Journal articles: 'Chimera method'

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Polejaeva, Irina, and Shoukhrat Mitalipov. "Stem cell potency and the ability to contribute to chimeric organisms." REPRODUCTION 145, no. 3 (March 2013): R81—R88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0396.

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Mouse embryonic chimeras are a well-established tool for studying cell lineage commitment and pluripotency. Experimental chimeras were successfully produced by combining two or more preimplantation embryos or by introducing into host embryo cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Chimera production using genetically modified ESCs became the method of choice for the generation of knockout or knockin mice. Although the derivation of ESCs or ESC-like cells has been reported for other species, only mouse and rat pluripotent stem cells have been shown to contribute to germline-competent chimeras, which is the defining feature of ESCs. Herein, we describe different approaches employed for the generation of embryonic chimeras, define chimera-competent cell types, and describe cases of spontaneous chimerism in humans. We also review the current state of derivation of pluripotent stem cells in several species and discuss outcomes of various chimera studies when such cells are used.

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Brezzi, Franco, Jacques-Louis Lions, and Olivier Pironneau. "Analysis of a Chimera method." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series I - Mathematics 332, no. 7 (April 2001): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4442(01)01904-8.

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Czech, M. P., A. Chawla, C. W. Woon, J. Buxton, M. Armoni, W. Tang, M. Joly, and S. Corvera. "Exofacial epitope-tagged glucose transporter chimeras reveal COOH-terminal sequences governing cellular localization." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.1.127.

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The insulin-regulated adipocyte/skeletal muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4) displays a characteristic steady-state intracellular localization under basal conditions, whereas the erythrocyte/brain transporter isoform (GLUT1) distributes mostly to the cell surface. To identify possible structural elements in these transporter proteins that determine their cellular localization, GLUT1/GLUT4 chimera cDNA constructs that contain the hemagglutinin epitope YPYDVPDYA (HA) in their major exofacial loops were engineered. Binding of monoclonal anti-HA antibody to non-permeabilized COS-7 cells expressing HA-tagged transporter chimeras revealed that expression of transporters on the cell surface was strongly influenced by their cytoplasmic COOH-terminal domain. This method also revealed a less marked, but significant effect on cellular localization of amino acid residues between transporter exofacial and middle loops. The subcellular distribution of expressed chimeras was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy of permeabilized COS-7 cells. Thus, HA-tagged native GLUT4 was concentrated in the perinuclear region, whereas a chimera containing the COOH-terminal 29 residues of GLUT1 substituted onto GLUT4 distributed to the plasma membrane, as did native GLUT1. Furthermore, a chimera composed of GLUT1 with a GLUT4 COOH-terminal 30-residue substitution exhibited a predominantly intracellular localization. Similar data was obtained in CHO cells stably expressing these chimeras. Taken together, these results define the unique COOH-terminal cytoplasmic sequences of the GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters as important determinants of cellular localization in COS-7 and CHO cells.

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Goglidze, V. B. "NOT THE DE M'YUZANE CHIMERAS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS." ГИПНОЗ И ПСИХОАНАЛИЗ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ 1, no. 3 (September 25, 2024): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/3034-3291-2024-1-3-4-14.

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Relevance. In the article, the author expresses his opinion about the unconscious creative Chimera of Michel de M'uzan. The relevance of this is in reducing the spread of hoaxes in psychoanalysis. Intention. The author's intention is to provide evidence that every possible encounter with a creative Chimera is a consequence of the psychodynamic processes of the therapist-patient dyad. Methodology. Analysis of specialized literature and clinical cases. The results and their analysis. As a result of the study, a conclusion was made about the rational origin of the newly appeared images of Chimeras. The author also calls for the interpretative retelling of the patient's mental material to be considered chimeras. The results and their analysis. The analyst provides his own Unconscious, Ego and Superego to support the still unstable mental instances of the analyzed. Awareness of the therapist's own mental processes helps to expand knowledge about himself and helps to avoid hoaxes and deviations from the method of psychoanalysis.

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Mysara, Mohamed, Yvan Saeys, Natalie Leys, Jeroen Raes, and Pieter Monsieurs. "CATCh, an Ensemble Classifier for Chimera Detection in 16S rRNA Sequencing Studies." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 5 (December 19, 2014): 1573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02896-14.

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ABSTRACTIn ecological studies, microbial diversity is nowadays mostly assessed via the detection of phylogenetic marker genes, such as 16S rRNA. However, PCR amplification of these marker genes produces a significant amount of artificial sequences, often referred to as chimeras. Different algorithms have been developed to remove these chimeras, but efforts to combine different methodologies are limited. Therefore, two machine learning classifiers (reference-based andde novoCATCh) were developed by integrating the output of existing chimera detection tools into a new, more powerful method. When comparing our classifiers with existing tools in either the reference-based orde novomode, a higher performance of our ensemble method was observed on a wide range of sequencing data, including simulated, 454 pyrosequencing, and Illumina MiSeq data sets. Since our algorithm combines the advantages of different individual chimera detection tools, our approach produces more robust results when challenged with chimeric sequences having a low parent divergence, short length of the chimeric range, and various numbers of parents. Additionally, it could be shown that integrating CATCh in the preprocessing pipeline has a beneficial effect on the quality of the clustering in operational taxonomic units.

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Patidar, Manoj, Naveen Yadav, and Sarat K. Dalai. "Influence of Length and Amino Acid Composition on Dimer Formation of Immunoglobulin based Chimera." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 11 (June 27, 2018): 1211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666171018115206.

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Background: The dimeric immunoglobulin (Ig) chimeras used for drug targeting and delivery are preferred biologics over their monomeric forms. Designing these Ig chimeras involves critical selection of a suitable Ig base that ensures dimer formation. In the present study, we systematically analyzed several factors that influence the formation of dimeric chimera. We designed and predicted 608 cytokine-Ig chimeras where we tested the contributions of (1) different domains of Ig constant heavy chain, (2) length of partner proteins, (3) amino acid (AA) composition and (4) position of cysteine in the formation of homodimer. Method: The sequences of various Ig and cytokines were procured from Uniprot database, fused and submitted to COTH (CO-THreader) server for the prediction of dimer formation. Contributions of different domains of Ig constant heavy chain, length of chimeric proteins, AA composition and position of cysteine to the homodimer formation of 608 cytokine-Ig chimeras were tested. Various in silico approaches were adopted for validating the in silico findings. Experimentally we also validated our approach by expressing the chimeric design of shorter cytokine with Ig domain in CHO cells and analyzing the protein by SDS-PAGE. Results: Our results advocate that while the CH1 region and the Hinge region of Ig heavy chain are critical, the length of partner proteins also crucially influences homodimer formation of the Ig-based chimera. We also report that the CH1 domain of Ig is not required for dimer formation of Ig based chimera in the presence of larger partner proteins. For shorter partner proteins fused to CH2-CH3, careful selection of partner sequence is critical, particularly the hydrophobic AA composition, cysteine content & their positions, disulphide bond formation property, and the linker sequences. We validated our in silico observation by various bioinformatics tools and checked the ability of chimeras to bind with the receptors of native protein by docking studies. As a proof of concept, we have expressed the chimeric proteins in CHO cells and found that our design favors the synthesis of dimeric proteins. Conclusion: Our structural prediction study suggests that extra amino acids in the range of 15-20 added to the CH2 domain of Ig is a critical requirement to make homodimer. This information from our study will have implication in designing efficacious homodimeric chimera.

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Johnson, J. G. "Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses: A chimera." Geology 18, no. 1 (1990): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0044:momwha>2.3.co;2.

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Wright, Erik S., L. Safak Yilmaz, and Daniel R. Noguera. "DECIPHER, a Search-Based Approach to Chimera Identification for 16S rRNA Sequences." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 3 (November 18, 2011): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06516-11.

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ABSTRACTDECIPHER is a new method for finding 16S rRNA chimeric sequences by the use of a search-based approach. The method is based upon detecting short fragments that are uncommon in the phylogenetic group where a query sequence is classified but frequently found in another phylogenetic group. The algorithm was calibrated for full sequences (fs_DECIPHER) and short sequences (ss_DECIPHER) and benchmarked against WigeoN (Pintail), ChimeraSlayer, and Uchime using artificially generated chimeras. Overall, ss_DECIPHER and Uchime provided the highest chimera detection for sequences 100 to 600 nucleotides long (79% and 81%, respectively), but Uchime's performance deteriorated for longer sequences, while ss_DECIPHER maintained a high detection rate (89%). Both methods had low false-positive rates (1.3% and 1.6%). The more conservative fs_DECIPHER, benchmarked only for sequences longer than 600 nucleotides, had an overall detection rate lower than that of ss_DECIPHER (75%) but higher than those of the other programs. In addition, fs_DECIPHER had the lowest false-positive rate among all the benchmarked programs (<0.20%). DECIPHER was outperformed only by ChimeraSlayer and Uchime when chimeras were formed from closely related parents (less than 10% divergence). Given the differences in the programs, it was possible to detect over 89% of all chimeras with just the combination of ss_DECIPHER and Uchime. Using fs_DECIPHER, we detected between 1% and 2% additional chimeras in the RDP, SILVA, and Greengenes databases from which chimeras had already been removed with Pintail or Bellerophon. DECIPHER was implemented in the R programming language and is directly accessible through a webpage or by downloading the program as an R package (http://DECIPHER.cee.wisc.edu).

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Kozhemyachenko, A. A., and A. V. Favorskaya. "Grid Convergence Analysis of Grid-Characteristic Method on Chimera Meshes in Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing of Railroad Rail." Журнал вычислительной математики и математической физики 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 1687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044466923100071.

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A three-dimensional direct problem of ultrasonic nondestructive testing of a railroad rail treated as a linear elastic medium is solved by applying a grid-characteristic method on curved structured Chimera and Cartesian background meshes. The algorithm involves mutual interpolation between Chimera and Cartesian meshes that takes into account the features of the transition from curved to Cartesian meshes in three-dimensional space. An analytical algorithm for generating Chimera meshes is proposed. The convergence of the developed numerical algorithms under mesh refinement in space is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the full-wave fields of the velocity modulus representing the propagation of a perturbation from its source is presented.

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Hu, Xiaodong, Zhonghua Lu, Jian Zhang, Xiazhen Liu, Wu Yuan, Shan Liang, and Haikuo Zhang. "A parallel algorithm for chimera grid with implicit hole cutting method." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 34, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342019845042.

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The chimera grid methods have been widely used in the simulation of flow over complex configurations and unsteady moving boundary process. Lee and Baeder presented the implicit hole cutting (IHC) method, which improves the practicability and robustness of chimera grid method. But the excessive time consumption of this method restricts the scalability of parallelism. In this article, based on the parallel implementation of IHC method with structured multi-block grid, the factors which restrict the performance and efficiency are analyzed. Cartesian auxiliary grid is introduced to reduce the communication and computing cost. Finally, test cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm, and the calculation and data communication are reduced on the premise of maintaining accuracy.

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Wittenborn, Thomas Rea, Cecilia Fahlquist Hagert, Alexey Ferapontov, Sofie Fonager, Lisbeth Jensen, Gudrun Winther, and Søren Egedal Degn. "Comparison of gamma and x-ray irradiation for myeloablation and establishment of normal and autoimmune syngeneic bone marrow chimeras." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e0247501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247501.

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Murine bone marrow (BM) chimeras are a versatile and valuable research tool in stem cell and immunology research. Engraftment of donor BM requires myeloablative conditioning of recipients. The most common method used for mice is ionizing radiation, and Cesium-137 gamma irradiators have been preferred. However, radioactive sources are being out-phased worldwide due to safety concerns, and are most commonly replaced by X-ray sources, creating a need to compare these sources regarding efficiency and potential side effects. Prior research has proven both methods capable of efficiently ablating BM cells and splenocytes in mice, but with moderate differences in resultant donor chimerism across tissues. Here, we compared Cesium-137 to 350 keV X-ray irradiation with respect to immune reconstitution, assaying complete, syngeneic BM chimeras and a mixed chimera model of autoimmune disease. Based on dose titration, we find that both gamma and X-ray irradiation can facilitate a near-complete donor chimerism. Mice subjected to 13 Gy Cesium-137 irradiation and reconstituted with syngeneic donor marrow were viable and displayed high donor chimerism, whereas X-ray irradiated mice all succumbed at 13 Gy. However, a similar degree of chimerism as that obtained following 13 Gy gamma irradiation could be achieved by 11 Gy X-ray irradiation, about 85% relative to the gamma dose. In the mixed chimera model of autoimmune disease, we found that a similar autoimmune phenotype could be achieved irrespective of irradiation source used. It is thus possible to compare data generated, regardless of the irradiation source, but every setup and application likely needs individual optimization.

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Guo, Jitong, Baojiang Wu, Shuyu Li, Siqin Bao, Lixia Zhao, Shuxiang Hu, Wei Sun, Jie Su, Yanfeng Dai, and Xihe Li. "Contribution of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Chimeras through Injection and Coculture of Embryos." Stem Cells International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/409021.

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Blastocyst injection and morula aggregation are commonly used to evaluate stem cell pluripotency based on chimeric contribution of the stem cells. To assess the protocols for generating chimeras from stem cells, 8-cell mouse embryos were either injected or cocultured with mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, respectively. Although a significantly higher chimera rate resulted from blastocyst injection, the highest germline contribution resulted from injection of 8-cell embryos with embryonic stem cells. The fully agouti colored chimeras were generated from both injection and coculture of 8-cell embryos with embryonic stem cells. Additionally, microsatellite DNA screening showed that the fully agouti colored chimeras were fully embryonic stem cell derived mice. Unlike embryonic stem cells, the mouse chimeras were only generated from injection of 8-cell embryos with induced pluripotent stem cells and none of these showed germline transmission. The results indicated that injection of 8-cell embryos is the most efficient method for assessing stem cell pluripotency and generating induced pluripotent stem cell chimeras, embryonic stem cell chimeras with germline transmission, and fully mouse embryonic stem cell derived mice.

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Roman, G., T. Popek, C. Lazar, T. Kiyota, A. Kluczyk, and Y. Konishi. "Drug Evolution Concept in Drug Design: 2. Chimera Method." Medicinal Chemistry 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340606776056214.

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Ramírez, Luis, Xesús Nogueira, Pablo Ouro, Fermín Navarrina, Sofiane Khelladi, and Ignasi Colominas. "A Higher-Order Chimera Method for Finite Volume Schemes." Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 25, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 691–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11831-017-9213-8.

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Houzeaux, G., B. Eguzkitza, R. Aubry, H. Owen, and M. Vázquez. "A Chimera method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 75, no. 3 (February 19, 2014): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.3886.

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Papaioannou, Virginia E., and Richard R. Behringer. "Getting around an Early Lethal Phenotype in Mice with Chimeras." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2024, no. 1 (November 6, 2023): pdb.over107979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.over107979.

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The same gene can have many different functions in different places in the body and/or at different times in development and adult life. Often only one organ or one developmental stage is of particular interest to an investigator. If, however, lethality or severe detrimental effects of a mutation prevent the study of the organ or stage of interest, there are a number of ways to circumvent an early effect. In this overview, we discuss one way of getting around an early lethal phenotype by using chimeras, a method that is also useful for studying the mutant cells in the context of a wild-type host as part of the phenotypic analysis. The composition of chimeras with respect to embryonic cell lineages can be controlled to some extent to produce lineage-restricted chimeras with, for example, mutant cells restricted to certain lineages. Depending on the site of action of the mutant gene, this could result in chimeric “rescue.” Details of how to distinguish mutant cells from wild type, an essential part of any chimera experiment, are discussed as well as methods to genotype the chimeras with respect to both component cell types.

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Boese, Martin, Rina Y. Berman, Jennifer Qiu, Haley F. Spencer, Kennett D. Radford, and Kwang H. Choi. "Effects of Mild Closed-Head Injury and Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion on Microglia, Axonal Injury, and Synaptic Density in Sprague–Dawley Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8 (April 12, 2024): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084287.

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects millions of people in the U.S. Approximately 20–30% of those individuals develop adverse symptoms lasting at least 3 months. In a rat mTBI study, the closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) produced significant axonal injury in the optic tract (OT), indicating white-matter damage. Because retinal ganglion cells project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus through the OT, we hypothesized that synaptic density may be reduced in the LGN of rats following CHIMERA injury. A modified SEQUIN (synaptic evaluation and quantification by imaging nanostructure) method, combined with immunofluorescent double-labeling of pre-synaptic (synapsin) and post-synaptic (PSD-95) markers, was used to quantify synaptic density in the LGN. Microglial activation at the CHIMERA injury site was determined using Iba-1 immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the effects of ketamine, a potential neuroprotective drug, were evaluated in CHIMERA-induced mTBI. A single-session repetitive (ssr-) CHIMERA (3 impacts, 1.5 joule/impact) produced mild effects on microglial activation at the injury site, which was significantly enhanced by post-injury intravenous ketamine (10 mg/kg) infusion. However, ssr-CHIMERA did not alter synaptic density in the LGN, although ketamine produced a trend of reduction in synaptic density at post-injury day 4. Further research is necessary to characterize the effects of ssr-CHIMERA and subanesthetic doses of intravenous ketamine on different brain regions and multiple time points post-injury. The current study demonstrates the utility of the ssr-CHIMERA as a rodent model of mTBI, which researchers can use to identify biological mechanisms of mTBI and to develop improved treatment strategies for individuals suffering from head trauma.

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Mori, Koichi, Takafumi Mukaihara, Yoshiko Uesugi, Masaki Iwabuchi, and Tadashi Hatanaka. "Repeat-Length-Independent Broad-Spectrum Shuffling, a Novel Method of Generating a Random Chimera Library In Vivo." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 2 (February 2005): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.2.754-760.2005.

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ABSTRACT We describe a novel method of random chimeragenesis based on highly frequent deletion formation in the Escherichia coli ssb-3 strain and a deletion-directed chimera selection system that uses the rpsL + gene as a reporter. It enables the selection of chimeras without target gene expression and can therefore be applied to cytotoxic targets. When this system was applied to phospholipase D genes from Streptomyces septatus TH-2 and Streptomyces halstedii subsp. scabies K6 (examples of cytotoxic targets), chimeragenesis occurred between short identical sequences at the corresponding position of the parental genes with large variations. Chimeragenesis was >1,000 times more frequent in the ssb-3 background than in the ssb + background. We called this system repeat-length-independent broad-spectrum shuffling. It enables the convenient chimeragenesis and functional study of chimeric proteins. In fact, we found two amino acid residues related to the thermostability of phospholipase D (Phe426 and Thr433) by comparing thermostability among the chimeric enzymes obtained.

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Driver, Taran, Nikhil Bachhawat, Leszek J. Frasinski, Jonathan P. Marangos, Vitali Averbukh, and Marina Edelson-Averbukh. "Chimera Spectrum Diagnostics for Peptides Using Two-Dimensional Partial Covariance Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123728.

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The rate of successful identification of peptide sequences by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is adversely affected by the common occurrence of co-isolation and co-fragmentation of two or more isobaric or isomeric parent ions. This results in so-called `chimera spectra’, which feature peaks of the fragment ions from more than a single precursor ion. The totality of the fragment ion peaks in chimera spectra cannot be assigned to a single peptide sequence, which contradicts a fundamental assumption of the standard automated MS/MS spectra analysis tools, such as protein database search engines. This calls for a diagnostic method able to identify chimera spectra to single out the cases where this assumption is not valid. Here, we demonstrate that, within the recently developed two-dimensional partial covariance mass spectrometry (2D-PC-MS), it is possible to reliably identify chimera spectra directly from the two-dimensional fragment ion spectrum, irrespective of whether the co-isolated peptide ions are isobaric up to a finite mass accuracy or isomeric. We introduce ‘3-57 chimera tag’ technique for chimera spectrum diagnostics based on 2D-PC-MS and perform numerical simulations to examine its efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate the detection of a mixture of two isomeric parent ions, even under conditions when one isomeric peptide is at one five-hundredth of the molar concentration of the second isomer.

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Duffy, M. J., O. Kelly, L. Belshaw, R. B. King, I. D. Williams, C. R. Calvert, and J. B. Greenwood. "KEIRA-CHIMERA: A new method in high resolution mass spectrometry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 388, no. 14 (November 5, 2012): 142024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/388/14/142024.

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Alderighi, M., A. Anzalone, L. Auditore, N. Arena, R. Bassini, J. Blicharska, C. Boiano, et al. "Pulse Shape Method applied to silicon detectors of CHIMERA array." Nuclear Physics A 734 (April 2004): E88—E91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.03.027.

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Farahbakhsh, Alireza, and Narges Yeke Yazdani. "METAFICTITONAL NARRATIVE QUALITIES OF CHIMERA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i12.2018.1105.

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This paper seeks to discern the narratological aspects of John Barth's famous essay titled “Literature of Exhaustion” in narrative qualities of his own novel, Chimera. Different narrative elements are discussed in the process of reading the essay; they include “The Construction and Deconstruction of Illusions in Chimera”, “The Orchestration of Polyphony of Voices”, “The Decadence of Mythology” and “Barth’s Success in the Pedagogy of Writing”. Each concept will be discussed in a separate section. The first section aims to discuss the concept of metafiction. Barth tries to represent the clash between real and represented worlds to confirm the fact that the boundary between reality and fiction becomes vague in the process of the novel. The second section focuses on "Heteroglossia" as one of the major themes of the novel. All of the characters represent Barth's voice in Chimera. The third section examines the influence of mythology and its decadence. The author attempts to advance a new method of writing by the traditional mimic forms and intertexual games. The last section intends to examine Barth's pedagogy of writing. He tries to create new fictions out of what already has been said in the world of fiction. The article concludes that Chimera is a rich postmodern novel that can be a role-model for writers to avoid originality and writer's block in writing.

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Shimegi, Tomohito, Takuji Ooyama, Takashi Ohtsuki, Genji Kurisu, Masami Kusunoki, and Sadaharu Ui. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of domain-chimericL-(2S,3S)-butanediol dehydrogenase." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 4 (March 25, 2014): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x13032755.

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A domain-chimeric L-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (chimera L-BDH), which was designed to possess both theS-configuration specificity of L-BDH and the stability ofmeso-BDH, was constructed by exchanging the respective domains of these two BDHs. However, chimera L-BDH possessed a lower enzymatic function than expected based on the two original enzymes. To elucidate the causes of the decreased stability and substrate specificity, crystallization of the protein was performed. Chimera L-BDH was purified to homogeneityviaammonium sulfate fractionation and three column-chromatography steps, and was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belonged to space groupC2221, diffracted synchrotron radiation to 1.58 Å resolution and were most likely to contain two molecules in the asymmetric unit.

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Dudkowski, Dawid, Patrycja Jaros, Krzysztof Czołczyński, and Tomasz Kapitaniak. "Small amplitude chimeras for coupled clocks." Nonlinear Dynamics 102, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 1541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05990-z.

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AbstractWe report the arise of small amplitude chimera states in three coupled pendulum clocks suspended on an oscillating base. Two types of chimeras are identified and described by the character of the behaviour of particular units (which can be both regular or irregular). The regions of the appearance of the dynamical patterns are determined and the scenarios of their coexistence with typical synchronization states are discussed. We investigate the chimeras’ basins of attraction, showing that the arise of complex dynamics is not straightforward and highly depends on the system’s parameters and the initial conditions. The latter is confirmed by the probability analysis, exhibiting the rare character of the observed attractors. The scenarios of bifurcations between the chimeric patterns are studied and supported using the energy balance method, which allows to describe the changes of the energy flows between particular nodes of the system. The results presented in this paper confirm the ones obtained for the previous models, extending the analysis with an additional degree of freedom.

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Ri, Jong-Sang, Hyok Jang, and Chol-Ung Choe. "Phase transition to chimera state in two populations of oscillators interacting via a common external environment." Europhysics Letters 136, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 38003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ac4198.

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Abstract We consider two populations of coupled oscillators, interacting with each other through a common external environment. The external environment is synthesized by the contributions from all oscillators of both populations. Such indirect coupling via an external medium arises naturally in many fields, e.g., dynamical quorum sensing in coupled biological and chemical systems. We analyze the existence and stability of a variety of stationary states on the basis of the Ott-Antonsen reduction method, which reveals that the interaction via an external environment gives rise to unusual collective behaviors such as the uniform drifting, non-uniform drifting and chimera states. We present a complete bifurcation diagram, which provides the underlying mechanism of the phase transition towards chimera state with the route of incoherence uniform drift non-uniform drift chimera.

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Chien, Henry, Yupeng Fan, and Ziyun Zeng. "Application of the Chimera Method to Poisson’s Equation with the Homogeneous Dirichlet Boundary Condition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2287, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2287/1/012004.

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Abstract Establishing variational formulation is an effective way to study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of certain elliptic partial differential equation with boundary condition. For the solution of certain elliptic partial differential equation with boundary condition, we know that the numerical solution obtained by the finite element method approximates the solution of this equation. Moreover, to avoid gridding overly complex domains, we can use the Chimera method to decompose the domain into several overlapping sub-domains. In this paper, we study Poisson’s equation with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. By analyzing the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the corresponding variational formulation, we know the existence and uniqueness of the solution of Poisson’s equation with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. We use the Chimera method and the finite element method to deal with Poisson’s equation with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition by constructing two iterative sequences and analyzing their properties.

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Streiffer, Robert. "Chimeras, Moral Status, and Public Policy: Implications of the Abortion Debate for Public Policy on Human/Nonhuman Chimera Research." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 2 (2010): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00484.x.

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Moral status is the moral value that something has in its own right, independently of the interests or concerns of others. Research using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) implicates issues about moral status because the current method of extracting hESCs involves the destruction of a human embryo, the moral status of which is contested. Moral status issues can also arise, however, when hESCs are transplanted into embryonic or fetal animals, thereby creating human/ nonhuman stem cell chimeras (“chimeras” for short). In particular, one concern about chimera research is that it could confer upon an animal the moral status of a normal human adult, but then impermissibly fail to accord the animal the protections it merits in virtue of its enhanced status. Understanding the public policy implications of this ethical conclusion is complicated by the fact that certain views about the moral status of the embryo cannot legitimately be used to justify public policy decisions. Arguments like those employed in the abortion debate for the conclusion that abortion should be legally permissible even if abortion is not morally permissible also support, to a more limited degree, a liberal policy on hESC research involving the creation of chimeras.

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Railsback, L. Bruce, William W. Locke, and J. G. Johnson. "Comments and Reply on "Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses: A chimera"." Geology 18, no. 9 (1990): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0917:caromo>2.3.co;2.

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Slimani, Mehdi, Miguel Cervera, and Michele Chiumenti. "A chimera method for thermal part-scale metal additive manufacturing simulation." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 241 (November 2024): 104238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2024.104238.

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Chen, Yongyue, Brian Button, Guillermo A. Altenberg, and Luis Reuss. "Potentiation of effect of PKA stimulation of Xenopus CFTR by activation of PKC: role of NBD2." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 5 (November 2004): C1436—C1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00045.2004.

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Activity of the human (h) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is predominantly regulated by PKA-mediated phosphorylation. In contrast, Xenopus ( X)CFTR is more responsive to PKC than PKA stimulation. We investigated the interaction between the two kinases in XCFTR. We expressed XCFTR in Xenopus oocytes and maximally stimulated it with PKA agonists. The magnitude of activation after PKC stimulation was about eightfold that without pretreatment with PKC agonist. hCFTR, expressed in the same system, lacked this response. We name this phenomenon XCFTR-specific PKC potentiation effect. To ascertain its biophysical mechanism, we first tested for XCFTR channel insertion into the plasma membrane by a substituted-cysteine-accessibility method. No insertion was detected during kinase stimulation. Next, we studied single-channel properties and found that the single-channel open probability ( Po) with PKA stimulation subsequent to PKC stimulation was 2.8-fold that observed in the absence of PKC preactivation and that single-channel conductance (γ) was increased by ∼22%. To ascertain which XCFTR regions are responsible for the potentiation, we constructed several XCFTR-hCFTR chimeras, expressed them in Xenopus oocytes, and tested them electrophysiologically. Two chimeras [hCFTR NH2-terminal region or regulatory (R) domain in XCFTR] showed a significant decrease in potentiation. In the chimera in which XCFTR nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)2 was replaced with the hCFTR sequence there was no potentiation whatsoever. The converse chimera (hCFTR with Xenopus NBD2) did not exhibit potentiation. These results indicate that potentiation by PKC involves a large increase in Po (with a small change in γ) without CFTR channel insertion into the plasma membrane, that XCFTR NBD2 is necessary but not sufficient for the effect, and that the potentiation effect is likely to involve other CFTR domains.

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Di, Ya Chao, Ge Gao, Jing Lei Xu, Xing Chen Shao, and Qing Yang. "Time-Accurate Simulation of the Aircraft External Store Separation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.854.

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Based on the original unsteady simulation program, the transonic aircraft external store separation was simulated by structured chimera grid approach coupled with a six degree of freedom trajectory code. The chimera grid utilized the hole-map cutting method; the searching efficiency was compared between the stencil walk and inverse map when building interpolation during the procedure. The space format utilized flux difference splitting format FDS based on Roe, moreover adding the min-mod limiter to achieve second order accuracy. The time format utilized the implicit integration and discrete scheme of the Back-Euler method. The three-dimensional trajectory of the store was captured and better fit for the experimental data. The results show that the method is correct and provides a reference for the simulation of the unsteady multi-body separation.

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Hopping, Gene, Richard J. Lewis, and Paul F. Alewood. "Rapid Access to ω-Conotoxin Chimeras using Native Chemical Ligation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 10 (2009): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09216.

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Grafting different regions of related peptides together to form a single protein chimera is a valuable tool in rapidly elucidating regions of activity or selectivity in peptides and proteins. To conveniently evaluate the contributions of the N- and C-terminal segments of ω-conotoxins CVID and MVIIC to activity, we employed native chemical ligation in CVID-MVIIC chimera design. Assembly of these peptide segments via the ligation method improved overall yield and coupling efficiency, with no difficult sequences encountered in contrast to the traditional full-length chain assembly of CVID. Radio-ligand binding assays revealed regions of importance for receptor recognition.

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Sztán, Nikoletta, Bence Lázár, Nóra Bodzsár, Barbara Végi, Krisztina Liptói, Bertrand Pain, and Eszter Patakiné Várkonyi. "Successful chimera production in the Hungarian goose (Anser anser domestica) by intracardiac injection of blastodermal cells in 3-day-old embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 11 (2017): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16289.

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The conservation of genetic resources of avian species has become increasingly important over the past decade. The aim of the present study was to develop a genome preservation technique for the Hungarian goose Anser anser domestica. To this end, we developed a novel approach combining the simplicity of isolating a blastodermal cell suspension, which includes forming primordial germ cells (PGCs), with the efficiency of targeting future gonads by injecting these cells into the cardiac vein of the developing host embryo. First, we determined that the migratory period of PGCs in goose embryos was between 69 and 84 h of development. Then, we injected the blastodermal cell suspension into the bloodstream of recipient embryos at this stage of development and monitored donor cell transmission into the genital tract. In all, 249 embryos were injected; three were found to be chimeras in gonadal tissues, whereas only one was a chimera in other tissues. Based on these results, it is concluded that this method is suitable for producing chimeras in the domestic goose. The optimal time of cell injection was found to be between 74 and 76 h. The present study is the first report of the generation of chimeras in the domestic goose using intracardiac transplantation of embryonic cells.

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Burke, Catherine M., and Aaron E. Darling. "A method for high precision sequencing of near full-length 16S rRNA genes on an Illumina MiSeq." PeerJ 4 (September 20, 2016): e2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2492.

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BackgroundThe bacterial 16S rRNA gene has historically been used in defining bacterial taxonomy and phylogeny. However, there are currently no high-throughput methods to sequence full-length 16S rRNA genes present in a sample with precision.ResultsWe describe a method for sequencing near full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons using the high throughput Illumina MiSeq platform and test it using DNA from human skin swab samples. Proof of principle of the approach is demonstrated, with the generation of 1,604 sequences greater than 1,300 nt from a single Nano MiSeq run, with accuracy estimated to be 100-fold higher than standard Illumina reads. The reads were chimera filtered using information from a single molecule dual tagging scheme that boosts the signal available for chimera detection.ConclusionsThis method could be scaled up to generate many thousands of sequences per MiSeq run and could be applied to other sequencing platforms. This has great potential for populating databases with high quality, near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences from under-represented taxa and environments and facilitates analyses of microbial communities at higher resolution.

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Velappan, Nileena, Fortunato Ferrara, Sara D’Angelo, Devin Close, Leslie Naranjo, Madeline R. Bolding, Sarah C. Mozden, et al. "Direct selection of functional fluorescent-protein antibody fusions by yeast display." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 24, 2023): e0280930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280930.

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Antibodies are important reagents for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Many examples of chimeric proteins combining the specific target recognition of antibodies with complementing functionalities such as fluorescence, toxicity or enzymatic activity have been described. However, antibodies selected solely on the basis of their binding specificities are not necessarily ideal candidates for the construction of chimeras. Here, we describe a high throughput method based on yeast display to directly select antibodies most suitable for conversion to fluorescent chimera. A library of scFv binders was converted to a fluorescent chimeric form, by cloning thermal green protein into the linker between VH and VL, and directly selecting for both binding and fluorescent functionality. This allowed us to directly identify antibodies functional in the single chain TGP format, that manifest higher protein expression, easier protein purification, and one-step binding assays.

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Chen, Huey-Jen, and Harry Jan Swartz. "METHODS FOR PRODUCING GRAFT CHIMERAS IN VITRO." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 756G—757. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.756g.

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Several authors report the synthesis of periclinal chimeras generated from graft unions of Solanaceous plants grown in the greenhouse. As this technique requires shoot organogenesis, in vitro conditions are necessary to adapt this technique to woody species. We now report several in vitro techniques necessary to mimic the in vivo graft chimera process. These include rootstock/scion preparation, micrografting and shoot organogenesis from graft unions. Zeatin and auxins have been helpful in preparing graftable material and for increasing the percentage successful grafts. A shorter exposure to organogenic medium containing thidiazuron resulted in greater percentage shoot regeneration from graft unions. Thorny/thornless Rubus and 'Liberty'/'Golden Delicious' or 'Gala' Malus (color) markers are being used to determine the percentage of these regenerants which are chimeral.

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Shi, Yinping, Qiangsheng Wang, Guangfang Zhou, and Congyi Sui. "Colchiploidy Identification of Sections of Shoot Apices in Apple in Vitro." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 549B—549. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.549b.

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Plant mutation induced with colchicine, disturbance of chimeras has long been unsolved. Authors used embryo culture in vitro induced with colchicine for inducing genome of embryonic cells of diploid apple to be doubled, cell doubled differentiated into adventitious shoots, and then were culture into plantlets. By morphological preselection, plants induced hundreds of genotypes had been obtained. To identify ploidy variation of three histogenic layers of shoot apices, sections of shoot apices of 284 plants were identified. Two-hundred-forty-nine tetraploid plants were selected. Entire mutants accounted for 98%, chimeras 2%. This proved that induction in vitro could indeed eliminate disturbance of chimeras and was a new induction technique simply and effectively. Accurate rate of morphological preselection was confirmed by 87.7% by sections of shoot apices. The identification of ploidy of mutated plants of apple in vitro induced with colchicine, the method of combining morphological preselection with sections of shoot apices had advantages over that of chromosome count. First, the method is simple, saving time and labor, with a high success rate and reliable results. Second, whether the mutated plants were chimeras and chimera structures could be known. Main criteria of identifying ploidy by sections of shoot apices are the size of cells, nuclei, and nucleoli and numbers of nucleoli of three histogenic layers of shoot apices. Morphological characters of tetraploid were dumpy, thick, and strong stem with short internodes; small petiole angle; broad-round thick leaves with dark green color; round leaf base; thick and sharp-pointed sawteeth; protruding and clear main vein.

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Liu, Qiuhong, Kun Qu, and Jinsheng Cai. "An automated multi-grid Chimera method based on the implicit hole technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 2 (August 6, 2016): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016636162.

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An automated multi-grid overset grid algorithm is presented for accurate simulation of viscous flows around complex configurations. The algorithm is based on the implicit hole cutting technique optimized with an overset grid construction strategy, a grid cutting criterion and a multi-level overset grid cutting method. The enhanced method is more general than the original method, while preserving the high degree of automation of the implicit hole cutting algorithm. Moreover, a mesh sequencing and multi-grid Chimera strategy is proposed to achieve convergence acceleration of the flow calculations. The present Chimera algorithm is demonstrated through the solution of the flows over the NASA Common Research Model configurations. The results show that the present mesh sequencing and multi-grid strategy in the overset grid framework are very effective in increasing convergence of solution in comparison with the standard three-level multi-grid. Wing pressure comparisons indicate the pressure distribution varies with grid solution at the shock, and a higher grid resolution improves shock definition. Abrupt reductions in lift and drag coefficients are correlated with the side-of-body separation bubble as angle of attack is increased. And various modeling and grid resolution have a strong impact on predicting the side-of-body separation. The side-of-body separation decreases with grid refinement. And the bubble size from spalart-allmaras (SA) modeling is larger than that from shear stress transport model.

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Xi, Ke, and Chao Yan. "CFD Transonic Trajectory Predictions of Three-Store Ripple Release Using Chimera Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 4490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4490.

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The complicated unsteady flows with moving boundary were simulated numerically by coupling solving unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations and 6DOF rigid-body dynamics equations. The Chimera grid technology was used to handle the relative motion. The three-store ripple release of the wing-store configuration was simulated using this method. The computational results are in good agreement with data from other literature, showing that the method used has a strong applicability to complex multi-body separation problem.

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Maruoka, Akira. "Finite Element Analysis for Flow Around a Rotating Body using Chimera Method." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 17, no. 4 (August 2003): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1061856031000120484.

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Zhang, Xing, Saizhen Ni, and Guowei He. "A pressure-correction method and its applications on an unstructured Chimera grid." Computers & Fluids 37, no. 8 (September 2008): 993–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2007.07.019.

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Wurst, Michael, Manuel Keßler, and Ewald Krämer. "A high-order Discontinuous Galerkin Chimera method for laminar and turbulent flows." Computers & Fluids 121 (October 2015): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.08.013.

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Wang, Yu, Heming Ji, Jian Ma, Hang Luo, Yujian He, Xinjing Tang, and Li Wu. "Reversible On-Off Photoswitching of DNA Replication Using a Dumbbell Oligodeoxynucleotide." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 8992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248992.

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In most organisms, DNA extension is highly regulated; however, most studies have focused on controlling the initiation of replication, and few have been done to control the regulation of DNA extension. In this study, we adopted a new strategy for azODNs to regulate DNA extension, which is based on azobenzene oligonucleotide chimeras regulated by substrate binding affinity, and the conformation of the chimera can be regulated by a light source with a light wavelength of 365 nm. The results showed that the primer was extended with Taq DNA polymerase after visible light treatment, and DNA extension could be effectively hindered with UV light treatment. We also verify the reversibility of the photoregulation of primer extension through photoswitching of dumbbell asODNs by alternate irradiation with UV and visible light. Our method has the advantages of fast and simple, green response and reversible operations, providing a new strategy for regulating gene replication.

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Rowsell, Joanna, Renata da Silva Camargo, William B. Langdon, Maria A. Stalteri, and Andrew P. Harrison. "Uncovering the expression patterns of chimeric transcripts using surveys of Affymetrix GeneChips." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2010): 300–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2010-137.

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Summary Background: A chimeric transcript is a single RNA sequence which results from the transcription of two adjacent genes. Recent studies estimate that at least 4% of tandem human gene pairs may form chimeric transcripts. Affymetrix GeneChip data are used to study the expression patterns of tens of thousands of genes and the probe sequences used in these microarrays can potentially map to exotic RNA sequences such as chimeras.Results: We have studied human chimeras and investigated their expression patterns using large surveys of Affymetrix microarray data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We show that for six probe sets, a unique probe mapping to a transcript produced by one of the adjacent genes can be used to identify the expression patterns of readthrough transcripts. Furthermore, unique probes mapping to an intergenic exon present only in the MASK-BP3 chimera can be used directly to study the expression levels of this transcript.Conclusions: We have attempted to implement a new method for identifying tandem chimerism. In this analysis unambiguous probes are needed to measure run-off transcription and probes that map to intergenic exons are particularly valuable for identifying the expression of chimeras.

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Sun, Xiuping, Hieng Chiong Tie, Bing Chen, and Lei Lu. "Glycans function as a Golgi export signal to promote the constitutive exocytic trafficking." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 43 (August 21, 2020): 14750–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014476.

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Most proteins in the secretory pathway are glycosylated. However, the role of glycans in membrane trafficking is still unclear. Here, we discovered that transmembrane secretory cargos, such as interleukin 2 receptor α subunit or Tac, transferrin receptor, and cluster of differentiation 8a, unexpectedly displayed substantial Golgi localization when their O-glycosylation was compromised. By quantitatively measuring their Golgi residence times, we found that the observed Golgi localization of O-glycan–deficient cargos is due to their slow Golgi export. Using a superresolution microscopy method that we previously developed, we revealed that O-glycan–deficient Tac chimeras localize at the interior of the trans-Golgi cisternae. O-Glycans were observed to be both necessary and sufficient for the efficient Golgi export of Tac chimeras. By sequentially introducing O-glycosylation sites to ST6GAL1, we demonstrated that O-glycan's effect on Golgi export is probably additive. Finally, the finding that N-glycosylated GFP substantially reduces the Golgi residence time of a Tac chimera suggests that N-glycans might have a similar effect. Therefore, both O- and N-glycans might function as a generic Golgi export signal at the trans-Golgi to promote the constitutive exocytic trafficking.

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Zhang, Xing. "Computation of viscous incompressible flow using pressure correction method on unstructured Chimera grid." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 20, no. 9 (October 2006): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10618560601140094.

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Kang, SeonWook, Kyehyun Ahn, and Seungsoo Lee. "Validation of Chimera Grid Method Applied to UMSAPv With Prediction of Carriage Load." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 50, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2022.50.10.669.

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Noguchi, T., Y. Hirata, and N. Yagishita. "Intervarietal and interspecific chimera formation by in vitro graft-culture method in Brassica." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 83-83, no. 6-7 (April 1992): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00226691.

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Ozawa, H., T. Iwaguchi, and T. Kataoka. "Essential requirement of I-A region-identical host bone marrow or bone marrow-derived cells for tumor neutralization by primed L3T4+ T cells." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 11 (December 1, 1987): 3896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.11.3896.

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Abstract The antitumor activity of Meth A-hyperimmunized BALB/c mouse spleen cells (Meth A-Im-SPL) was assayed by the Winn test in H-2 incompatible bone marrow chimeras in closed colony CD-1 (nu/nu), inbred DDD/1(nu/nu) (H-2s), or inbred BALB/c(nu/nu) (H-2d) mice as recipients. We found that Meth A-Im-SPL suppressed Meth A growth in the chimera nude mice which were reconstituted with bone marrow cells of the H-2d haplotype (i.e., BALB/c, DBA/2 and B10.D2), but not in the chimeras which were reconstituted with bone marrow cells of the H-2a, H-2b, or H-2k haplotype (i.e., B10.A, B10, and B10.BR). These results suggested that H-2 restriction occurred between Meth A-Im-SPL and bone marrow or bone marrow-derived cells in tumor neutralization. Furthermore, Meth A-Im-SPL did not suppress Meth 1 tumors (antigenically distinct from Meth A tumors) in the presence or absence of mitomycin C-treated Meth A in a Winn assay. These results suggested that there is tumor specificity in the "effector phase" as well as in the "induction phase". The phenotype of the effectors in the Meth A-Im-SPL was Thy-1.2+ and L3T4+, because Meth A-Im-SPL lost their antitumor activity with pretreatment with anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and complement or anti-L3T4 mAb and complement, but not with anti-Lyt-2.2 mAb and complement or complement alone. Positively purified L3T4+ T cells from Meth A-Im-SPL (Meth A-Im-L3T4), obtained by the panning method, suppressed the tumor growth in the chimera nude mice which were reconstituted with bone marrow cells of B10.KEA2 mice (that were I-A region-identical with Meth A-Im-L3T4 cells but not others in H-2) as well as B10.D2 cells (that were fully identical with Meth A-Im-L3T4 cells in H-2). We conclude that Meth A-Im-SPL (L3T4+) neutralized the tumors in collaboration with I-A region-identical host bone marrow or bone marrow-derived cells, and the neutralization was not accompanied by the "bystander effect."

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Mohammad, Ahmad Saeed, Dhafer Zaghar, and Walaa Khalaf. "Maximizing Image Information Using Multi-Chimera Transform Applied on Face Biometric Modality." Information 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030115.

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With the development of mobile technology, the usage of media data has increased dramatically. Therefore, data reduction represents a research field to maintain valuable information. In this paper, a new scheme called Multi Chimera Transform (MCT) based on data reduction with high information preservation, which aims to improve the reconstructed data by producing three parameters from each 16×16 block of data, is proposed. MCT is a 2D transform that depends on constructing a codebook of 256 picked blocks from some selected images which have a low similarity. The proposed transformation was applied on solid and soft biometric modalities of AR database, giving high information preservation with small resulted file size. The proposed method produced outstanding performance compared with KLT and WT in terms of SSIM and PSNR. The highest SSIM was 0.87 for the proposed scheme MCT of the full image of AR database, while the existed method KLT and WT had 0.81 and 0.68, respectively. In addition, the highest PSNR was 27.23 dB for the proposed scheme on warp facial image of AR database, while the existed methods KLT and WT had 24.70 dB and 21.79 dB, respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chimera method'

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