Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chimie clinique'
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Missenard, Charles. "Intérêt de la zinc - protoporphyrine (ZnPP) : en chimie clinique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10396.
Full textNavarro, Laurent. "Applications de la chimie bio-orthogonale au radiomarquage de vecteurs immunologiques à l’iode et à l’astate pour l’oncologie nucléaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4103.
Full textHeavy radiohalogens are increasingly studied in the field of nuclear medicine, whether for imaging (iodine radioisotopes) or for targeted radiotherapy with astatine-211. However, current methods for coupling these radionuclides to immunological vectors lead to low yields and random binding sites that can slow down transfer to clinical applications. In order to overcome these limitations, new radiolabeling approaches based on bioorthogonal chemistry have been studied to improve the coupling process of these radioisotopes. The first part of this thesis details the comparative study between different bioorthogonal systems in order to identify the most suitable for antibodies labeling with heavy halogens. In that aim, a set of precursors with clickable functions were designed and radiolabeled with I-125 and At-211.Conjugation kinetics were studied on model peptides bearing clickable functions complementary to those present on the radiolabeled precursors. The second part concerns the development of new immunological vectors with single radiolabeling site using bioorthogonal chemistry. A trifunctional linker with a clickable radiolabeling function has been developed allowing two proteins to be coupled, resulting in a new vector with a controlled radiolabeling site. The results obtained offer new perspectives in the development of radiolabeled vectors in nuclear oncology
Cambus, Jean-Pierre. "Le concept de station de travail appliqué au laboratoire de biologie médicale." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30088.
Full textVialaret, Jerome. "Développement et validation de méthodes de protéomique innovantes pour des applications de biochimie clinique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT038.
Full textIn recent years, mass spectrometry has been considered in the analytical chemistry field as the reference method. "Proteomics", a concept that emerged in the 2000s, consists in the identification and/or quantification of peptides and proteins in different type of samples (cells, tissues, or biological samples), in various conditions. A more specific field of this concept, the "clinical proteomics" specifically concerns the study of proteome for the research on one hand, diagnostic markers, prognostic and therapeutic follow-up of human pathologies and, on the other hand, of pathophysiological actors that can serve as a therapeutic target.Currently, the technology of choice used for the analysis of proteins in clinical biochemistry is the ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) which has major drawbacks: not a multiplex analysis, high variability, no standardization, and the inability to distinguish proteoforms of one protein. The targeted proteomics by Liquid Chromatography/Multiple Reaction Monitoring (LC-MRM) allows to surpass these disadvantages because is highly multiplexable (> 200 proteins/analysis), robust, compatible to the use of protein/peptide standards, and is able to distinguish a wide variety of post translational modifications.In this thesis project, evaluation and validation of the targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) will be perform for the quantification of proteins with clinical interest. In this context, we will present three clinical proteomics developments: apolipoprotein E phenotyping, considered as the best risk factor for Alzheimer's disease; Monoclonal therapeutic antibody (Bevacizumab) quantification in patient serum; and absolute quantification of hepcidin-25 in the context of diseases related to iron metabolism
Fernandez, Jérôme. "L'exercice libéral de la biologie médicale : aspects législatifs et réglementaires." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11109.
Full textElouarzaki, Kamal. "Développement de dispositifs moléculaires fonctionnalisés par un sidérophore pour la reconnaissance moléculaire spécifique en diagnostic clinique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599305.
Full textDong, Jihu. "Physiopathologie de cellules souches cancéreuses isolées de glioblastomes primitifs et évaluation pré-clinique de molécules "tête de série" par une approche de biologie et de chimie médicinale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ036/document.
Full textGlioblastomas are the most malignant primary brain tumors. The identification of glioblastoma stemcells (GSCs) has transformed our comprehension of those tumors by revealing a hierarchical organization. GSCs can self-renew, differentiate and enter into a quiescent state. They are considered as cells which fuel and as the main culprits of tumor relapse. The discovery of GSCs triggered a change in paradigm for cancer therapy. Indeed to gain in efficacy, therapies need to target, not only the cells forming the bulk of the tumor, but also GSCs particularly resistant and endowed with a high tumorigenic potential. Chemical screening of the Prestwick chemical library in our laboratory, unveiled bisacodyl with a specific activity on quiescent GSCs.This thesis presents work on the characterization of GSCs, study of the mode of action of bisacodyl on GSCs, as well as a preclinical evaluation of bisacodyl on a 3D model in vitro and animal models in vivo
Martins, Ferreira Liliane. "Etude des paramètres physico-chimiques impliqués dans les séparations énantiosélectives de xénobiotiques chiraux : applications en toxicologie clinique et médico-légale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10056/document.
Full textThe amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and methadone (MTD) are chiral drugs of abuse, whose enantiomers present different pharmacological properties. Thus, the determination of the R/S ratios of these analytes could be helpful for the interpretation of toxicological results in clinical and forensic cases. The enantiomers of ATS extracted from the hair matrix have been quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a new chiral derivatization agent, (2S,4R)-N-heptafluorobutyryl-(4-heptafluorobutoyloxy)-prolyl chloride. The method showed excellent limits of detection compared to former studies. This study permitted us to determine the enantiomeric ratios of the ATS in hair. The results pointed out that the incorporation mechanism of ATS into hair matrix seems not to be enantioselective. Furthermore, the R/S ratios remained relatively stable along hair shafts. The enantioselective quantification of methadone and its primary metabolite EDDP in oral fluid was studied using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Separations were obtained using highly sulphated ?-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. A predominance of (R)-MTD and (S)-EDDP were observed in oral fluid. Finally, computational simulations showed that molecular modelling is an additional tool for the prevision of the migration order of enantiomers such as ATS, MTD or EDDP separated by CE using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors
Revol-Tissot, Johan. "Conception et synthèse d'outils chimiques fluorescents pour le diagnostic de la résistance par efflux des bactéries à Gram-négatif afin d'améliorer l'efficacité des traitements antibiotiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0142.
Full textAntibiotic treatment is a public health problem that has intensified since the development of resistance is faster than that of new antimicrobials, becoming one of the most pressing concerns for public health and food safety. Efflux overexpression is one of the major early triggers for the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Efflux in Gram-negative bacteria gives rise to natural and acquired resistance by altering the structure or synthesis of RND (Resistance Nodulation cell Division) transporters inducing a high efflux level which thus becomes the first line of bacterial defense allowing the pathogen to simultaneously employ other strategies to survive. This trend highlights the need to develop technologies and deploy diagnosis devices that provide meaningful, rapid, and minimally invasive antibiotic susceptibility tests based on the results of which the therapeutic decision will be influenced. One relevant approach is to search for novel high fluorescent signaling compounds as probes that respond to the expression of clinical resistance by efflux. From a selected natural products library and thanks to the spectrofluorimetric accumulation method developed in our laboratory, we were able to identify interesting pharmacophores and to synthesize new derivatives for their susceptibility to the AcrAB-TolC pump which is very common in enterobacteria of interest of ESKAPE group. We also demonstrated that they were not porin dependent for their influx and that a result could be obtained in less than 5 minutes, making them an interesting candidate for recurrent clinical use. This tool could limit impact of specific mechanisms
Balderrama, Martínez Sotomayor Raúl. "Développement de ligands de cuivre pour des applications thérapeutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0449.
Full textCopper is a versatile redox active endogenous metal that is present in many proteins and enzymes critical for life and plays important roles in different biological processes. However, its redox activity also renders Cu potentially toxic because it can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This double-edged sword behavior has interested researchers for long time and its harnessing is crucial to develop Cu complexes with unique biological, catalytic, diagnostic and therapeutic properties. In this Ph.D. thesis different ligands for Cu coordination have been designed and explored in two different contexts: cancer and Alzheimer disease (AD). The first part of this thesis is devoted to providing more insights into the cytotoxic effects produced by the Cu(II) complexes (C1, C2) of two ligands (L1, L2). Although the complexes showed weak interactions with DNA, in vitro studies performed in normal (IMR-90, HUVEC) and cancer cell lines (A2780, MCF-7) indicated that C1 and C2 internalize the cells and promote the production of ROS. While cytotoxic effects were not detected in MCF-7 cells, they were higher in A2780 than in normal cells. L1 and L2 were further modified to improve cytotoxicity. The second part of the thesis evaluates the Cu chelating abilities of L1 and L2 as potential therapeutic agents for AD. Data showed that L1 can arrest efficiently the generation of ROS catalyzed by Cu in presence and absence of Aβ peptide and zinc. Evidence suggests that the ratio L1:Cu plays an important role in the effectiveness of L1 to stop ROS production. L1 was successfully modified without altering its Cu chelating properties to provide blood-brain-barrier permeability
Vernier, Arnaud. "Développement instrumental en spectrométrie de masse pour le diagnostic in vitro en microbiologie clinique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986856.
Full textMichel, Marion. "Conception, synthèse et validation de molécules hétérocycliques fluorées ciblant IDO et/ou TDO pour le traitement de la neuroinflammation et son diagnostic par imagerie 18F-TEP." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1051.
Full textThe ageing of the global population has led to an increase in the number of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, with the concomitant lack of curative treatments. Consequently, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve care for these patients has become a major research challenge.Many of these diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lou Gehrig's disease, follow the same pathophysiological process known as neuroinflammation. This mechanism of cerebral immunity, which emerges at the earliest stages of the disease, has recently become the focus of scientific interest. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzymes, involved in the catabolism of tryptophan, have been identified as being over-expressed in the context of neuroinflammation and appear to play a key role in it.Positron emission tomography (PET) is a precision imaging-technique giving access to the functional study of organs such as the brain. This non-invasive technique can thus be used for the diagnosis, monitoring and quantification of CNS diseases by the administration of specific radiotracers targeting this area.In order to design powerful fluorinated radioligands specific to the IDO and TDO enzymes, we began this research project by transposing IDO ligands form the literature into new 18F-labelled radioligands. We then developed original chemical series with a [6-5] or [6-5-5] scaffold to obtain mixed or selective TDO ligands. Finally, the exploration of the chemical space in the heterocyclic domain led us to the novel design of fluorinated TDO-selective ligands with a high potential for development
Mwande-Maguene, Gabin. "Conception, synthèse et activité antiplasmodiale de nouveaux composés ferrocéniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10055/document.
Full textPharmacomodulation of biologically active drugs by the introduction of an organometallic entity such as ferrocene constitutes a very interesting alternative to compensate the problematic increase of antimalarial drug resistances. This PhD work is focused on the design, the synthesis and the study of antiplasmodial activity of new ferrocenyl compounds. For this purpose, four families of drugs containing a ferrocenyl entity were synthesized and studied for the first time. Thus, several aminohydroxynaphthoquinones (Atovaquone analog), quinolinyl- and acridinylhydrazones, 4-aminoquinolines (Chloroquine analog) and benzodiazepines (Flurazepam analog) were designed and obtained in good conditions. The ferrocenyl derivatives were evaluated for their antimalarial activity in vitro upon Plasmodium falciparum strains and gabonese clinical isolates. Some of these synthesized compounds have displayed very promising results, in particular for the ferrocenyl 4-aminoquinolines derivatives. The cytotoxic activity and the selectivity index of these compounds have indicated some of them as promising candidates for further development
Aït, Amiri Sabrina. "Identification, caractérisation et évaluations biologiques de nouveaux inhibiteurs synthétiques des kallicréines du système nerveux central à visée thérapeutique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS064.
Full textKLK6 and KLK8 are serine proteases (SP) essential for central nervous system homeostasis and whose activities are deregulated in multiple sclerosis (MS). The development of inhibitors of KLK6 and KLK8 constitutes a promising therapeutic avenue and the objective of this thesis work. The exploration of chemical libraries grouping together 115 molecules in total allowed me to identify new chemical skeletons and hit compounds for the inhibition of these two proteases. These inhibitors have been the subject of in-depth mechanistic studies and structure-activity relationship studies by molecular modeling to clarify the structural bases of the inhibition. The evaluation of the selectivity profile of the best inhibitors was carried out on a large panel of competing SP in the CNS. The best inhibitors have been evaluated in cell models to consider further study in animal models of MS. These also made it possible to identify for the first time effective synthetic inhibitors of low molecular weight of KLK6, which promote the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and which open the way to new strategies of regenerative medicine. These inhibitors also target the proximal KLK6 proteolytic network in MS (KLK1, plasmin) and exhibit a pharmacological profile compatible with further studies in vivo. Also, this work made it possible to identify the first synthetic inhibitors of KLK8, which constitute an interesting and original basis by their mechanism of action for their optimization and their evaluations on biological models
Kalach, Nicolas. "Mise au point et validation des méthodes non invasives biologiques impliquées dans le diagnostic des infections gastriques à Helicobacter Pylori chez l'enfant." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIED001.
Full textThe purpose of our study was to access the validity of the serodiagnosis ELISA type IgG and the urea breath test 13C(13C-UBT), in non invasive diagnosis and follow up of Helicobacter pylori infection (H pylori) in children. The results of a serological test (Cobas Core Roche, IgG, 2nd Generation) were compared with those of endoscopical gastric biopsies analysed by bacteriological culture and histology (reference method). This test seems to be sensitive and benefic, but a negative result does not exclude the diagnosis, especially in children under 10 years. On the other hand, this test exhibited a very poor sensitivity in the follow up of infection. Thus, endoscopical gastric biopsies for culture and histology remains the reference methode for the determination of acute H pylori infection in children. H pylori was searched for in children by bacteriological counts and culture on antral biopsies and by 13C-UBT. 13C-UBT is sensitive and specific in children ; it is correlated with biopsy bacteriological counts, suggesting the use of this test in the follow up of infection. The use of a two samples collected at T0 and T40 is also sensitive and specific and T40 seems to be the best discriminating time. The use of a single sample collected at T40 appears sufficient to define the H pylori status in children
Stauber, Jonathan. "Imagerie MALDI : nouveaux développements et applications cliniques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-379.pdf.
Full textThe recent innovations in molecular biology were realized with the evolution of the imaging techniques in the field of Genomics, Transcriptomics, and recently in Proteomics with an essential tool, the mass spectrometry. This imaging technique create characteristic protein profiles of the cellular states, and appears today as an undissociable tool for research in biology and medicine. The last developments look to emerge the mass spectrometry to a molecular imaging to identify pathologies, to observe the drugs distributions in tissues, or the diseases diagnosis or prognosis. This unique and recent technology should be developed, improved, and standardized. It's in this point of view the my PhD training named MALDI imaging new developments and clinical applications was defined. The different results obtained during my PhD were permits to create a concept of Specific Imaging Mass Spectrometry, to develop Molecular MALDI imaging of frozen and FFPE tissues with many applications in the research of specific biomarkers in Parkinson disease and ovarian cancer. The evolution of this unique molecular imaging technique should be in the next years a complementary method of others in vivo imaging technique
Michels, Judith. "Les Inhibiteurs de PARP dans le Traitement des Cancers Chimio-Résistants. Etude pré-clinique sur la Dépendance à PARP." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063796.
Full textMichels, Judith. "Les inhibiteurs de PARP dans le traitement des cancers chimio-résistants : étude pré-clinique sur la dépendance à PARP." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T049/document.
Full textIntroduction Driven by the facts that non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide and that NSCLC patients often develop resistance against Cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapies, we addressed the question of the combination therapy of CDDP with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors. Inhibitors of PARP have raised great expectations for the treatment of a variety of cancers, either as monotherapeutic agent against DNA repair-deficient tumours or combined to DNA-damaging compounds.Material and methods We generated nine CDDP-resistant clones by prolonged exposure to low dose CDDP of the A549 NSCLC parental cell line. Two distinct PARP inhibitors, CEP8983 (CEP) and PJ34 (PJ) as well as PARP1 knockdown with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used for PARP inhibition. Apoptosis was measured by the simultaneous assessment for the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (m) and the breakdown of the plasma membrane using the m-sensitive fluorochrome DiOC6(3) and the vital dye propidium iodide, respectively. Moreover clonogenic survival was assessed. In vitro assessments of the enzymatic activity of cells were based on the reduction of the colorless tetrazolium salt. Immunofluorescence microscopy determinations were performed with antibodies specific for DNA damage (γH2AX), intrinsic apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3 and cytochrome c), and homologous recombination (RAD51 and BRCA1). Immunoblotting was assed for PARP1 expression and activity (PAR) and base excision repair (BER) effectors (XRCC1 and polymerase β). We developed an immunohistochemical staining method that specifically detects PAR on paraffin-embedded cell pellets and tissue sections.Results We found that PARP inhibitors and PARP1 siRNAs synergized with CDDP in the killing of NSCLC cells in vitro. Unexpectedly, CDDP-resistant NSCLC cell clones developed addiction to PARP hyperactivation, thereby becoming susceptible to apoptosis induction by PARP inhibition. We showed that these cisplatin-resistant clones, exhibited high PARP protein levels and increased PARP activity, leading to an increased poly-ADP ribosylation of cellular proteins, as compared to their parental, cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. These cisplatin-resistant cells become susceptible to cell death as induced by PARP inhibition, correlating with the hyperactivity of PARP (elevated PAR levels) more accuratly than with the overexpression of PARP. Suggesting that PAR levels may constitute a more accurate biomarker than PARP to predict the sensitivity of cells to PARP inhibition. We expanded the observation that cisplatin resistance causes PARP upregulation and hyperactivation and subsequent sensitization to PARP inhibition to additional five human cancer cell lines including two NSCLC (H1650 and H460), one mesothelioma (P31), one ovarian (TOV112D) and one cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line. To get further insight into this issue, we generated in vivo experiments. Tumors derived from CDDP-resistant cells were characterized by elevated levels of PAR suggesting that PAR levels are preserved during tumor formation. Those PAR-overexpressing tumors responded to the administration of PJ in vivo with a consistent reduction in PAR immunoreactivity. CDDP resistant clones that are specifically killed by PARP inhibitors assessed efficient homologous recombination repair however deficient BER elongation.Conclusion We showed a beneficial effect for the association therapy of PARP inhibitors with CDDP in several NSCLC cell lines. We have identified an addiction to PARP in CDDP resistant cell lines with deficient BER elongation. We postulate that PAR is a specific predictive biomarker for the response to PARP inhibitors
Oyallon, Bruno. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation de quinoxalines et d'analogues comme inhibiteurs de la kinase HsPim-1." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3803.
Full textPim (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinases play a crucial role in cell survival, proliferation and cell differentiation as well as in apoptosis and chemoresistance. They act as oncogenic survival factors. Due to their structural features and their role in oncogenesis, Pim kinases are relevant targets for new anti-cancer therapies.Preliminary studies permitted to identify quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid 1 as a new lead compound. This compound was able to inhibit Pim-1 in vitro activity (IC50 = 74 nM). In silico studies have shown that this compound could act as a non-mimetic ATP inhibitor. Our objective was to design and synthesize analogues of compound 1 with an optimised activity on Pim-1. These compounds were tested on a panel of mammalian kinases and on 3 leukemic cell lines
Richard, Damien. "Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate : analyse par CPG/SM dans différentes matrices biologiques et interprétation pharmaco-toxicologiques d'études pré-cliniques et cliniques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF1MM01.
Full textThis work presents development and validation of an original chromatography method of the GHB and its precursors (GABA, 1. 4 BD and GBL) in various biological matrices, by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. A study of stability of the blood samples shows variations of in vivo and in vitro concentrations of endogenous GHB. Then, a clinical protocol seeks the incorporation of the GHB in hair matrix after therapeutic administration of γOH®, to estimate the capacity of this biological matrix to detect an exogenous administration of GHB in particular during a chemical submission (such as drug sexual assault). Finally, an experimental protocol, made at the same time on human and animal samples, allows quantifying the GHB and its precursors and presents the various kinetics of post-mortem increase, to establish a correlation between concentrations and the post-mortem interval (PMI). This work shows at first that only conservation of biological samples in -20°C allows guaranteeing the validity of the biological results. In spite of an administration of important doses of γOH®, no variation of concentrations of GHB was able to be observed on the different segmental analyses of hair. Finally, a synthesis post-mortem of the GHB allows correlating the concentrations to the PMI but she cannot be still considered as a reliable biochemical marker in forensic science
Mazoyer-Vailhen, Véronique. "Anexate*, des Benzodiazépines au Flumazenil (Anexate*) : synthèses et utilisation clinique d'un antagoniste." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P184.
Full textMarcovschi, Champain Sabina. "Correlations entre les paramètres biomecaniques du rachis et les indices cliniques pour l’analyse quantitative des pathologies du rachis lombaire et de leur traitement chirurgical." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004960.
Full textAbstract : Our century is marked by an important and increasing incidence of degenerative spine diseases (causing invalidating low back pain) and of their surgical treatments that, in spite of a true explosion of dedicated methods and implants, do not always succeed to relief symptoms and to allow a normal personal and professional life for the patient. The purpose of this PhD project, in partnership between the Laboratory of Biomechanics, the ANRT, Eurosurgical/Spinenetwork (industry) and six clinical centers, was the analysis of correlations between spine biomechanical parameters, clinical and functional outcome of the surgical treatment and patient’s quality of life, in order to better understand the biomechanical reasons of the success or failure in lumbar spine surgery and to identify the eventual key factors. After a detailed literature analysis tracing the state-of-art, we realised a multicentric data collection (mainly retrospective) and implemented a method of quantitative analysis, based on a software allowing the calculation of biomechanical parameters from radiological exams (that we first validated). This allowed, for 319 selected patient’s files, a clinical and biomechanical «in extenso” analysis connecting clinical outcome and patient’s configuration during his follow-up and highlighting the factors having an impact on the outcome (and the biomechanical parameters allowing to describe them). Thus, some vertebral parameters were related to early detection of complications (adjacent segments disease, subsidence, loss of correction) and satisfactory clinical outcomes were associated to some values of spinal and pelvic parameters, describing normal spine geometry and balance. Moreover, quantitative biomechanical analysis based on X-rays films allowed to verify the obtained correction and its stability during time, the normality of patient’s configuration, associated to an “economical” balance, as well as the kinematics of the treated and adjacent segments. These elements may complete clinical exam and give additional information (to the surgeon) concerning the prognostic of a chosen treatment (i. E. Good or marked by a risk of recidive or complication), modifying and supporting patient’s specific/ individual care
Rodriguez, Peña Pilar. "Le caractère contractuel de la responsabilité civile médicale : étude comparée droit chilien - francais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020022.
Full textThe contractual nature of the medical liability had no the same interest in chilean law that french law. However, the increasing privatization of health and the phenomenon of contracting activity for Chilean takes us a deal to make a further study to determinate the contours from the French law. The main problem was that the applicants have escaped the contractual liability and mainly because of the problem of overlapping responsibilities. This problem present in chilean law can be resolved through a thorough study of the medical contract, the conditions of its existence and validity of its main characteristics and different theories have attempted to explain its legal nature and it provide a legal regime that atypical contracts. On the other hand we have to deal with all cases where the initial medical relationship does not source the medical contract, although it has been considered anyway by courts and commentators as having a contractual, and why try to analyze the different theories that have had the purpose of contractualize responsibility for private and public hospitals,, by the fact of their employees, to avoid the responsibility of these centers become effective in accordance with standards of tort
Antunes, Laurent. "La greffe orthotopique de biopsies de gliomes malins humains chez la souris nude : un modèle pré-clinique général de recherches en neuro-oncologie." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0329_ANTUNES.pdf.
Full textOgunleke, Abiodun. "Imagerie chimique 3D de tumeurs du cerveau." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0040/document.
Full textThree-dimensional (3D) histology is a new advanced tool for cancerology. The whole chemical profile and physiological characteristics of a tissue is essential to understand the rationale of pathology development. However, there is no analytical technique, in vivo or histological, that is able to discover such abnormal features and provide a 3D distribution at microscopic resolution.Here, we introduce a unique high- throughput infrared (IR) microscopy method that combines automated image correction and subsequent spectral data analysis for 3D-IR image reconstruction. I performed spectral analysis of a complete organ for a small animal model, a mouse brain with animplanted glioma tumor. The 3D-IR image is reconstructed from 370 consecutive tissue sectionsand corrected using the X-ray tomogram of the organ for an accurate quantitative analysis of thechemical content. A 3D matrix of 89 x 106 IR spectra is generated, allowing us to separate the tumor mass from healthy brain tissues based on various anatomical, chemical, and metabolic parameters. I demonstrate for the first time that quantitative metabolic parameters (glucose, glycogen and lactate) can be extracted and reconstructed in 3D from the IR spectra for the characterization of the brain vs. tumor metabolism (assessing the Warburg effect in tumors). Our method can be further exploited by searching for the whole spectral profile, discriminating different anatomical landmarks in the brain. I demonstrate this by the reconstruction of the corpus callosum and basal ganglia region of the brain
Ameline, Alice. "Aspects analytiques, cliniques et médico-judiciaires des nouvelles substances psychoactives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ018/document.
Full textDue to the uncontrolled spread on the Internet and their legal alternative to usual drugs, the new psychoactive substances (NPS), recently appeared (2008), are at the center of recent phenomena of addiction and badly explained deaths. Beyond different challenges in our societies (prevention, legislation), the ability to identify NPS in biological samples, in order to characterize their use, presents many analytical challenges. The main objective of this thesis was to collect biological samples (blood, urine, hair) from cases of exposure to NPS and to characterize the substances present using original analytical methods, in order to enlarge the libraries of mass spectra and improve, as a result, the detection of NPS consumption. In particular, it was intended to increase the detection sensitivity of NPS intake by focusing on the metabolites that are often the major products of elimination. This analytical development, by ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), required several months of optimization in order to obtain a robust, exhaustive and sensitive method. At present, the mass spectra database has 114 NPS and is regularly updated. Thereafter, ma thesis focused on the study of cases of intoxication observed in the emergency department of Strasbourg, but also in legal medicine with situations of deaths and identification of unknown products collected from seizures (powders and crystals). It has also been necessary to implement complementary analytical tools, such as the characterization of metabolites by human liver microsomes (HLMs), and the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to accurately identify the compounds and establish their purity degrees. The analytical tools developed, and the strategy adopted, allowed the writing of 18 publications, as well as the setting up of numerous collaborations
Balthazard, Rémy. "La porosité des résines composites utilisées en odontologie : étude de son origine et évaluation de son influence sur différentes propriétés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0209/document.
Full textFor the past 60 years, dental resin composites have been constantly evolving, becoming increasingly functional and aesthetic materials. However, obtaining the ideal dental restorative material, with optimum mechanical and physicochemical properties, is still a significant challenge today. The nature and proportion of the monomers, the type, size and content of fillers, the quality of the bonds between the fillers and the matrix and the presence of porosities inside materials all emerge as aspects that can influence these properties. To improve our understanding of the impact of these various factors, a number of studies have been undertaken using three commercially-available resin composites with different viscosities: one high-viscosity resin (Filtek P60 – 3M ESPE), one moderate-viscosity resin (Grandio – Voco) and one low-viscosity resin (Filtek Supreme XTE – 3M ESPE). The influence of clinical handling of materials on the rate and volume of porosities has been evaluated by 3D X-ray computed tomography. Handling increases the porosity percentage and reduces the average porosity volume. Furthermore, the more flowable the material is, the more porosities it has within it. Two groups of samples were prepared in order to evaluate the influence of porosity on the mechanical and physicochemical behavior of materials: one group of samples consisted of materials simply extruded from syringes, while additional porosities were added artificially in the other samples. The polymerization stress was determined using a tensile testing machine, the absorption/solubility was measured in accordance with ISO 4049, the true tensile mechanical behavior was assessed using the VidéoTractionTM system, and the apparent compressive and flexural behaviors were studied using a compression test machine and a 3-point flexural test machine, respectively. The various organic and mineral components appear to be key elements in the physicochemical and mechanical behavior of materials. The initial porosity is also a predominant factor in terms of explaining this behavior. However, its influence is not proportional to its rate, since the addition of artificial porosities does not significantly affect the results
Echcherki, Thami. "Mise au point d'électrodes a membranes polymères contenant des ionophores sélectifs aux ions K, Na et Li pour le dosage de ces cations dans les milieux biologiques (analyses cliniques), et la détermination des énergies libres de transfert de l'eau dans les mélanges de solvants hydro-organiques." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10151.
Full textAubé, Alexandra. "Développement de chimie de surface pour la réduction de l’adsorption non-spécifique de lysat cellulaire et application clinique de biocapteurs SPR." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19788.
Full textThis thesis describes the development of clinical biosensors. These biosensors were developed with the aim of improving diagnostic and treatment monitoring methods. Actual monitoring methods often rely on histological analysis performed by experts. This complicates the transmission of the information to the patient and delays the onset of an appropriate treatment. It is envisioned to develop simple experiments at low cost, which will allow untrained personnel to perform the testing on-site with biosensing technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In order to perform SPR in clinical analysis, appropriate surface chemistry must be developed to prevent nonspecific adsorption. Nonspecific adsorption is the fouling of surfaces with biomolecules contained in the sample matrix such as proteins or lipids of biofluids. This leads to false positive signals preventing the correct measurement of the analyte concentration. Peptide and ionic liquid monolayers have been studied in this thesis to prevent nonspecific adsorption of undiluted cell lysate. The most efficient peptide was the 3 MPA (His)2(Leu)2(Phe)2 OH peptide, a 6 amino acids hydrophobic and positively charged peptide. The nonspecific adsorption of cell lysate was reduced to 159 ± 27 ng/cm2, compared to 929 ± 186 ng/cm2 on a bare gold surface. Also, mass spectrometry was performed to better understand the cell lysate nonspecific adsorption phenomenon. This study showed lipids were mostly adsorbed on the sensor when exposed to cell lysate. Despite a significant reduction of nonspecific adsorption with peptides, it remained unoptimal and should be improved. The newly developed hydrophobic and charged ionic liquids nearly eliminated the nonspecific adsorption of undiluted cell lysate, with only 2 ± 2 ng/cm2 of nonspecific material adsorbed on the surface. Then, a biosensor of an aggressive breast cancer biomarker, HER2, was developed. This proved that the ionic liquids could be used in the development of clinical biosensors. Finally, the challenges of the analysis of clinical samples with SPR sensing were explored with the development of an anti-asparaginase biosensor for leukemic patients. Asparaginase is a chemotherapeutic drug administered to patients in combination with various other drugs to treat leukemia. However, many patients suffer from silent allergic reactions due to the bacterial source of this drug. Therefore, a biosensor was developed to detect the antibodies in undiluted serum produced against the drug, which could ultimately serve to modify the patient’s treatment when necessary. Clinical samples from leukemia patients were studied and the results were in good agreement with ELISA experiments.
Gionfriddo, Emanuela, Roberto Bartolino, Bartolo Gabriele, and Giovanni Sindona. "Solid phase microextraction (SPME) compled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for bioclinical, environmental and food analysis: theoretical studies and applications." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/996.
Full textUniversità della Calabria