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Zhong, Haidong, Jinhui Zhang, Shaozhong Zhang, and Wen Zheng. "Study on Spatial Imbalance and Determinants of E-Commerce Development in Zhejiang, China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6687229.
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As a world-famous and well-developed e-commerce region, the development of e-commerce in Zhejiang province has always attracted people’s wide attention. Based on publicly available e-commerce transaction-related data, basic geographic data, and regional economic and social development data, we use the Gini coefficient to measure the imbalance of e-commerce development in Zhejiang province during 2017–2019. With the help of spatial analyst tools in ArcGIS desktop, the cluster and outlier analysis method is used to study the spatial pattern of e-commerce development in the province at the district or county-level city scale. To explore the causes of spatial aggregation and imbalance of e-commerce in Zhejiang province quantitatively, the paper proposes a geographical weighted regression (GWR) model with 15 economic and social development-related indicators. GWR and ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis indicate that 5 of the 15 selected indicators are highly related to the development of regional e-commerce development in Zhejiang, China.
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Du, Lele, and Gaoyue Zhang. "Research Progress and Practice of Grassroots Grid Management in China." Frontiers in Science and Engineering 2, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v2i8.1721.
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Grid management realizes administrative subsidence, structural integration and resource coordination through the subdivision of spatial scope, and gradually integrates the characteristics of refinement, informatization and service, and builds a governance model that can promote the benign interaction of grass-roots society. This paper mainly discusses the development status quo of the transformation of grassroots grid management from control type to governance type, and then to service type. Combined with China's practical experience, it introduces the innovative application of grid management in Dongcheng District of Beijing, Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province, Pukou District of Nanjing city and Dongguan City of Guangdong Province, with a view to improving the grassroots administrative management mechanism and system.
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URA, Ryoichi, Chihoko SHIMOKOBE, Masamitsu OGIWARA, Yasuyoshi HAYASHI, Haruyoshi YAMADA, Masanori AZUMA, Masaaki KAWASHIMA, Terukazu TAKESHITA, and Shigetomo KIKUCHI. "The Present Situation of Agricultural Villages and Some Problems in Improving Facilities on the Ningsho Plain in Zhejiang Sheng, China (1)." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 3, no. 4 (1985): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.3.4_15.
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Wu, H. A., Y. H. Zhang, G. F. Luo, W. H. Mao, Y. H. Kang, and Y. Jin. "Ground subsidence monitoring over Jiaxing region, Zhejiang province from 2006 to 2010 using time series InSAR technique." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W4 (June 26, 2015): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w4-181-2015.
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Because of over-exploration of groundwater for a long time, Jiaxing region, northeast of Zhejiang province has suffering serious ground subsidence during the past several decades. In this paper, we investigate the time series InSAR technique for the generation of subsidence maps over Jiaxing region. 25 ENVISAT ASAR images acquired from Jan 2006 to Aug 2010 are used. The results show that serious subsidence has taken place in Xiuzhou district, Jiashan county, Pinghu county and Haiyan county. 4 subsidence centers, namely Huanggu town in Pinghu, Wangjiangting town in Xiuzhou, Tianning townin Jiashan, and Wuyuan town in Haiyan. 3 obvious subsidence belts are distributed in Jiaxing. Meanwhile in Tongxiang county, Haining county and Nanhu district, there is relatively seldom subsidence. The results are compared with 35 levelling measurements. The standard deviation of the error between the two data is 4.25 mm/year, which demonstrate that time series InSAR technique has good accuracy for subsidence monitoring in Zhejiang province, southeast of China, covered with lots of vegetation and waters.
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URA, Ryoichi, Chihoko SHIMOKOBE, Masamitsu OGIWARA, Yasuyoshi HAYASHI, Haruyoshi YAMADA, Masanori AZUMA, Masaaki KAWASHIMA, Terukazu TAKESHITA, and Shigetomo KIKUCHI. "The Present Condition and the Improvement Process of the Housing in the Agricultural Villages on Nigsho Plain in Zhejiang Sheng, China (2)." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 3, no. 4 (1985): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.3.4_29.
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Zhao, Xingshu, and Axel Michaelowa. "CDM potential for rural transition in China case study: Options in Yinzhou district, Zhejiang province." Energy Policy 34, no. 14 (September 2006): 1867–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.01.004.
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Shergold, J. H. "Review of trilobite biofacies distributions at the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary." Geological Magazine 125, no. 4 (July 1988): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013030.
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AbstractDetailed analysis of trilobite assemblages at the Cambrian–Tremadoc transition reveals the presence of four, possibly five, biogeographic provinces: Baltic, North China, Southeast China, North American, and possibly Siberian. One or more discrete biofacies characterize the transition in each province. When plotted palaeogeographically these appear to be largely temperature controlled. Interdigitation of provincialized trilobite biofacies is recognized by the representation of dominant types of trilobite, olenaceans, ceratopygaceans, remopleuridaceans, dikelocephalaceans and leio-stegiaceans in particular, on key boundary sections. These sections, at Nochixtlán, Mexico; Batyrbay, southern Kazakhstan; Broken Skull River, District of Mackenzie, Canada; and Jiangshan–Chang-shan, western Zhejiang, China, permit the correlation of biogeographic provinces globally. As a result of the application of trilobite biostratigraphy relatively few problems prevent the maintenance of a Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary stratotype section in its traditional Baltic biogeographic setting.
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Wu, H. A., Y. H. Zhang, G. F. Luo, Y. K. Kang, and Y. M. Zhu. "MONITORING GROUND SUBSIDENCE IN AREAS COVERED BY DENSE VEGETATION USING TERRASAR-X IMAGES: A CASE STUDY OF HANGZHOU." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 17, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-55-2016.
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Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province has suffered serious ground subsidence during the past several decades, due to long term over-exploration of groundwater. In this paper, the time series InSAR technique using high resolution SAR images is investigated for the generation of subsidence maps over Hangzhou region. 29 TerraSAR-X images acquired from May 2012 to Sep 2015 are used. The results show that serious subsidence has mainly taken place in suburban area, including Yuhang district, Xiaoshan district and Binjiang district. 4 subsidence centers are discovered, namely Tangqi town in Yuhang with an average subsiding velocity of -29.6 mm/year, Xintang (-30.7 mm/year) in Xiaoshan, Zhujiaqiao town (-25.6mm/year) in Xiaoshan, and Miaohouwang town (-30.1mm/year) in Binjiang. The urban area is stable and ground rebound even take place in some places. The results are compared with 19 levelling measurements. The RMS error between them is 2.9 mm/year, which demonstrates that the high resolution TerraSAR-X images has good accuracy for subsidence monitoring in the southeast of China, covered by dense vegetation.
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Wu, H. A., Y. H. Zhang, G. F. Luo, Y. K. Kang, and Y. M. Zhu. "MONITORING GROUND SUBSIDENCE IN AREAS COVERED BY DENSE VEGETATION USING TERRASAR-X IMAGES: A CASE STUDY OF HANGZHOU." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 17, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-55-2016.
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Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province has suffered serious ground subsidence during the past several decades, due to long term over-exploration of groundwater. In this paper, the time series InSAR technique using high resolution SAR images is investigated for the generation of subsidence maps over Hangzhou region. 29 TerraSAR-X images acquired from May 2012 to Sep 2015 are used. The results show that serious subsidence has mainly taken place in suburban area, including Yuhang district, Xiaoshan district and Binjiang district. 4 subsidence centers are discovered, namely Tangqi town in Yuhang with an average subsiding velocity of -29.6 mm/year, Xintang (-30.7 mm/year) in Xiaoshan, Zhujiaqiao town (-25.6mm/year) in Xiaoshan, and Miaohouwang town (-30.1mm/year) in Binjiang. The urban area is stable and ground rebound even take place in some places. The results are compared with 19 levelling measurements. The RMS error between them is 2.9 mm/year, which demonstrates that the high resolution TerraSAR-X images has good accuracy for subsidence monitoring in the southeast of China, covered by dense vegetation.
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Ao, Guiyan, Qianqian Xu, Qiang Liu, Lichun Xiong, Fengting Wang, and Weiguang Wu. "The Influence of Nontimber Forest Products Development on the Economic–Ecological Coordination—Evidence from Lin’an District, Zhejiang Province, China." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020904.
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The influence of the nontimber forest products (NTFPs) on the coordinated economic and ecological development has received considerable attention, where the results are mixed. This study took Lin’an District in Zhejiang Province of China as an example for analysis. Using long-term (more than 40 years) data, system coupling and autoregressive distributed lag models were combined to analyze the effect of NTFP development on coordinated economic–ecological development. The results show that large-scale commercial NTFP development positively affected coordinated economic–ecological development, and a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between them existed. The degree of regional economic–ecological coupling increased from 0.05 in 1978 to 0.98 in 2019, and both area and value of NTFP had a significant effect on the coupling degree at the 5% level. These findings indicate that NTFP development is an effective method to promote the coordinated development of the economy and ecological environment especially in mountain areas, and the government should encourage NTFP development by ecological management, strengthening policy guidance, and providing technological innovation support, etc.
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Chou, Lula. "The Conservation of China’s Historical Sites under Rapid Urbanization in the Case of Xixing District." Resourceedings 2, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i2.608.
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During the rapid growth of the nation in the last half-century, China has experienced extreme urbanization and class polarization. As a result, historical districts and cultural centers are rapidly vanishing. To survey the question of how to conserve historical monuments in the midst of cities’ fast development that can protect the community, preserve significant memories, and promote the authenticity for future generations. This paper will examine a specific case study in Hangzhou's historical district in China that advances through historical research, field study, residential interviews, suggestions in governmental policy, and revitalization proposals. Through a one-week intensified investigation in the neighborhood under the collaboration of Zhejiang University, University of Tokyo, and University，I was honored to participate in this international academic event, “Learning from Place.” Through a series of surveying and mapping, drawing and modeling, planning and designing, and under the guidance of professors and team collaboration, we students involved in a discussion of the current city issues and organized primary solutions to the problems. The conclusion we have come to an agreement is that it is possible to achieve a compatible environment that incorporates modern facilities into historical conditions, in which harmonizes urban development and cultural conservation, and balance economic advancement and social benefit.
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Wang, Jinwei, Beiyan Bao, Peng Shen, Guilan Kong, Yu Yang, Xiaoyu Sun, Guohui Ding, et al. "Using electronic health record data to establish a chronic kidney disease surveillance system in China: protocol for the China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET)-Yinzhou Study." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030102.
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IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem worldwide. However, there are few active disease surveillance systems for it. The China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) was established as a comprehensive surveillance system for CKD using various data sources. As part of this, the proposed CK-NET-Yinzhou study aims to build a regional surveillance system in a developed coastal area in China to obtain detailed dynamic information about kidney disease and to improve the ability to manage the disease effectively.Methods and analysisYinzhou is a district of Ningbo city, Zhejiang province. The district has a population of more than 1 million. By 2016, 98% were registered in a regional health information system that started in 2009. This system includes administrative databases containing general demographic characteristics, health check information, inpatient and outpatient electronic medical records, health insurance information, disease surveillance and management information, and death certificates. We will use longitudinal individual electronic health record data to identify people with CKD by repeated laboratory measurements and diagnostic codes. We will also evaluate the associated risk factors, prognosis and disease management. An intelligent clinical decision support system (CDSS) will be developed based on clinical guidelines, domain expert knowledge and real-world data, and will be integrated into the hospital information system.Ethics and disseminationThe CK-NET-Yinzhou study has been reviewed and approved by the Peking University First Hospital Ethics Committee. Privacy of local residents registered with the health information system will be tightly protected through the study process. The findings of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles, posters and presentations in national and international scientific conferences, as well as among local practitioners through the CDSS.
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Zhu, You-cai, Wen xian Wang, Chunwei Xu, Gang Lan, Huafei Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Zhanqiang Zhai, Lichao Huang, Kaiqi Du, and Meiyu Fang. "Community-based practice of early lung cancer screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography in Jiaxing city from Zhejiang Province." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e13557-e13557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13557.
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e13557 Background: As one of the most frequent malignant tumors in China, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer remain high. Early diagnosis and normative treatment is the key to improve the prognosis of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the practice of early lung cancer screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) based on the current situation in community health service, with integration of superior resources of medical institutions at all levels in Jiaxing City from Zhejiang Province. Methods: From Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2019, we screened 13491 (male 8783, female 4708) individuals high-risk population in selected communities of Nanhu District, Pinghu County and Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province, for early diagnosis of lung cancer with low-dose spiral CT combined with multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment models including minimally invasive surgery, exploring the medical service network covering prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up. Results: Screening resulted in a diagnosis of cancer in 27 participants. Of these participants, 24 cases of primary lung cancer, 1 case of lung metastasis, 1 case of breast cancer, 1 case of thyroid cancer. The morbidity of primary lung cancer is 224.53×10-5. There were 20 cases of Stage 0-Ⅰlung cancer accounting for 83.33% of all diagnosed primary lung cancer. Conclusions: Based on community health service, screening with LDCT could improve the early diagnosis rate of lung cancer in both smokers and nonsmokers with feasibility and validity, which could be applicable in qualified eligible medical centers and communities in China. It is not reasonable to exclude nonsmokers from screening with LDCT.
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Ma, Teng Fei, Chuan Hai Wang, and Xian Min Zeng. "Data Processing in Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Long-Term Precipitation in Taihu Basin during 1951-2006." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.569.
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Spatial-Temporal structure and trend of annual/flood season precipitation over the Taihu Basin, which is one of the most developed regions in China, were analyzed in this paper, based on the dataset during 1951-2006. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was employed to detect the trend, while the EOF and REOF methods were used to analyze the structure. The result showed that the annual rainfall distribution is decreased from southwest Zhexi district to northeast Wuchengxiyu and Yangchengdianmao districts, while the summer distribution is decreased from southwest to southeast Hangjiahu and Pudong distircts. The annual/flood season average precipitation of Taihu basin was on a downward trend (not significant) during 1951-2006. There was a significant decline trend in the Zhexi District, and the most significant downward trend appears in the Moganshan station, the Mann-Kendall slope of which is 6.5mm/a. Annual precipitation space distribution of Taihu basin is mainly characterized in two forms: north-south opposite distribution and east-west opposite distribution, both of the maximum rainfall appeared at Tianmu Mountain in the west of Zhejiang, and the minimum appeared at Danyang/Shanghai.
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Zhao, Qian, and Yeonjeong Park. "Research on the Impact of Historic District Regeneration on Residents’ Living Environment - A Case Study of Ouyuan Historic District, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, China -." Journal of the Korean Housing Association 32, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2021.32.4.027.
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Li, Mingshi, Zhiliang Zhu, James E. Vogelmann, Da Xu, Weisong Wen, and Anxing Liu. "Characterizing fragmentation of the collective forests in southern China from multitemporal Landsat imagery: A case study from Kecheng district of Zhejiang province." Applied Geography 31, no. 3 (July 2011): 1026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.02.004.
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Dong, Chen, Yuling Chen, Xiongwei Lou, Zhiqiang Min, and Jieyong Bao. "Site Quality Classification Models of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations Using Rough Set and Random Forest West of Zhejiang Province, China." Forests 13, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081312.
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The site quality evaluation of plantations has consistently been the focus in matching tree species with sites. This paper studied the site quality of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in Lin’an District, Zhejiang Province, China. The site quality model was constructed using the algebraic difference approach (ADA) to classify the site quality grades. The rough set algorithm was used to screen out the key site factors affecting the site rank of Chinese fir plantations. Site quality classification models based on random forest were established, and the importance of key site factors was evaluated. The results are as follows. The random forest model based on the rough set algorithm had small scale and low complexity, and the training and testing accuracies of the model were 92.47% and 78.46%, respectively, which were better than the model without attribute reduction. The most important factors affecting Chinese fir growth in the study area were the slope aspect, slope grade, and canopy closure. The least important factors were the humus layer thickness, soil layer thickness, naturalness, and stand origin. The attribute reduction method proposed in this study overcame the subjectivity of traditional site factor selection, and the site quality classification model constructed improved the model accuracy and reduced the complexity of the algorithm. The methods used in this study can be extended to other tree species to provide a basis for matching tree species with sites and to improve the level of forest management in the future.
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Li, Liusong, Weichao Jin, Meiyan Shen, Li Yang, Fei Chen, Lei Wang, Chao Zhu, Haiwei Xie, Yating Li, and Tianhan Zhang. "Coordinated Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Considering the Differences of Multiple Functional Areas." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102103.
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A large amount of wind turbine power and photovoltaic power is abandoned in many areas with abundant renewable energy due to thermal-electric coupling, inadequate local consumption capacity, and limited capacity of transmission lines, etc. To solve the above problems, a coordinated dispatching method for integrated energy systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the spatiotemporal characteristics of diversified loads in multiple functional areas are introduced, including the inertia and elasticity of heating/cooling loads, the spatiotemporal distribution of electric vehicles, and the optimum transmission distance of diversified loads, etc. Secondly, a coordinated dispatching model of integrated energy systems is proposed, which considers the differences of multiple functional areas and various forms of energy systems. Finally, an actual distribution system in Jianshan District, Haining, Zhejiang Province of China is investigated for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results illustrate that the proposed model could effectively improve the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce the volatility of renewable energy by considering the coordination of electric vehicles, tie lines, and heating/cooling systems in multiple functional areas.
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Li, Dongliang, Rujia Zhang, Chun Chen, Yunyun Huang, Xiaoyi Wang, Qingren Yang, Xuebo Zhu, Xiangyang Zhang, Mo Hao, and Liming Shui. "Developing a Capsule Clinic—A 24-Hour Institution for Improving Primary Health Care Accessibility: Evidence From China." JMIR Medical Informatics 11 (January 9, 2023): e41212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/41212.
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Telehealth is an effective combination of medical service and intelligent technology. It can improve the problem of remote access to medical care. However, an imbalance in the allocation of health resources still occurs. People spend more time and money to access higher-quality services, which results in inequitable access to primary health care (PHC). At the same time, patients’ usage of telehealth services is limited by the equipment and their own knowledge, and the PHC service suffers from low usage efficiency and lack of service supply. Therefore, improving PHC accessibility is crucial to narrowing the global health care coverage gap and maintaining health equity. In recent years, China has explored several new approaches to improve PHC accessibility. One such approach is the capsule clinic, an emerging institution that represents an upgraded version of the internet hospital. In coordination with the United Nations, the Yinzhou district of Ningbo city in Zhejiang, China, has been testing this new model since 2020. As of October 2022, the number of applications in Ningbo was 15, and the number of users reached 12,219. Unlike internet hospitals, the entire process—from diagnosis to prescription services—can be completed at the capsule clinic. The 24-hour telehealth service could also solve transportation problems and save time for users. Big data analysis can accurately identify regional populations’ PHC service needs and improve efficiency in health resource allocation. The user-friendly, low-cost, and easily accessible telehealth model is of great significance. Installation of capsule clinics would improve PHC accessibility and resolve the uneven distribution of health resources to promote health equity.
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Li, Yurong, Yuanyuan Jiang, Junying Lin, Dongfei Wang, Chunli Wang, and Fenjuan Wang. "Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among individuals aged 18 years and above in Xiaoshan District, China, 2018: a community-based cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e049754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049754.
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ObjectiveWith the rapid development of the Chinese economy, Xiaoshan District, Zhejiang Province has experienced urbanisation, population ageing and significant lifestyle changes, so diabetes mellitus (DM) has attracted more attention. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of DM and its risk factors among individuals aged 18 years and above in the district.Study design and methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Xiaoshan, China from 1 March to 31 August 2018. A multistage sampling method was used. Sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics were collected using a combination of centralised surveys and household surveys. Anthropometric parameters were measured with standardised techniques and calibrated equipment. Venous blood samples were obtained after at least 8 hours of fasting to determine the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood lipids. A standard 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was also given if 6.1 mmol/L≤FBG<7.0 mmol/L. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associated factors of DM.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DM was 12.47%, and the proportion of previously undiagnosed DM (UDM) was 48.66%. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 10.92%. Age, family history of DM (FHDM), obesity, abdominal obesity, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly associated with DM.ConclusionsThis study found a high prevalence of DM and pre-diabetes, especially a high prevalence of UDM among adults. The associated risk factors identified for DM were age, FHDM, obesity, abdominal obesity, SBP, TG and HDL-C.
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Yi, Xiangyu, Jinchao Li, Yunna Wu, and Wenjun Chen. "Power energy system sustainability performance evaluation and improving path of two regional economic circle in China." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912203004.
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The power energy system is the foundation of the sustainable development of the human society and has an important impact on the economic, environmental and security of human society development. This paper first establishes the input and output evaluation index system of sustainable development capability of power energy system from the economic, social, environmental and security dimensions, and then uses the CCR-DEA model considering the undesired output and Malmquist index to dynamically measure the sustainable development efficiency of the power system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta from 2005 to 2016 and decompose the corresponding items. The future development situation was analyzed through scenario analysis. The results show that: (1) Beijing and Shanghai is better than that in other provinces and cities in the same region, showing an upward trend; (2) The changes in the efficiency of sustainable development of power energy systems in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces are mainly caused by technical efficiency changes. That in Tianjin, Hebei and Jiangsu are from two aspects: technical efficiency and scale efficiency; (3) The sustainable development capacity of the power system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle is higher than that of the Yangtze river delta power system, and this gap has the tendency of further widening according to the strategic development plan of the two regional power energy systems; (4) In the future, China's regional electric energy system development plans should draw on the energy development strategic plan of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, especially the Xiong'an National New District, so as to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of power energy systems in various regions.
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Qiu, Mubing. "Objects of the Funerary Cult in the Han Dynasty. Gold and Silver Items. Aesthetics of Gold and Silver in the Han Dynasty." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 18, no. 4 (September 10, 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2022-18-4-19-28.
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The unification of China under the rule of the Han Dynasty and the subsequent prosperity of the state inevitably led to a sharp increase in the production of gold and silver items. The emperors of the Western Han Dynasty often rewarded officials who had served with gold to the extent that cast gold discs and gold bars were included in circulation. Looking at the gold and silver items that archaeologists find in the tombs of the Han period makes one see the superiority of utensils in this era over the items of previous periods both in quantity and in their typology, and possibly in terms of manufacturing complexity. Having become an independent craft, separate from traditional bronze casting, it strongly influenced the art of subsequent Chinese dynasties. Gilding technologies appeared in China as early as the early Zhanguo period. This highly commendable art used in the decoration of bronze, which was densely covered with gold, reached its maturity in the pre-Qin period and gained popularity during the Han Dynasty. Most importantly, in the Han Dynasty, the fine art of decorating with silver and gold reached a new, higher level and, no longer being part of the bronze casting craft, received independent development. Silver utensils of the Han period are found evenly throughout the territory of modern China. Silver caskets, funnel-shaped vessels and many ornaments were found in the tombs of the Jing king, Liu Sheng, in Zhongshan, the Huai king, Liu Xiu, and the Mu king, Liu Chan, in the same city district. Gold and silver vessels are evidence of the development of the art of working with gold and silver. Silver and gold vessels that archaeologists find in the graves of the highest tribal nobility of the Han Dynasty not only speak of the high level of this industry in the Han Dynasty but also testify to a unique culture and help us better understand the society of this time.
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Li, Fei-Ping, Mei-Xian Zhang, Li-Jun Wang, Xiao-Liang Zhu, Liang-Xue Sun, Zhi-Xia Chen, Wei-Ying Chen, et al. "Design and Implementation of Taizhou Integrated Prostate Screening." American Journal of Men's Health 16, no. 6 (November 2022): 155798832211381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221138192.
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A community-based prostate cancer screening program was conducted to assess the morbidity and associated factors for prostate cancer among the subpopulation of men aged ≥50 years in Taizhou, China. Taizhou Integrated Prostate Screening (TIPS) is a large, observational, population-based study of prostate cancer screening data based on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations. A pilot census of all male residents aged 50 years or older was conducted in Luqiao District, one of the field sites of the TIPS cohort in the city of Taizhou, Zhejiang. The interviewer-administered questionnaire evaluated demographic characteristics and environmental exposure factors. A total of 1,806 out of 3,516 participants completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of PSA ≥4 ng/mL was 11.5%, and included participants at low risk (9.2%), moderate risk (1.7%), and high risk (0.6%). Participants aged 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years had a 2.7-fold, 4.2-fold, and 6.5-fold higher risk of elevated PSA, respectively, in comparison with those aged 50 to 59 years ( p < .001). Eighteen patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer, of whom 11 (61.1%) underwent radical surgery. This community-based PSA screening program indicated the results for early detection of prostate cancer among men aged ≥50 years. Early screening and appropriate clinical therapy for the management of prostate cancer are essential in this subpopulation.
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Krupa, Kazimierz W. "Ekonomiczne i technologiczne strefy rozwoju Chin (kwantyfikacja, stratyfikacja, metodyka)." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 17 (January 1, 2011): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.17.8.
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As a result of the new economic policy, fourteen Economic and Technological Development Zones (ETDZs) were established in twelve coastal cities between 1984 and 1988. The first ETDZs were Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Minhang (Shanghai), Hongqiao (Shanghai), Caohejing (Shanghai), Ningbo, Fuzhou, Guangzhou and Zhanjiang. Unlike Special Economic Zone (SEZ), an ETDZ is located in the suburban area of a major city. Special policies are adopted within the ETDZ. An administrative committee, normally selected by the local government, oversees economic and social management in the zones on behalf of the local government. The category ‘SEZ’ covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others. The second wave of expansion of ETDZs was led by the establishment of Pudong New District in Shanghai in 1990. This decision was aimed at elevating the status of Shanghai, making it the “Dragon Head” of the Yangtze River Delta Region, which comprises of Shanghai and parts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Prior to the establishment of this new district, the Pearl River Delta Region – comprising nine cities in Guangdong – was the forerunner of China’s open door policy. However, unlike Guangdong, which lies at the south-eastern coast of China, Shanghai’s economic development will have more impact on China’s vast hinterland. Between 1992 and 1993, a total of eighteen state-level ETDZs were established – Yingkou, Changchun, Shenyang, Harbin, Weihai, Kunshan, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Wenzhou, Rongqiao, Dongshan, Guangzhou Nansha, Huizhou Daya Bay, Wuhu, Wuhan, Chongqing, Beijing and Urumchi. Two special projects were added later. Founded in 1993, the Ningbo Daxie Development Zone is an investment by China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC), and comes under its management. The other special project is the Suzhou Industrial Park, which was founded in 1994, and is a joint cooperation between the governments of China and Singapore. After 2000, in an effort to fuel the development of the Central and Western regions, the central government also endorsed the establishment of a further eleven national ETDZs in inland regions. Up till now, China has a total of fifty-four state-level ETDZs – thirty-two in coastal regions, and twenty-two in the hinterland. The region of Hong Kong has a role and status of innovation. The planners in this unique part of East Asia expect that some new concepts can help the former British colony to embrace a new economic model: a model in which design, marketing and branding play the crucial role in economy.
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卢, 威陶. "Discussion on the Protection, Management and Development of Ancient and Famous Trees in China—Taking the Ancient and Famous Trees in the Main District of Taizhou, Zhejiang as an Example." International Journal of Ecology 09, no. 01 (2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ije.2020.91007.
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Wang, Xiangbin, and Quan Zhu. "Influencing Factors of Traditional Village Protection and Development from the Perspective of Resilience Theory." Land 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122314.
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In the process of urbanization in China, traditional villages are facing many challenges and impacts which impose certain constraints on their sustainable development. Based on the perspective of resilience theory, this paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to construct a complex causal model of traditional village conservation and development, conducts an empirical study on 28 national traditional villages in Liandu District and Qingyuan County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, and analyzes four high-level history paths by using fsQCA3.0 software (Developed by the American scholar Charles Ragin et al.), based on which four traditional conservation and development models are proposed and concretized into different conservation and development strategies for different village types. The research analysis shows that (1) resilience theory is applicable to the study of traditional village conservation and development, and has certain relevance and can effectively improve the response ability of traditional villages to uncertainty risks; (2) The framework of traditional village protection and development is based on landscape environmental protection, guaranteed by village industry development, and supported by other influencing factors (natural disaster response, social organization, and cultural heritage); (3) under the perspective of resilience theory, there are four models of traditional village conservation and development (JSC model, Z&C model, J&W model, and S&C model), which have good explanatory power and coverage and can address the real problems of different village types in a targeted manner.
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Xu, Wenbing, Zihao Fang, Suying Fan, and Susu Deng. "Evaluation of the Moso Bamboo Age Determination Based on Laser Echo Intensity." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112550.
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Determination of bamboo age is an important task for bamboo forest management and bamboo utilization. However, the bamboo age is usually manually determined in the field, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Due to the ability to generate very high-density point clouds, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been applied in forestry to acquire forest parameters. This study evaluated the potential of using the laser echo intensity data generated by TLS technology to determine the Moso bamboo age represented by “du.” The intensity data were first corrected for the distance and incidence angle effects using an intensity correction method that constructed an empirical correction model by fitting piecewise polynomials to the intensity data collected based on a reference target. Then the models expressing the relationship between intensity and bamboo culm section number were constructed for different bamboo du by fitting polynomials to the intensity data of individual bamboo culms through least-squares adjustment. For a bamboo plant whose age is determined, the bamboo du could be determined based on the constructed intensity-culm section models. The proposed bamboo age determination method was tested at a site in a managed Moso bamboo forest in Lin’an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. From the test site, 56 and 120 bamboo plants with known bamboo ages were selected to construct the intensity-culm section models and to validate the bamboo age determination method, respectively. The bamboo age determination accuracies for each bamboo du were all above 90%. The result indicates a great potential for automatic determination of bamboo age in practice using TLS technology.
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Yamamoto, Hajime. "Aerial Surveys and Geographic Information in Modern China." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-414-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Today when online satellite images are just a click away, access to geographic information showing the latest images of the globe has dramatically expanded, and historico-geographic research based on such information is flourishing. However, in the study of Chinese history, historical research employing GIS or similar technologies is still in its infancy, since “historical” geographic information with a high degree of precision are lacking. From within the ambit of Chinese geographic information, this report specifically highlights aerial surveys effected during the Republic of China era. To start, we review the history of domestic aerial surveys during R. O. C. period. Then, focusing on Nanjing as an example, we proceed to introduce maps that were actually created based on aerial surveys.</p><p>Chinese aerial surveys date back to around 1930. At the Nationalist Party’s General Assembly in 1929, partisans proposed for the need for aerial surveys. In 1930, the “Aerial Photography and Survey Research Team” was formed within the General Land Survey Department at General Staff Headquarters (National Army of the Republic of China). Consequently, foreign technicians were invited to provide relevant education/training. In June 1931, China’s pioneer initiative in aerial photography took place in Zhejiang province. The aim of aerial surveys in those early days was to create maps for military purposes. Between 1932 and 1939, topographic maps of fortifications located in areas such as the Jiangnan district were prepared. Further, starting from around the same period until the Sino-Japanese War, land registry maps based on aerial surveys were also produced. After the Sino-Japanese War ended, the above-mentioned directorate handed over responsibility for aerial surveys to the Naval General Staff. However, in 1949 the Chinese Communist Party confiscated the maps theretofore produced.</p><p>Although the aerial photographs and the geographic information produced therefrom during the R. O. C. era were seized by the People’s Republic of China, in actuality, some had previously been transferred to Taiwan. The topographic maps of the Nanjing metropolitan area (一萬分一南京城廂附近圖), based on aerial surveys and drawn in 1932, are currently archived at Academia Historica in Taipei. Comprising a total of 16 sheets, these maps were drawn on a scale of 1:10,000 by the General Land Survey Department.</p><p>Similarly, other maps (各省分幅地形圖) produced by the General Land Survey Department, comprising a total of 56 sheets and partly detailing Nanjing, are now in the possession of Academia Sinica in Taipei. There was no information about photographing or making in these maps. But almost the same maps were archived at Library of Congress in Washington D. C. According to those maps at LC, based on aerial photographs taken and surveys conducted in 1933, these topographic maps (1:10,000 scale) were completed in 1936.</p><p>The examples introduced above are topographic maps based on aerial photography. However, starting in 1937, land registry maps were also created. Detailing the outskirts of Nanjing (1:1,000 scale) and comprising a total of 121 sheets, they are now archived at Academia Historica. While the land registry maps were produced in 1937, supplementary surveys were effected following the Sino-Japanese War in 1947.</p><p>Since the geographic information based on aerial surveys during the R. O. C. era in China were precise, they can serve as a source of manifold information. This report only delved into information developed by the Government of the R. O. C., but it is becoming evident that U. S. Armed Forces and Japan also produced geographic information of their own based on aerial surveys. If the comprehensive panorama captured by all three protagonists can be illuminated, further advances in Chinese historico-geographic studies employing geographic information will be forthcoming.</p>
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Yang, Huansong, Huizhen Huang, Pingping Liu, and Jiangnan Yang. "RESEARCH ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTICE OF WECHAT PUBLIC PLATFORM TEACHING RESOURCES BASED ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION — TAKING PRIMARY SCHOOL FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) CURRICULUM AS AN EXAMPLE." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A14—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.019.
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Abstract Background Nowadays, wechat applications are very popular in China. Through the text, pictures, sound and video on the wechat official account platform, all-round communication between individuals and between individuals and the media has been realized. Wechat official account platform is an important functional module of wechat application. On this platform, enterprises and individuals can create an official account to communicate and interact with specific users. Its forms of communication and interaction are very diverse, including text, sound, pictures, pictures, text messages and videos. This paper applies the wechat official account platform to foreign language (English) teaching for primary school students. Developed foreign language (English) learning resources suitable for wechat official account platform. Subjects and Methods 330 public primary school teachers were investigated by stratified sampling, including the experimental primary school in F City, the First Affiliated Primary School of s Normal University and the experimental primary school in district a of F City. From the deep understanding of the wechat official account platform, the strong support for the wechat official account platform, the diverse forms of the wechat official account platform, the diverse contents of the wechat official account platform, and the diversity of the wechat official account platform, we conducted a questionnaire survey, and realized the implementation of the wechat official account and the practical teaching resource platform from the perspective of psychology. In addition, the study also found that foreign language anxiety was negatively correlated with foreign language achievement. Similarly, there is a significant negative correlation between foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy. State anxiety, trait anxiety and foreign language learning anxiety are all positively correlated. The “anxiety” component of learners' personality characteristics plays a great role in the generation of foreign language learning anxiety. The correlation coefficient between LCAS and trait anxiety was 0.408, while the correlation coefficient between LCAS and state anxiety was 0.395. Both reached a significant level (P < 0.01). Self efficacy is positively correlated with foreign language achievement. Research shows that foreign language anxiety, gender and self-efficacy can be used as comprehensive variables to measure foreign language learning achievement. Results Based on the teaching concept of “teacher led and student-centered”, the traditional classroom teaching and network assisted learning were combined. Through the primary school foreign language (English) learning resource platform based on wechat official account platform \ primary school foreign language (English) reading resource platform based on wechat official account platform \ primary school foreign language (English) counseling and Q & a platform based on wechat official account platform, Let students realize resource-based autonomous learning in order to achieve the best effect of foreign language learning. Conclusion From the survey data, the teachers of the surveyed schools have realized the advantages of oral English teaching on wechat public platform. Wechat public platform has built a bridge for communication between teachers and students and realized free dialogue between teachers and students. Therefore, the platform has become an oral English training base. Carry out students' English teaching and develop English learning resources suitable for wechat public platform. Based on the concept of “double master”, these two teaching methods are combined with traditional classroom teaching and network assisted learning. Based on wechat public primary school English learning resource platform, wechat public primary school English reading resource platform or wechat public primary school English counseling platform, let primary school students realize autonomous learning and optimize primary school English learning. Acknowledgements This project is supported by Zhejiang Industry-Education Integration Engineering Base (Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission society [2020] No. 319).
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van de Weijer, Jeroen, Marjoleine Sloos, and Yunyun Ran. "Huangyan Taizhou." Journal of the International Phonetic Association, October 28, 2021, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100321000189.
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Huangyan dialect (, local name: [wɔ̤ɲjɛ˜̤wa̤]) is a variety of Taizhou dialect () as spoken in Zhejiang Province in China1 (see Figure 1).2 Huangyan District had a population of 616,000 people in 2019.3 The Zhejiang Taizhou dialect belongs to the Wu dialect group, which forms the second largest dialect group in China (after Mandarin). The language genealogy of Huangyan is presented in Figure 2. Wu dialects are spoken in the city of Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, southern Jiangsu Province and bordering areas (see Figure 3), an area with an estimated population of 80 million people in 2013 (Lewis 2009). The Wu dialects are not mutually intelligible with (Standard) Mandarin and often not even with each other (Norman 2003, Wang 2014).
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Zhang, Qinchen. "Regional inequality of resident income and its determinants: A case study of Zhejiang Province, China." GeoJournal, June 20, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10456-9.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on the regional inequality of resident income in local China at the county or district level, and Zhejiang Province is set as the empirical case. It takes a geographic approach to detect the spatial distribution pattern of resident income, and explore the relationship with regional-specific socio-economic factors. The analytical framework proposed by us has been proved appropriate by the case study. Our study results show that in terms of the resident income level, there exists great regional gap in Zhejiang with the northeast wealthy cluster and much poorer cluster in the southwest. The disposable income of residents is mainly determined by commerce prosperity, urban intensity and technological capacity of local areas, while the effect of regional income, household deposits and industrial production are much less or no significant. Our findings for Zhejiang lead us to suggest that those local states seeking to improve people’s livelihood and income should not solely rely on the industrial or manufacturing expansion, but pay more attention to business environment, urban construction and indigenous innovation. Also, to narrow the significant regional gap of resident income, extra efforts should be made to push the regional cooperation system in economic development.
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Zhao, Xingshu, and Axel Michaelowa. "CDM Potential for Rural Transition in China Case Study: Options in Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.576921.
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Huang, Chaoqiang, Kangqi Zhu, Yibing Feng, Luya Lian, Haihua Zhu, and Jian Hu. "Related Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries in Zhejiang Province, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (September 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.879955.
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ObjectivesThis work aims to examining the latest early childhood caries situation in children aged 3 and 5 and its related risk factors in Zhejiang Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodThere are 3,537 children and their main caregivers participate in this study. We used chi square test or U-test to analyze whether there were differences in the prevalence of dental caries under different variables. The risk factors on ECC were determined by multivariate logistic analysis.ResultsThe ECC rate of children in this study was 57.51%. The mean decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) scores were 3.01. The result of multivariate logistic analysis showed higher ECC prevalence was found in children as age increasing, with lower district economic level, with high frequency of confectionary consumption, having oral medical treatment behavior and bad evaluation of children's oral health by parents.ConclusionIn general, the prevalence rate of ECC in this study was lower than five years ago, but still higher than those developed countries. And it was associated with age, district economic level, frequency of confectionary consumption, oral medical treatment behavior and evaluation of children's oral health by parents.
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"Megacopta cribraria. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.December (August 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20153427320.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius). Hemiptera: Plataspidae. Hosts: soyabean (Glycine max) and other legumes, kudzu vine (Pueraria montana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Macau, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), North America (USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Colombia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia), Oceania (New Caledonia).
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Yang, Zong-ming, Meng-yin Wu, Jie-ming Lu, Tie-zheng Li, Peng Shen, Meng-ling Tang, Ming-juan Jin, et al. "Effect of COVID-19 on hospital visits in Ningbo, China: an interrupted time-series analysis." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 33, no. 2 (April 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzab078.
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Abstract Objective Unprecedented rigorous public health measures were implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, but it is still unclear how the intervention influenced hospital visits for different types of diseases. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the intervention on hospital visits in Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China. Methods We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis from 1 January 2017 to 6 September 2020 based on the Yinzhou Health Information System in Ningbo, Zhejiang province. The beginning of the intervention was on 23 January 2020, and thus, there were 160 weeks before the intervention and 32 weeks after the implementation of the intervention. Level changes between expected and observed hospital visits in the post-intervention period were estimated using quasi-Poisson regression models. Results Compared with the expected level, there was an estimated decrease of −22.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): −27.53%, −17.36%) in the observed total hospital visits following the intervention. Observed hospital visits for diseases of the respiratory system were found to be decreased dramatically (−62.25%; 95% CI: −65.62%, −58.60%). However, observed hospital visits for certain diseases were estimated to be increased, including diseases of the nervous system (+11.17%; 95% CI: +3.21%, +19.74%); diseases of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (+27.01%; 95% CI: +17.89%, +36.85%); certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (+45.05%; 95% CI: +30.24%, +61.56%); and congenital malformation deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (+35.50%; 95% CI: +21.24%, +51.45%). Conclusions Our findings provided scientific evidence that cause-specific hospital visits evolve differently following the intervention during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Huang, Zhongjing, and HuanChun Chen. "From government to governance: School coalition for promoting educational quality and equity in China." Policy Futures in Education, August 16, 2021, 147821032110349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14782103211034986.
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The major aim of recent school education reform in China is to improve educational equity and quality. This paper aims to explore a collaborative reform in a school district in Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province. The major focus of the reform has been a change of school management from “government” to “governance,” which is a shift from individual school effort to multi-school collaboration, from a single point development to a regional ecological development, as well as from loose development to excellence and equality development. Under such reform and through the school coalition among all schools within the district, high-quality and balanced development of the regional education has been promoted. Reform strategies in the school coalition studied include enhancing educational equity within the coalition; coordinating multiple powers; upholding educational quality by a shared curriculum; putting in extra resources to release school burdens; improving the quality of the teaching force; and developing an evidence-based comprehensive assessment system. The results of such changes not only promote teacher professional development but also meet students’ individual needs and growth. The schools involved in the collaborative endeavor have all earned support and recognition from parents, respect from the bureau, and a good reputation, and have improved competitiveness in Hangzhou.
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"Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.December (August 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20113409548.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: rice (Oryza sativa) and many wild grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Mainland Italy), Asia (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi and Zhejiang, China; Assam, India; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago and Shikoku, Japan; Korea Democratic Peoplés Republic; Korea Republic; and Taiwan), North America (Alberta, Canada; Mexico; and Arkansas, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia and Washington, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Cuba and Dominican Republic) and South America (Colombia, Suriname and Venezuela).
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"Halyomorpha halys. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.December (July 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20143031651.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Hemiptera: Pentatomidae. Hosts: polyphagous on fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan), North America (Canada, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alabama, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming).
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"Ceroplastes cirripediformis. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (August 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20203285581.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Hosts: citrus and various ornamental plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Bulgaria, Greece and Italy), Asia (China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Indonesia, Java, Laos and Philippines), Africa (Egypt), North America (Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Alagoas, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Galapagos Islands, Guyana and Peru) and Oceania (Marshall Islands).
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"Armillaria tabescens. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (August 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20093074264.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel. Basidiomycota: Agaricales. Hosts: Many trees and grape (Vitis spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Czech Republic, France (Corsica, Mainland France), Germany, Greece (Mainland Greece), Italy (Mainland Italy), Montenegro, Netherlands, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland Spain), UK (England and Wales)), Asia (China (Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), India, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu), Korea Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, Turkey), Africa (Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (Panama, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Brazil), Oceania (Fiji).
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Cheuk, Ka-Kin. "Funny Money Circulation and Fabric Exports From China to Dubai Through Indian Trading Networks." American Behavioral Scientist, May 28, 2021, 000276422110200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027642211020056.
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Chiefly drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork in the district of Keqiao in Zhejiang Province since 2009, I argue that irregular financial transactions—conceptualized as “funny money” in this article—play a significant role in the sustenance of otherwise tenuous business relations between Indian traders and Chinese suppliers in the China–Dubai fabric trade. Much of the fabric exported from Keqiao to Dubai relies on intertwined formal and informal transactions operated by Indian trading networks. These labyrinthine transnational funny money transactions aim to circumvent institutional hurdles and overcome deficiencies in operating capital, yet inherent to this system is a cycle of payment lags that cause tense relations between payers and payees. Funny money transactions facilitate eventual payment in most cases most of the time and maintain enough trust to keep the trade network alive. Furthermore, the interlocking circuits of funny money also prevent the overaccumulation of wealth and power by any particular stakeholder involved in the international trade and defy or at least circumvent the formal political authority of state and financial institutions that seek to curtail such practices. These transactions thereby create a larger space for business survival among the grassroots players, especially Indian traders who may not have enough capital available when they initiate a deal with a Chinese supplier.
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Liu, Qinmei, Jinna Wang, Juan Hou, Yuyan Wu, Hengduan Zhang, Dan Xing, Jian Gao, et al. "Entomological Investigation and Detection of Dengue Virus Type 1 in Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) During the 2018–2020 Outbreak in Zhejiang Province, China." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 12 (July 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.834766.
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Mosquito-borne diseases are still threats to public health in the Zhejiang province of China. Surveillance of mosquitoes and the mosquito-borne pathogen is a vital approach for early warning, prevention, and control of the infectious disease. In this study, from 2018 to 2020, a total of 141607 female mosquitoes were caught by means of the light trap method. The main species were Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus/pallens (41.32%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (47.6%), Aedes albopictus (2.5%), Anopheles sinensis (5.87%), Armigeres subalbatus (2.64%) and other mosquito species (0.07%). Cx. pipiens s.l. were the dominant species in two urban habitats and rural residential areas while Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the main dominant species in the rural livestock sheds. In terms of seasonal fluctuation, Cx. pipiens s.l fluctuated at a high level from May to October. The peaks of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis and Ar. subalbatus were in July. In addition, a total of 693 Ae. albopictus were collected with Biogents Mosquitaire CO2 traps in emergency surveillance of dengue fever (DF) and screened for dengue virus infection. There were three circumstances of collection: The first: the sampling time before mosquito control during the local outbreak of DF in Lucheng of Wenzhou, 2019; The second circumstance: the sampling time after mosquito control during the local outbreak of DF of other cities in 2018-2019; The third circumstance: past DF epidemic areas the sampling time before mosquito control during the local outbreak of DF in Lucheng, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 2019. The pools formed by mosquitoes collected in these three circumstances were 3 (6.1%), 35 (71.5%), and 11 (22.4%) respectively. Of the 49 pools tested, only one in the first circumstance was positive. The full-length dengue virus sequence of ZJWZ/2019 was obtained by sequencing and uploaded to the NCBI as number OK448162. Full-length nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses showed that ZJWZ2019 and Wenzhou DF serum isolates ZJWZ-62/2019 (MW582816) and ZJWZ-18/2019 (MW582815) had the highest homology. The analysis of full genome and E gene phylogenetic trees showed that ZJWZ2019 belonged to serotype 1, genotype I, lineage II, which was evolutionarily related to OK159963/Cambodia/2019. It implies that ZJWZ2019 originated in Cambodia. This study showed the species composition, seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in different habitats in Zhejiang province and confirmed the role of Ae. albopictus in the transmission cycle of in outbreak of DF in the Lucheng district of Wenzhou in 2019, suggesting the importance of monitoring of vector Aedes infected dengue virus in the prevention and control of DF.
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Li, Xuqing, Dingyi Li, Yugen Jiang, Jun Xu, Xiaoxu Ren, Ya Zhang, Hong Wang, et al. "The effects of microbial fertilizer based Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus HZ23 on pakchoi growth, soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and metabolites in newly reclaimed land." Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (February 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091380.
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IntroductionPakchoi is an important leafy vegetable in China. Due to industrialization and urbanization, pakchoi has been cultivated in newly reclaimed mountainous lands in Zhejiang Province, China in recent years. However, immature soil is not suitable for plant growth and needs to be modified by the application of different organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer based plant-growth-promoting microbe. In 2021, a high efficient plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF; Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus HZ23) was obtained from newly reclaimed land of Zhejiang Province, China. In order to valuate microbial fertilizer based A. brunneoviolaceus HZ23 (MF-HZ23) on pakchoi growth in immature soil, we investigated the effect of MF-HZ23 on soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and metabolites of pakchoi rhizosphere soil samples.MethodsThe field experiment (four treatments, MF-HZ23, MF-ZH23 + CCF, CCF and the control) was completely randomly designed and carried out on newly reclaimed land in Yangqingmiao Village of Fuyang district, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. In order to evaluate the influence of microbial fertilizer based A. brunneoviolaceus HZ23 on pakchoi in the newly reclaimed land, the number of pakchoi leaves, total fresh and dry weight of the seedlings was counted. In addition, the soil properties, including the pH, OMC, total N, AHN, available P, the genome sequencing, and metabolomics assay were also detected.ResultsThe results revealed a significant difference between MF-HZ23 and the control in soil properties, bacterial community structure, and metabolites. Indeed, compared with the control, MF-HZ23 caused 30.66, 71.43, 47.31, 135.84, and 2099.90% increase in the soil pH, organic matter contents (OMC), total nitrogen (N), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AHN), and available phosphorus (P), respectively. Meanwhile, MF-HZ23 caused 50.78, 317.47, and 34.40% increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota and 75.55, 23.27, 69.25, 45.88, 53.42, and 72.44% reduction in the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetota, Patescibacteria, and WPS-2, respectively, compared with the control based on 16S amplicon sequencing of soil bacteria. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis (RDA) of bacterial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of bacterial communities included available P, AHN, pH, OMC, and total N. In addition, non-targeted metabolomics techniques (UHPLC–MS analysis) revealed that MF-HZ23 resulted in a great change in the kinds of metabolites in the rhizosphere soil. Indeed, in MF-HZ23 and the control group, there were six differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) belong to organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, organic nitrogen compounds, and these six DEMs were significantly positively correlated with 23 genus of bacteria, which showed complicated interactions between bacteria and DEMs in pakchoi rhizosphere soil.ConclutionsOverall, the results of this study revealed significant modification in physical, chemical, and biological properties of pakchoi soil. Microbial fertilizer based PGPF A. brunneoviolaceus HZ23 (MF-HZ23) can be used as a good amendment for newly reclaimed land.
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"Halyomorpha halys. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (July 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20173184888.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Hemiptera: Pentatomidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Italy, Sardinia, Liechtenstein, Romania, Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Republic of Georgia, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic and Taiwan), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin), South America (Chile) and Oceania (Guam).
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Wu, Ju, Hanrong Wang, Li Fang, Yunye Xie, and Lianping Wang. "First report of Colletotrichum scovillei causing anthracnose fruit rot on Eriobotrya japonicain in Zhejiang province, China." Plant Disease, March 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-21-2040-pdn.
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Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) is a fruit tree of high economic impotance in China. In May 2021, fruit rot on cv. “Baozhu” was observed in Yuhang district (119°40’E, 30°09’N), Zhejiang province, at an incidence of more than 30% within five orchards (the total affected area were about 121, 000 m2). Early symptoms of naturally affected fruits were dark brown, necrotic lesion (Fig. 1 A). Lesions subsequently expanded, and orange conidia were observed (Fig. 1 B). Conidia were transferred using a sterilized needle into sterile water, diluted to several conidia (approximately 10 conidia/µL) in the field of light microscope, and spread onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 24 h, single colonies were transferred, and six single-spore strain isolated from different fruits or locations were obtained. Six-day old colonies grown on PDA at 27°C had gray-green centers with white edges, and on the reverse side, the centers were brown (Fig. 1 C). Isolate PPGS2 was selected for further characterization. Conidia were unicellular, smooth-walled, hyaline, cylindrical with one rounded and one acute end, or with both ends rounded and they (n = 30) measured 11.1 to 16.0 µm (mean = 13.3 µm) × 3.0 to 4.6 µm (mean = 4.1) (Fig. 1 D). Appressoria were single or in smalln groups, light brown to dark brown, ovoid or elliptical with a smooth or undulate outline, and measured (n = 30) 4.6 to 8.7 µm (mean = 6.5 µm) × 4.0 to 5.6 µm (mean = 4.9 µm) (Fig. 1 H). These features of PPGS2 were consistent with species of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex (Damm et al. 2012). For species identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB), chitin synthase (CHS-1), calmodulin (CAL), and actin (ACT) genes were sequenced (O’Donnell et al. 2000; Weir et al. 2012). The five sequences were deposited in GenBank (OK054581, OK077960, OK077987, OK077988 and OK077989, respectively). A BLAST search of these sequences showed 99% identity with sequences of the ex-holotype C. scovillei CBS126529 (Damm et al. 2012). The evolutionary tree shown that PPGS2 and C. scovillei CBS126529 were clustered in a branch (SH-aLRT/approximate Bayes test/bootstrap support = 88.6/0.999/96). Combining morphological characteristics with phylogenetic analysis, PPGS2 was identified as C. scovillei. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, E. japonica fruit were disinfected with 75% alcohol and air-dried for 5 mins to allow the alcohol to volatilize. A conidial suspension (10 mL of 1 × 106 conidia/ml) of PPGS2 was sprayed onto six fruits, and six fruit sprayed with sterilized water served as controls. The experiment was repeated three times. Fruits were kept on a mist bench at 27°C and 80% relative humidity for 5 days. Inoculated fruit developed dark brown necrotic lesions that later fused and expanded (Fig. 1, E-G), whereas control fruit remained symptomless. C. scovillei was re-isolated from lesions of inoculated fruit. C. scovillei has been reported from fruit of Capsicum sp., Musa sp., Mangifera indica, and Clausena lansium in China (Farr and Rossman 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. scovillei causing anthracnose fruit rot of E. japonica in China. This disease results in severe economic losses both in the field and after harvest, and it is necessary to develop more effective prevention and control strategies.
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Wang, Hanrong, Jun Wu, Li Fang, Yunye Xie, and Lianping Wang. "First report of Calonectria ilicicola causing fruit rot on postharvest Prunus persica in Zhejiang Province, China." Plant Disease, February 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-22-1818-pdn.
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Peach (Prunus persica) is an important economic tree fruit in China, with 15 million tons produced in 2020 (Xu et al. 2022). In September 2021, fruit rot on postharvest P. persica 'Yingqingtao' was observed in an orchard warehouse in Qixing district (120°41’E, 29°15’N), Zhejiang Province. Disease incidence was estimated at 25%, and yield loss was estimated at approximately 20% of the total yield. The naturally infected fruit had water-soaked, light brown lesions that fused, and produced a gray-white, dense mycelium (Fig. 1 A). The mycelia were transferred using a sterilized toothpick to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and cultured for 7 d. Macroconidia were used to produce five single-spore isolates, each from a different fruit. Six-day-old colonies grown on PDA at 26°C had light brown centers with gray-white edges; on the underside the centers were reddish brown and white towards the margin (Fig. 1 D). Isolate TGF2 was selected for further identification. Macroconidia were hyaline, straight, cylindrical, and one-to-three septae, 63.2 to 81.8 × 5.7 to 7.8 μm (mean = 73.9 ± 4.3 × 6.9 ± 0.5, n = 30) (Fig. 1 E). Chlamydospores were produced abundantly on PDA (Fig. 1 F), and measured 11.7 to 19.4 × 8.5 to 16.9 μm (n = 10). Perithecia were reddish orange, globose, and 329.9 to 417.1 μm in diameter on PDA (Fig. 1 G). Asci were hyaline and clavate, 61.2 to 91.8 × 14.4 to 20.7 μm (n = 10); ascospores were hyaline, slightly curved, 1- to 3-septate, mostly 1-septate, and 37.6 to 59.7 × 4.9 to 6.4 μm (mean = 49.9 ± 4.5 × 5.6 ± 0.4, n = 30) (Fig. 1 H-J). Morphological characteristics placed this organism within the Ca. kyotensis species complex (Liu et al. 2020). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS: OP164807-OP164811), calmodulin (Cal: OP176049-OP176053), histone3 (His3: OP176054-OP176058), and translation elongation factor 1α (Tef1: OP176044-OP176048) genes were sequenced (Liu, et al., 2020). The twenty sequences were deposited in GenBank. A BLAST search of these sequences showed 99% identity with sequences of the ex-holotype Ca. ilicicola CMW 30998 (Liu et al. 2020). Bayes phylogenesis suggested that these strains and Ca. ilicicola CMW 30998 were clustered in the same clade (Bayesian posterior probability = 1) (Fig. 2). Integrating morphology and molecular data, these strains were identified as Ca. ilicicola. For pathogenicity tests, P. persica fruits were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s and air-dried for 5 mins to allow the alcohol to volatilize. A conidial suspension (30 mL of 1 × 106 conidia/mL) of TGF2 was sprayed onto ten fruits, and ten fruits sprayed with sterilized water served as controls. The experiment was repeated three times. Fruits were kept on a mist bench at 26°C and 60% relative humidity. After 5 days, inoculated fruits showed necrotic lesions and a dense, gray-white mycelium, however, the control fruits showed no symptoms (Fig. 1 B, C). Ca. ilicicola was reisolated from lesions of inoculated fruits. Ca. ilicicola has been reported from Vaccinium sp., Glycine max, Medicago sativa (Farr and Rossman 2022; Kleczewski et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ca. ilicicola causing fruit rot of P. persica in China. In other research on Ca. ilicicola, we found that continuous light could inhibit its growth, suggesting a method to protect postharvest peaches.
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"Nectria cinnabarina. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500805.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. Fungi: Ascomycota: Hypocreales Hosts: Broad-leaved trees and shrubs including apple (Malus domestica[Malus pumila]) and pear (Pyrus communis); also occasionally Larix, Picea and Pinus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, UK, England and Wales, ASIA, Armenia, Bhutan, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong, Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, NeiMenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Uttar Pradesh, Korea Republic, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand.
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"Monilinia fructicola. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (August 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20173342630.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honey. Leotiomycetes: Heliotiales: Sclerotiniaceae. Hosts: manly Rosaceous stone fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Croatia, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland), Asia (Azerbaijan, China, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Liaoning, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Yemen), Africa, (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Central America &Caribbean (Guatemala, Panama) South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand).
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Wang, Zi-Yue, Li-Jie Zhang, Yu-Hong Liu, Wei-Xi Jiang, Sheng-Lan Tang, and Xiao-Yun Liu. "Process evaluation of E-learning in continuing medical education: evidence from the China-Gates Foundation Tuberculosis Control Program." Infectious Diseases of Poverty 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-021-00810-x.
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Abstract Background E-learning is a growing phenomenon which provides a unique opportunity to address the challenges in continuing medical education (CME). The China-Gates Foundation Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program implemented online training for TB health workers in three provinces of China. We aim to evaluate the implementation of E-learning CME programs, analyse the barriers and facilitators during the implementation process, and to provide policy recommendations. Methods Routine monitoring data were collected through the project office from December 2017 to June 2019. In-depth interviews, focus group discussion with project management personnel, teachers, and trainees (n = 78), and staff survey (baseline n = 555, final n = 757) were conducted in selected pilot areas at the provincial, municipal, and county/district levels in the three project provinces (Zhejiang, Jilin, and Ningxia). Descriptive analysis of quantitative data summarized the participation, registration, and certification rates for training activities. Thematic approach was used for qualitative data analysis. Results By the end of June 2019, the national and provincial remote training platforms had organized 98 synchronous learning activities, with an average of 173.2 people [standard deviation (SD) = 49.8] per online training session, 163.3 people (SD = 41.2) per online case discussion. In the pilot area, 64.5% of TB health workforce registered the asynchronous learning platform, and 50.1% obtained their professional certifications. Participants agreed that E-learning CME was more economical, has better content as well as more flexible work schedules. However, the project still faced challenges in terms of unmet learning needs, disorganized governance, insufficient hardware and software, unsupported environment, and lack of incentive mechanisms. Conclusions Our results suggested that it’s feasible to conduct large scale E-learning CME activities in the three project provinces of China. Training content and format are key facilitators of the program implementation, while the matching of training supply and demand, organizational coordination, internet technology, motivations, and sustainability are key barriers.
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Wang, Ling, S. L. Ge, Kehan Zhao, and huang Shiwen. "First report of Fusarium incarnatum causing spikelet rot on rice in China." Plant Disease, January 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-20-2660-pdn.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important and widely grown crop, covering about 29.9 million ha of total cultivation area in China. In the last decade, spikelet rot disease on rice became much more frequent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg was reported to be a causal agent of spikelet rot on rice in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province (Huang et al. 2012). In September 2019, a survey was conducted to understand the etiology of the disease in the main rice growing regions of Jinshan District of Shanghai. Symptomatic panicles exhibiting reddish or brown discoloration on the glumes were collected from different rice fields, where disease incidence was estimated to be between 20 to 80%. Diseased glumes were cut into small sections (5 × 5 mm) from the boundary of necrotic and healthy tissues, surface-sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 3% sodium hypochlorite for 90 s, rinsed twice with sterile distilled water, then placed onto 1/5 strength potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 3 to 5 days of incubation at 28°C in the dark, fungal growth with Fusarium-like colonies were transferred to PDA and purified by the single-spore isolation method. A total of 12 isolates were obtained and colonies showed loosely floccose, white mycelium and pale-yellow pigmentation on PDA. Microconidia were ovoid mostly with 0 to 1 septum, and measured 4.2 to 16.6 × 2.5 to 4.1 μm (n = 50). After 5-7 days of inoculation on carnation leaf agar (CLA), macroconidia produced usually had 3 to 5 septa, slightly curved at the apex, ranging from 15.7 to 39.1 × 3.3 to 5.0 μm (n = 50). Chlamydospores were produced in hyphae, most often solitary in short chains or in clumps, ellipsoidal or subglobose with thick and roughened walls. Molecular identification was performed on the representative isolates (JS3, JS9, and JS21). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) and β-tubulin (β-TUB) genes were amplified and sequenced using the paired primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1/EF2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998) and T1/T22 (O’Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), respectively. The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MT889972 to MT889974 (ITS), MT895844 to MT895846 (TEF-1α), and MT895841 to MT895843 (β-TUB), respectively. BLASTn search of the sequences revealed 99 to 100% identity with ITS (MF356578), TEF-1α (HM770725) and β-TUB (GQ915444) of Fusarium incarnatum isolates. FUSARIUM-ID (Geiser et al. 2004) analysis showed 99 to 100% similarity with sequences of the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (FD_01651 and FD_01628). In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences placed the isolates in the F. incarnatum clade at 100% bootstrap support. Thus, both morphological observations and molecular criteria supported identification of the isolates as F. incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc (synonym: Fusarium semitectum) (Leslie and Summerell 2006, Nirenberg 1990). Pathogenicity tests were performed on susceptible rice cultivar ‘Xiushui134’. At pollen cell maturity stage, a 2-ml conidial suspension (5 × 105 macroconidia/ml) of each isolate was injected into 10 rice panicles. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Then, the pots were kept in a growth chamber at 28°C, 80% relative humidity, and 12 h/12 h light (10,000 lux)/dark. The experiment was repeated two times for each isolate. Two weeks post-inoculation, all inoculated panicles showed similar symptoms with the original samples, whereas no symptoms were observed on the control. The pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated panicles and identified by the method described above to fulfill Koch's postulates. Previous studies reported that F. incarnatum reproduced perithecia to overwinter on rice stubble as the inoculum of Fusarium head blight of wheat in southern China (Yang et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of spikelet rot on rice caused by F. incarnatum in China. Further investigation is needed to gain a better understanding its potential geographic distribution of this new pathogen on rice crop. References: (1) Huang, S. W., et al. 2011. Crop Prot. 30: 10. (2) White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. (3) O’Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95: 2044. (4) O'Donnell, K., Cigelnik, E. 1997. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7: 103. (5) Geiser, D. M., et al. 2004. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110: 473. (6) Leslie, J. F., and Summerell, B. A. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Ames, IA. (7) Nirenberg, H. I. 1990. Stud. Mycol. 32: 91. (8) Yang, M. X., et al. 2018. Toxins. 10: 115. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest. Funding: Funding was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31800133), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. LQ18C140005), Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2019C02018), Shanghai Science and Technology for Agriculture Promotion Project (2019-02-08-00-08-F01127), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS-ASTIP-2013- CNRRI).