Relevant bibliographies by topics / China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities"

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Zhou, Min, and Bixia Hu. "Decoupling of carbon emissions from agricultural land utilisation from economic growth in China." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 11 (November 27, 2020): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/290/2020-agricecon.

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China, as a populous and agricultural country, is confronted with a tremendous challenge involving the balance between agricultural economic growth and carbon emissions from agricultural land utilisation (CEALU). This study calculates the total CEALU in the 31 provinces of mainland China and uses the Tapio model to analyse the decoupling of CEALU from economic growth during the period 2000–2017. The results are shown as follows: (i) The CEALU in China has substantially increased, and there are obvious spatial discrepancies in CEALU from the regional and provincial perspectives. (ii) The decoupling of CEALU from economic growth at the national level shows a progressive improvement. The decoupling trends show significant spatial disparities at the regional level due to different natural and economic conditions. (iii) There is an increase in the numbers of provinces, which have achieved economic growth with the reduction of CEALU. Policymakers should attach more importance to the relationship between CEALU and economic growth, and relevant policies should be adapted to local natural and economic conditions.
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Zhao, Jiangning. "The Deviated Mechanisms between Chintrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship– Collectivism or Individualism in Forming the Mechanism of China-way of Entrepreneurship." Management and Organizational Studies 4, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/mos.v4n3p51.

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Is entrepreneurship the cause, or the consequence of economic development? Why does an economic downturn provide opportunities for entrepreneurship? How is the mechanism of entrepreneurship differentiated between developed and developing economies? How can the democracy and free-market based agent theory explain the mechanism of entrepreneurship in an autocratic and cronyism-oriented political system like China? Motivated to explore these unsettled conceptual questions, an extensive literature review and a broad range of interviews were employed as the method of this study to rationalize the formational and functional mechanism of Chintrepreneurship (China-way of Entrepreneurship) in boosting the leapfrog of China economy. This paper argues that, neither Schumpeterianism nor Keynesianism alone is able to theoretically reflect the path-dependent rise of Chintrepreneurship in today’s dynamically globalized and diversified business environment. Instead, only the combination of the two camps can help rationalize the mechanism of how government intervention can act as an indispensable and irreplaceable adjustor of political-economical environment to cultivate entrepreneurship. Hence, the traditionally presumed tripartite framework (entrepreneurship, industrialization, economic growth) must be adjusted in order to offset or overcome the weakness of existing literature, and to solve the dilemmatic puzzle: which one of individualism and collectivism is more contributive to the mechanism of entrepreneurship? By defining a series of critical conditions and criteria, this paper proposes a BRIDGE model to rationalize the role of government intervention, and the observed trade-offs, such as the impact of dual-track policy on regional and wealth disparities in China. Two case studies and recommendations are suggested.
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Yang, Guan, Qian, Xing, and Wu. "Efficiency Evaluation of Urban Road Transport and Land Use in Hunan Province of China Based on Hybrid Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Models." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143826.

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Urban road transport and land use (RTLU) jointly promote economic development by concentrating labor, material, and capital. This paper presents an integrated RTLU efficiency analysis that explores the degree of coordination between these two systems to provide guidance for future adaptations necessary for sustainable urban development. Both a super efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis model and window analysis were used to spatiotemporally evaluate RTLU efficiency from 2012 to 2016 in 14 cities of Hunan province, central China. The Malmquist index was decomposed into technical efficiency and technology change to reveal reasons for changes in RTLU efficiency. These evaluation results show regional disparities in efficiency across Hunan province, with western cities being the least efficient. Eight cities showed an increasing trend in RTLU efficiency while Yueyang exhibited a decreasing trend. In 13 of 14 regions, productivity improved every year. At the same time, five regions had a decline in technical efficiency even though technical progress increased in all regions. Our analysis shows that greater investment in road transport and urban construction are not enough to ensure sustainable urban growth. Policy must instead promote the full use of current resources according to local conditions to meet local, regional, and national development goals.
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Fischer, T., M. Gemmer, B. Su, and T. Scholten. "Long-term meteorological and hydrological dryness and wetness conditions in the Zhujiang River Basin, South China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2012): 10525–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-10525-2012.

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Abstract. Floods and droughts are frequently causing large economic losses in China. These conditions vary in space, time, and magnitude. In this study, long-term meteorological and hydrological dryness and wetness conditions are analyzed for the Xijiang River Basin which is the largest tributary of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River. A very similar inter-annual course of precipitation and discharge can be observed. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) is used to show dryness and wetness pattern in the six sub-basins of the Xijiang River. The SPI-24 correlates high with the standardized discharge index (SDI-24) for Gaoyao hydrological station at the mouth of Xijiang River. Distinct long-term dryness and wetness sequences are found in the time series for the SPI-24 and SDI-24. The principal component analysis reveals many spatial interdependencies in dryness and wetness conditions for the sub-basins and explains some spatio-temporal disparities. Moderate dryness conditions have a larger spatial impact than moderate wetness conditions in the sub-basins. The loading pattern of the first principal component shows that the correlation with the entire Xijiang River Basin is highest in the eastern and lowest in the western sub-basins. Further spatial dipole conditions explain the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of dryness and wetness conditions. Accordingly, the precipitation in the eastern sub-basins contributes more to the hydrological wetness conditions than in the western sub-basins, which mainly contribute to dryness patterns. The spectral analysis for the SPI-24 (entire Xijiang River Basin) and SDI-24 shows similar peaks for periods of 11–14.7 yr, 2.8 yr, 3.4–3.7 yr, and 6.3–7.3 yr. The same periods can be found for the SPI-24 of Xijiang River's six sub-basins with some variability in the magnitude. The wavelet analysis shows that the most significant periods are stable over time since the 1980s. The extrapolations of the reconstructed time series do not suggest any spatial or temporal changes in the occurrence of dryness and wetness conditions in the next two decades but a continuation of the observed cycles at given magnitude. It can be concluded that long-term hydrological dryness and wetness conditions are directly caused by periodic cycles of meteorological conditions (i.e. precipitation). The applied methodologies prove to be able to identify spatial interdependencies and corresponding regional disparities, and to detect significant periodicities in long-term dryness and wetness conditions in the Xijiang River Basin.
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Wu, Yongjiao, Huazhu Zheng, Yu Li, Claudio O. Delang, and Jiao Qian. "Carbon Productivity and Mitigation: Evidence from Industrial Development and Urbanization in the Central and Western Regions of China." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169014.

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This paper investigates carbon productivity (CP) from the perspectives of industrial development and urbanization to mitigate carbon emissions. We propose a hybrid model that includes a spatial lag model (SLM) and a fixed regional panel model using data from the 17 provinces in the central and western regions of China from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the slowly increasing CP has significant spatial spillover effects, with High–High (H–H) and Low–Low (L–L) spatial distributions in the central and western regions of China. In addition, industrial development and urbanization in the study area play different roles in CP, while economic urbanization and industrial fixed investment negatively affect CP, and population urbanization affects CP along a U-shape curve. Importantly, the results show that the patterns of industrial development and urbanization that influence CP are homogenous and mutually imitated in the 17 studied provinces. Furthermore, disparities in CP between regions are due to industrial workforce allocation (TL), but TL has been inefficient; industrial structure upgrades are slowly improving conditions. Therefore, the findings suggest that, in the short term, policymakers in China should implement industrial development policies that reduce carbon emissions in the western and central regions by focusing on improving industrial workforce allocation.
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Tian, Xiaowen. "Market Orientation and Regional Economic Disparities in China." Post-Communist Economies 11, no. 2 (June 1999): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631379995968.

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Sheng, Yu, Xunpeng Shi, and Dandan Zhang. "Economic growth, regional disparities and energy demand in China." Energy Policy 71 (August 2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.001.

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Xiang, Huali, Jun Yang, Xi Liu, and Jay Lee. "Balancing Population Distribution and Sustainable Economic Development in Yangtze River Economic Belt of China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 16, 2019): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123320.

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From a macro perspective, the inconsistency between population distribution and economic development reflects the lag of population mobility and, at the same time, widens regions’ economic disparity. China, as a socialist country, is very concerned with the regional disparities. Aiming at analyzing ways to reduce regional disparities and promote balanced and sustainable regional developments, this paper applies spatial analytical methods in econometrics, using the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as an example, to analyze the spatial inconsistency between the distribution of population and economic development. The study also examines the influencing factors for such inconsistency and proposes countermeasures from the perspective of floating population and regional economics. The research results show that the improvement of human capital and the tilt of regional policies are conducive to population agglomeration. Furthermore, increasing the input of physical capital can promote economic agglomeration. From the spatial econometric analysis in this paper, the direct and indirect effects have opposite directions, so it is necessary to consider the indirect effects when implementing policies or programs.
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Jin, Lu Jia, and Larisa P. Piskunova. "Regional differences in mainland China after the 1970s economic reform." R-Economy 7, no. 1 (2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2021.7.1.003.

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Relevance. In recent years, China’s GDP has continued to grow, however, the regional gap in socio-economic development is still huge. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the reasons behind regional disparities and the possible solutions to this problem. Research objective. This paper aims to examine the patterns of regional differences in mainland China after the economic reform of the 1970s. Data and methods. The study relies on the methods of comparative analysis and the data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China and the Statistical Yearbook Sharing Platform as well as the information from the national media portal - Xinhua News Agency. Results. The Chinese government’s application of differentiated measures, strategies and policies to different regions exacerbated the existing disparities. This paper elaborates on the future regional economic adjustments and plans and thus can be of interest to investors and business activists in China and other countries.
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Liu, Zhangsheng, Ruixin Li, Xiaotian Tina Zhang, Yinjie Shen, Liuqingqing Yang, and Xiaolu Zhang. "Inclusive Green Growth and Regional Disparities: Evidence from China." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111651.

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It is determined that inclusive green growth comprises processes of economic development and inclusiveness as a system of inclusions, taking into account the anthropogenic burden on the ecosystem, as well as the relational nature of socio-economic transformations. This article is an evaluation of this issue in the context of a contemporary Chinese society beset by regional inequalities that uses the Yangtze River basin as a case study. An index system has been constructed for inclusive green growth measurement, and kernel density and the Dagum Gini coefficient are used to analyze and describe characteristics regarding the distribution and spatial disparities within and between city clusters. The article then concludes that all city clusters are developing towards an inclusive green economy. There are still significant inequalities in inclusive growth among city clusters. Most city clusters are converging so slow that it will take a long time for weaker cites to catch up with stronger cites. City clusters also suffer major inner imbalances and gaps are widening. This paper argues that the profession needs to be more proactive in promoting strategic and targeted policies within such an unequal growth context.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities"

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Guo, Huanguang. "Inequality and economic growth in China : an empirical analysis." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/607.

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Shi, Tuo. "Regional disparities, agglomeration economy and transport infrastructure : an empirical study for China from a new economic geography perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708417.

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Ho, Owen Chih-Hung. "Foreign direct investment in China : determinants, effects and efficiency." University of Western Australia. School of Economics and Commerce, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0013.

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China's phenomenal economic growth has coincided with a substantial increase in FDI inflows and hence led researchers, including the author, to believe that increased inflows of FDI into China has had important implications for the country's trade and economic development over the past decades. The objective of this thesis is to identify and investigate several key issues associated with inward FDI in the Chinese economy. These include the determinants of FDI inflows at the sectoral level, spillover effects of FDI on labour productivity and innovation, the causal linkage between FDI and China's bilateral trade with selected OECD countries, and the performance of foreign funded enterprises (FFEs) compared to the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China. This thesis adds to the existing research on the role that FDI has played in recent growth of the Chinese economy by applying new as well as established techniques to China's regional and sectoral data. In particular, it integrates descriptive and empirical analysis to extend existing studies in several ways. First, analyses in the empirical chapters of this thesis are undertaken using data at the regional and sectoral level. Second, this thesis uses panel data from official sources for all empirical examinations. Last, whereas most existing studies have ignored the importance of unit-root issues when using panel data, and therefore possibly producing unreliable results, this thesis employs unit-root tests for all panel data analyses. The key findings in this thesis can be summarized in four points. First, at the sectoral level, for China as a whole, foreign investors are influenced by labour productivity, wage costs and innovation activities but not by the level of state ownership. For Guangdong province, foreign investors are concerned with labour productivity and wages as well as state ownership at sectoral level. However, the level of innovation does not play an important role in influencing inflows of FDI into Guangdong province at sectoral level. Second, the thesis found that FDI generates spillover effects on labour productivity in China although no spillover effects on the level of innovation were detected. At the regional level, it was concluded that the coastal and western regions experience a greater amount of spillover effects from FDI than do the municipal cities. Furthermore, the western region is the only region that experiences greater spillover effects from FDI on innovation than the municipal cities. Also, the spillover effects of FDI appear to be no different prior to or post-1997 when the Asian financial crises occurred. Third, a co-integrating relationship exists between FDI and total trade, FDI and exports, and FDI and imports in China. The thesis further concluded that bidirectional causality between FDI and trade variables exists in China in the long-run. However, short-run causality runs only from FDI to trade. Fourth, the thesis further shows that FFEs in China are more efficient than SOEs. Over time it is observed that SOEs and FFEs in the municipal cities and the coastal regions experienced greater productivity gains than those in the central and western regions during the sample period. It is also concluded that both SOEs and FFEs in the municipal cities have experienced more productivity growth than those in other regions with SOEs in the central region and FFEs in the western region experiencing the least productivity growth.
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何偉鴻. "以群組分析探索中國地區經濟發展." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554443.

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Bradshaw, Michael Joseph. "East-West trade and the regional development of Siberia and the Soviet Far East." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26964.

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Studies of the role of East-West trade in Soviet economic development often assume that Siberia and the Far East play an important role in trading relations, but few studies have examined the extent of that role and the relationship between trade and economic development within the region. This study addresses two interrelated questions: firstly, what is the role of Siberia and the Far East in trade with the West, and secondly, what is the role of East-West trade in Siberian development. Regional trade participation data are not available. The study therefore examines the composition of Soviet trade with the West and the industrial structure of the Siberian economy, in order to deduce the extent of regional participation in trade. Soviet exports to the West are dominated by natural resources, while imports from the West comprise machinery and equipment, manufactured goods and agricultural products. Analysis of the Siberian economy reveals a specialisation in the production and processing of natural resources. Estimates of export participation show that since the late 1970s the region has become the Soviet Union's most important source of foreign currency. Imports of Western technology are shown to play an important part in natural resource production and in the creation of Siberia's Territorial-Production Complexes. In many instances compensation agreements tie the use of imports to export production. Overall the value of Siberian exports exceeds the cost of imports of Western technology, so that the region generates a sizeable foreign currency surplus. In conclusion, a simple model of the trade and development process is presented which relates the pattern of foreign trade participation to the process of regional development. The impact of Western imports is felt mainly in the European core region where they provide additional resources to feed the population and renovate the industrial base; the impact of exports to the West is felt mainly in Siberia and the Far East where they increase demands for natural resource production. Thus, East-West trade serves to perpetuate the existing core-periphery pattern of Soviet regional development.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Lo, Wai Lun. "Foreign investment in Guangdong : effects on economic growth and regional distribution determinants." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/633.

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Crowder, Kay Baxter. "Crisis at the crossroads: the conjuncture of internal and external impediments to development in Sudan." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43395.

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The conventional theoretical and analytical debate surrounding contemporary African underdevelopment attempts to classify or label the impediments to development primarily within an internal-external dichotomy_ This thesis questions the internal-external approach in that it may limit the opportunity to examine the situation more in terms of a single process, blending the forces that hinder political and economic growth. The case of the Sudan illustrates this 'holistic' concept in that certain fundamental constraints wi thin the Sudan combined with specific external factors place severe limitations on both the economic and political development of the country. The tradi tional disunity and absence of a legitimate political authority within the Sudan, combined with the Sudan's inteqration into the world economic system, has created a situation that is detrimental to development. Rather than place the blame or responsibility for underdevelopment on any particular set of forces, t have examined how these forces have intertwined to create the present conditions in the Sudan, perhaps highlighting similar situations throughout other Third World nations as well.
Master of Arts
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Wan, Wai-San. "Global and regional sourcing of ICT-enabled business services : upgrading of China, Hong Kong and Singapore along the global value chain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/457/.

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Offshoring, as part of globalisation, first started decades ago with manufacturing processes disintegrated along the global value chain and dramatically redistributed to low-cost regions. The next global shift of work involving ICT-enabled business services has arisen since the 1990s, especially featuring the success of India’s supplier role. The possibilities for the Global South to move up the value ladder are well demonstrated by the achievements of the newly industrialised economies in East Asia in the first shift and of India in the second. In the services sector, however, potential for upgrading is conditioned by quality-based elements, such as trust, culture and language, which vary both between producing and market areas. Flows are increasingly multi-directional, requiring attention to the neglected issue of demands from fast-growing Southern economies. So how do locations and firms in the Global South attempt to upgrade in the regime of rising services offshoring? The Indian experience especially in serving Anglophone markets in the Global North has been widely documented – but not that of East Asian economies, with their distinct characteristics and strong historic, ethnic and cultural ties with each other. This study examines the upgrading possibilities and constraints of China, Hong Kong and Singapore along the global services chain. For cross-case analysis, it focuses on three specific sets of services, including information technology, finance and accounting, and customer contact services. The concepts of global value chain, competitive advantage and capabilities are applied to reconstruct the phenomenon of services offshoring from both the demand and supply perspectives in the selected locations, and synthesise the dynamics between locational characteristics and firm strategies. A series of distinct upgrading strategies are identified, involving mixes of manufacturisation, knowledge-intensification and deepening relational capabilities to exploit both regional advantages of language/cultural proximity and established global links.
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Mandela, Babongile Thabile. "Regional hegemony as a tool for peace : an evaluation of South Africa’s role in regional development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5403.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Southern Africa as a region requires a rallying point from where they can integrate and mobilize their resources in order to create a security community, which acts both as a deterrent to the outbreak of conflict and regional bloc to protect local industries from global forces. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) does not have the strong relationship which usually exists between states that share a common goal or interest. The study argues that the lack of leadership within the region accounts for the weak cooperative relationship that presently exists in Southern Africa. This study argues that regionalization does not come about unless the states in a particular region want it. It may come about through spontaneous or unintended convergence in terms of political regime, economic policy or security, but often one can identify a triggering political event which sets the process in motion. The study argues that the Development Corridors apparent in Southern Africa can act as the triggering event and have the promise to forge the most feasible cooperation amongst regional states. The phenomenon of Peace Parks rooted in the Spatial Development Initiatives, offer a unique type of regional integration embedded on traditional focal areas and Southern African Identity. This study intends to analyze the potential ability of regional hegemony to foster peace through development. The primary objective of this study consequently is to examine the role of regional hegemonies as tools for peace; using South Africa’s hegemony in Southern Africa as a case study. This study describes the importance of South Africa as a regional hegemon to lead the process of creating a peaceful co-existence in SADC. To achieve the research objectives the following questions have been formulated: What is South Africa’s role as a development partner in Southern Africa? The second research question asks how the political economy of regionalism is apparent in the Spatial Development Indicators (Development Corridors). Specifically what contribution could Spatial Development Initiatives make towards SADC’s regional integration objectives? The research questions provide an impression of major socio-political developments looming in the region and also seek to provide the required tools to analyze and understand what is going on in Southern Africa today.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suider-Afrikaanse streek het ’n definitiewe behoefte om ‘n sentrale punt te identifiseer waar beide integrasie kan plaasvind en hulpbronne gemobiliseer kan word om ’n veiligheids gemeenskap te skep. Dit kan as ’n definitiewe teenvoeter dien vir die onstaan van konflik en om plaaslike industrie te beskerm teen die soms negatiewe invloed van internasionale magte. Die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelings Gemeenskap (SAOG) het huidiglik nie ’n sterk verhouding wat tussen state met gemeenskaplike doelwitte en belange heers nie. Die kern argument van hierdie studie is dat die tekort aan leierskap binne die streek een van die hoofoorsake is vir die algemene swak samewerking wat tans bestaan in Suider-Afrika. Die studie argumenteer dat sogenaamde streeks/regionale integrasie nie tot stand kan kom tensy die state in ’n spesifieke streek ’n definitiewe behoefte daartoe het nie. Dit kan wel onstaan deur middel van ’n spontane samevloei van politieke regimes, ekonomiese beleid en veiligheid. Daar is soms egter ’n spesifieke gebeurtenis wat die proses laat onstaan. Die studie argumenteer dat die sogenaamde Ontwikkelings Deurgange (‘Development Corridors’) wat tans in Suider-Afrika ontwikkel as ’n moontlike vertrekpunt gesien kan word wat die beste kans bied om samewerking tussen state te bevorder. Die onstaan van Vredes Parke (‘Peace Parks’) gevestig binne die Ontwikkelings Deurgange, bied ’n unieke vorm van regionale integrasie in Suider-Afrika. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die potensiële moontlikheid van regionale hegemonie om vrede te bewerkstellig deur middel van ontwikkeling te ontleed. Die hoof doelwit van hierdie studie is om die rol van regionale hegemonie as instrument van vrede te ontleed. Die studie sal spesifiek die gevallestudie van Suid-Afrika se regionale hegemonie in Suider-Afrika ondersoek. Hierdie studie beskryf die belangrikheid van Suid-Afrika as ’n streeks moondheid om die leiding te neem om vreedsame samewerking binne die SAOG te bewerkstellig. Die volgende belangrike vrae is in hierdie studie gestel: Wat is Suid-Afrika se rol as ’n ontwikkelings-vennoot in Suider-Afrika? Die tweede vraag probeer vasstel tot watter mate die politieke ekonomie van regionale samewerking tans bestaan in die Omgewings Ontwikkelings Indikatore (die sogenaamde ‘Development Corridors’). Watter spesifieke bydraes kan hierdie inisiatiewe lewer om die SAOG se regionale integrasie doelwitte te bereik? Die vrae probeer ’n geheel indruk skep hoe die Omgewings-Ontwikkelings Inisiatiewe (‘Spatial Development Initiatives’) tans bydra om ’n beter begrip te skep van huidige verwikkelinge in Suider-Afrika.
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Kwan, Yee-fai Mike. "A comparative study of the growth triangles in Asian Pacific rim : lessons for regional development planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18039972.

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Books on the topic "China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities"

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Fengxuan, Xue, and Lu Dadao, eds. China's regional disparities: Issues and policies. Huntington, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2001.

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Jian, Tianlun. Trends in regional inequality in China. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Weggel, Oskar. Regionalkonflikte in China: Süd gegen Nord. Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 1992.

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Economic opening and growth in China. Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2000.

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Bank, World, ed. Sharing rising incomes: Disparities in China. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1997.

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Herz, Raimund. Probleme der Regionalplanung in China. Karlsruhe: Institut für Städtebau und Landesplanung, Universität Karlsruhe, 1988.

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Cannon, Terry. Regions, inequality, and spatial policy in China. The Hague, Netherlands: Publications Office, Institute of Social Studies, 1990.

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1951-, Arayama Yūkō, and Sonoda Tadashi 1969-, eds. Chūgoku no fubyōdō: Inequality in China. Tōkyō: Nihon Hyōronsha, 2008.

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Zhongguo jing ji zeng zhang zhi liang de qu yu ping jia yan jiu: Regional evaluation of the quality of economic growth in China. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2014.

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Zhongguo di qu cha yi de jing ji fen xi: Regional disparities in China. Beijing: Ren min chu ban she, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities"

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Openness and Regional Growth in China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 55–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_4.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Industry Mix and Interregional Disparities in China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 195–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_9.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Output Growth and Productivity Growth in China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 7–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_2.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Productivity Growth in China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 113–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_6.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Endogenous Saving, Interregional Capital Mobility, and Convergence across China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 137–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_7.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Openness, Structural Factors, and Economic Growth across the Regions in China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 223–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_10.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Trade Openness and Economic Growth in China: Models, Implications, and Some Thoughts." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 299–328. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_14.

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Jiang, Yanqing. "Inputs Beyond Capital and Labor, the Neoclassical Growth Framework, and Limits to Growth in China." In Openness, Economic Growth and Regional Disparities, 161–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40666-9_8.

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Gao, Jian, and Shi Shude. "Regional Disparities of New Firm Formation in China." In Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in China, 203–30. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814273374_0008.

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"Southwest China: Local Conditions and Economic Trajectories." In Southwest China in a Regional and Global Perspective (c.1600-1911), 1–41. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004353718_002.

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Conference papers on the topic "China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities"

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Li, Yaling. "The Main Factors Change of Economic Growth Regional Economic Disparities in China and Economic Transformation of China." In 2nd International Conference on Humanities Science and Society Development (ICHSSD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichssd-17.2018.96.

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Li, Shuang, Chengqi Cheng, Xiangai Wang, and Zhiqiang Li. "Analyzing regional economic disparities based on ESDA in Yangtze River Delta, China." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326835.

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Zhao, Xiaofeng, and Mingming Zhang. "Evaluation and Regional Disparities of Modernization of Higher Education in China." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Education Innovation and Economic Management (SEIEM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/seiem-18.2019.88.

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Huang Yuanxi, Daniel Todd, Zhang Lei, Yang Bo, and Cheng Xiaoling. "Notice of Retraction: Study on economic distance in China: A new perspective of regional disparities." In Business Management and Electronic Information. 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5921088.

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Leventov, N. N. "PROSPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF HOME AND INBOUND TOURISM." In CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.66.

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The paper deals with new trends in the development of regional tourists' business under crisis conditions. The opportunities of digital transformations of home and inbound tourism are appreciated some versions of digital transformation of tourists' assets are offered.
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Doitchinova, Julia. "AGRICULTURE IN RURAL AREAS - CHANGES, IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.12.

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For two programming periods, Bulgarian agriculture has been developing in the conditions of our common and national agricultural policies. Adaptation processes have led to significant economic, social and environmental changes in farms and rural areas. The aim of the article is to assess the changes in the agricultural sector and their impacts on rural development. The analysis of changes in production and organizational structures and the impacts of rural development are assessed on the basis of statistical information and expert assessment of 163 specialists from regional directorates of Agriculture, municipal services and regional services of the National Agricultural Advisory System. The conclusions confirmed the upward development of Bulgarian agriculture, but with significant structural disparities and different in direction and strength impacts by regions of the country.
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Ekinci, Emine Demet, Tuba Şahinoğlu, Mine Gerni, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Relations between Competition and Cluster in the Theoretical Perspective: The Effects on Regional Development." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01031.

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Nowadays, it is the main target of all countries to generate information and make a technological product by commercializing the information. However, the countries are limited to developed countries. They can invest more in R&D and transmit new technologies created by their strong economic structure and sufficient human capital, to production process. Conversely, other countries can achieve their technological development as adaptation of imported technology to local conditions. Moreover, regional development has gained a new meaning to obtain regional competitiveness; no longer has regional development referred more than a plane being only an implementation of central policies aimed to reduce disparities among regions. As a result of all changes, firms have tried to integrate with the world as well as build their presence in the regional basis. However, the firms don’t have any qualification and resources to follow technological innovation continuously in the increasing global competition. For this reason, it is to emerge a requirement to build a partnership among the firms sharing same geographical space and industry. In this regard, by creating clusters at both national and regional level, policymakers aim to make their firms more competitive in the global race. In this study, it is discussed competitive, its effects on regional policy, and cluster policy as a regional policy tool. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effects of cluster in the context of competition and to provide a preliminary study on what might be done for successful policy application.
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Zhao, Dianhong. "Study on the evolution of rural land use function in developed areas of China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/xgnq9142.

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Under the background of "zero growth" of land use, there are many researches and explorations on the stock renewal of central urban areas in traditional planning. However, in recent years, the rural-led stock land use planning has attracted more and more attention with the development of land space planning. Village area is the basic unit of rural social and economic activities in China. The rational play of land use function in village area has important theoretical and practical significance for the realization of the multi-objective of rural revitalization under ecological civilization. Department of natural resources has issued the work pilot implementation of global land comprehensive improvement notice, rural red line "no increase of the aggregate land for construction purposes, ecological protection not breakthrough", so without any increase in construction land index on the basis of further promote rural land use composite function, is to solve the rural economy development and the important direction of rural land supply contradictions. This paper firstly makes a qualitative theoretical study on the compound mechanism of land use function in villages, and then takes 4 villages in southern Jiangsu province as examples to elaborate the compound mechanism of land use function in the development process. The results show that: (1) land use function changes due to its type and land use mode, and is indirectly influenced by natural resource endowment, social and economic conditions, regional policies, etc., the compound trend of land use function in different types of villages is often different; The land use function of the four villages in the town is as follows: the production function is transformed into the production-ecological composite function, and the living function is transformed into the production-life composite function. (3) summarize the planning of the basic ideas and function of the complex process, refine the agricultural land, unused land and construction land has the implementation of the functional complex strategy.
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Lu, Qing, Liyan Xu, Zhen Cai, and Xiao Peng. "The spectrum of metropolitan areas across the world, and detection of potential metropolitan areas with Chinese characteristics." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sdgu8646.

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When people talk about the Metropolitan Area (MA), they mean differently in different parts of the world with different contexts. Based on its spatial extent, internal structure, socio-economic function, and network characteristics, an MA can refer to various entities from a metropolis to a Megacity-region. In an effort to clarify the MA concept, we review the origin of the MA concept and its development in various parts of the world, especially the United States, Japan and China, so as to propose a spectrum of MAs, and their relationship with specific human and natural geographical contexts. Particularly, we find MAs in China typically have a unique three-circle structure, which is composed of a core circle, a commuting circle, and a functional metropolitan circle. By international comparable standards which include factors such as population density, facility density, and economic activity intensity, and adjusted with reasonable context-dependent considerations in China, the three circles are designated as follows: the spatial extent with the highest development intensity and assuming a central regional role is identified as the core circle; the districts and counties around the core circle with a commuting rate greater than 10% are identified as the commuting circle; and the districts and counties within an one-hour accessible zone are identified as the functional metropolitan circle. To test the model, we utilize eight sources of big data covering ecological background, population, economy, transportation, real estate, land use, infrastructure, and culture characteristics, and with a fusion analysis of the data we show how the factors combined give rise to the three-circle structure in typical Chinese MAs, and why the combination of the same factors in the US and Japanese contexts works otherwise to fill different niches in the spectrum of MAs mentioned above. For a further inquiry, within the framework of the same model and using the same dataset, we identify 32 cities from all 338 prefecture-level cities in China that would qualify as an MA or potential MA, which we call “the Metropolitan Areas with Chinese Characteristics”, and designate the spatial extent of the three circles within each of the MAs. Additional analyses are also conducted to locate the main development corridors, key growth poles, and currently underdeveloped regions in each of the MAs. We conclude the paper with discussions of potential challenges of MA development in China vis-a-vis current policies, such as cross-administration collaboration between jurisdictions within the same MA, and cross-scale collaboration between MAs, cities, and city groups. Placing the research in the global context, and considering the vast similarities between China and other developing countries in terms of population density, land resources, urbanization level, and socio-economic development status in general, we argue that China’s model of MAs may be also applicable to other developing countries. Therefore, this research may shed lights to planning researchers and practitioners around the world, especially in developing countries in understanding the development conditions of MAs in their own contexts, and also in methods for identifying and planning potential MAs to achieve their specific policy objectives.
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Reports on the topic "China – Economic conditions – Regional disparities"

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Diop, Ahmed. Country Diagnostic Study – Senegal. Islamic Development Bank Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21003.

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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for Senegal uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy. After decades of subdued and highly volatile economic growth due to heavy dependence on primary commodities and low productivity, Senegal experienced an unprecedented growth acceleration from 2014 to 2019. However, there appeared to be a weak correlation between economic growth and jobs creation. In addition, about 90 percent of non-agricultural employment is estimated to be informal. The national poverty rate decreased by 5 percentage points between 2011 and 2018. Nonetheless, the absolute number of poor people has increased. Furthermore, regional disparities are persistent. Despite the country’s solid performance in the field of governance, further simplification and transparency of business procedures and regulations will be critical in addressing the challenge of informality. Efforts to address informality in the economy should also target the issue of access to finance through the design of financing mechanisms based on specific needs assessment and risk management tools. Senegal will also need to create the conditions for higher competitiveness and follow upgrading trajectories in global and regional value chains. In this respect, both physical and digital connectivity will be essential.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Hungary. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhu.2020.12.

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In Hungary, NEET Youth are faced with many problems: social exclusion; lack of opportunities (e.g., education, health, infrastructure, public transport, labour market conditions); low so-cio-economic status; and, a lack of relationships outside the enclosed settlements. In Hungary, the most frequent risk factors are: a socio-economically disadvantageous envi-ronment; low levels of education and schooling problems; lack of proper housing; financial problems; learning difficulties; dissatisfaction with the school; socio-emotional disorders; delinquency; health problems; homelessness; and, drug or alcohol abuse. NEET Youth are fa-cing with this multi-dimensional difficulties, regional disparities and a lack of proper services.The general employment statistics have been improving in Hungary since 2010. The emplo-yment rate of the 15-39-year-old population has increased from 53.0% to 62.5% between 2009 - 2019. The employment rate improved in every type of settlement/area. The improve-ment can be attributed to the community work in the marginalised regions micro-regions and settlements. The NEET rate shows a considerable improvement of nearly 40% between 2009 and 2019 in the urban environment for all age groups. A slight improvement can be detected in the towns and urban environment, which amounts to 25% for all age groups between 2009 and 2019. However special services and targeted programmes are required to make a diffe-rence for NEET Youth.
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