Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chimiotaxis'
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Pérès, Eléonore. "La souris humanisée : modèle d'étude in vivo du processus leucémogène induit par HTLV-1." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN043/document.
Full textHuman T-Cell Leukemia Virus 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia(ATL) characterized by a deregulated proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells. An asymptomaticperiod of several decades separates the infection and the onset of the leukemia, complicating thestudy of the initial leukemogenic steps. Humanized mouse models are relevant to study thosesteps as these mice harbor human hemato-lymphoid cells that can be infected by HTLV-1.I used this animal model to better characterized two biological mecanisms during my thesis.First, the role of chemotaxis in infected-non infected cell contact in vivo. Inhibiting the secretionof leukotriene B4, a potent chemoattractant, in HTLV-1-infected humanized mice reduces theproviral load and the proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells. Those results establish the importanceof leukotriene B4 in HTLV-1 primo-infection. Next, I focused on the importance of thePDZ proteins in the leukemogenic process in vivo. The PDZ-domain Binding Motif (PBM) ofthe Tax viral protein interacts with several cellular PDZ proteins including Scribble. I infectedhumanized mice either with a wild-type or a PBM-mutated provirus of HTLV-1. I showed thatinteraction of the Tax PBM with PDZ proteins enhances activated CD4+ T cells proliferationfrom 5 weeks after infection and disrupts expression of genes implicated in cell proliferation,apoptotic processes and cytoskeleton organization. This study indicated that the PBM of Taxis important for sustaining the lymphoproliferation in vivo
Voisinne, Guillaume. "Chimiotaxie chez E. Coli et D. Discoideum : experiences et modélisation." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066546.
Full textChemotaxis designates the active and directed movement of microorganisms in response to external cues in their environment. E. Coli performs chemotaxis by biasing its random walk, an alternation of smooth swimming phases (runs) and abrupt changes of direction (tumbles). We quantify the chemotactic response directly from the instantaneous bias and explicit this response in terms of the different parameters of the signaling pathway. Using individual trajectories and detections of chemicals, we infer the chemotactic response. This non invasive inference method provides sharp estimates of key parameters of the signaling pathway. This inference scheme is of general interest for the study of stochastic processes. We use an analog scheme to study the diffusive motion of biomolecules evolving in cell membrane microdomains and show that it offers optimal estimates of the diffusivity according to general Information Theory concepts along with estimations of the effective forces responsible for the confinement in microdomains. The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty) is able to detect the direction of external cAMP gradients (« directional sensing »). In line with recent experimental data, we introduce a minimal model with a slowly relaxing local inhibitor. This model reproduces adaptation, directional sensing, and amplification of the response. We present experiments allowing to test more specifically the spatio-temporal dynamics of the response. Our experimental results are interpreted using our minimal model
Weng, Qilong. "Stabilité pour des modèles de réseaux de neurones et de chimiotaxie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED026/document.
Full textThis thesis is aimed to study some biological models in neuronal network and chemotaxis with the spectral analysis method. In order to deal with the main concerning problems, such as the existence and uniqueness of the solutions and steady states as well as the asymptotic behaviors, the associated linear or linearized model is considered from the aspect of spectrum and semigroups in appropriate spaces then the nonlinear stability follows. More precisely, we start with a linear runs-and-tumbles equation in dimension d≥1 to establish the existence of a unique positive and normalized steady state and the exponential asymptotic stability in weighted L¹ space based on the Krein-Rutman theory together with some moment estimates from kinetic theory. Then, we consider time elapsed model under general assumptions on the firing rate and prove the uniqueness of the steady state and its nonlinear exponential stability in case without or with delay in the weak connectivity regime from the spectral analysis theory for semigroups. Finally, we study the model under weaker regularity assumption on the firing rate and the existence of the solution as well as the same exponential stability are established generally no matter taking delay into account or not and no matter in weak or strong connectivity regime
Mouynet, Pascale. "Fonction des polynucléaires et expression membranaire des molécules d'adhésion dans les parodonties à début précoce." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1B048.
Full textRivas, Aloïs de. "Quelques expériences sur l'évaporation de spray dense et la chimiotaxie de la mite." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0205/document.
Full textThis thesis present some experiments on droplets evaporation and moth chemotaxis.In a first part, dense spray evaporation is explained through a new approach, drawing an analogy with scalar mixing. In this high density droplets limit, where vapor saturation is reached within the structures, evaporation is mainly controlled by the intensity at which these structures are stretch. It is indeed the stretching that controls the rate at witch interstitial vapor is evacuated: droplets are thus in contact with a dryer environment, so they can start to evaporate.A second part take an interest in applying dense spray evaporation dynamic understanding to an entomologist situation: moth chemotaxis. This is the process by which animals find their way in a concentration field, such at finding a chemoattractant source for instance (sexual pheromone in our case). This part tended towards visualizing animal trajectory and concentration field underlying through droplets visualization simultaneously
Chamoun, Georges. "ÉTUDE MATHÉMATIQUE ET NUMÉRIQUE DE MODÈLES EN CHIMIOTAXIE-FLUIDE ET APPLICATIONS À LA BIOLOGIE." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN), 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015918.
Full textPina-Seguin, Karinne de. "Caractérisation du mécanisme de détection du nickel et de transduction du signal chez Escherichia coli." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0065.
Full textNickel is an essential component of the three membrane-bound hydrogenases which are necessary for the anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli. Recently, a specific nickel uptake system, encoded by the nik operon has been described in our laboratory. It consists of five proteins homologous to the components of the bacterial ABC uptake systems. NikA is the periplasmic nickelbinding protein. We overproduced and purified NikA by hydrophobic and ion exchange chromatography. Quenching of intrinsic protein fluorescence and dialysis methods showed that NikA binds one atom of nickel per molecule of protein with high affinity (Kd less than 0. 1 micromolar). We also demonstrated the implication of NikA in chemotaxis away from nickel. The nik operon is negatively controlled by an excess of nickel. Using Tn10 transposon insertion mutagenesis, we isolated a mutant affected in the nikR gene which encodes the repressor for the specific nickel transport system. In this mutant, expression of the nik operon was no longer repressed. The nikR gene, located downstream the nik locus, directs the synthesis of a 15 kDa protein whose sequence presents significant homologies with the Fur proteins involved in the regulation of ferric uptake systems of various bacteria. The nikR gene was inactivated on a plasmid by insertion of an uidA-kan cassette, and then recombined into the chromosome. As expected, the mutant obtained expressed NikA constitutively. We overproduced and partially purified NikR by affinity nickel chromatography
El-Haloui, Nour-Eddine. "Incidences de la mobilité et du chimiotactisme sur la compétitivité chez Rhizobium meliloti." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10056.
Full textEyraud, Anne. "Étude de la réponse chimiotactique des polynucléaires neutrophiles chez le rat : impact des macrolides." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1W241.
Full textMorel, Mathieu. "Développement de dispositifs microfluidiques pour l'étude du guidage axonal en molécules uniques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066753.
Full textLombard, Jean-Yves. "Étude de l'effet de trois fluoroquinolones et de la spiramycine sur le chimiotactisme des neutrophiles humains." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1T081.
Full textVereycken, Valérie. "Mécanique de la motilité cellulaire : mouvement d’un neutrophile humain active dans une micropipette." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066427.
Full textLopez, Daniel. "Comportements collectifs de bactéries en géométrie contrôlée et sous l'effet de la centrifugation." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066614.
Full textEscherichia coli is a flagellated bacterium. It swims in liquids following trajectories that are all well described by a 3D random walk. E. Coli uptakes energy from its environment in order to maintain its movement, therefore it's an example of self-propelled particle (SPP). Many systems of SPP have been studied but it's still not clear how these systems react under a homogeneous force field. In this work we have designed an exprimental setup to study the effect of centrifugation on a bacteria population. We have obtained reproducible results of sedimentation profiles at equilibrium. These results are well described in a hard sphere model framework. In confined geometries, E. Coli bacteria are able to move collectively using their chemotaxis. It can lead to the formation of concentration waves. In the second part of this work, we have determined how these bacterial waves react to perturbations induced by geometrical changes of their environment. All experimental results can be interpreted with simple qualitative arguments. Finally we compare these with those obtained by experimental simulation results from kinetic models
Maman, Louis. "Effets du Piroxicam sur les exsudats inflammatoires prélevés dans la cavité pleurale du rat." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05M047.
Full textCutolo, Pasquale. "Etude de l'interaction structurelle et fonctionnelle entre la chimiokine CXCL12 et ses récepteurs : CXCR4 et ACKR3/CXCR7." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS550/document.
Full textThe axis formed by the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 is conserved in vertebrates where it plays an important role in embryogenesis and adult life, regulates many processes of immune responses through its functions in cell migration, survival and proliferation.In addition, this axis is involved in pathological processes such as cancers (growth and metastasis) and immune deficiencies and malfunctions (eg deregulated expression, mutations or polymorphisms) and is also hijacked by certain pathogens (eg HIV, human papilloma virus).A large working group is dedicated to this pair as a therapeutic target, but only a compound (ie Plerixafor) achieved approval for clinical use by the potential of this area as a drug target unexplored.Although this axis is the subject of great interest, questions remain about the structural determinants involved in CXCL12 / CXCR4 interaction.However, the recently resolved diffraction structure of CXCR4 gave some clue about these questions, and beyond possible stoichiometry between CXCL12 and CXCR4.Several lines of evidence support the concept that forms CXCR4 homo- and hetero-oligomers (which can contribute to the diversity of the receptor functions), as shown in the diffraction structure, the gain function of a mutant CXCR4 receptor responsible for the syndrome WHIM and allosteric modulation of CXCR4 functions by CXCR7 (ACKR3), the second receptor of the chemokine CXCL12. The ability to form oligomers opens many issues of CXCL12 and its interaction with CXCR4 and CXCR7 / ACKR3.The stoichiometry of this interaction still remains an open question, as the receptor is capable to form oligomers with the same receptor or other receptors, particularly CXCR7 / ACKR3. This receptor, known as scavenger, has not solved structure and the mechanism of interaction with CXCL12 is unknown.To study the interactions CXCL12 / CXCR4 / CXCR7, we applied several molecular modeling techniques such as peptide-peptide docking and molecular dynamics simulations.Objectives of this project were: the resolution of the different stoichiometric forms for the interaction of CXCR4 and CXCL12 (molecular modeling, docking and dynamic); modeling the CXCR7 / ACKR3 receptor structure and its interaction with CXCL12 (homology modeling), with the characterization of domains and residues key in the activation of downstream signaling pathways of the receptor (CXCR7 / ACKR3 mutants); the study and characterization of new innovative tools for the detection of oligomerization of these receptors in endogenous conditions. (Nanobodies, HTRF)The results of the first objective were published in January 2016: PMID 26813575.Modeling of CXCR7 / ACKR3 allowed us to generate several mutants of the receptor to test our hypothesis about the activation pathways.Nanobodies were fully characterized for CXCR4 to be used in a second study to identify oligomeric forms of the receptor in tissues and cells
Er-Raki, Abdelouahed. "Importance du rôle physiopathologique du fibroblaste dermique dans les phénomènes inflammatoires liés au psoriasis." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30018.
Full textVoisset, Edwige. "Etude de l'implication des protéines fes et fer dans la signalisation des recepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase kit et FLT3." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22027.pdf.
Full textCourdouhji, Mohamed Kamal. "La phosphatase alcaline et les fonctions des polynucléaires neutrophiles sanguins : leur étude chez le mouton sain et au cours de carences expérimentales en zinc chez l'agneau." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT005A.
Full textSaragosti, Jonathan. "Chimiotactisme collectif de Escherichia coli." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066329.
Full textOuannes, Nesrine. "Évolution et adaptation de comportements de créatures artificielles dans un écosystème simulé." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10043.
Full textBecause of its important ecological underpinnings, the study of interactions between animals as well as with their environment is a research area of major interest in Biology. The work in this thesis belongs to the field of Artificial Life, a scientific discipline devoted to the study of natural phenomena inherent to living organisms by reproducing them by synthetic means. The aim of this research is to exploit the power of evolutionary techniques to cause behaviors of artificial creatures to emerge in a simulated ecosystem. The overarching problematic of this thesis is to evolve foraging behaviors in artificial creatures. Two models have been developed. The first model exploits bacterial chemotaxis to overcome the problem of resource detection (or features in its environment). The cell chemotactic pathway is modulated by a hybrid approach that reproduces the receptor group activity using an algebraic model, the adaptation dynamics using differential equations, as well as a metabolic model that converts nutrients into biomass In the results section, we developed a type of analysis of motion from selected bacteria and their influence on the evolved population’s behavior. We observed that the evolutionary process improves the bacteria’s capacity to react to their environment as well as their ability to grow, effectively improving their ability to survive. We then studied the effect of bacterial communication that allows new species to emerge, which exploits colony dynamics. Some of the obtained behaviors have been tested in separate environments in order to show how inter-bacterial communication can impact their behavior. The second model is about the development of 3D physically realistic creatures (herbivores) that feed on resources available in their environment. A genetic algorithm coupled to a neural network guarantees the emergence of a variety of behaviors such as the search of nutrients that are spread across the virtual ecosystem. The evolutionary process takes advantage of the virtual creature’s physical properties and an external multimodal fitness function to lead to the expected behaviors. Experiments designed to evolve virtual creatures displaying locomotion abilities shows that they attempt to reach at least one of the food sources placed on their trajectory. Our best creatures are able to reach multiple food sources within the imparted simulation time
Lambert, Karine. "Implication d'un motif dileucine de l'hélice VIII du récepteur de haute affinité du LTB4 dans la chimiotaxie du neutrophile dépendante de RhoA." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textSbaa, Elhem. "Effet du SDF-1 et de la matrice extracellulaire sur la migration des cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques saines et leucémiques." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES037.
Full textThe cellular events that lead to migration of normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells were controlled by multiple factors like cytokines, chemokines and the components of the extracellular matrix. The stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that induces migration of these two types of cells. In this study, we demonstrated that fibronectin (FN) enhanced the SDF-1-dependent chemotactic effect. Our results suggested that the complex FN/integrin amplify signals pathways induced by SDF-1. We have demonstrated that FN activity can be localized to very short sequences of few amino acids such as CS-1, CS-5 and RGD. We also showed that III1-C fragment of FN inhibited the chemotactic effect of SDF-1. In fact, this fragment decreased the expression of CXCR-4, induced the translocation of RhoA from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm, disorganize the distribution of the actin and finally decreased the amount of FAK phosphorylation in the presence of SDF-1
Legendre, Benjamin. "Etude comparative structurale et fonctionnelle de CCL18 recombinant humain produit par la cellule CHO et E. Coli." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S004.
Full textMhedbi-Hajri, Nadia. "Approches cumulées de phylogénie et d'écologie pour déterminer les bases génétiques de la spécificité d'hôte des bactéries phytopathogènes, cas des Xanthomonas spp." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0057.
Full textHost specificity combines distinct successive phases of interaction between bacteria and host plant: attraction, ability to multiply on or inside the host and transmission to new hosts. We hypothesized that determinants responsible for bacterial host specificity are expressed starting from chemotactic attraction by host tissues and adhesion. We established the distribution of 70 genes involved in chemotactic attraction, chemical environment sensing and adhesion in a large collection of xanthomonad strains. These 173 strains belong to different pathovars of Xanthomonas spp and display different host ranges. Most pathovars (28/34) were characterized by unique repertoires of candidate genes highlighting a correspondence between pathovar clustering and repertoires of sensors and adhesins. In contrast, six pathovars may display the same repertoire. This may reflect common ecological behaviors. To further challenge our hypothesis, we tested for molecular signatures of selective pressures on genes encoding chemotactic sensors and adhesins of xanthomonad strains. We identified strong evidence of adaptive divergence acting on most candidate genes. Within X. Axonopodis, candidate genes were identified to be under purifying selection or positive selection. Most of sites under positive selection were located in conserved domains within proteins. These finding suggest that purifying selection may act on genes involved in recognition of common structures of plant tissues and positive selection may act on genes coding for sensors and adhesins used for colonization of specific niches. These findings provide new insights in the evolutionary importance of chemotactic attraction and adhesion in the host specificity of plant pathogenic bacteria. Thus, events leading to host specificity may occur as early as chemotactic attraction by host and adhesion to tissues for plant pathogenic xanthomonads. Phylogenetical and genealogical analyses conducted on X. Axonopodis strains strongly supported clustering of these strains into 6 subgroups corresponding to known subgroups within this species and indicated that the divergence between some subgroups is very ancient. Furthermore, recombination events due to genetic exchanges have been found to occur recently in X. Axonopodis strains and some were associated to transfers of virulence-associated genes. All these data support the importance of perception of the environment and adhesion in the plant-microbe interactions
Lacroix, Olivier. "Etude préliminaire pour l'application en routine d'un test de chimiotaxie aux acides aminés utilisé pour la détection de l'altération de la perméabilité chez les entérobactéries." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P153.
Full textLambert, Karine. "Implication d'un motif dileucine de l'hélice VIII du récepteur de haute affinité du LTB[indice inférieur 4] dans la chimiotaxie du neutrophile dépendante de RhoA." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3881.
Full textDesaulniers, Philippe. "Étude des réponses phagocytaires et chimiotactiques du neutrophile humain dans des modèles in vitro." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23334/23334.pdf.
Full textLambert, Ambroise. "Etude de la motilité et du chimiotactisme chez les leptospires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077117.
Full textLeptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease contracted through contact of an abraded skin with contaminated soil or water. Leptospires have a single flagellum inserted sub terminally at each pole, wrapping around the protoplasmic cylinder and extending towards the middle of the cell without overlapping. Chemotaxis is defined by the movement of an organism toward or away from a chemical compound. Attractants induce a movement toward themself and repellents induce a movement away from themself. I developed a capillary tube assay combined with real-time PCR. This strategy led to the characterization of several new chemoattractants of Leptospira spp. . We also showed significant differences in the chemotactic behaviour between pathogenic strain and the aquicole non pathogenic strain. Inactivation of an operon containing the two leptospiralfiaA genes had no effect on sheath morphology. However, further analysis of the flagellum confirmed that mutants lacking both FlaA proteins had an altered helicity, whereas the Wild-Type flagellum that is coiled. In addition I showed by scanning electron microscopy that this mutant lacked his hook shaped ends morphology confirming also that the flagellar coil is involved in cell ends morphology. Animal experimentations using both gerbil and hamster as acute model of leptospirosis showed that mutant lacking both FIaA proteins that was not able to translate failed to colonize target organs like kidney or liver and did not cause death while Wild-Type strain and the other mutant killed ail animais. Additionally, I explored chemotaxis involvement in the pathogenesis caused by L. Interrogans which had not been previously studied. Our findings suggest for the first time that chemotaxis regulatory system might be involved in assymetrical coordination of flagellar motor and virulence of L. Interrogans which was consistent with the previous findings obtained during my doctoral experience indicating that motility was involved in virulence. Finally, these data set the basis for the comprehensive analysis of the motility regulatory mechanisms and their function in Leptospira spp. Physiology
Bouzigues, Cédric. "Dynamique de récepteurs uniques du GABAA dans le cône de croissance : rôle dans la détection des signaux de guidage." Paris 7, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120620v3.
Full textDuring the development of the nervous System, extending axons choose accurately their directions of growth. This step relies on the sensitive detection of guidance cues by receptors in the membrane of the growth cone. We studied the dynamics of single GABA receptors tagged by fluorescent nanocrystals. The receptors are initially homogeneously distributed in the growth cone membrane and are specifically relocalized toward the source when submitted to a GABA gradient. This reorganization is due to interactions with the microtubules that have been identified by single receptor trajectory analysis and that displace the receptors toward regions of high GABA concentration. The functional role of this phenomenon has been revealed by the measurement of a receptor redistribution induced an amplification in the asymmetry of calcium concentration. These results support a model of receptor self-organization providing an amplification of the external signal. A weak asymmetric activation of receptors causes a weak asymmetry of calcium concentration and of the cytoskeleton organization. This creates a positive feedback loop by favouring receptor redistribution that amplifies the gradient induced signal by enhancing the asymmetry in the calcium concentration. The self-organization of the receptors can be correctly described by a System of stochastic equations that has been analytically and numerically studied. This study provides a general mechanism of amplification of external signals in growing axons and also in chemotactic or polarized Systems
Belot, Marie-Pierre. "Effets de la progestérone sur la migration des matocytes HMC-1(560) en réponse à la chimiokine CXCL12 et sur leur prolifération spontanée." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114827.
Full textThe presence of mast cells in tissues implicated in many physiological functions and their accumulation is associated with several diseases. Mast cells recruitment in tissues depends on microenvironmental factors and hormones. On HMC-1560 human mast cells, progesterone significantly reduced cell migration towards CXCL12, a chemokine. Cells incubated with progesterone showed no rearrangment of actin filaments following the addition of CXCL12. The hormone also reduced the calcium response to CXCL12 and Akt phosphorylation. The amount of CXCR4 (mRNA, total protein) and the amount of membrane-bound protein were about reduced by progesterone. The spontaneous proliferation of HMC-1560 mast cells was also diminished up to 50%, with arrest in G1. This inhibition was accompanied by down regulation of phosphorylated Raf-1 and p42/44 MAPKs, and in parallel Csk Homolgous Kinase (CHK), an inhibitor for the Src-family members, was increased
Gaudry, Murielle. "Rôle de la protéine kinase C cytosolique dans les activités fonctionnelles des polynucléaires neutrophiles humains." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112183.
Full textConfavreux, Antoine. "Optimisation des conditions de migration et de détachement de lignées cancéreuses du cancer du sein en vue de leur tri fonctionnel." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10209/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates migration and detachement properties of different types of breast cancer cell lines : metastatic, invasive MDA-MB-231 and epithelial, low-invasive MCF-7 celles. Videomicroscopy and image analysis techniques were used to obtain dynamic information for large cell populations. Random migration assays performed on MDA-MB-231 cells reveal that their migration properties are related to both medium and surface (substrate adhesion protein type and quantity) conditions. A biphasic behavior for the migrated distance through time was observed to be dependent on the density of adsorbed protein (collagen type IV or fibronectin) on the substrate. Cell shape, detachement and moving properties were also computed as a function of the surface protein characteristics. These results were then used to perform directed migration assays in a chemotactic gradient generated in a microfluidic chamber. Optimal conditions for directed migration of cells were determined by varying the parameters of the system such as gradient maximum concentration, substrate adhesion protein… Lastly, it was experimentally proved that it is possible to separate cancer epithelial cell lines from mesenchymal ones by using chemotactic microfluidic chambers
Altinoglu, Ipek. "Organization of Bacterial Cell Pole." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS367/document.
Full textIn rod shaped bacteria, cell poles serve as important subcellular domains involved in several cellular processes including motility, chemotaxis, protein secretion, antibiotic resistance, and chromosome segregation. In the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae, vibrioid rod shape and single polarized flagellum involve in the virulence. Polar landmark protein HubP was shown to interact with multiple ATPases, such as ParA1 (chromosome segregation), ParC (polar localization of chemotaxis apparatus), and FlhG (flagella biosynthesis), thus organizing the polar identity of V. cholerae by tethering proteins to cell pole. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this thesis, I tackled to unveil comprehensive view of the cell pole organization which implies the orchestration of different cellular functions, by identifying further interaction partners of HubP as well as drawing conceivable picture of the cell pole by super-resolution photoactivated localization microscopy. To identify new interaction partners of HubP, I used minicells in which cell poles were enriched as they derived from cell division near the cell pole. Difference in protein composition between HubP+ and HubP- minicells were examined by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Among ~800 proteins identified, ~80 proteins were considered to be enriched in HubP+ minicells including many expected proteins (FlhG, ParC and downstream chemotaxis proteins). I chose 14 proteins to investigate their subcellular localization with fluorescent microscopy. In conclusion, I discovered 4 proteins that showed polar localization in a HubP-dependent manner. These proteins are VbrX, VbrY, and 2 hypothetical proteins MotV and MotW. ∆motV and ∆motW showed significant defect in a diameter of travel in soft agar plate that suggesting the possible involvement in chemotaxis and/or motility. Whereas electron microscopy showed that both mutants possess intact monotrichous flagellum, video-tracking revealed that the two mutants showed rather distinct defects during swimming: MotV is rather turning mutant while MotW is a speed mutant. Fluorescent microscopy experiments indicated that MotV, MotW and HubP showed distinct polar dynamics over cell cycle. For fine-scale observation of the cell pole by PALM, it was appreciated that novel tools for high-throughput analysis was demanded. Since brightfield images are not sufficient to have accurate contours of small and low contrast bacterial cells, I developed new labeling technique with photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for precise outlining at either inner membrane or periplasm. Furthermore, we created Matlab-based software called Vibio which integrates cell outline and the list of molecules obtained by super-resolution microscopy. High-throughput capability of the software enabled to analyze distribution of detected molecules from single cell to whole bunch of cells in a manner that cells are oriented by cell curvature. These allowed me to discover that HubP is mostly lopsided at the convex side of the cell pole, while its partners mostly located middle of the pole. Altogether, I successfully unveiled 4 novel interaction partners of HubP. I revealed of the function of hypothetical proteins that are involved in cell motility. I developed new labeling technique for precise polar localization that works well for PALM image analysis in Vibio. Therefore, I observed precise polar localization of HubP and other polar proteins
Vaillancourt, Myriam. "Implication de la lipide phosphatase SHIP1 dans les voies de signalisation du CD32A dans le neutrophile humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22931/22931.pdf.
Full textNabil, Karim. "Identification et caractérisation d'une protéine chimiotactique pour les monocytes humains." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN19005.
Full textGallant, Maxime. "Production de prostaglandine D[indice inférieur 2] par les ostéoblastes humains[ressource électronique] : augmentation de la chimiotaxie et diminution de la production d'ostéoprotégérine par la liaison aux récepteurs CRTH2 et DP." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3369.
Full textIdohou, Nicole. "Étude in vitro de l'effet des lipoprotéines de très basse densité sur les fonctions du polynucléaire humain : application à l'étude du mécanisme d'action d'un immunomodulateur, le Biostim®." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114852.
Full textPourié, Grégory. "Comportement agonistique et communication chimique chez une araignée solitaire : Tegenaria atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10268.
Full textAttane, Jean-Claude. "Etude spectroscopique de l'état d'hydratation de peptides en milieu micellaire biomimétique : application au tripeptide chimiotactique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL081N.
Full textAlkhayal, Jana. "Équations paraboliques non linéaires pour des problèmes d'hydrogéologie et de transition de phase." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS448/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the existence of a solution for a class of evolution systems which are strongly coupled, as well as the singular limit of an advection-reaction-diffusion equation.In chapter 1, we describe briefly the derivation of a seawater intrusion model in confined and unconfined aquifers. For this purpose we combine Darcy's law with a mass conservation law and we neglect the effect of the vertical dimension.In chapter 2, we consider a system that generalizes the seawater intrusion model in unconfined aquifers. It is a strongly coupled nonlinear degenerate parabolic system. After discretizing in time, freezing and truncating the coefficients and finally regularizing the equations we apply Lax-Milgram theorem to prove the existence of a unique solution for the elliptic linear associated system. Then we apply a fixed point theorem to prove the existence of a solution for the nonlinear approximated problem. We obtain in addition an entropy estimate, which allows us in particular to prove the positivity of the solution. Finally, we pass to the limit in the system and the entropy in order to prove the existence of a solution for the initial problem.In chapter 3, we prove the existence of a solution for a system that contains in particular the seawater intrusion model in confined aquifers. This system is very similar to that introduced in chapter 2, only the pressure is a new unknown and we have the constraint that the sum of the unknown heights is a given function. The pressure is the Lagrange multiplier associated to the constraint. We obtain again an entropy estimate and we establish an estimate on the gradient of the pressure.In chapter 4, we are interested in the study of sharp interfaces that moves by a certain flow, by mean curvature flow for example. Singularities may occur in finite time which explains the necessity of having a differnet notion of surfaces. In this chapter, we introduce the notion of "varifolds" or generalized surfaces that extend the notion of manifolds. To these varifolds we associate a generalized mean curvature and a generalized normal velocity.In chapter 5, we consider an advection-reaction-diffusion equation arising from a chemotaxis-growth system proposed by Mimura and Tsujikawa. The unknown is the population density which is subjected to the effects of diffusion, of growth and to the tendency of migrating toward higher gradients of the chemotactic substance. When a small parameter tends to zero, the solution converges to a step function; the associated diffuse interface converges to a sharp interface which moves by perturbed mean curvature. We represent these interfaces by varifolds defined by the Lyapunov functional of the Allen-Cahn problem. We establish a monotonicity formula and we prove a property of equipartition of energy. We prove also the rectability of the varifold and that the multiplicity function is almost everywhere integer
Bailleul, Richard. "Embryonic patterning of the avian skin : mathematical modelling of embryonic dynamics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS022.pdf.
Full textSince Alan Turing’s milestone paper ‘The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis” in 1952, a molecular revolution has taken place in biology and mathematicians have provided an increasing number of theoretical models that are able to generate many of the patterns observed in nature. This thesis aimed at unifying the extensive findings in both fields to propose theoretical frameworks and developmental schemes for the emergence of avian skin patterns, with a particular focus on dorsal plumage dynamics. I characterised the appearance of feather primordia in the dorsum of several bird species, namely chickens, quails, pheasants, zebra finches, emus and penguins. In the first four species, the patterning of the dorsal skin occurs in a highly reproducible manner: thin longitudinal domains of competence, marked by beta-catenin, trigger a wave of feather-forming rows that propagate laterally in a timely fashion, eventually forming feather tracts. In flightless emus and penguins, the process is much different: feathers first individualise within large competent domains, and later appear throughout the whole skin, in a quick and regular or irregular fashion. I then reproduced shared and varying attributes of these dynamics with a unified reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis model with logistic cell proliferation, which I used in a predictive way. It recapitulates all varying attributes of the patterning processes by tuning initial conditions, and predicts that cell proliferation controls the timing of the patterning process. Our framework opens up evolutionary perspectives, and the origins of pattern attributes such as regularity and directionality are discussed
Missé, Dorothée. "Etude des interactions entre les structures conservées de la GP120 du VIH-1 et les cellules cibles." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20175.
Full textDeleuze, Yannick. "Modeling and simulation of transport during acupuncture." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066372/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to comprehend the complexity of the underlying basis of acupuncture. Acupuncture needling is investigated in order to establish a multiscale model that takes into account the complexity of biology but is mathematically simple enough to run simulations.Acupuncture is one of the oldest practices in the history of medicine and is the core of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Once needles are inserted in the right locations, called acupoints, they are manipulated via manual needling to stimulate the acupoint. The physiological reactions of acupuncture needling lead to therapeutic effects which can be explained by a series of interactions between the skin and the nervous, the endocrine, and the immune systems.In the present work, the thrusting and lifting of an acupuncture needle inserted in subcutaneous connective tissue is modeled. A porous media model is used to run simulations and compute the pressure and shear stress affecting the organization of fibers and of isolated cells in their matrix. A mathematical model was conceived to take into account cell signaling. There is ample evidence that needle manipulation in acupuncture can cause degranulation of mastocytes directly through a physical stress to occur. Activated mastocytes rapidly release granules containing chemical mediators. These chemical mediators play a key role recruiting mastocytes in their environment and are known to affect the excitability of nerve endings as well as local microcirculation permeability and size for the appropriate transfer of long-term acting endocrine signals. The process is sustained by the recruitment of mastocytes through chemotaxis
Pham, Huu Trung. "Étude des granulocytes : aspects physio-pathologiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112314.
Full textAllaire, Marc-André. "Étude de l'implication de la prostaglandine E[indice inférieur]2 dans la signalisation cellulaire menant à la chimiotaxie des monocytes vers les ligands CCL19/CCL21 et l'impact de la maturation des monocytes en macrophages sur leur récepteur CCR7." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6567.
Full textBoy, Agnès. "Analyse mathématique d'un modèle biologique régi par un système d'équations de réaction diffusion couplées." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3028.
Full textParis, Sébastien. "Un modèle de métastases pulmonaires spontanées fluorescentes et son utilisation dans l'étude des gènes." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES079.
Full textThe existence of metastases prevents a definitive surgical treatment of cancer or its eradication by localized radiotherapy; Understanding the molecular bases of the metastatic development represents a crucial stage in the discovery of new treatments against cancer. In vivo models, which mimic the development of metastases, have been shown to be an essential tool for these studies. However, the majority of currently used models present drawbacks limiting their application. Models using intravenous injections of cancerous cells give good results as for the number of metastases, but their use is restricted because they do not involve the early steps of the metastatic process (e. G. : separation from primary tumour and invasion). Moreover, in spite of the capacity of human cancerous cell lines to grow in athymic nude mice after subcutaneous injection (s. C. ), it is still difficult to obtain spontaneous metastases that do induce the whole steps of the metastatic process. Some models take advantage of orthotopic grafts to induce the formation of this type of metastases, but their use is limited because of significant technical difficulties. Furthermore, the finding of micrometastases is often hampered by the absence of a reporter gene allowing a simple and fast detection of a small number of cells in tissues of the host. The use of the lacZ gene gives good results but it is time consuming and the complete enumeration of pulmonary metastases is almost impossible to realize. The recent introduction of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), as a reporter gene, radically changed the techniques traditionally used for the study of metastases. It should facilitate a simple and fast detection of micrometastases in fresch host tissues
Danoy, Mathieu. "Development of a physiologically-relevant in-vitro microfluidic model for monitoring of pancreatic cancer cells interactions with the liver." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10093/document.
Full textThe cancer metastatic process and its understanding have been a major topic of interest for researchers in the past. Using in-vitro models in both standard culture conditions and in microfluidic devices, we investigated the feasibility of such models in the representation of the physiological in-vivo situation. We developed a hierarchical coculture model in PDMS plates, composed of hepatocytes, pericytes and endothelial cells. In different culture conditions, the influence of the different cells composing the model on the adhesion of cancer cells and promyeloblastic cells was investigated as well as the influence on the inflammatory state of the culture. To reproduce the in-vivo blood flow and shear stress to which the endothelial cells and the adhering cells are subjected, the model was then transferred into a microfluidic biochip. The device was composed of three channels, separated by micropillars and which could be filled independently one from another. Pericytes embedded in a hydrogel, hepatocytes, endothelial cells and finally pancreatic cancer cells could be inserted successively to reproduce the in-vivo hierarchical situation. Cells were found to viable after the culture and markers related to the liver and inflammation to be expressed. The influence of the presence of hepatocytes and pericytes was investigated by varying the culture conditions. It was found that pancreatic cancer cells were attracted by the cells in other channels in coculture. The established models lay the bases for more complex and relevant systems that could complement their in-vivo counterparts in the drug discovery process
Sutherland, Audrey. "Etudes des activités anti- et pro-tumorales d'agents chimioattractants et de leurs récepteurs leucocytaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210378.
Full textNotre travail porte sur l’étude du rôle de chimiokines et récepteurs, fréquemment exprimés au sein de tumeurs, dans un modèle tumoral chez la souris, la lignée cellulaire LLC (Lewis Lung Carcinoma). Chaque gène d’intérêt (CCR3, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CXCL13) a été exprimé dans la lignée LLC, ces différentes lignées ont été greffées à des souris syngéniques, et les caractéristiques phénotypiques des tumeurs ont été analysées, notamment la croissance tumorale, la fréquence et la distribution des métastases, et l’importance des réactions immunitaires de l’hôte.
Nous avons montré que la croissance tumorale n’est pas affectée par l’expression des différents récepteurs étudiés, ni par celle des chimiokines CCL19 et CCL21, alors que l’expression de CXCL13 et de CCL20 par les cellules LLC réduit leur croissance in vivo. La quantification des métastases pulmonaires a montré que l’expression de CCR3, CXCR5, CCR7, CCL19 ou CCL21 par les cellules tumorales n’affecte pas significativement le potentiel métastatique des cellules LLC. Par contre, l’expression de CXCR4 entraîne une augmentation, et CCR6 une diminution, du nombre de métastases pulmonaires. La diminution du potentiel métastatique des tumeurs LLC/CCR6 implique notamment l’augmentation des propriétés d’adhésion de ces cellules. Les cellules LLC produisent naturellement de petites quantités du ligand CCL20. Nous postulons que la stimulation autocrine de CCR6 par CCL20 dans ces cellules in vivo augmente leurs propriétés d’adhésion et diminue leur potentiel métastatique. Dans le contexte de l’implication des chimiokines et récepteurs dans la détermination des sites métastatiques, nous proposons dès lors un modèle plus général :les récepteurs aux chimiokines dirigent les cellules tumorales vers les sites métastatiques où est produit le ligand correspondant ;cependant, si le ligand est produit au niveau de la tumeur, il favorise le maintien des cellules tumorales au niveau du site primaire.
L’effet anti-tumoral de CCL20 ne dépend apparemment pas d’un recrutement plus important de cellules dendritiques, de lymphocytes T et de cellules NK exprimant le récepteur CCR6. Nos observations suggèrent plutôt un effet de CCL20 sur l’angiogenèse tumorale.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Devosse, Thalie. "Functional caracterisation of formyl peptide receptor 3 and its peptidic ligand F2L in the development of physiological and pathological inflammatory responses." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210017.
Full textLes récepteurs aux peptides formylés bactériens et mitochondriaux (FPRs) forment la première famille de récepteurs chimiotactiques identifiée. Elle comprend trois membres, FPR1, 2 et 3, présentant un haut niveau de similitude et partageant certains de leurs multiples ligands. Le troisième membre de ce groupe, FPR3, reste actuellement le moins bien connu. Récemment, un agoniste de FPR3, affin et spécifique, a été identifié dans le laboratoire. Il s’agit du peptide F2L, qui correspond aux 21 premiers acides aminés de la protéine intracellulaire HEBP1.
Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes attelé à la caractérisation approfondie du récepteur FPR3 et son ligand peptidique F2L.
Dans un premier temps, et à l’aide d’anticorps validés dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons montré que le peptide F2L induit le chimiotactisme d’un ensemble de populations leucocytaires qui expriment FPR3, dont les sous-populations de macrophages des poumons, du colon et de la peau, les éosinophiles et les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes. Cette distribution suggère, pour FPR3, une fonction dans la réponse inflammatoire.
Nous avons pu montrer ensuite que F2L peut être généré par la protéolyse de son précurseur, HEBP1, sous l’action de la cathepsine D des macrophages. La cathepsine D est une aspartique protéase lysosomiale impliquée dans l’homéostasie cellulaire, les processus apoptotiques et inflammatoires physiologiques et pathologiques, et dans le développement tumoral. Il s’agit désormais d’identifier dans quel compartiment et sous quelles conditions F2L est produit et sécrété.
Enfin, parallèlement à ces travaux, nous avons démontré que la cathepsine G, une sérine protéase contenue dans les granules azurophiles des neutrophiles, active également le récepteur FPR3. Des résultats préliminaires suggèrent un mode d’activation alternatif du récepteur, impliquant la protéolyse d’un troisième partenaire et la génération d’un agoniste actuellement non identifié.
Le couple FPR3-F2L semble dès lors impliqué dans l’induction ou la résolution de la réponse inflammatoire en recrutant les éosinophiles, monocytes, macrophages et cellules dendritiques au site de la lésion.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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