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Journal articles on the topic 'Children under five years'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Wolayan, Grahana Ade Candra, I. Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh, Budiono Budiono, and Alpha Fardah Athiyyah. "Chronic Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years Old." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36590/jika.v2i3.76.

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Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia and has the potential to cause outbreaks that are often accompanied by death, even the mortality rate during outbreaks in 2017, amounting to 1.97%, had not yet reached the expected target by the government, which is less than 1%. This study aims to determine the distribution of sex, age, nutritional status based on weight/age, and how to leave the hospital for chronic diarrhea patients and to know the correlation between nutritional status based on weight/age and death cases of chronic diarrhea in children under five years old treated at RSUD Dr. Soetomo in the period 2015-2019. This research was a retrospective analytical and descriptive study using secondary data from a patient's electronic medical record. Results showed that out of 45 chronic diarrhea patients, 28 (62,2%) were male, 16 (35,6%) children were in the 0 - 5 months age group, 18 (40,0%) children had good nutritional status, 39 (86,7%) children were discharged from the hospital, and there was a significant correlation between nutritional status based on weight/age and death cases of chronic diarrhea in children (p = 0,017). It could be concluded that the majority of children with chronic diarrhea were male, were in the 0 - 5 months age group, had good nutritional status, and were discharged from the hospital which meant that their condition had improved or cured and there was a significant correlation between nutritional status based on weight/age with death cases of chronic diarrhea in children.

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2

Sakala, Fs Felix. "Determination of pneumonia case management and outcome in children under-five years of age at arthurdavison children’s hospital (ADCH)." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.3.42.

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3

Ningkiswari, Intan Ayu, Bintang Mareeta Dewi, and Feri Andriani. "Nuchifive (Nutrition Application for Children Under Five Years)." International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering 95 (2016): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ipcbee.2016.v95.6.

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4

Davies, Adam. "Management of gastroenteritis in children under five years." Nursing Standard 29, no. 27 (March 4, 2015): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.27.51.e9659.

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5

Mawa, Ratib. "Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years in Uganda." American Journal of Health Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20180602.14.

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6

Ashwath, D., C. Latha, M. B. Soudarssanane, and H. V. Wyatt. "Unnecessary injections given to children under five years." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 60, no. 3 (May 1993): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02751213.

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7

Ibrahim, Motaz A., and Sirag Eldin M. Kheir. "Hypernatraemia in Sudanese Children under Five Years Old." Sudan Medical Journal 49, no. 1 (2013): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0015599.

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8

Desarda, K. K., and A. N. Sangekar. "Bera study in 150 children under five years age." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 49, S1 (March 1997): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03021326.

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9

McDougall, Penny. "Treating feverish illness in children aged under five years." Nursing Children and Young People 26, no. 10 (December 9, 2014): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.26.10.22.e562.

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10

Scrutton, D. R. "Footprint Sequences of Normal Children under Five Years Old." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 11, no. 1 (November 12, 2008): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1969.tb01394.x.

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11

McDougall, Penny, and Maureen Harrison. "Fever and feverish illness in children under five years." Nursing Standard 28, no. 30 (March 26, 2014): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2014.03.28.30.49.e8410.

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12

Hossain, AKM Alamgir, ASM Zulfiquer Ali, Sayeda Nazrina, and Nusrat Hossain. "Nutritional Status of Under Five Years Children in Rangpur Cantonment." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v15i2.50832.

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Introduction: Nutrition is an important factor because of its role in preventing disease and infant survival and growth. Malnutrition and diseases are interlinked with each other and a great problem in all countries of the developing world. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of the under five year's children in Rangpur Cantonment. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Children Welfare Centre (CWC) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rangpur from July to August 2018. A total of 50 under five years children were selected and a structured questionnaire was used keeping the focus on socioeconomic status, dietary habits, hygiene practices, and anthropometric indices of the children. Results: Out of 50 children, 60% were male and 40% were female. About 26% of children were in the 36 to 48 months of age group. About 50% were in the height group of >100 cm, 34.0% were in the height group of 91-100 cm, 16% were in the height group up to 90 cm, 48.0% were in the weight group of 12.1-16 kg, 34.0% were in the weight group of 16 kg, 10%were in the weight group of 10.1-12 kg and 8%were in the weight group below 10 kg. Conclusion: In this study, 20% of cases were stunted and 80% of cases were not stunted and no wasted case was found and the overall prevalence of malnutrition in the Rangpur cantonment was low. A further in-depth study is recommended to draw conclusive inferences. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 168-170

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13

Nabasumba, C., E. Turyakiraa, Y. Boum II, F. Grandesso, J. F. Etard, and P. de Beaudrap. "Changes in the prevalence of malaria among children under five years over a five-years period." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 58 (September 2010): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2010.06.137.

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14

Nishino, Mizuho, Bazar Amarsaikhan, Nanayo Furumoto, Saki Hirao, Hiroko Bando, Akemi Nakagawa, Sukhbaatar Nomingerel, Begzsuren Bolorchimeg, and Masami Fujimoto. "Dental Caries in Children Under Five Years of Age in Mongolia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134741.

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During the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) partnership program in Mongolia, six times between October 2017 and October 2019, education for caries prevention, a questionnaire of daily oral health behavior, and an oral examination for parents and children aged 0–5 years old were done. The target parent population were middle socio-economic class families. In total, there were 2223 participants. The caries prevalence measured in October 2017, January, April, and October 2018, and April and October 2019, was 78.0% (95% CI: 74.2–81.4); 79.4% (73.7–84.4); 80.8% (76.2–84.9); 76.4% (70.1–82.0); 89.3% (85.3–92.6); and 82.6% (79.3–85.6), respectively. Compared to October 2017, in October 2019, the deft of three years old was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and that of four years old was also decreased (p = 0.085). For the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC), daily oral health behaviors are important. In 2019, compared with the percentage of 0–5 years old in 2017, the frequency of tooth cleaning per day, parents cleaning after children, and parents watching during children’s tooth cleaning were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Unfortunately, the frequency of sugary—snack intake per day showed an increased tendency (p < 0.05). The baby teeth decayed, extracted and filled (deft) index at three and/or four years old in October 2019 was correlated with the childrens’ background characteristics, such as parent educational attainment, frequency of sweets intake, frequency of daily tooth cleaning, and parental cleaning of children’s teeth. The effects of the JICA program were recognized.

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15

Mohamed El Sheshtawy, Omayma, Noha Mohamed Arafa, and Basma Abdul-hamid Deyab. "Self-Medication Practices Among Mothers Having Children Under Five-Years." Egyptian Journal of Health Care 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.132995.

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16

Acquah, Evelyn, Eugene K. M. Darteh, Hubert Amu, and Daniel K. A. Adjei. "Predictors of underweight in children under-five years in Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 53, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v53i1.11.

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17

Khader, Yousef, Mohammad Azhari, Ahmad Slaih, and Ibrahim Iblan. "Nutritional Status among Children under Five Years in Amman, Jordan." International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition 6, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2017.06.03.4.

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18

Agustin, Diah Ayu, and Silvana Evi Linda. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS WITH PNEUMONIA IN METROPOLITAN CITY." Volume 2 Issue 2 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2018.v02i02.003.

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The biggest disease include Pneumonia causes the death of a child. Pneumonia risk factors in children under five years include age, decreased endurance of the body in children with malnutrition, got no exclusive breast milk, do not get immunization against measles and DPT. This research aims at identifying risk factors based on the characteristics of the children under five treated with pneumonia. The study design is a description with a sample size of 34 children. The results of univariate data analysis found that the highest incidence of pneumonia in this study aged 12-23 months (38%), the lowest age of 48-59 months (12%). The majority of children under five are male (55.9%), normal nutritional status (97.1%), getting exclusive breast milk (61.8%), got the measles and DPT immunization (70.6%), as well as 100% domiciled in Jakarta metropolitan city. Research results are expected to contribute in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in children under five year as well as the basis for further research.

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19

Purwanti, Rachma, Ani Margawati, and Bagoes Widjanarko. "MOTHER STATUS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL STIMULATION AS DETERMINANT FACTORS OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AMONG UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD CHILDREN." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.3.246-256.

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Early childhood development (ECD) has long-life effects on an individual, that were essential for human capital accumulation and contribute to economic growth. This study aimed to analyzed factor that contributed to cognitive development. This study used cross sectional design by purposive sampling technique. Sample study were 61 early childhood 4-5 years old. Data collected by conducting interviews, observation, and anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status data were collected by using anthropometry, psychosocial stimulation was collected by using EC-HOME inventory instrument, and cognitive development was measured using instrument developed by the Department of National Education of Indonesia. Data analysis includes descriptive test, correlation, and regression. There were 23% of children with underweight, 78.7% children get high risk of psychosocial stimulation, and 57.6% have a good cognitive development. The correlation test showed that there were significant association between the psychosocial stimulation and nutritional status to the cognitive development. Regression model also showed that cognitive development was predicted by maternal status (working mothers/housewife), nutritional status, and psychosocial stimulation.

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20

Elottol, Abed El Kader, Akram Altaher, Basma Alnajjar, Felastin AbSitta, Asala Abu Adwan, and Aya Dheer. "Rotavirus Gastroenteritis among Children Under five years of agein Gaza, Palestine." Israa University Journal for Applied Science 3 (October 1, 2019): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52865/csrz6539.

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Rotavirus belongs to the Reoviridae family, a group of segmented double stranded Ribonucleic acid viruses. The virus is a major cause of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Rotaviral gastroenteritis may result in mortality for populations at risk such as infants, the elderly and immune compromised patients. Objective: This study aims to evaluate occurrence of rotavirus among under five years children with acute gastroenteritis attending Nasser complex and European Gaza Governmental Hospitals, Palestine during august 2018. Methods: Cross sectional design used in this study, Fecal samples from 100 children with ages ranging from less than 1 month to 5 years, living in the south Gaza, who presented with acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea episodes, were analyzed. sufficient quantity of faces (1-2 grams or milliliters for liquid sample one per each subject) is collected as soon as the children were admitted to the hospital by the help of their parents in clean and dry containers (no preservatives or transport media are used). The samples was been tested immediately using an immune chromatography-based diagnostic kit. The study was conducted during the peak diarrheal season August of the year 2018. Results: Rotavirus was detected in 35% of the fecal specimens examined, and most of positive tested patients (86%) were under 24 months old, the infection rates was increase with the decreasing of the age. Children infected with rotavirus were more likely to be watery stool 65.7%, fever 60%, vomiting 82.8% and dehydration 68.6%.

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21

Viegas, Mariana, Paola R. Barrero, Alberto F. Maffey, and Alicia S. Mistchenko. "Respiratory viruses seasonality in children under five years of age in Buenos Aires, ArgentinaA five-year analysis." Journal of Infection 49, no. 3 (October 2004): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2003.10.006.

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22

Santos, Priscila Gonçalves Soares dos, Elenir Rose Jardim Cury, Valdir Aragão Nascimento, Ana Paula Denis Barbosa, Tayane Vieira Ramos de Alencar, Denise Barcelos de Pádua Paz, Elton Santo Barboza, Igor Domingos de Souza, and Iara Barbosa Ramos. "Incidence Of Immunopreventable Diseases In Children Under Five Years Of Age." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss8.3851.

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Vaccination is one of the most effective and most controlled interventions in the occurrence of infectious diseases, and it is essential to analyze vaccination coverage and homogeneity between municipalities. The National Immunization Program (PNI), together with the Epidemiological Surveillance System in Brazil, seek to generate an impact on the control, elimination and even eradication of preventable diseases, immunizing the general population, especially children. This study aims to analyze vaccination coverage and homogeneity in the Midwest of Brazil and to relate to the incidence of immunopreventable diseases in children under five years of age. This is an ecological study, based on data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SI-PNI), for the period 2018-2022, analyzing the indicators of vaccination coverage, homogeneity and the incidence of immunopreventable diseases in children under five years of age.

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23

Mahmood, Zahid, Junaid Ghaffar, Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Uzair, Riffat Farrukh, and Shaheen Masood. "Nutritional Status of Children Under the Age of Five Years in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169532.

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Background: Malnutrition has become quite common among children especially in rural areas of Pakistan. The nutritional status of children under the age of five was assessed and the degree of malnutrition and its associated factors were studied. The socioeconomic status, delayed weaning and lack of education of parents are some of the key reasons of malnutrition in case of children. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of children under the age of five years in Pakistan Study design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 250 children that visited the tertiary care center Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from May 2021 to April 2022.The study duration was one year. Materials and methods: The data was taken from 250 children, among these there were 147 boys and 103 girls. Written consent was taken from the parents, and they were fully aware of the study. The children were selected as per Non-probability convenient sample method. The physical growth and nutritional condition was evaluated by making use of basic anthropometric technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and face to face interview was carried out with the mothers of the children. SPSS version 16 was used for calculations and statistical analysis was done by using the same software. Results: Out of 250 children that were included in the study, 147 were boys and 103 were girls. By using the Gomez classification, the degree of malnutrition was analyzed among the children. It was observed that 150 children were facing malnutrition. 28% of the cases had first degree malnutrition, 14% and 17% had second and third degree condition. Stunted growth was observed in 130 children. There were 285 children with mild stunted growth; however 8% and 11% had moderate and severe form of stunted growth problem. Lack of education of mothers was seen to be directly linked with malnutrition in this study. Conclusion: Health education about proper breast feeding and immunization of children should be provided to the parents to prevent malnutrition among children. Keywords: Nutritional status, Risk factors, Child, Malnutrition

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Muhammad Kamal, Farrukh Saeed, Muhammad Anwar, Sanuaullah Khan, Seemi Habib, and Shahla Tariq. "Hypomagnesaemia in children under five years of age having acute diarrhea." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.12.6318.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in children under five year of age having acute diarrhea. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College / Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Period: August 2019 to January 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 96 children aged between 6 months to five years having acute diarrhea and duration of illness <14 days were enrolled. All the patients were subjected to measurement of serum magnesium level. The proportion of hypomagnesaemia was analyzed in acute diarrhea. The effect modifier and confounding variables were controlled through stratification of data on duration of illness less as < 14 days and more than 14 days, age as < 2 year or > 2 year and weight as < 2SD or > 2SD on weight for age chart. Chi square test was applied considering p value < 0.05 as significant. Results: Our study comprised of 96 patients having acute diarrhea, of these 96 study cases, 62 (64.6%) were boys and 34 (35.4%) were girls. Mean age of our study cases was 19.25±15.71 months. Mean weight of study cases was 9.56±3.01 kg. Mean duration of illness was 5.74 ± 3.26 days. Mean Serum Magnesium level was 1.63 ± 0.32 mg/dl (ranging from 1.0 mg/dl to 2.8 mg/dl). Hypomagnesaemia was present in 47 (49%) cases. Conclusion: High frequency of hypomagnesaemia was observed in children under 5 years of age having acute diarrhea. Duration of illness had significant impact on hypomagnesaemia. Serum magnesium levels must be regularly monitored in children with acute diarrhea.

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25

Wijana, Wijana, Frino Abrianto, Shinta Fitri Boesoirie, and Arif Dermawan. "Hearing status of children under five years old in Jatinangor district." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v50i1.348.

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Background: Hearing is one of the most influential factors in children developmental process. The critical period of hearing and speech development begins in the first 6 months of life and continues until the age of 3 years. World Health Organization estimates that one to three in a thousand births have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Early detection of hearing loss is substantial so that the diagnosis can be established and appropriate intervention can be done earlier. Purpose: To determine the hearing status in children under five years of age in Jatinangor. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with 240 subjects under the age of five in 12 Integrated Healthcare Center (Posyandu) in Jatinangor. Examinations included parental interviews, Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA), Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE), and tympanometry tests. Result: One child (0.4%) had moderate conductive hearing lossin the left ear, 1 child (0.4%) had bilateralsevere SNHL, and 7 children (2.9%) had profound bilateral SNHL. Conclusion: The incidence of hearing loss in children under five in Jatinangor was 3.8%, with bilateral profound SNHL asthe highest number, and the most common cause were prenatal Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) dan Herpes simplex virus (TORCH) infections.Keywords: children under-five, early detection, hearing status ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pendengaran merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh dalam proses perkembangan anak. Periode kritis perkembangan pendengaran dan berbicara dimulai dalam 6 bulan pertama kehidupan dan terus berlanjut sampai usia 3 tahun. Badan kesehatan dunia memperkirakan satu sampai tiga dalam seribu kelahiran terdapat kejadian gangguan dengar jenis sensorineural. Deteksi dini gangguan dengar penting untuk dilakukan sehingga diagnosis dapat ditegakkan dan intervensi yang tepat dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui status pendengaran pada anak usia bawah lima tahun di kecamatan Jatinangor. Metode: Penelitian observasional potong lintang dengan subjek penelitian 240 anak usia bawah lima tahun di 12 Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) Kecamatan Jatinangor. Dilakukan pemeriksaan meliputi wawancara orangtua anak, tes Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA), tes Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) dan tes timpanometri. Hasil: Didapatkan 1 anak (0,4%) mengalami gangguan dengar konduktif derajat sedang pada telinga kiri, 1 anak (0,4%) mengalami gangguan dengar sensorineural derajat berat bilateral, dan 7 anak (2,9%) mengalami gangguan dengar sensorineural derajat sangat berat bilateral. Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian gangguan dengar pada balita di kecamatan Jatinangor sebesar 3,8% dengan gangguan dengar terbanyak berupa sensorineural derajat sangat berat bilateral, dan latar belakang penyebab terbanyak adalah infeksi prenatal Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus dan Herpes simplex virus (TORCH).

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26

Mahihody, Astri, and Jelita Siska Herlina Hinonaung. "Factors Influencing the Incident of Underweight Children Under Five Years in Sangihe Regency." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol18.iss1.323.

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Undernutrition can make children under five years vulnerable to diseases and can even cause death. One indication of children under five years suffering from malnutrition in children under five years is below the red line on the weight chart (underweight). This study aims to identify the factors that most influence the incidence of underweight in Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi. This research was a quantitative analysis using a research methodology of a cross-sectional sample. For this analysis, the sample was 165 respondents. These variables include education, jobs, income, and infectious diseases. The relationship between education levels, income, experience, and contagious diseases with underweight children was measured less using the chi-square test. In contrast, the determinants of underweight were identified using logistics regression. The results showed that the two most dominant factors that affected the incidence of underweight children under five years were occupational factors (p-value <0.001) and knowledge factor (p-value <0.001). The other factors that might influence the cases of underweight children under five years are knowledge of feeding patterns and the number of children. Conclusion this research is Good knowledge is needed by mothers of children under five years in determining optimal nutrition for children under five years. For this reason, the mother's role is necessary for children under five to help the head of the family in finding additional income so that family nutrition, especially children under five, can be fulfilled.

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Kazi, Naheed Haroon, Roomana Qureshi, Tasneem Kousar, Ameena Saba, and Shabaz Ahmed Memon. "Factors Responsible for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Under Five Years." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 1047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221611047.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of factors responsible for iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at the paediatric department of Muhammad Medical College MirpurKhas, during six months from October 2020 to March 2021. All the children with of (<5 years), presented at Paediatric OPD and of either gender were included. After taking complete clinical examination, parents were interviewed reading history of diet. After obtaining informed consent from the parents, a 3ml blood sample was taken from each case and was immediately sent to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory for the complete blood count (CBC). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level <11g/dl. All the data was gathered via self-made study proforma and SPSS version 26 was used for the purpose of data analysis. Results: A total of 58 children with anemia were studied, their mean age was 02.91+1.29 years, mean Hb was 7.22+1.27mg/dl. Males were 56.9% and females were 40.1%. History of Buffalo milk consumption was in 53.4% children, history of pica was in 27.6%, Caffeine containing food history was in 84.5% of the cases, age of weaning <12 months was in most of the cases and non-iron containing food consumption was also commonest. Most of the cases 55.20% had moderate anemia and 43.10% had severe anemia. The severity of childhood anemia was statically significant according to the type of milk consumption, type of food and caffeine containing food (p-<0.05), while it was statistically insignificant according to the gender and age of weaning (P->0.05). Conclusion: As per study conclusion the Buffalo milk consumption, history of pica, caffeine containing food, age of weaning <12 months and non-iron containing food consumption were observed to be the commonest factors responsible for childhood anemia. Key words: Iron deficiency anemia, factors, diet

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28

Kalakheti, Balakrishna, Kiran Panthee, and Kastur Chand Jain. "Risk Factors of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years in Urban Slums." Journal of Lumbini Medical College 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v4i2.99.

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Introduction: Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and the condition is worse in slums. In order to provide effective preventive and management strategies, it is important to identify factors associated with the disease. This study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of diarrhea in children under five years of age in urban slums. Methods: Parents of all children under five years from the urban slums of Tansen municipality, Palpa, Nepal were interviewed using a standardized pretested questionnaire and proforma. Parental variables, environmental factors, and presence of diarrhea in those children in past three months were collected by trained enumerators and the data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS-10. Results: A total of 450 under five years children were enrolled in the study. There were 216 (48%) male and 234 (52%) female children with F:M ratio of 1.08:1. Occurrence of diarrhea was lower if the children were breast-fed for more than six months, well-nourished, used fountain water for drinking, or used boiled or treated water. Similarly, diarrhea prevalence was lower if father had a regular job, daily income in the family was more than one US dollar, there was a toilet in the house, practice of hand washing was followed before feeding or preparing food, or there was no child suffering from diarrhea in the neighborhood. Conclusion: There are a few variables that are significantly related to diarrhea in children under five years of age. In order to decrease the diarrheal episodes in children in the slums of the developing countries, priority could be given in the improvement of those variables.

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29

Bouhdjila, Abderrachid. "Martial deficiency in children under five years of age in Batna." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 7, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2020.7214.

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Introduction. La carence martiale touche les groupes des populations à risque (femmes enceintes et enfants en bas âge) aussi bien dans les pays développés que ceux en développement. En Algérie l’ampleur du problème n’est pas bien connue, car les études sont rares et les outils d’évaluation, des indicateurs biochimiques peu fiables. Objectifs. Déterminer la prévalence de la carence martiale chez l’enfant de zéro à cinq ans dans la ville de Batna, étudier ses répercussions sur le développement physique et psychomoteur de l’enfant et évaluer le traitement l et les mesures de prévention adéquates. Matériels et méthodes. Sur un échantillon de 354 enfants de zéro à cinq ans, dans la ville de Batna, nous avons mesuré la ferritine sérique, l’hémoglobine, les récepteurs de la transferrine, nous avons analysé les signes cliniques de la carence et évalué la croissance et le développement psychomoteur des enfants. Les enfants carencés ont reçu un traitement à base de fer. Des contrôles ont été effectués à la fin du traitement martial. Résultats. La prévalence de la carence martiale est variable en fonction de la tranche d’âge, elle est de 41% chez le nouveau-né dont 25%sont en état de carence avancée (anémie par carence martiale) de 1à 6mois elle est de 40,5% chez le nourrisson de 7à12mois elle est de 51,9% ; Chez l’enfant de 13-60mois elle est de 42,3% et 29,3% sont en carence sévère (anémie par carence martiale). Les facteurs de risque retrouvés sont : la non supplémentation durant la grossesse, la mauvaise diversification alimentaire des nourrissons, le faible apport en fer alimentaire, chez les enfants carencés nous avons observé des anomalies du développement psychomoteur et de l’IMC. Conclusion. La carence martiale est fréquente chez les enfants de 0 à 5 ans à Batna. La supplémentation en fer des femmes enceintes, la bonne diversification alimentaire, un régime alimentaire équilibré et riche en fer permettraient de prévenir cette carence.

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Demir, Uğur, Mahmut Aşırdizer, Yasin Etli, Erhan Kartal, Orhan Gümüş, and Yavuz Hekimoğlu. "Analysis of accidental deaths of children under five years of age." Turkish Journal of Forensic Medicine 31, no. 1 (2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/adlitip.2017.83792.

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M. Sayed, Yahia, Soheir A. Mohamed, Nagla F. Mahmoud, and Sanaa M. Ahmed. "Mothers's Knowledge Regarding Care of Children Having Pneumonia Under Five Years." Egyptian Journal of Health Care 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2015.211228.

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Nursantari, Widya, Erida Wydiamala, Lenie Marlinae, Roselina Panghiyangani, and Meitria Syahadatina Noor. "Factors Related to Pneumonia in Children Under Five Years in Banjarmasin." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, no. 06 (June 18, 2020): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.06.2020.p10275.

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Gardner, N., B. Fletcher, G. Slater, and R. Campbell. "ICP for children with feeding problems under five years of age." International Journal of Care Pathways 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/j.jicp.2006.135.

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Wijiwinarsih, A., T. Nugraha Susilawati, and B. Murti. "Wasting Prevention in under Five-Years-Old Children with Exclusive Breastfeeding." KnE Life Sciences 4, no. 12 (March 25, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i12.4171.

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Gardner, Nien, Brenda Fletcher, Georgina Slater, and Rachael Campbell. "ICP for children with feeding problems under five years of age." Journal of integrated Care Pathways 10, no. 3 (December 2006): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205343540601000306.

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Besada, D. A. "Accidental Drowning in Children under Five Years of Age in Argentina." Academic Emergency Medicine 14, no. 4 (February 12, 2007): e79-e80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2006.10.017.

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Galadanci, Aisha A., Michael R. DeBaun, and Najibah A. Galadanci. "Neurologic complications in children under five years with sickle cell disease." Neuroscience Letters 706 (July 2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.030.

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Ceyhan, M., Y. Ozsurekci, and K. Aykac. "Economic Burden of Pneumococcal Infections In Children Under Five Years Old." Value in Health 18, no. 7 (November 2015): A417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.539.

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Palaiologou, Ioanna. "Children under five and digital technologies: implications for early years pedagogy." European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 24, no. 1 (June 24, 2014): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350293x.2014.929876.

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Chen, Bo, Pengpeng Ye, Biwei Tang, Siqi Wang, Jia Guo, and Jing Wu. "Unintentional Injury Mortality Among Children Under Five Years — China, 2006−2017." China CDC Weekly 2, no. 10 (2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.041.

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Nicholson, Jan, and Melissa Bonsall. "Powered Mobility for Children under Five Years of Age in England." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 6 (June 2002): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260206500608.

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SAMANI, EL FATIH Z. EL, WALTER C. WILLETT, and JAMES H. WARE. "ASSOCIATION OF MALNUTRITION AND DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN AGED UNDER FIVE YEARS." American Journal of Epidemiology 128, no. 1 (July 1988): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114963.

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DUTTA, SAMIR R., SAMEER A. KHALFAN, BADER H. BAIG, LAYLA PHILIPOSE, and RASHID FULAYFIL. "Epidemiology of Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Children under Five Years in Bahrain." International Journal of Epidemiology 19, no. 3 (1990): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/19.3.722.

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Mumtaz, Ahmed, Jehanzeb Akram, Nauman Nazir, Abul Hadi Hasan, Ramsha Ali, Ayesha Basharat, Alizay Tauqeer, Jowaria Imtiaz Warraich, Bismah Imtiaz Warraich, and Tayyab Mumtaz Khan. "Risk Factors of Nutritional Rickets among Children Under-five Years of Age." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 7, no. 10 (August 23, 2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1157.

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Purpose: Rickets is one of the most common diseases of childhood and is more prevalent in the developing countries. It affects the rapid growth phase of the children. Rickets is affected by different factors which are understudied in Pakistan. This study aimed to identify the risk factors that lead to rickets in children under five years of age among diagnosed cases of the nutritional rickets. This may cause reduction in the incidence of the rickets by prevention of the factors that lead to rickets in the children. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the pediatric outpatients department of the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan for 1 year from June 2021 to June 2022 on 132 diagnosed cases of the nutritional rickets. Patients were enrolled via non- probability convenient sampling technique and a set developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through self-structured questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 25. Findings: Nutritional rickets was more common among children who had, age range from 1 to 3 years group (64.39%), male gender (68.94%), lower socioeconomic status (55.30%), exclusive breastfeeding (70.45%), cow’s milk use (71.96%), no sunlight exposure (66.67%), shorter duration of sunlight exposure (57.58%) fully dressed during sunlight exposure (40.90%), no oil massage during sunlight exposure (63.30%), poor nutritional status (72.73%), and mothers with poor nutritional status (69.70%). In short, age group with range 1 to 3 years, male gender, lower socioeconomic status, exclusive breastfeeding, cow’s milk use, no sunlight exposure, shorter duration of sunlight exposure, fully dressed during sunlight exposure, no oil massage during sunlight exposure, child poor nutritional status, and mothers with poor nutritional status, all raise the of the nutritional rickets in children of under five years age. Recommendations: Supplements should be added in the diet of children during breastfeeding. Also, there should be adequate sunlight exposure of children. Finally, malnutrition of both children and mothers should be treated.

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Ugboko, Harriet U., Obinna C. Nwinyi, Solomon U. Oranusi, and Fasina F. Fagbeminiyi. "Risk Factors of Diarrhoea among Children Under Five Years in Southwest Nigeria." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (February 26, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8868543.

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Diarrhoea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day or more frequent passage than is normal for an individual. Diarrhoea alters the microbiome, thus the immune system, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. This study evaluated the association between the risk factors and diarrhoea prevalence among children under five years in Lagos and Ogun States, located in Southwest Nigeria. Participants included 280 women aged 15–49 years and children aged 0–59 months. The study used quantitative data, which were assessed by a structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The relationships and/or association between variables were evaluated using Pearson's Chi Square and logistic regression tests. One hundred and eighteen (42%) of the children were male, and 162 (58%) were female. The majority of the children belonged to the age group 0–11 months (166). Age ( p = 0.113 ) and gender ( p = 0.366 ) showed no significant association with diarrhoea among the children. The majority of the mothers belonged to the age group 30–34. Multivariate analysis showed that the mother's level of education (95% CI for OR = 11.45; P = 0.0001 ) and family income (95% CI for OR = 7.61, P = 0.0001 ) were the most significant risk factors for diarrhoea among children. Mother’s educational status, mother's employment, and family income were the factors significantly associated with diarrhoea in Southwest Nigeria. The study recommends that female education should be encouraged by the right government policy to enhance the achievement of the sustainable development goal three (SDG 3) for the possible reduction of neonates and infants' deaths in Nigeria.

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Barreda-Hanson, Consuelo, and Christine Kilham. "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children under Five." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 22, no. 4 (December 1997): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919702200407.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, continues to be a complex condition to assess and treat, particularly in young children. Nevertheless, early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are crucial because early intervention may help attenuate or even prevent certain undesirable effects in the lives of children and their families. This article provides a description of the disorder as manifested by children under five years of age. This is followed by a discussion of diagnostic issues. Finally, an integrated approach to treatment is suggested.

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Ahmed, Tahmina, Hamida Khanum, and Anwar Hossain. "Prevalence of Trichuris trichiura among the children of age under five years." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 41, no. 1 (May 11, 2015): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v41i1.23303.

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A total of 2880 stool samples of children (under 5 years old) were examined during January to June 2006. The rate of infection of Trichuris trichiura was 5.27%. The highest prevalence was 10.18%, among the children of 2-3 years and none (zero) among 0-1 years. The male children (6.11%) were more infected than the female (4.27%). The mixed infection of T. trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides (26.31%) was higher than the T. trichiura and Giardia sp. (10.52%). The highest rate of infection (6.74%) was found in June and lowest in January (4%).Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 97-103, 2013

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Mahmood, M. Arshad. "Determinants of Growth Retardation in Pakistani Children under Five Years of Age." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (December 1, 2001): 1009–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.1009-1031.

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Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities, and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably from one country to another. Children are at risk of both mortality and morbidity. The problem of malnutrition is widespread in developing countries and particularly severe in South Asian countries, where almost fifty percent of the undernourished children of the world live [Carlson and Wardlaw (1990)]. Rural populations are especially prone to malnutrition because they are more likely to be poor [Tinger (1998)]. The analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 19 developing countries shows that children living in rural areas are more likely to be malnourished [Sommerfelt and Stewart (1994)].

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Dhone, AnjaliB, UdayB Chitnis, SudhirL Jadhav, and JitendraS Bhawalkar. "Epidemiological study of under nutrition among under five years children in an urban slum." Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University 5, no. 2 (2012): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-2870.103331.

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Goswami, Sankar, Rituparna Acharjee, and Sanku Dey. "Determinants of anaemia among children aged under five years in Assam, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 11 (October 21, 2020): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204550.

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Background: Childhood anaemia is a major public health threat that can increase susceptibility to infections, risk of mortality together with serious degrading consequences on cognitive and physical development. The aim was to examine the prevalence of anaemia in children aged under-five years in Assam, India, exploring 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data.Methods: Statistical analysis is performed on the cross-sectional data of 10,309 children from 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), using binary logistic regression model, to assess the significance of some risk factors of child anaemia. Anaemia was diagnosed by WHO cut-off points on hemoglobin level.Results: The prevalence of child anaemia was 35.7 per cent in Assam, India, with mean haemoglobin concentration 11.36 gm/dl (95% CI, 11.32-11.38); male and female being equaled proportionately anaemic. Out of 27 districts in Assam, the highest prevalence was found in Dibrugarh (52.2 per cent), followed by Nalbari (46.7 per cent) and Darrang (45.6 per cent); and the least prevalence was found in Karbi-Anglong (24.4 per cent). The findings indicate that rural children and lower age-groups were at greater risk of anaemia. Higher birth order, low level of maternal education, low level of maternal nutrition and non-intake of iron supplements during pregnancy increased the risk of anaemia among children (p<0.05).Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for proper preventive measures to combat child anaemia. Rural population should be given special attention. Maternal education, nutrition, and birth control measures should be priorities in the programs.

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