
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Conference papers on the topic "Children under five"

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Latif, Rr Vita Nur, Teguh Irawan, and Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih. "Severely Underweight Determinants of Children Under Five." In The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007509000520058.

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Susilo, Mursid, Arif Kurnia, Fitriyatun Na’imah, Muhammad Fatihunnajah, and Annisa Hidayah. "Feeding Pattern of Under-Five Children during COVID-19 Pandemic." In Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar of Public Health and Education, ISPHE 2020, 22 July 2020, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.22-7-2020.2300296.

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Yani, Ristya Widi Endah. "Dental Caries Based on Age (Under Five Years Old Children)." In The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008320500610066.

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Trivedi, Anusua, Mohit Jain, Nikhil Kumar Gupta, Markus Hinsche, Prashant Singh, Markus Matiaschek, Tristan Behrens, et al. "Height Estimation of Children under Five Years using Depth Images." In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630461.

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Yopiana, Elma, Bhisma Murti, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "Exclusive Breastfeeding and Prevention of Obesity in Children Under Five: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.124.

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ABSTRACT Background: In both developed and developing countries, childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels. Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including asthma and sleep apnea. The studies showed that breastfeeding is a protective factor of obesity in children. This study aimed to determine exclusive breastfeeding and prevention of obesity in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review conducted by search online published articles toward exclusive breastfeeding and obesity in children under five.Original studies published from 2003 to 2016 were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “Children Under Five” AND “Breast Feeding” AND “non Breast Feeding” OR “Formula milk” OR “Infant Formula” AND “Obesity” OR “Body Mass Index”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, using observational or cohort study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The selected articles were analyzed using PRISMA guideline and Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from California, Massachusetts, China, German, Swedish, and Dutch, reported that exclusive breastfeeding was a protective factor of obesity in children under five (aOR= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.86 to 1.06; p= 0.360) with (I²= 82%, p= 0.001). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is a protective factor of obesity in children under five Keywords: obesity, exclusive breastfeeding, meta-analysis Correspondence: Elma Yopiana. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: elmayopiana@gmail.com. Mobile: 083867060745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.124
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Nurhayati, Risa, Dewi Indriani, and Rahayu Budi Utami. "Postnatal Factors Related to Stunting in Children Under Five, Nganjuk, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.40.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional issue with height or age indicator and Z score less than -2 SD. In order not to cause problems, WHO (World Health Organization) recommends a stunting target of less than 20%. Nganjuk Regency is a district with a stunting prevalence of over 20%. Stunting is related to the postnatal incidence that children under 5 experience. This study had the purpose of determining the effect of postnatal factors on the incidence of stunting in Nganjuk Regency, East Java. Subjects and Method: A case control was conducted in Nganjuk Regency, East Java, from May 15 to June 15, 2020. A sample of 450 children under five was selected using fixed sampling of disease, including 150 stunted children (case) and 300 normal children (control). The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth length, breastfeeding, and history of infectious diseases. The data were collected by questionnaires and analysed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Stunting increased with short birth length (OR= 3.14; 95% CI= 2.42 to 3.86; p< 0.0001), no exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 2.31; 95% CI= 1.69 to 2.93; p< 0.001), and infectious disease history (OR= 2.26; 95% CI= 1.61 to 2.91; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Stunting increases with short birth length, no exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious disease history. Keyword: stunting, birth length, breastfeeding, history of infectious disease Correspondence: Risa Nurhayati. Study Program of Nursing Education, School of Sciences Satria Bhakti, Nganjuk, East Java. Email: ners.risa@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282142799100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.40
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Riestiyowati, Maya Ayu, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Vitri Widyaningsih. "Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.57.

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Background: Acute Respiratory Infections are classified into the upper and lower respiratory tract infections, contributing to the leading cause of death among children under five globally. The estimation showed the deaths of more than 800,000 children under five every year or about 2,200 per day. One of the risk factors for ARI in children under five years of age is secondary exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aimed to examine the effect of cigarette smoke exposure and acute respiratory infection in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was meta analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting published articles from Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Springer Link databases, from year 2010 to 2019. Keywords used “risk factor” OR “passive smoking” OR “secondhand smoking” AND “ARI due to children under five”. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English language, using cross-sectional study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The collected articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by fixed effect model using Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from Cameroon, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, and Nigeria reported that tobacco smoke exposure increased the risk of acute respiratory infection in children under five (aOR=1.39; 95% CI= 1.22 to 1.58; p<0.001). Conclusion: Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of acute respiratory infection in children under five. Keywords: tobacco smoke, acute respiratory infection, children under five Correspondence: Maya Ayu Riestiyowati. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maaya.ayuu.ma@gmail.com. Mobile: 081235840067.
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Syah, Muhammad Nur Hasan, Dian Luthfiana Sufyan, and Nurbaya. "Balance Diet Index (BDI) of Under-Five Children During Coronavirus Pandemic." In International Conference of Health Development. Covid-19 and the Role of Healthcare Workers in the Industrial Era (ICHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.201125.073.

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Syahriani, Melly Nirma. "Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.64.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, a chronic malnutrition, remains a serious global health concern. In 2019, UNICEF announced that 21.3% of children under five years of age were stunted. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with stunting to complement the evidence for stunting ongoing efforts. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Science Direct, Wiley, EBSCO, and PubMed databases. The studies were synthesized by PEOS (Population, Exposure, Objective, and Study design), then appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. The keywords were (((determinant) OR (causal factor) OR (risk factor)) AND (stunting)) AND ((toddler) OR (child)) OR (fives)) OR (Baby under five years old)). The inclusion criteria were English-language and primary studied full-text articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2009 and 2019. The exclusion criteria were opinion papers and review articles. Results: The prevalence of stunted children under five was 21.9% globally. A total of selected eleven articles examined the causes of stunting in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Nine articles stated that gender and socio-economic factors associated with stunting. Six articles discussed the relationship between maternal age and stunting. Four articles revealed that maternal education level was one of the determinants of stunting. Two articles stated that nutritional status is strongly related to stunting. One article connected overweight as a contributing factor to stunting. Conclusion: Stunting in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) is associated with age, gender, socio-economy, maternal education level, nutritional status, and overweight children. Keywords: stunting, children under five years, risk factor Correspondence: Melly Nirma Syahriani. Master Program of Midwifery, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: mellynirmas4@gmail.com. Mobile: +62895392131591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.64
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Wardani, Endah Kusuma, Nurul Eko Widiyastuti, Lutvia Dwi Rofika, and Wahyu Adri Wirawati. "Factors Affecting Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age in Banyuwangi, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, results from the exposure of the fetus and young child to nutritional deficiency and infectious disease. In Indonesia, 30.8% of children were stunted, in which 26.2% was in East Java and 8.1% Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in Banyuwangi, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klatak and Wonosobo Community Health Centers, Central Java. a sample of 60 children under five years of age was selected for this study. The study variables were child’s gender, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. The frequency distribution data were reported descriptively. Results: The majority of stunted children under study were male (53.3%). Most of the women were at age 20 to 34 years during pregnancy (58.3%). As many as 73.3% mothers were low educated. Most of the mothers were housewives (85%). 78.3% of women took iron supplement during pregnancy. Most of the children did not have the history of chronic energy deficiency (60%). Most of the children received exclusive breastfeeding (61.7%) and supplementary feeding (65%). Only a few children had the history of infectious disease (6.7%). Conclusion: The characteristics of subjects under study vary with maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. Keywords: stunting, children under five years of age, factors Correspondence: Endah Kusuma Wardani. Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi. Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68422. Email: qsuma89@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257193736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80
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Reports on the topic "Children under five"

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Yantio, Debazou Y. Impact of water supply and sanitation on diarrhoea prevalence among children under the age of five: Evidence from Cameroon. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/wss1.3-cameroon-gfr.

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Riaz, Atif. Can community-based interventions increase uptake of treatment modalities for diarrhea and pneumonia and reduce childhood mortality? SUPPORT, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/151113.

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Few children in low-income countries receive appropriate treatment for diarrhea and pneumonia, which are the leading causes of under-five child deaths. Community-based interventions can increase the uptake of specific treatments for diarrhea and pneumonia, potentially leading to a decrease in under five child mortality.
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Narvaez, Liliana, and Caitlyn Eberle. Technical Report: Southern Madagascar food insecurity. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/jvwr3574.

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Southern Madagascar’s worst drought in 40 years had devastating cumulative effects on harvest and livelihoods. On top of this, frequent sandstorms and pest infestations have led to severe stress on vegetation triggering a drastic decline in rice, maize and cassava production. These environmental aspects, combined with a lack of livelihood diversification and ongoing poverty, the presence of cattle raiders and restrictive government decisions, have driven the population of southern Madagascar to acute food insecurity conditions. By December 2021, more than 1.6 million people were estimated to have been suffering high levels of food insecurity. This case is an example of how multiple, complex environmental and social factors can combine to trigger a profound crisis in a territory, where vulnerable groups, such as children under five, tend to be particularly affected. Environmental degradation, together with socioeconomic and political dynamics are leaving vulnerable people even more exposed to food crises with few livelihood options or safety nets to cope with disasters. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Southern Madagascar food insecurity through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Bain, Luchuo Engelbert, and Darja Dobermann. Malaria, HIV and TB in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Epidemiology, Disease Control Challenges and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.034.

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Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are leading causes of death and public health threat to millions in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The DRC is the second most malaria affected sub-Saharan African country after Nigeria, with malaria being the leading cause of death in children under 5 years (Lechthaler et al., 2019). The HIV prevalence in the country in the adult population stands at 1%, with extensive variations by region (UNAIDS, 2021c). The DRC is considered a high burden country for TB and HIV infection (Linguissi et al., 2017). This rapid review emphasizes significant elements of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV, and TB in DRC, as well as limitations in prevention, detection, and treatment, and examines a few interventions that aim to address these limitations. Evidence utilised is a mixture of the most recent grey literature NGO (programme reports and related documents) literature supplemented by peer reviewed academic literature from the past five years and national survey data when available. Although the clinical disease aspects of malaria, HIV and TB are well-researched there is less research available on socio-demographic variation, disease control challenges and interventions targeting these in the DRC. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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