Relevant bibliographies by topics / China, history, 21st century

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'China, history, 21st century'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "China, history, 21st century"

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Roland, Gerard. "Coexisting with China in the 21st century." Acta Oeconomica 69, s1 (2019): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2019.69.s1.5.

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Since Deng Xiaoping and reformers Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang launched radical market reforms in China, the country became a capitalist economic system with a communist political regime, a regime never observed before in history. We discuss the nature of that regime, how stable it is likely to be over time and what the challenges are for democracies of international coexistence with this new regime in the twenty first century.
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Lavengood, Zachary. "China and the 21st Century Arctic: Opportunities and Limitations." American Studies in Scandinavia 54, no. 2 (2022): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v54i2.6741.

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In 2018 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) released its Arctic policy and articulated its position, principles, and goals as a “near-Arctic state.” In the years since, China has become a central focus of the growing academic and professional discourse surrounding the emerging Arctic and has positioned itself as a consequential actor in regional affairs. This article examines the opportunities and limitations for China in the High North by focusing on its four key drivers for Arctic engagement: resource extraction, international shipping, scientific pursuits, and international prestige. This article finds that while China’s involvement in Arctic affairs is growing, there are still significant roadblocks to its ambitions which it will need to overcome in order to reach its goal of being recognized as an Arctic power.
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Liu, Yuxin, and Gang Chen. "The power of Chinese aesthetic culture: history versus modernity." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 3-1 (2023): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202303statyi33.

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The article analyzes the aesthetic culture of China. The nature of the aesthetic culture of China and its distinctive essence are determined; the nature of the relationship between the aesthetic culture of Western civilization and the aesthetic culture of China is revealed; the prospects for the development of aesthetic culture of China in the 21st century are outlined.
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Guriev, Sergei. "Autocracy in the 21st Century." Tocqueville Review 45, no. 1 (2024): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.45.1.61.

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Thirty years after Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History”, the liberal democracy model is under pressure. However, a closer look at today’s autocratic challengers to democracy suggests that they do not offer an alternative model. We discuss four models of modern autocracies: China, oil-rich monarchies, traditional dictatorships based on mass repression and fear and, the most numerous one, spin dictatorships. China’s growth miracle is coming to an end—precisely because of the internal political problems that the autocratic political system cannot resolve. Oil-rich dictatorships may deliver prosperity, but their model is not replicable—at least until their imitators discover large oil reserves. Traditional fear-based dictatorships are poor and do not provide an attractive alternative. The spin dictatorships—while being best suited for the modern global economy with open borders and new communication technologies—are also not a real challenge precisely because they pretend to be democracies, thus recognizing the desirability of the democratic model among the voters.
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Xiaoyan, Gu, Ju Yunsheng, and Qi Hongwei. "Russian-Chinese relations up to the 21st century: the history of development." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 2-2 (2023): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202302statyi38.

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This article explores the historical development of relations between Russia and China, focusing on the crises that have arisen between the two countries and on measures to strengthen cooperation and friendly relations between Russia and China.
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Mao, Weizhun. "Muddle or march: China and the 21st century Concert of Powers." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 57, spe (2014): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201400215.

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Concert of Powers has emerged as an attractive modality in global governance. As an emerging power, China must seriously take this template into account. This article seeks to analyze the incentives, possibilities, and uncertainties for China to participate in Concert with reference to China's history memory on Concert, China's intellectual endeavors, as well as China's evolving foreign preferences. It concludes that China is generally qualified and capable of being a key participant in Concert of Powers with increasing willingness. Yet, China's involvement depends on 1) if Concert template can overcome its own deficiencies; 2) if Concert have competitive advantages compared with other governance alternatives for China; and 3) if China can keep its momentum on both willingness and capacity in power transition.
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Wang, Qing, and José A. Tapia Granados. "Economic growth and mental health in 21st century China." Social Science & Medicine 220 (January 2019): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.031.

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Awan, Abdul Ghafoor. "China’s Economic Growth - 21st Century Puzzle." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 2, no. 2 (2013): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v2i2.177.

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China’s fast economic growth since 1960s was the result of gradual shift in its economic system, open door policy and its accession to the world trade organization. The institutional reforms and access to foreign markets has been followed by investment strategies expanded 45% of Chinese GDP during last 40 years. The consistent vertical economic growth has no precedent in the economic history of the world. China has increased its share in world trade from 0.5% in 1960 to 10% in 2010 and accumulated foreign exchange reserves of US$3.19 trillion by March 2013. It is not less than a miracle.
 The objective of this study is to investigate into the Chinese labour productivity and output in the short and long-run perspective to detect the real source of Chinese economic growth.
 Our study is spread over a period starting from 1962 to 2010 because of political and economic stability with minor crisis. The data was taken from China Bureau of National Statistics, IMF, World Bank and relevant research Journals and books. The variables included in this study are: labour productivity, investment, exports, R&D expenses, capital stock, open door policy, real exchange rate and US GDP. The VAR model proposed by Johansen (1988), Johansen and Juselius (1990,1994) and Hendry and Mizon (1993) was used to measure the nature of relations among the above variables. Different tests including unit root test were applied to test the stability of the model.
 The Econometric results show that international trade and investment in capital stock and R&D expenses by Chinese Government are the major determinants, which are responsible for enhancing labour productivity and output in the long-run, Similarly, real exchange rate appears as an important determinant to explain change in output in the long-run. US GDP has played no role in explaining Chinese output growth.
 JEL Classification Code: F43; O47
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Leping, Xiong, and Tan Yawen. "The history of the development of educational cooperation between Russia and China through the prism of “soft power”." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 11-3 (2022): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi26.

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The theory of “soft power” appeared in the late 20th century. Since the 21st century, China began to actively develop “softpower” and achieved satisfactory results. Modern Russia has not only inherited the rich soft power resources of the Soviet Union, but also continues to promote cultural diplomacy. China and Russia, as close neighbors, have a long history of educational exchanges. Nevertheless, at the present stage in China-Russia educational exchanges there are some problems, which should be solved by the joint efforts of both countries.
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Ali, Ismail, and Singgih Tri Sulistiyono. "A Reflection of “Indonesian Maritime Fulcrum” Initiative: Maritime History and Geopolitical Changes." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, no. 1 (2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i1.8081.

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The announcement of a maritime economic initiative known as the 21st Century Maritime Silk Route (MSR) by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 created a new paradigm shift in the geo-economy and geo-politics of countries in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. With this initiative, China aims to rebuild maritime lines in the seas and oceans where China once was regarded as one of the world's leading powers. In contrast to countries in Southeast Asia, which still hold divergent views on the Chinese initiative, Indonesia sees it as an opportunity to develop regions that have long been marginalized from development. It is in line with the shift in Indonesia’s global economic-political agenda in the 21st century through a doctrine known as "Indonesia as a Maritime Fulcrum," which was initiated by “Jokowi” Widodo and Jusuf Kalla in 2014. Taking into account the importance of this idea in Indonesia's geo-economic and geo-political agenda, this study is to reflect on Indonesia’s history as a global maritime and trade power before it was undermined by the Dutch occupation. In addition, using historical approach, this study aims to see and evaluate how the idea of "Indonesia as a Maritime Fulcrum" can restore Indonesia’s reputation as a major maritime power in the Southeast Asian archipelago.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "China, history, 21st century"

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Porter, Anthony G. "China's modus operandi for the 21st Century." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA491923.

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Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2005.<br>Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 6, 2010). "CSC 2005" "Subject Area Topical Issues" Includes bibliographical references.
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Hackenbracht, Julie Elizabeth. "Small Screen China: An Exploration of Contemporary Social Issues as Depicted in Chinese TV Dramas." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10307.

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viii, 116 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>As Mainland China transitions from a planned socialist economy to one more market-focused, its economic successes have garnered attention worldwide. However, this astounding economic growth brought with it a number of negative side effects, including corruption and a resurgence ofprostitution. Gender relations have also undergone major shifts from state mandated gender equality in the Mao era to a call for the refeminization ofwomen in the Reform era. How is the Chinese population navigating this transition? In this thesis, I utilize existing melodrama theory and relevant sociological studies to explore how three Chinese TV dramas-I'm Not a Hero (2004), Close to You, Make Me Warm (2006), and Give Me a Cigarette (2006), later renamed Evening Rain--expose and explore some of these existing social problems, providing a platform for their viewers to reflect on and explore these issues on their own.<br>Committee in Charge: Tze-Ian Sang, Chair; Alison Groppe; Eileen Otis
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Poon, Letty, and 潘穎芝. "Piano culture in Hong Kong: from City Hall toHarbour City." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38711163.

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Fung, Chi-ming, and 馮志明. "Interpreting and presenting heritage sites for the 21st century: the case for junior secondary students inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42181434.

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Zhang, Haomin. "Stock return reversal and continuance anomaly in Hong Kong : recent evidence from 2000 to 2010." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1438.

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Lu, Xiaoyan. "A contemporary brand China : an investigation into the development of brand China in the context of global socio-political and cultural influences in the 21st century." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/165515/.

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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the cold war the global economy has begun to shift its centre of gravity towards the East. This, combined with the consolidation of the power of multi-national corporations and banks and the globalisation of markets at virtually all levels, has led to the emergence of massive new global players in terms of markets and production. Despite the fact that China, unlike the Soviet Union, maintained its political system, it has emerged as a major economic global power and is extending and consolidating it’s economic and political global influence into the 21st Century. Despite China’s economic influence which is acknowledged in its positive economic and political relations with its historical ideological enemies, the ubiquitous presence of Chinese made products and unprecedented domestic and international openness it remains dogged by broadly negative perceptions in the West. This study aims to address this problem through the application of the emerging theories of Nation Branding to envisage China as a brand and to investigate possibilities for the establishment of a competitive brand identity for China as a nation. Therefore, the research addresses the issue of how China can establish a contemporary nation brand and identifies the parameters for its sustainability and management in the 21st century. To this end the study has developed a working definition of the term ‘nation branding’ as a strategically managed process of applying branding techniques to nations in order to gain competitive advantages by improving the perceived image and promoting the principle values of a nation. The study underpins the application of this theoretical model with an investigation into the specificity of the historical context of advertising and branding in China in the 20th Century. The aims and objectives of the study are incorporated into the design brief for a contemporary logo for brand China and it is through the execution of the brief by the researcher as reflective practitioner in the role of art director and designer that the study consolidates the findings of the theoretical research through specific design problems. The study concludes with an evaluative reflection of the interactions between the theoretical and practical outcomes of the research in which it is proposed that addressing the highly specific design problems of brand identity development provides a focussed point of convergence for the extensive and complex issues involved in the conceptualisation of the nation as a brand. It is proposed that the study provides the conceptual tools for the development of China as a contemporary nation brand.
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李芷昕. "香港 : 小說「文革」 = Hong Kong : narrating "the Chinese Cultural Revolution"". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/801.

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Yu, Liwen, and 余麗文. "Politicizing poetics: the (re)writing of the social imaginary in modern and contemporary Chinese poetry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841628.

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Leung, Kwan-hoo Crsis, and 梁君豪. "Hong Kong retail industry in 21st century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269540.

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Hixson, Thomas Matthew. "Strengthening China's church leadership for the 21st century." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "China, history, 21st century"

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Jean-Eric, Aubert, ed. China and the knowledge economy: Seizing the 21st century. World Bank, 2001.

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Lam, Anthony S. K. Conflict and dialogue: Church and state relations in early 21st century China. Holy Spirit Study Centre, 2020.

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Colin, Mackerras, and Clarke Michael, eds. China, Xinjiang and Central Asia: History, transition and crossborder interaction into the 21st century. Routledge, 2009.

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1967-, Gries Peter Hays, and Rosen Stanley 1942-, eds. State & society in 21st century China: Crisis, contention, and legitimation. RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

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Saich, Tony. Political governance in China. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014.

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1957-, Guo Sujian, ed. China's "peaceful rise" in the 21st century: Domestic and international conditions. Ashgate, 2006.

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1967-, Gries Peter Hays, and Rosen Stanley 1942-, eds. State and society in 21st century China: Crisis, contention, and legitimation. Routledge, 2004.

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Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N. China in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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Will China Dominate the 21st Century? Polity Press, 2017.

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Will China Dominate the 21st Century? Polity Press, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "China, history, 21st century"

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Xuân, Phan Thị Hồng. "The Bubble Tea Culture of Young People in Ho Chi Minh City - A Cross-Cultural Exchange Between Taiwan (China) and Vietnam in the 21st Century." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_124.

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AbstractMarketed in Vietnam’s megacities in the early years of the 21st century, Taiwanese bubble tea has quickly been accepted and loved by the young Vietnamese generation. In the beginning, bubble tea was served by “Taiwanese bubble tea” vendors located near schools. From 2003 up to now, the top 50 Taiwanese bubble tea brands have appeared increasingly with innovations in order methods, professional service, equipment, and packaging, especially creating suitable flavors for Vietnamese,… making bubble tea originated in Taiwan- becomes a phenomenon, a cultural trend of young people in urban areas, especially Ho Chi Minh City. By anthropological research approaches as participant-observation, in-depth interviews of bubble tea’ fans, including students, graduate students who studied in Taiwan, and office workers; based on transcultural concepts as well as cultural acculturation, article “The Bubble tea culture of young Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh City - the transcultural relation between Taiwan and Vietnam in the 21st century” is presented by the author through two main contents: (1) History of bubble tea in Ho Chi Minh City (2) From Taiwanese bubble tea culture to bubble tea drinking culture in Ho Chi Minh City.
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Roberts, Adam. "21st-Century Science Fiction." In The History of Science Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56957-8_16.

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Clarke, Michael. "Xinjiang in the 21st century." In Critical Issues in Contemporary China, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003227014-6.

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Cohen, Paul A. "Nineteenth-Century China." In A Companion to Chinese History. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118624593.ch13.

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Pass, Jonathan. "The China ‘Challenge’." In American Hegemony in the 21st Century. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429459061-6.

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Feng, Jie. "Fashion Design in Altermodern China." In Fashion in 21st Century China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2926-6_1.

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Meerzon, Yana. "Tragedy and the Crisis of History." In Staging 21st Century Tragedies. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003046479-3.

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Gehrenbeck, Lupe, and Emiliana Duarte. "Aoidoi of a Country's Living History." In Staging 21st Century Tragedies. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003046479-19.

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Bai, Yuli. "Projecting Authenticity with Cultural Heritage: Chinoiserie of Contemporary Chinese Fashion Designer Brands." In Fashion in 21st Century China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2926-6_2.

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Han, Han. "Disclosure of Mainland Chinese Youngsters in Hong Kong—The Acculturation and Consumption." In Fashion in 21st Century China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2926-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "China, history, 21st century"

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Vang, E., I. I. ,. Orlov, and M. L. Polovinkina. "A Brief Overview of Historiography of Traditional Chinese Art." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. НИЦ "LJournal", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/satm-08-2023-03.

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This article examines the historiography of the problem of exploring the features of traditional art in China, which has been most clearly formed since about the 19th century. Later, already in the 20th century, the art and culture of the Chinese habitat is already clearly manifested in the variety of types and subjects of fine and decorative arts. The article gives a brief historiography of the problem from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, when hundreds of articles were published on the visual and decorative applied traditional art of China. They present both scientific and informational materials on the general history of the emergence of traditional art, as well as on individual objects of Chinese traditional art.
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Huang, Siyi, Jiawei Wang, Lei Mao, Juan Ren, and Lei Zhang. "New Space Exploration of Chinese Education in the 21st Century Based on Heuristic Infiltration Teaching Method." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002405.

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With the rapid development of China in recent decades, people's life has undergone a qualitative change, facing a new way of life and a new way of thinking. In this context, this study will discuss what kind of buildings, Spaces and urban status have changed with these changes, which will change, what architects can do for these changes, and what attitude they should hold towards these changes.This study comes from the open architecture design course of the School of Architecture of Chang 'an University in 2021, which is taught by Lei Mao, an architect who graduated from Berlage Institute. The course trains students' comprehensive ability to find and solve problems in the design process through the classical heuristic and penetrative teaching method of Berlage Institute.Research contents and objectivesSince the 1970s, the resumption of National College Entrance Examination has restored order to the country's selection of talent, but the single and fixed selection method has led to the internal examination of learning competition, and thus the cram school system, which is independent of the education system. This paper will systematically study this new type of remedial education space.The author tries to through the method of design, research of urban living space in the phenomenon summarized, analysis, deconstruction, at the same time, compare with standardized format education space, summarized similarities and differences of the two, in the study based on the results of analysis of continuation education space in the form of architecture design of refactoring.Research pathResearch path :(1) Determination of research object (2) Construction of research framework (3) Investigation and information collection (4) Induction and analysis of spatial features (5) Expression of design drawings.Firstly, the architectural environment space of the cram school is determined as the research topic. Then, the research framework of the space history and type of cram school was set up. According to the framework, information was collected and the internal scale of space was studied. The research results were expressed with plan and axonometric map. At last, based on the preliminary research, the architectural design is carried out. In this stage, the connection between architecture and exterior is no longer emphasized, but the organization of the internal space of the building, and the reality is reflected through the design results, which causes social reflection.4. Conclusion(1) Architecture and space often develop with the changes of The Times. The cram school space evolved from the traditional education space, but its profit and commodity nature makes it different from the education space such as school.(2) Intensive cram school buildings are likely to emerge in the future. In the course, the relationship between architectural space scale, crowd and activity type is discussed, and the possibility of intensive design of cram school is proposed. Complement the existing educational space.(3)The architect in the design of new type of space, through combing the historical trace of the spatial analysis of the current existing strong correlation and weak correlation space types, explore the space variable and variable, on the basis of this system between ground-to-air refactoring, to get a new space pattern and space form.
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Ba Trinh, Nguyen. "Human History Is Convergent History." In 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences in the 21st Century. GLOBALKS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.ics21.2020.03.117.

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Wang, Yu. "CHINESE TEA TRADE HISTORY FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1678-9-2021-1-70-79.

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В данной статье описана история становления и развития чайной торговли в Древнем и Средневековом Китае. Автор последовательно рассматривает чай как сельскохозяйственную культуру, как элемент товарно-денежных отношений, важный источник пополнения государственного бюджета и часть финансовой системы страны, а также как инструмент внешнеполитического давления на сопредельные кочевые народы. На протяжении всей истории Китая чай играл важную роль в культурной и хозяйственной жизни страны. Так, в Древнем Китае чай использовался в основном как подношение императору и способ поощрения императором высшей знати, а во времена династии Тан, после постройки Великого ка-нала, от чайной торговли уже напрямую зависело экономическое благосостояние империи и ее внешнеполитическая стабильность, так как чай был меновым товаром для пополнения армии лошадьми, а зависимость кочевников от потребления чая превратилась в инструмент контроля над кочевниками императорским правительством.
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Aubele, Jayne C., and Larry S. Crumpler. "21ST CENTURY NATURAL HISTORY: PLANETARY GEOLOGY IN MUSEUMS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286924.

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Krayneva, Irina, and Olga Savelova. "Female programming face (mid 1950s – early 21st century)." In 2021 7th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/histelcon52394.2021.9787301.

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Bowers, K. "Channel Tunnel rail link: 21st Century tunnelling under London." In Summer Event on History of Electrical Engineering. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20030182.

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Borghese, J., and R. Collins. "Avionics reality check: A history and 21st century challenges." In 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2012.6383138.

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Bazarov, Andrey A. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHISM IN NORTHWEST CHINA (14TH CENTURY)." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1678-9-2021-1-27-37.

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Статья посвящена анализу развития тибетского буддизма на территории Северо-Западного Китая в XIV в. Материалом для исследования послужил трактат выдающегося монгольского ученого Чахар-геше [тиб. cha har dge bshes blo bzang tshul khrims, 1740–1810] «Источник всего благого и счастья: жизнеописание великого всеведущего Чже Цонкапы, изложенное легким для понимания образом» [тиб. rje thams cad mkhyen pa’i tsong kha pa chen po’i rnam thar go sla bar brjod pa bde legs kun gyi ‘byung gnas]. Данная работа является примером буддийской исторической мысли XVIII–XIX вв. и обладает ярко выраженной спецификой изложения, определяемой как личностью автора, так и историко-культурными обстоятельствами. Исследуемый фрагмент данного сочинения, связанный с историей взаимоотношений реформатора тибетского буддизма с его учителем Дондуб Ринченом, является фундаментальным историческим свидетельством о важней-ших религиозных и культурных процессах, имевших место на обширных территориях Северо-Западного Китая в период XIV в. Для сравнительно-исторического анализа привлечены методы конкретного изучения биографических данных в контексте исторических событий. Специфика развития Северо-Западного Китая в исследуемом произведении рассматривается в качестве сложного этно-социального и религиозного процесса, имевшего место в XVI в. Авторы пришли к выводу, что формирование новых социальных объединений тибетцев и монгол в имперских условиях династии Юань, во-многом, определялось буддийским фактором в качестве фундамента происходящих изменений. В биографии Чже Цонкапы данная социально-историческая обстановка излагается на основе взаимоотношений учителя и ученика. Масштаб достижений ученого и ре-форматора тибето-монгольского буддизма Чже Цонкапы отражен в некоторых фрагментах первоначального периода его жизненного пути.
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Lepneva, Mariia L. "GENERAL HISTORIES OF CHINESE BUDDHISM IN CONTEMPOTARY CHINA AND JAPAN." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1678-9-2021-1-79-87.

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Объектом рассмотрения в данной статье является ход составления всеобщих историй (кит. тунши, яп. цу:си 通史) китайского буддизма в Китае и Японии в со-временную эпоху. Как показало исследование, японская наука на протяжении значительной части XX в. играла лидирующую роль в познании общей картины истории буддизма в Китае. Академические круги сначала на Тайване, а потом на материке осуществили перевод ряда японских трудов на китайский язык. С 1980-х гг. начался подъём собственных исследований в Китае, а в XXI в. вышло несколько многотомных всеобщих историй китайского буддизма.
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Reports on the topic "China, history, 21st century"

1

Bellacqua, James. China-Russia. Relations in the Early 21st Century. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470567.

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Scott, Frances K. U.S. - China Relations: Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570489.

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LeBlanc, Lee D. 21ST Century United States Military Strategy for East Asia: Countering an Emerging China. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424084.

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St-Pierre, Hank. The Dragon Awakens: China Faces Instability and Uncertainty as It Enters the 21st Century. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393716.

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AIR FORCE ACADEMY COLORADO SPRINGS CO. China - U.S. Relations in the 21st Century: Fostering Cooperation, Preventing Conflict. Special Bibliography Series Number 91. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada324465.

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Jiang, Xiaowei, and John Cherry. History and Hydraulics of Flowing Wells. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/cpet1503.

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Because flowing wells are spectacular visual evidence of groundwater occurrence, they became the impetus for both qualitative and quantitative groundwater science. The pursuit of answers to fundamental questions generated by flowing wells in confined aquifers bounded by aquitards moved the science forward for more than a century until pumping became the main form of groundwater development. Since the turn of the 20th century, flowing wells in unconfined aquifers were an impetus for the paradigm shift from aquitard-bound flow to cross-formational flow driven by topography. In this book, the histories of drilling flowing wells in France, the US, Canada, and China—which led to important findings on hydraulics of flowing wells—are summarized. The occurrence of flowing wells in confined aquifers, unconfined aquifers and semi-confined aquifers are demonstrated by showing the corresponding forms of topography-driven groundwater flow from recharge to discharge areas in different aquifers. This book introduces classic models of steady-state and transient discharge rates from flowing wells without considering basinal groundwater flow fields as proposed by Dupuit (1863), Jacob and Lohman (1952), and Hantush (1959). Recent models of transient and steady-state discharge rates of flowing wells that consider basinal groundwater flow fields—which led to a clear understanding of sources of water derived in flowing wells—are also introduced. By providing a comprehensive description of flowing wells, this book is useful not only to understanding hydraulics of flowing wells, but also to understanding the history of groundwater science.
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Lowe, Hilary. ?To Keep a Birthplace?: An Administrative History of John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302805.

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The National Park Service (NPS) opened the John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site (JOFI), in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1969 to commemorate the life of the 35th president, John F. Kennedy, at the home where he was born in 1917. The site was a gift from Rose Kennedy, and the Kennedy family, to the nation. It joined the Park Service initially as part of a unit managed by the Boston Service Group, a regional administrative unit that managed many parks and units that were in development and several small sites. The Administrative History traces the history of the establishment and management of John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site from efforts to commemorate the house during his presidency through the beginning of the 21st century.
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Saleem, Raja M. Ali, Ihsan Yilmaz, and Priya Chacko. Civilizationist Populism in South Asia: Turning India Saffron. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0009.

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The 21st century has witnessed a significant shift in how the concept of nationalism is understood. A political marriage between identity politics and populism has resulted in “civilizationism,” a new form of nationalism that entails an emotionally charged division of society into “the people” versus “the Other.” All too often, the divisive discourses and policies associated with civilizationalist populism produce intercommunal conflict and violence. This paper draws on a salient case study, India’s Hindutva movement, to analyze how mainstream populist political parties and grassroots organizations can leverage civilizationist populism in campaigns to mobilize political constituencies. In surveying the various groups within the Hindutva movement and conducting a discourse analysis of their leaders’ statements, the paper shows the central role of sacralized nostalgia, history, and culture in Hindutva populist civilizationism. By analyzing the contours and socio-political implications of civilizationist populism through this case study, the paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of the concept more generally.
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Carpenter, Marie, and William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.

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Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, the problem is the dereliction of key US-based business corporations to take the lead in making the investments in organizational learning required to generate cutting edge communication-infrastructure products. No company in the United States exemplifies this deficiency more than Cisco Systems, the business corporation founded in Silicon Valley in 1984 that had explosive growth in the 1990s to become the foremost global enterprise-networking equipment producer in the Internet revolution. This paper provides in-depth analysis of Cisco’s organizational failure, attributing it ultimately to the company’s turn from innovation in the last decades of 20th century to financialization in the early decades of the 21st century. Since 2001, Cisco’s top management has chosen to allocate corporate cash to open-market share repurchases— aka stock buybacks—for the purpose of giving manipulative boosts to the company stock price rather than make the investments in organizational learning required to become a world leader in communication-infrastructure equipment for the era of 5G and IoT. From October 2001 through October 2022, Cisco spent $152.3 billion—95 percent of its net income over the period—on stock buybacks for the purpose of propping up its stock price. These funds wasted in pursuit of “maximizing shareholder value” were on top of the $55.5 billion that Cisco paid out to shareholders in dividends, representing an additional 35 percent of net income. In this paper, we trace how Cisco grew from a Silicon Valley startup in 1984 to become, through its innovative products, the world leader in enterprise-networking equipment over the next decade and a half. As the company entered the 21st century, building on its dominance of enterprise-networking, Cisco was positioned to upgrade its technological capabilities to become a major infrastructureequipment vendor to service providers. We analyze how and why, when the Internet boom turned to bust in 2001, the organizational structure that enabled Cisco to dominate enterprise networking posed constraints related to manufacturing and marketing on the company’s growth in the more sophisticated infrastructure-equipment segment. We then document how from 2002 Cisco turned from innovation to financialization, as it used its ample profits to do stock buybacks to prop up its stock price. Finally, we ponder the larger policy implications of Cisco’s turn from innovation to financialization for the competitive position of the US information-and-communication technology (ICT) industry in the global economy.
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Zhytaryuk, Marian. Агресія росії проти України і світу. Рефлексії в контексті виправдання війни д. мєдвєдєвим та в. путіним 4 листопада 2022 р. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11744.

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In this article the author analyzes in detail the “holiday” speeches by the former president of the russian federation dmitry medvedev and the current president vladimir putin devoted to the day of national unity of russia on November 4, 2022, in which politicians justify the war, call it sacred, a struggle between Good and Evil and predict their own victory. With the help of methods of critical analysis, the refutation of historical myths, the denial, an exposure and the generalization, the falsity and cynicism of the statements made regarding the expediency and possibility of geopolitical changes are demonstrated. The civilizational war of the russian federation against the Western democratic world, which began with aggression against the disobedience of neighboring Ukraine, which chose the Western vector of development, is gaining momentum. It would seem that in the 21st century global conflicts over territories are almost impossible, it is the time for the fourth-generation of war, but we can see that russia has various means in its arsenal, including weapons of mass destruction: aerial bombs, artillery, aviation, missile attacks, nuclear blackmail, rewriting history and ordinary lies. An analysis of the kremlin leaders’ military-strategic narratives about Ukraine and the West, shows the inadequacy and detachment of moscow politicians at the highest echelon of power from reality. Their aggressive and false rhetoric based on historical manipulations and maniacal efforts to transform the world order suggests that the kremlin will not stop on its own. Someone must stop him just decisively: either Ukraine or Ukraine’s allies. Sanction policy against the russian federation, political statements and words of support for Ukraine, even assistance with military equipment and finances may not be enough, because all these are certain procedures, a waste of time, and time today is the greatest value. Key words: Ukraine, russian federation, russian aggression, dmitry medvedev, vladimir putin, geopolitics.
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