Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chimie-Physique'
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Hamieh, Tayssir. "Etude mathématique de quelques équations fondamentales en chimie physique." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0627.
Full textAguilera, Segura Sonia Milena. "Chimie-physique des interactions entre solvants multicomposants et biomasse." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0010.
Full textExtraction of cellulose and lignin from plant biomass remains a major issue for enabling more economic and green production of lignocellulosic renewable fuels and byproducts. Although the use of multicomponent solvents has provided remarkable results in wood fractionation processes most of the currently used methods rely on empirically elaborated protocols. Understanding the physicochemical mechanisms of biomass breakdown and its interactions with solvent medium during fractionation will lead to more efficient use of biomass. This defined the focus in this thesis work on a systematic and detailed description of the interactions between ligoncellulose components with binary water-organic mixtures of ethanol and acetonitrile. Our results and their analysis were obtained predominantly with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and supported by additional studies of quantum chemical (Density Functional Theory) and mixed quantum mechanical (QM) and classical MD scheme (QM/MM). With these tools we first established a non-linear behavior of the mixed solvent structures, thermodynamic properties and dynamic hardness, as a measure for their global reactivity. The analysis of the average numbers of HBs with the liquid composition shows that alcohol molecules tend to substitute water molecules, allowing compensating for the loss of H-bonds in the water solvent domains. The role of organic component in water solvent mixtures on the conformational changes induced in the main wood components (cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose) is highlighted and their dependence on distinct solvent compositions is unveiled for each organic solvent component and its content in water. This dependence is explained by preferential solute-solvent interatomic interactions as a function of solvent compositions. Subsequently, the evolution of interaction forces in lignin-cellulose and lignin-xylan complexes are also found to have solvent-dependent profiles. All this supports the general conclusion about specific solvent actions on lignocellulose compounds being the driving factors in the observed macroscopic non-linear behavior in wood swelling in mixed water-organic solvents
Lei, Lei. "Optofluidique : dispositifs intégrés et applications en physique, chimie, et biologie." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066487.
Full textBelmouaddine, Hakim. "Physique, chimie et biologie de la filamentation d’impulsions laser femtosecondes en solutions aqueuses." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11220.
Full textAbstract : The present study is part in a new framework in radiobiology, introduced a decade ago: femtosecond laser-induced "cold" low density plasmas for the highly localized deposition of energy at sub-cellular scales in systems of biological interest. Since in aqueous solutions the action of such plasmas is equivalent to the deposition of a dose by ionizing radiation, plasma-mediated effects on solutes involve the radiation chemistry of water. This chemistry corresponds to the interaction of solutes with radical oxygen species as well as with secondary low energy electrons, produced by the plasma. Here, to better understand the radiation chemistry underlying the generation of low density plasmas in aqueous environments, we harnessed the multi-filamentation of powerful femtosecond laser pulses as a way to achieve a self-regulated production of spatially homogeneous low density plasma foci in water. The "cold" low density plasma micro-channels generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser pulses in aqueous solutions constitute a source of dense ionization. We studied the femtosecond laser filamentation in inorganic solutions to account for the radiation-assisted chemistry triggered by laser ionization in aqueous environment. We highlighted that the trivial optical control of the spatio-temporal distribution of light filaments in the irradiated sample resulted in the modulation of the corresponding radical chemistry. We concluded that these spatially and temporally resolved plasmas could be developed as a tool for the unprecedented control of chemistry under ionizing radiation. The addition of a spatial light modulator to control the filamentation process improves significantly our control on the spatio-temporal distribution of the laser-induced plasma channels. From a bundle of entangled random low density plasma channels, usually produced by the non-linear propagation of the powerful laser beam, we were able to obtain a programmable matrix of mono-filaments to achieve a more pervasive and homogeneous energy deposition. This method of irradiation allowed us to perform a detailed analysis to determine, quantify and compare the consequences of the laser irradiation with those of a conventional source of ionizing radiation (Gamma-Rays) on organic molecules (e.g. DNA) desolved in aqueous solutions. We showed that each filament behaves as an independent intense micro beam of ionizing radiation, that is capable of inducing complex DNA damage. We believe that a better understanding of the laser-induced plasma-mediated effects in aqueous solutions of biological interest will further the adoption of such laser-based ionisation sources, and that this unorthodox approach to radiation sciences will open new fields of investigation at the frontiers of radiation and laser-driven chemistry. Moreover, one of the principal conclusions of this thesis argues in favour of a shift of paradigm in radiation sciences, shuch that the consequences of ionising radiation would not only be considered for their injurious effects but also for the fine modulation of the functions of systems of biological interest. This sentiment paves the way for new emerging techniques and applications in biomedical fields.
Angelo, Yves d'. "Analyse et simulation numérique de phénomènes liés à la combustion supersonique." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9425.
Full textMakki, Safwat. "De la chimie physique à la thérapeutique, les psoralènes : la polarité moléculaire et ses implications en chimie analytique et en sciences médicales." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2039.
Full textNAKATANI, KEITARO. "Chimie et physique de composes moleculaires bimetalliques : entites binucleaires, chaines ferrimagnetiques et aimants moleculaires." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112197.
Full textChabas-Bues, Christiane. "Histoire du concept de Mole (1869-1969) : à la croisée des disciplines physique et chimie." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100041.
Full textGörs, Britta. "Chemischer Atomismus : Anwendung, Veränderung, Alternativen im deutschsprachigen Raum in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts /." Berlin : ERS Verlag, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39966236d.
Full textBoudin, Laurent. "Modélisation cinétique et hydrodynamique pour la physique, la chimie et la santé, analyse mathématique et numérique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650560.
Full textN'Guiessan, N'Guia Célestin. "Photoréactivité de l'oxyde de benzène, de l'oxépine et de leurs dérivés en matrices cryogéniques : étude par spectrométrie IR-TF." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11309.
Full textBarbieri, Olivier. "Influence des paramètres de synthèse sur la morphologie d'aérogels organiques." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0635.
Full textOrganic Resorcinol-Formaldehyde gels were obtained by polycondensation either in water using a basic catalyst (WB) or in acetone using a basic (AB) or acid catalyst (AA). By performing dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements throughout the gelation process, and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on the aged gels it has been shown that gelation of WB and AB gels involves a nucleation and growth mechanism of colloidal particles. These particles have a smooth surface in water solvent and have a fractal surface dimension in acetone solvent. Gels prepared with an acid catalyst consist of fractal percolation blobs. For the AA set, exchange of acetone by supercritical CO2 induces a deswelling of the polymer in a small scale range leading to the formation of small smooth particles. The mass percent of solid in the solution is the most influential parameter on the aerogel porosity. The structure of the WB gels remains unchanged after drying and the aerogel pores and particle sizes are controlled by the catalyst concentration in solution. After drying, the surface of AB gels particles is found to be smooth, probably as a consequence of deswelling of the external part of these particles during solvent exchange. The particle size is almost the same as the pore size measured by thermoporometry but the structure seems to be independent of the synthesis parameters. Pyrolysis has no effect on the general morphology of organic AA aerogels. The network undergoes slight shrinkage leading to a decrease of pore size. For the WB sample set, the particle size and polydispersity slightly decrease while the mesopore size increases. AB aerogels contract during pyrolysis, which appears as a large increase in mass per unit volume. Finally, all carbon aerogels display a significant microporosity that is partially accessible to the gas used in adsorption measurements
Camou, Jean-Marc. "La photooximation du cyclododécane dans le chloroforme. : Réactivité du trichloronitrosométhane." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3039.
Full textDubillard, Sébastien Saue Trond. "La chimie des éléments lourds une étude par des méthodes de chimie quantique relativiste /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000970.
Full textOuellet, Danielle. "L'émergence de deux disciplines scientifiques à l'Université Laval entre 1920 et 1950 : la chimie et la physique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17648.
Full textSicouri, Gilles. "Modélisation, représentation, génération et description des transformations structurales dans le système DARC : applications aux réactions chimiques." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077084.
Full textBayeul, Lainé Annie-Claude. "Analyse des phénomènes convectifs au sein d'une cavité annulaire horizontale au cours de la fusion d'un matériau." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10020.
Full textLe, Grognec Erwan. "Développements de complexes organométalliques de Mo(III) et leur utilisation en polymérisation." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS062.
Full textHernandez, Garduza Otilio. "Etude des modèles thermodynamiques susceptibles de représenter les mélanges contenant essentiellement des hydrocarbures, de l'eau et des alcools." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11003.
Full textKane, Saliou. "Guidage dans les activités expérimentales de physique et chimie : analyse de contexte du Sénégal et propositions argumentées d'innovations." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112048.
Full textThe research being about the renewal of laboratory work of physics and chemistry at high school level in Senegal, it comprises a context analysis of teaching in this country, in particular concerning the orientations of official instructions as well as students' relationship to knowledge. The existing situation is analysed thanks to written questionnaires and individual interviews proposed to various categories of teachers, and to students. In addition, direct observations have been carried out. The theoretical part builds a framework for the analyses and a conceptual framework for the research. The present didactical concepts allowing to characterise the experimental activities, the notion of " issue ", conceptual/procedural/epistemological objectives, function and didactical modes, are revisited. The direct observations in classrooms having provided which experiments teachers choose, the " issues " and objectives they attribute to experimental activities, as well as the respective roles of teacher/students , it then is possible to establish bases for innovation. Taking into account the context, and also the context of initial teacher training, we developed a whole set of consistent innovative labwork activities. They have been organised, observed and analysed during sessions of " simulation " with student-teachers, then carried out in a real class-room. This has also be put into operation by experimented teachers. This work allows to test the relevance of various concepts of research in science education , through case studies, constructs a tool of teacher training and opens perspectives towards the renewed wording of curricula
Alturkmani, Mohammad Dames. "Genèse des affinités disciplinaire et didactique et genèse documentaire : le cas des professeurs de physique-chimie en France." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1055/document.
Full textIn our thesis, we study the relationships that teachers build with the disciplines that they teach by offering two concepts: disciplinary affinity and didactic affinity.We focus on physics and chemistry, both in terms of the basis and conditions for the emergence of disciplinary and didactic affinities, their effects on teaching, particularly in the context of a new curriculum, documentary work and interactions with colleagues. We have mobilized two theoretical frameworks: the anthropological approach of didactics (Chevallard, 1998) and the documentary approach to didactics (Gueudet & Trouche, 2008). We combined several methodological tools: questionnaries, interviews, classroom observations, and teachers resource systems visits. The last three tools have been applied to a small number of teachers selected with respect to their claimed affinity and their place in the process of teaching resources design (pre-service vs. experienced teachers) targeting the teaching of a specific concept, the spectrum, chosen for its border position (from physics and chemistry operated by spectroscopic methods).The thesis offers theoretical and methodological developments to capture interactions between disciplinary and didactic affinities of teachers and their documentary work. The results evidence the presence of an affinity for one of the two disciplines, and it highlights the strong relationship between genesis of didactic affinity and genesis of teaching resources
Ozon, Florian. "Adsorption de polyampholytes sur des surfaces chargées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13216.
Full textSeyni, Abdoulaye Le Bolay Nadine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usage de matériaux composites à charge dégradable produits par co-broyage." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000841.
Full textPolesel, Jérôme. "Nouvelles approches pour la nano-caractérisation, et la micro- et nano-robotique par sondes locales." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845307.
Full textNaar, Raphaëlle. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique du béton par approche multi-physique (couplage chimie-mécanique) : application à la réaction alcali-silice." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481739.
Full textOUSHOORN, ROBERT. "Chimie et physique de composes moleculaires contenant des ions 4f et 3d : de l'aimant moleculaire a l'agent de contraste." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112407.
Full textLini, Hedi. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la pyrolyse de gouttelettes charbon-eau." Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULH0A08.
Full textJorda, Jérémy. "Étude du procédé d'extraction alcaline et de purification des pectines de pulpe de betterave : étude des propriétés chimiques et physico-chimiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT011G.
Full textPatrikeev, Leonid. "AIMGRID2 : a new electron density topological analysis software for atomic and molecular properties." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES029.
Full textThe decomposition of molecular properties into atomic contributions can shed light on atomic interactions in molecules. Within the Quantum Theory Of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) developed by R. Bader, any properties of atoms, as well as the interactions acting between them, can be characterized in terms of the topology of the electron density. First, a new QTAIM software called AIMGRID2 was developed. The algorithms of AIMGRID2 and its performance are discussed in detail in this work. Then, we focused our attention on the various noninteracting- and correlation- kinetic energy approximations and approaches for computing atomic and molecular values. The corresponding test results for molecules and Bader’s atoms are discussed in this thesis
Chichery, Arnaud. "Analyse des spectres infrarouges haute résolution des formes isotopiques de l'ozone. Application aux études atmosphériques." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS019.
Full textZapata-Massot, Céline. "Synthèse de matériaux composites par co-broyage en voie sèche. Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usages des matériaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7699/1/zapata_massot.pdf.
Full textPamar-Robert, Arlette. "L'Adsorption en phase liquide, moyen d'étude de l'insertion des composés organiques dans la montmorillonite." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT032G.
Full textDiop, Adama. "Détermination expérimentale et numérique de la propagation du front de fusion d'un mélange binaire : géométrie cylindrique avec transferts pariétaux." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA12A028.
Full textFromm, Michel. "Evaluation des potentialités d'un polymère isotrope (CR 39) en tant que détecteur de traces nucléaires pour la dosimétrie neutron et la microcartographie alpha." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESAA006.
Full textZajicek, Tomas. "Adaptation de la spectrométrie d'absorption infrarouge à l'analyse des modifications physicochimiques superficielles de films de polyéthylène téréphtalate sous frottement." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2026.
Full textRozumek, Olivier. "Étude de la mouillabilité d'un matériau cellulosique : le bois : relations mouillabilité - adhésion." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0009.
Full textBoilevin, Jean-Marie. "Conception et analyse du fonctionnement d'un dispositif de formation initiale d'enseignants de physique - chimie utilisant des savoirs issus de la recherche en didactique : un modèle d'activité et des cadres d'analyse des interactions en classe." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX1A001.
Full textNguyen, Duc Hanh Kalck Philippe Urrutigoïty Martine. "Mise en évidence de la voie palladium-hydrure dans les réactions d'alcoxycarbonylation et cyclocarbonylation de monoterpènes extension aux aminesallyliques /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000206.
Full textZamuner, Martina Sojic Neso Ugo Paolo. "Nanosystèmes pour des mesures électroanalytiques avancées." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/ZAMUNER_MARTINA_2008.pdf.
Full textZapata-Massot, Céline Le Bolay Nadine. "Synthèse de matériaux composites par co-broyage en voie sèche. Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usages des matériaux." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000635.
Full textNguyen, Duc Hanh. "Mise en évidence de la voie palladium-hydrure dans les réactions d'alcoxycarbonylation et cyclocarbonylation de monoterpènes : extension aux aminesallyliques." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. https://hal.science/tel-04608129.
Full textThis study is focused on the mechanism by which a monoterpene suffers a cyclocarbonylation reaction catalysed by a palladium complex. Evidences are provided, based on intermediate species observed under pressure or with stabilizing ligands, that the catalytic cycle follows a hybride route starting from [Hpd(SnCl3)L2]. Cationic complexes of type [Pd(H)(L2)(L')]+ or palladium (0) precursors show either an absence or a reduced reactivity. Moving to the model platinum complex chemistry, an acyl species has been intercepted. Most of the observations are done on the cyclocarbonylation of isopulegol, dihydromyrcenol, isolimonene into the corresponding lactones or cyclopentanones. Dihydromyrcene led us to observe the platinum-acyl complex and the corresponding elusive palladium-acyl species. The co-catalytic role of SnCl2 is also demonstrated
Patel, Saket. "Development of polarizing agents for dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0729/document.
Full textNMR and MRI play a key role in science and notably in chemistry and clinical research. Both NMR and MRI techniques suffer from sensitivity limitation and hyperpolarization can help push back this limitation by increasing the signal by 1-4 orders of magnitudes. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most widely used method to overcome the sensitivity limitation of NMR/MRI. This thesis concerns the design and synthesis of new improved UV-induced non-persistent polarizing agents for dissolution DNP and matrix dependence of the magnetic properties of free radical at high magnetic field and low temperature. The DNP efficiency of UV-induced polarizing agents has been tested at 6.7 T and 1 K. Herein, we overcome the issue of providing UV-radical precursors that are not involved in any metabolic pathway, improvement in generated radical yield, and 13C dDNP performances. The DNP efficiency of these radicals was tested for the [U-2H, U-13C]-D-glucose and 13C-dihydroxyacetone (DHAc). In the optimal conditions, for glucose polarization, a usable liquid-state polarization of 32% has been achieved, the highest value reported in the literature to date. Additionally, photo-irradiation of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA) using visible (Vis) light instead of UV-light produced a non-persistent radical that can be used to hyperpolarize UV-sensitive probes. Furthermore, matrix dependence and effect of [Gd] 3+ complex on trityl radical (AH111501) relaxation time (T1e), high field EPR study, and dDNP experiment on [U-2H, U-13C]-D-glucose has been studied at 6.7 T
Patel, Saket. "Development of polarizing agents for dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0729.
Full textNMR and MRI play a key role in science and notably in chemistry and clinical research. Both NMR and MRI techniques suffer from sensitivity limitation and hyperpolarization can help push back this limitation by increasing the signal by 1-4 orders of magnitudes. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most widely used method to overcome the sensitivity limitation of NMR/MRI. This thesis concerns the design and synthesis of new improved UV-induced non-persistent polarizing agents for dissolution DNP and matrix dependence of the magnetic properties of free radical at high magnetic field and low temperature. The DNP efficiency of UV-induced polarizing agents has been tested at 6.7 T and 1 K. Herein, we overcome the issue of providing UV-radical precursors that are not involved in any metabolic pathway, improvement in generated radical yield, and 13C dDNP performances. The DNP efficiency of these radicals was tested for the [U-2H, U-13C]-D-glucose and 13C-dihydroxyacetone (DHAc). In the optimal conditions, for glucose polarization, a usable liquid-state polarization of 32% has been achieved, the highest value reported in the literature to date. Additionally, photo-irradiation of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA) using visible (Vis) light instead of UV-light produced a non-persistent radical that can be used to hyperpolarize UV-sensitive probes. Furthermore, matrix dependence and effect of [Gd] 3+ complex on trityl radical (AH111501) relaxation time (T1e), high field EPR study, and dDNP experiment on [U-2H, U-13C]-D-glucose has been studied at 6.7 T
Seyni, Abdoulaye. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usage de matériaux composites à charge dégradable produits par co-broyage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7820/1/seyni.pdf.
Full textEngel, Robert. "Mélanges bitumes-polymères : préparation, caractérisation et étude de leur stabilité." Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULHA005.
Full textCrevel, François. "Simulations numériques des polymères vivants." Strasbourg 1, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CREVEL_Francois_2007.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we explore the static and dynamical properties of equilibrium polymers, polymers systems being able to cut and recombine themselves, in three and two dimensions. We confirmed recents results about Flory's ideality hypothesis in dense regime in three dimensions and mesured the effects of of this correction on equilibirum polymers. We also studied the dynamic of scission et recombination et showed the existence of the predicted regime of controled diffusion. In the two dimensional systems, we show measure ment of critical exponents predicted in recent theories
Crevel, François Wittmer Joachim Baschnagel Jörg. "Simulations numériques des polymères vivants." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/859/01/CREVEL_Francois_2007.PDF.
Full textVernhet-Roquefeuil, Aude. "Étude physico-chimique de l'adhésion de Saccharomyces cerevisiae à des surfaces modèles : application à la vinification champenoise." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD535.
Full textSchammé, Benjamin. "Mobilité moléculaire, mécanismes de cristallisation et stabilité physique de composés pharmaceutiques amorphes : impact des méthodes de préparation." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES049.
Full textAmorphous pharmaceuticals (excipients and active ingredients) are considered as one of the most promising approach to overcome the poor water solubility issue related to many drug molecules. Preparing poorly soluble drugs in the amorphous state is thus becoming an essential strategy for incorporating drugs into highly effective dosage forms. Recent developments have highlighted the need of a better understanding of the impact of preparation pathway onto the resulting amorphous solids. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a rational knowledge of the differences in the amorphous state generated by two distinct preparation pathways: quenching from the melt and high-energy milling. Physico-chemical properties of the amorphous materials were studied using a set of analytical methods (structural, thermal and spectroscopic) coupled to quantum DFT calculations. It was demonstrated for two compounds of pharmaceutical interest that depending on the preparation methods, properties such as physical stability and crystallization kinetics might differ, leading to distinct behaviors upon storage. Melt-quenched states have been found to possess a good stability over time, while milled ones exhibit a lower stability resulting in an easier tendency toward crystallization. Moreover, beyond the glass transition temperature, it was outstanding to note that all discrepancies in physico-chemical properties are suppressed. Our findings indicate also that the propensity of both inspected molecular compounds to be amorphized rises as milling temperature decreases. This thesis also provides new insights to elaborate adequate stabilization protocols for amorphous pharmaceuticals
Autain, Kermen Isabelle. "Prévoir et expliquer l'évolution des systèmes chimiques : observation de la mise en place d'un nouveau programme de chimie en terminale S : réactions des enseignants et des élèves face à l'introduction de l'évolution des systèmes chimiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077066.
Full textThis work examines the effects of the implementation of a new curriculum on the evolution of chemical Systems in the final year of higher secondary education in France. The first part includes an analysis of the curriculum which defines the structure of the subject matter (empirical level and models) and determines in what measure the didactic intentions of the authors are translated into precise contents and skills. The second part sets out the reasoning and difficulties encountered by the students for whom the use of the evolution criterion is not always rational and is often studded with errors. Some errors (modification of the reaction quotient, impossible evolution direction) may be due to the difficulty they have in differentiating between the empirical level and the model level or vice-versa, or in moving between these two levels. The analysis of the explanations provided at the stopping point of the evolution of a System shows that a poor use is made of the evolution criterion and of the macroscopic kinetic model and that there is no allusion to the microscopic kinetic model. The third part deals with the teachers' professional knowledge through interviews in which they are confronted with students' authentic responses. The introduction of the evolution criterion is rightly perceived as a challenge of this programme contrary to two others themes: the distinction between chemical change and reaction and the use of the microscopic kinetic model. The presentation of students responses to the teachers may reveal their difficulties or develop their professional knowledge by giving them the opportunity to identify students' errors which they had not noticed beforehand