Journal articles on the topic 'China. Xiang jun'

Abstract Background: CHASE001 (NCT05544123), a prospective, non-interventional multicenter study exploring real-world treatment and referral behavior of Chinese county patients (pts) with HER2+ or HR+/HER2– breast cancer is ongoing since September 2022. A prespecified interim analysis (IA) on 750 HER2+ and HR+/HER2- early breast cancer (eBC) was reported at the ESMO Congress 2023. In the 2nd IA from CHASE001, adjuvant treatment selection for patients with HR+/HER2- eBC will be evaluated. Methods: The study was designed to enroll 2500 pts, including four cohorts (HER2+ eBC, HR+/HER2-eBC, HER2+ advanced BC, and HR+/HER2- aBC). In this IA, HR+/HER2- eBC pts after surgery were included. Descriptive statistics reported patient demographics, clinical and disease characteristics and treatment patterns. To investigate the factors associated with chemotherapy-free regimen, non-anthracycline chemotherapy regimen and ovarian function suppression (OFS), univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: At data cutoff (May 17, 2023), 697 HR+/HER2- eBC pts (median age 52 years, 45.77% pT2, 50.93% pN0, 56.10% G2) were included from 26 institutions in China county areas, 338 (48.49%) were premenopausal. 584 (83.79%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, with a few (47/584, 8.05%) initially developing their treatment plan at a higher level hospital (national or provincial tertiary hospital). AC-T (309/584, 52.91%) was the most commonly used regimen. 181 (30.99%) pts received non-anthracycline chemotherapy regimen (mainly TC), and pts with N0, age≥65 years and ki67 < 20% had the strongest association to this regimen (multivariate OR=0.082, 95%CI [0.037,0.179], OR=0.463, 95%CI [0.250,0.859], and OR=0.642, 95%CI [0.418,0.985], respectively). Interestingly, on univariate analysis pts initially diagnosed in a higher level hospital were significantly associated with non-anthracycline regimen (P=0.0109), however on multivariate analysis it was no longer significant. 483 pts received endocrine therapy, including 234 (48.45%) premenopausal pts. The most commonly used endocrine regimen for premenopausal pts was OFS/OFS+ (122/234, 52.14%) ,of which half (61, 50%) were prescribed OFS+TAM/TOR; followed by TAM/TOR monotherapy (69/234, 29.49%). The proportions of patients classified as low, intermediate, and high clinical risk for recurrence (investigator assessed)were 33.62%, 42.67% and 23.71%. The OFS rate were 39.74% in low, 61.62% in intermediate and 70.91% in high risk pts, respectively. Multivariable analyses found that high clinical risk, age < 45 years and ki67 < 20% were strongly associated with the use of OFS (OR=0.210, 95%CI [0.066,0.674], OR=0.327, 95%CI [0.165,0.649], and OR=0.405, 95%CI [0.194,0.845], respectively). For postmenopausal pts, AI monotherapy (84.74%) was the most commonly used endocrine regimen. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first real-world study evaluating the treatment patterns and referral behavior of BC pts in China counties. The 2nd IA results presented showed the current systemic adjuvant treatment preferences and influence factors from a large sample of HR+/HER2- eBC pts in China counties, which were generally consistent with China BC treatment guidelines. Table 1. Utilization of adjuvant systemic therapy regimens in 697 HR+/HER2− eBC pts, China counties AC-T: (dd)doxorubicin/epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, followed by (dd)paclitaxel/docetaxel; TC: paclitaxel/docetaxel, cyclophosphamide; AC: doxorubicin/epirubicin, cyclophosphamide; TAC: docetaxel, doxorubicin/epirubicin, cyclophosphamide; TAM: tamoxifen; OFS: ovarian function suppression; AI: aromatase inhibitors; TOR: toremifene; CDK4/6i: cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors; “Other” category includes various therapies used in <1% of patients each Citation Format: Yinghua Ji, Honglan Qu, Feidu Zhou, Juan Wang, Qianfu Wu, Guohua Dai, Mengyou Liu, Wenbo He, Wei Liang, Qiuli Meng, Yun Ren, Guoxiang Luo, Hongjian Wang, Hui Liu, Zien Qin, Yingguo Tian, Huali Tang, Hongmei Liu, Jun Luo, Zengfeng Yu, Guinv Hu, Jianzhi Gao, Xiang Tan, Yi Liu, Yuanjiang Zhang, Ming Wang, Min Zhang, Ping Lu. Adjuvant Treatment Selection for County-Level Patients with HR+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer in a Real-Life Setting in China [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-16-08.

Among the five modern dance companies in China, Jin Xing's is perhaps the best known. In her choreography, Jin Xing suffuses a distinctly Western form with a unique Chinese perspective. But Jin Xing's fame arises not only from her choreography but from her sex-change operation, performed in Beijing in 1995. In this interview, Jin Xing explores all aspects of her work in a system where a decidedly unencouraging government keeps a close eye on public performances.

The distribution of the genus Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 in China is updated by reviewing literature and examining specimens. One new species, T. bomiensis Jin & Mi, sp. nov. (♂♀), is described from the Xizang Autonomous Region, China.

Since the Jin Hou Su chime-bells from the cemetery of the Jin lords at Tianma-Qucun, Shanxi, became known to the scholarly world, the problem of the dates contained in its inscription has attracted the attention of scholars both in and outside of China. In this article we discuss two aspects of this problem. First, while the “thirty-third year” date of the inscription must certainly refer to King Xuan's reign, which is to say 795 B.C., the four full date notations of the inscription are incompatible with this year, but are instead compatible with the following year, 794 B.C. This article suggests two ways to reconcile this discrepancy. Second, while there can be no doubt that Jin Hou Su is Jin Xian Hou, the “Jin shijia” chapter of the Shi ji gives his dates of reign as 822 to 812 B.C., which is in turn incompatible with either 795 or 794 B.C. However, in the Shi ji's genealogy of Jin lords, the son of Xian Hou is Mu Hou and the grandson of Mu Hou is Zhao Hou, which contradicts the zhao-mu structure of the Zhou ancestral system. Therefore, we propose that the Shiji has reversed the order of Xian Hou and Mu Hou, such that Xian Hou's reign actually extended from King Xuan's thirty-third year through his forty-third year (795-785 B.C.). Not only does this simple change in the genealogy of the Jin lords resolve the problem of the dates in the Jin Hou Su bells inscription, but it also serves to explain an entire array of problems in the chronology of early China.

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum, a new species from Motuo County, Southeast Xizang, China, is described and illustrated here. This new species belongs to Bulbophyllum sect. Umbellata Bentham & J. D. Hooker, and it is morphologically similar to B. umbellatum Lindley, B. guttulatum (J. D. Hooker) N. P. Balakrishnan and B. salweenensis X.H. Jin, but is distinguished from them by having reflexed petals, base of dorsal sepal with 1 dentate on each side, lip with significantly revolute margin, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches and one longitudinal groove.

On 9 March 2017, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal chaired by Professor Lucy Reed, with co-arbitrators Dr. Michael Pryles (Ansung's appointee) and Professor Albert Jan van den Berg (China's appointee) (the Tribunal), issued its award in Ansung Housing Co., Ltd. v. People's Republic of China (the Award). The dispute arose out of Ansung's investment in a golf course and condominium development project in Sheyang-Xian, China. The Award dismissed Ansung's claim and ordered Ansung to pay 75% of China's legal fees and expenses, as well as the direct costs of the proceeding.

Introduction. The southern Chinese empire of Eastern Jin, which lost its northern lands in 316, did not lose hope of reclaiming its territories. The East Jin commander Huan Wen undertook three military expeditions to Northern China: the first campaign of 354 (against the northwestern “barbarian” kingdom of the Di clan — Former Qin), the second campaign of 356 (against the rebellious Northern Chinese barbarian general Yao Xiang), and the third campaign of 368 (against the Xianbei kingdom of Former Yan). The purpose of the article was to give a general overview and a brief analysis of the events associated with the three campaigns, as well as to identify the causes and consequences of the victories and defeats of the Chinese side. Materials and methods. The main research methods were historical-genetic, historical-biographical, and historical-geographical analysis of relevant events and personalities. The major source of information about the events associated with Huan Wen’s three campaigns to the North is the official dynastic history “History of the Jin [Dynasty]” (“Jin Shu”), namely the Zaiji section and the Liezhuan biographical section. Results. The unsuccessful outcome of the initially successful campaigns of Huan Wen may be explained by the factional struggle between the capital (Yangzhou) and regional (Jingzhou) groupings of the ruling elite of the Eastern Jin state, as well as the general degradation of the central government apparatus. The crushing defeat of the third northern campaign led to the loss of the territories in Central China previously conquered by the Jin army and the decline of the court career of Huan Wen himself. But his clan remained an influential power in the Jingzhou region.

Fan Xing é professora assistente do Departamento de Espanhol, Português e Italiano da Universidade de Pequim e doutora em Teoria e História Literária pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Atua nas áreas de literatura brasileira, estudos culturais e tradução literária. Publicou vários artigos acadêmicos em periódicos importantes, nomeadamente Foreign Literature Review (China), New Perspectives on World Literature (China) e Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada (Brasil). É coordenadora do projeto de pesquisa: “Os escritores brasileiros da esquerda da ‘geração de 30”, financiado pela Fundação Nacional das Ciências Sociais da China. É tradutora das seguintes obras: Tenda dos Milagres, A Morte e a Morte de Quincas Berro d’Água, Três Contos Ilustrados e O Menino Grapiúna, de Jorge Amado; Jesusalém, de Mia Couto; Brasil: País do Futuro, de Stefan Zweig; O Demônio e a Srta. Prym, de Paulo Coelho, entre outros. Em 2019, traduziu de chinês para português, em colaboração com o Professor Francisco Foot Hardman, Viagem à América do Sul de Ai Qing, que ganhou o primeiro lugar do prêmio da Associação Brasileira de Editoras Universitárias (ABEU) e foi um dos cinco finalistas do prêmio Jabuti na categoria “Tradução” em 2020... [Recebido em: 21 mai. 2022 – Aceito em: 18 jun. 2022]

Zhu et al. (1997) erected the tetragnathid genus Wolongia to accommodate Wolongia guoi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 and Wolongia wangi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 collected from the Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces in China. In 2009, Ping et al. described Wolongia odontodes from the Gaoligong Mountains and remained with a nominal representation after the erection of the genus. This situation was somewhat rectified by Jin-long Wan & Xian-jin Peng (2013) reporting seven new species from the Gaoligong Mountains (Yunnan Province, southwest China). The genus currently with ten nominal species; three are known only from females, while seven are from both sexes (World Spider Catalog 2017). During our survey in Pathiramanal Island we found an undescribed Wolongia species. This is one of the most diverse areas of the Kerala state of Southern India, situated in the Vembanad Lake, a Ramsar Convention (2013) site (wetland of international importance). In this paper, we describe this new species and provide the first report of Wolongia from India.

Abstract This paper attempts to delineate the relation of early Chinese views on vision and visuality to nascent reflections on painting arising in the Early Medieval period. Ever since that time, pictorial creativity has been associated with Buddhist ideas of spiritual perfection. Likewise, the Early Medieval concern for the visualization of spiritual journeys to exceptional humans (and superhumans) through imaginary landscapes seems to be of Buddhist origin. The first part of this paper gives a short sketch of the intellectual landscape in which theorizing on painting since the 5th century CE first arose. The main body of the study, consisting of parts two through five, close readings of pre-Buddhist texts on vision and imagination. From these exploratory investigations it emerges that the very terms that are key in early reflections on painting such as ‘spirit’ (shen 神), ‘perspicacity’ (ming 明), but also ‘imagination’ (xiang 想) and ‘symbol’ (xiang 象) are closely related to a specific conception of seeing and visuality which is manifest in these texts. A final part sketches the possible relevance of these observations in early and pre-imperial sources for the interpretation of Chinese theories on painting. It emerges that while the rising interest in imagination since the Eastern Jin period is indeed an innovation inspired by Buddhism, the extraordinary role of the notion of ‘spirit’ in reflections about painting is closely related to earlier autochthonous traditions. The appeal to specifically Buddhist notions such as the samādhi of free play in texts on pictorial production and contemplation appears to be of a secondary character. It seems to be mediated by the inclusion of the very word ‘spirit’ (shen) into Chinese renderings of technical Buddhist terms related to meditation, which resulted in the implicit association of this specialist vocabulary with inherited conceptions of spirit as a luminous force animating, inspiring and enlightening things, in both quite a literal and in a rather metaphorical sense.

Most of the existing studies on Gui-Yi, which is a kind of ancient women’s dress of China, are barely about the interpretation of Xian (ie. a long ribbon made of silk) and Shao (ie. a hanging fabric of cloth, shaped like a swallow tail, tied to the waist) of Gui-Yi, on whose origin, development and evolution of the shape and structure there are few discussions. Based upon summarizing the literature, this paper points out that Gui-Yi in Han Dynasty was originated from a relic of San-di (ie. three kinds of ceremonial dress worn by queens in The Rites of Zhou Dynasty-a classical book in ancient China on the bureaucratic establishment system of Zhou Dynasty and the system of states in Warring States Period). In the paper, Gui-Yi is divided into two kinds according to images in archaeological studies, namely, the ‘Gui-Yi in one-piece system’ (‘one-piece system’ is Chinese robe) and ‘Gui-Yi in separate system’ (‘separate system’ is a kind of suit that consists of blouses and skirts). The former was popular in Han Dynasty, and the latter was popular in Wei &Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties. The change of the shape and structure of Gui-Yi conforms to the historical trend that the ‘Gui-Yi in one-piece system’ entered a recession in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the ‘Gui-Yi in separate system’ became a popular mainstream in Wei &Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition, the paper points out female images wearing Gui-Yi in Gu Kaizhi's paintings influenced the expression of Gui-Yi image of Wei & Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Gui-Yi were gradually brought into immortal statues during painters’ artistic processing of that time.

This study attempted to investigate the influence of values on appearance perception and scalp & hair care behavior against Chinese women. An online survey was conducted through WEN JUAN XING from September 11 to 30, 2021 among adult women in their 20-30s in Liaoning Province, China. Among 430 questionnaires distributed, 328 copies were collected. Then, 289 copies were used for the final analysis, excluding 39 poorly answered ones. The collected data were analyzed, using SPSS WIN 21.0. The above results confirm that ‘self-achievement orientation’, ‘sensitivity orientation’, and ‘social-relationship orientation’ are important factors affecting appearance perception. In addition, ‘material orientation’ was a key factor that affected ‘appearance perception’. Furthermore, ‘practice orientation’, ‘sensitivity orientation’, and ‘social-relationship orientation’ influenced ‘scalp & hair care behavior’. In particular, ‘sensitivity orientation’ and ‘social-relationship orientation’ were key factors affecting ‘appearance perception’ and ‘scalp & hair care behavior’. It is also confirmed that ‘self-achievement orientation’ and ‘material orientation’ were important factors.

Statement of the problem. The twentieth century marked an increased interest in polyphonic music. The geography of polyphonic works for piano expanded significantly and a creative development of many Chinese composers, writing polyphonic piano pieces, took place. Today, polyphonic pieces make up a significant part of the piano repertoire in China, but they are little studied by musicologists and performers. The objective of this study – to reveal the contribution of Chinese composers to the creation of polyphonic piano repertoire of the XX – early XXI century. Analysis of the research and publications on the theme. А large number of modern authors study polyphony from the point of physical and mathematical research methods (Igarashi, Yu. & Ito, Masashi & Ito, Akinori, 2013; Weiwei, Zhang & Zhe, Chen, & Fuliang, Yin, 2016; Li, Xiaoquan et al. others, 2018). This approach does not reveal the factual musical component of polyphonic genres. In the 20th century, musicologists explored polyphony in musical folklore (Wiant, 1936; Fan Zuyin, 2004; Li Hong, 2015) and in professional Chinese composing (Sun Wei-bo, 2006, Winzenburg, 2018). The scientific novelty. This article studies the role of Chinese composers in the development of the world polyphonic piano repertoire of the XX – early XXI century. The methodological basis for the analysis of polyphonic works was the theoretical concepts of P. Hindemith, Peng Cheng, Fang Zuin, Li Hong, Sun Wei-bo. The results of the study. The research outcomes demonstrate the evolutionary development of the genre diversity of Chinese piano polyphony as well as those composers who created magnificent musical pieces. Conclusions. Chinese composers have fully mastered the art of modern counterpoint, represented by the genres of polyphonic program pieces (He Lu Ting), invention (Xiao Shu Xian, Du Qian, Sun Yun Yin, Chen Chen Quang), polyphonic suite (Ma Gui), large polyphonic cycle ( He Shao, Chen Hua Do, Xiao Shu Xian), fugue (Li Jun Yong, Yu Su Yan, Chen Gang, Tian Lei Lei, Duan Ping Tai, Zheng Zhong, Xiao Shu Xian) and small cycle “Prelude and Fugue” (Ding Shan Te, Chen Zhi Ming, Wang Li Shan). Creatively assimilating and rethinking the experience of Western polyphonists, Chinese composers have filled their polyphonic works with national features, firmly linking them with the origins of Chinese traditional and folk music. The polyphonic way of transmitting musical material becomes the most expressive at the moments of profound creativity and musical dramatization.

Over the past few decades, there has been a noticeable focus on adolescents' learning and participation activities. Surveys and studies conducted in academic schools in China have reported an increase in cases of adolescents experiencing learning difficulties. The previouis research has linked the concept of learning difficulties and disabilities within the broader cultural, social, and academic context. Existing studies shed light on various factors responsible for triggering learning difficulties and how to resolve them. The literature commonly identifies academic factors, such as the school environment and teaching styles, as potential causes of learning difficulties. However, studies have often neglected social elements, including the role of parents and an individual's self-efficacy. This study examines personal and social factors to analyze their impact on the psychological resilience of adolescents. A quantitative design was adopted where data was collected from adolescents across China through Wen Juan Xing. The findings imply that parental involvement, but not self-efficacy, significantly impacts psychological resilience. Additionally, it was discovered that parental involvement, self-efficacy, and psychological resilience weren’t mediated by achievement motivation. The findings from the study can be used by parents, managers, and other children welfare organizations to develop policies and processes that are supportive of the development and resilience of the adolescents.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, junior students who had recently entered university may have experienced particular difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of anxiety, depression, and sleep status among junior college students during school closure. Junior college students from 3colleges in Anhui Province participated in this study from 6th to 20th April, 2022. The students’ data were collected using a designed online questionnaire developed on the “Wen juan xing” website and submitted via cell phone. Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that female sex was an independent risk factor for increased anxiety, depression, and insomnia (anxiety: OR 1.503, 95% CI 1.191–1.897; depression: OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.023–1.270; ISI OR 2.052, 95% CI 1.646–2.559). Notably, medical specialty was an independent risk factor for depression and anxiety (anxiety: OR 1.367, 95% CI 1.078–1.734; depression: OR 1.289, 95% CI 1.148–1.448). Moreover, being a freshman was a risk factor for increased depression and insomnia (depression: OR 1.036,95% CI 0.931–1.153; insomnia: (OR 1.157,95% CI 0.961–1.394). The findings indicate that a considerable portion of junior college students experienced psychological problems due to lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background: TROP2 (trophoblast cell surface antigen 2) is commonly over-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated with poor prognosis. SKB264 (MK-2870) is a TROP2 ADC developed with a novel linker to conjugate the payload, a belotecan-derivative topoisomerase I inhibitor. The linker is affected by both extracellular pH-sensitive cleavage and intracellular enzymatic cleavage within tumor cells, which leads to efficiently release payload inside tumor cells as well as within tumor microenvironment to exert its anti-tumor effects. Here, we present the updated data from a Phase 2 expansion cohort for patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC. Methods: Pts with previously treated advanced NSCLC were enrolled to receive SKB264 at 5 mg/kg Q2W until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (KL264-01, NCT04152499). Tumor assessment was performed every 8 weeks per RECIST v1.1 assessed by investigator. Results: As of Nov 22, 2023, 43 NSCLC pts had been enrolled. Median follow-up was 17.2 months (mo). 21 pts with EGFR wild type had received median prior 3 regimens of therapy including anti-PD-1/L1 inhibitors. 22 pts with EGFR mutant had progressed on or after TKI therapy, 50% of whom also failed at least one line of chemotherapy. Updated efficacy results are shown in the Table. Overall, 30 pts (69.8%) experienced Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most common Grade ≥3 TRAEs were neutrophil count decreased (34.9%), anemia (30.2%), WBC count decreased (25.6%), stomatitis (9.3%), and rash (7.0%). No TRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation or deaths occurred. No drug-related ILD/pneumonitis was reported. Conclusions: The updated data continues to demonstrate that SKB264 monotherapy delivers promising clinical efficacy with manageable toxicity in pretreated advanced NSCLC pts. A Phase 3 global study of SKB264 in pts with 3L+ EGFR mutant NSCLC (NCT06074588) and a Phase 3 study of SKB264 in China in pts with 2L EGFR mutant NSCLC (NCT05870319) are ongoing. TABLE 1: NAND Table Clinical outcomes by EGFR mutation status Overall (N=43) EGFR mutant (N=22) EGFR wild type Total (N=21) Non-squamous (N=9) Squamous (N=12) ORR*, % 43.6% 60.0% 26.3% 22.2% 30.0% Median DoR, mo (95%CI) 9.3 (3.7, 10.3) 8.7 (3.7, 10.3) 9.6 (3.5, NE) / / Median PFS, mo (95% CI) 7.2 (5.4, 11.3) 11.5 (5.7, 12.9) 5.3 (3.5, 6.2) 5.8 (1.5, 12.1) 5.1 (1.9, 9.3) Median OS, mo (95% CI) 22.6 (13.1, NE) 22.7 (19.7, NE) 14.1 (10.7, NE) 16.2 (5.8, NE) 12.8 (3.5, NE) 12-mo OS rate, % (95% CI) 69.0% (52.7, 80.7) 81.0% (56.9, 92.4) 57.1% (33.8, 74.9) 66.7% (28.2, 87.8) 50.0% (20.8, 73.6) 18-mo OS rate, % (95% CI) 56.5% (40.1, 70.0) 76.2% (51.9, 89.3) 35.9% (16.0, 56.4) 44.4% (13.6, 71.9) 30.0% (7.7, 56.9) *Including confirmed or unconfirmed response. Based on response evaluable pts (≥1 on-study scans) with 4 pts (2 EGFR mutant pts with non-squamous histology and 2 EGFR wild type pts with squamous histology) excluded. Citation Format: Wenfeng Fang, Ying Cheng, Zhendong Chen, Wei Wang, Yongsheng Li, Yongmei Yin, Xingya Li, Huiting Xu, Guohua Yu, Yanjun Mi, Zev A. Wainberg, Jordi Rodon, Xiang Wang, Xian Wang, Xiaoqing Zhang, Xiaoping Jin, Lian Lu, Junyou Ge, Jin Li, Li Zhang. Updated efficacy and safety of anti-TROP2 ADC SKB264 (MK-2870) for previously treated advanced NSCLC in Phase 2 study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr CT247.

The first section of this article begins by investigating the term “going down to the Western Oceans” (xia xiyang 下西洋), which was used as early as the time of Zheng He. It also discusses the origin of the concepts of the Eastern and Western Oceans. The second section discusses the influx of overseas geographical knowledge into China before the time of Zheng He, especially over two important periods: first, the coming of Indian geographical knowledge along with Buddhism to China from the Wei-Jin period (220–420 ce), and second, the advent of Islamic geographical knowledge during the Mongol-Yuan period (ca. 1206–1368). The third section discusses the contributions of foreign members in Zheng He’s fleet, especially fanhuozhang 番火長 (foreign pilot). Through an analysis of the records of three military encounters—the suppression of the pirate Chen Zuyi 陳祖義, the attack on Ceylon, and the battle with pirates on a return journey—we find that the term fanhuozhang appears in all three cases, showing that foreign experts were commonly present in all branches or segments of Zheng He’s fleet, and that it must have been their job to navigate in the Indian ocean portion of the journey. Based on these findings, the author suggests that even before the beginning of Ming, Chinese people had developed an understanding of navigation technology and absorbed expertise from other peoples, and that this knowledge formed the technological foundation of Zheng He’s long-distance voyages, evident of the fact that China’s ancient navigational technology was an open knowledge system.

Vaccination is an important measure to control the spread of COVID-19 among elderly high-risk groups; however, the propensity to receive COVID-19 vaccine boosters has not been evaluated in these populations. Here, we aimed to investigate the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster among the elderly chronic disease population in Taizhou, China. A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between 6 July and 11 August 2021 in Taizhou, China, and the data were uploaded to Wen-Juan-Xing, one of the largest online platforms used to collect survey data in China. The targeted population was non-oncology chronic disease patients aged 60 years and above. The minimum sample size was 229, determined by the G*Power software (v3.1.9.2, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany). A total of 254 patients with valid data were enrolled in this study, with a response rate of 82.5% (254/308). Chi-square tests and one-way binary regression were used to compare the proportions and the degree of influence of categorical factors. The magnitude of the effect for the comparisons was measured by Gramer’s V. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to correct for confounders and to identify factors. All data were analyzed using SPSS v24.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 198 respondents (77.9%) were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, and 77.6% of respondents were willing to receive the primary dose. Age < 70 years (OR 2.82), stable disease control (OR 2.79), confidence in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR 3.11), and vaccine recipient (OR 5.02) were significantly associated with the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. Promoting primary dose vaccination is essential for advancing booster vaccination, and it is important to focus on elderly patients’ confidence in the vaccine, in addition to strengthening health management and promoting disease stability. Follow-up studies should focus on elderly patients who belong to specific disease groups.

Despite the proliferation of research on anesthesiology training at all stages of medical education, there is relatively little published literature surveying the perspectives and concerns of anesthesiologists regarding cardiovascular anesthesia training. Therefore, we conducted a survey to investigate the attitudes, barriers, expectations, stress experiences, satisfaction, and future aspirations of anesthesiologists trained at a tertiary cardiovascular specialty hospital in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 260 anesthesiologists who received cardiovascular anesthesia training at departments of anesthesiology in a tertiary cardiovascular specialty hospital in China. After the study protocol was approved, electronic questionnaires were distributed to the target group through the online survey software “Wen Juan Xing.” Respondents were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire on their smartphones through WeChat, with the restriction of one response per device enabled. Of the 260 trainees, 240 (98%) completed the questionnaire. The majority of the trainees were 31 years of age or above. A large majority had approximately 10 years of clinical anesthesia practice, and nearly one-third had never undertaken cardiovascular specialty anesthesia practice before. The most common reasons for attending the refresher training were the need to learn basic specialty theory and improve clinical skills. The barriers were mainly time constraints or staff shortages in the department. Sixty-one (93.8%) trainees described the experience as “stressful or highly stressful” and identified poor teacher interaction as the highest-ranking stressor. Anesthesiologists were most dissatisfied with job rewards, with a satisfaction rate of only 15%. Anesthesiologists are highly stressed during the refresher training. Poor teacher interaction and low job rewards were identified as the highest-ranking stressors during cardiovascular anesthesia training. Training providers need to pay more attention to these stressors to enhance the quality of cardiovascular anesthesia training.

Film and television literature reflects social reality and the direction of cultural thinking. In recent years, film and television works about the current situation of women in East Asia have attracted a great response in the market. Two typical examples are "Tōkyō Joshi Zukan" and the Chinese adaptation of "Beijing Women's Illustration", which portray in detail the workplace life, family background and personal growth experiences of contemporary women in these two East Asian countries, Japan and China, respectively. Tōkyō Joshi Zukan is a Japanese web series that started in 2016, was directed by Tabata, starred by Asami Mizukawa, and premiered on Amazon on December 16, 2016. Based on a four-panel manga of the same name, the series follows the twenty years of the life of Aya Saito, a girl from Akita Prefecture who has longed for the big city since childhood and comes to Tokyo after graduating from a local university. Beijing Women's Illustration is a drama co-produced by Xiong Kids Media and Youku, directed by Li Zhi, written by Zhang Jia and starred by Qi Wei, Chen Jin and Wu Yue, which premiered on Youku on April 10, 2018. Adapted from the novel of the same name, the drama is about the real-life relationships and lives of solo women represented by Chen Koyi, a northern drifting girl who experienced ten years in Beijing. This paper selects these two TV series for comparative study to explore the current situation of contemporary women's lives in East Asia.

Abstract Objective: Benign breast disease (BBD), especially benign proliferative breast disease (BPBD), is related to increased breast cancer risk. However, few studies have examined whether conventional breast cancer risk factors influence risk of breast cancer among women with BBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of lifestyle factors with risk of breast cancer among women biopsied for BBD within a multi-center, hospital-based, case-control study in China, in order to provide scientific basis of health guidance for BBD patients and lay the foundation for primary prevention of breast cancer. Methods: A multi-center, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted. Patients with BPBD (n=608) and patients with non-proliferative breast disease (NPBD) (n=366) were collected from 23 hospitals in 11 provinces during April 2012 to April 2013. A face-to-face survey, baseline data and fasting blood was collected with all study subjects. Serum adiponectin levels were assayed using ELISA. After 10 years, the cumulative incidence rate of breast cancer in the two groups was counted through follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the association between specific factors and risk of breast cancer. Results: After 10 years’ follow-up, 388 BPBD and 240 NPBD cases were included in the final analysis (Table 1), of which 16 (4.12%) and 3 (1.25%) developed breast cancer, respectively. The cumulative incidence of breast cancer between the two groups was significant difference (P=0.041). Compared with women in the NPBD group, BPBD group were more likely to be central obesity (with higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) (OR 24.98, 95% CI 1.845-336.203, P=0.015) and less likely to have physical activity (OR 0.626, 95% CI 0.416-0.943, P=0.025) and less often to eat carrots (OR 0.616, 95% CI 0.398-0.953, P=0.030) (Table 2). Subgroup analyze indicated that, physical activity, eat carrots and ham sausage, body weight, BMI, waist circumference and WHR were statistical differences in premenopausal BPBD patients, while only physical activity (OR 0.423, 95% CI 0.269-0.665 P &lt; 0.001) was the independent risk factors. Meanwhile, among the factors of Tea consumption, Glycemia, Body weight, BMI, Waist circumference, WHR and HMW/total adiponectin ratio in postmenopausal group, only HMW/total adiponectin ratio (OR 0.041, 95% CI 0.002-0.820 P=0.037) was statistically significant factor. These stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis results are shown in Table 3. Conclusion: In patients with BBD, physical activity may be the protect factor for breast cancer carcinogenesis in premenopausal women while lower HMW/total adiponectin ratio is a risk factor for postmenopausal women, which can provide direction for primary prevention of breast cancer. Table 1. Pathological types of all subjects. Table 2. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Table 3. Stratified multivariate Logistic regression analysis by menopause status. Citation Format: Chao Zheng, Dandan Ma, Linfeng Zhao, Maolin Guo, Shude Cui, Fuguo Tian, Zhimin Fan, Cuizhi Geng, Xuchen Cao, Zhenlin Yang, Xiang Wang, Hong Liang, Shu Wang, Hongchuan Jiang, Xuening Duan, Haibo Wang, Guolou Li, Qitang Wang, Jianguo Zhang, Feng Jin, Jinhai Tang, Liang Li, Shi-Guang Zhu, Wenshu Zuo, Fei Wang, Lixiang Yu, Fei Zhou, Yujuan Xiang, Mingming Guo, Yongjiu Wang, Wenzhong Zhou, Shuya Huang, Zhaohui Li, Yajie Zhou, Lijuan Hou, Xinyi Yang, Xuan Zhang, Liyuan Liu, Zhigang Yu. Lifestyle factors are associated with breast cancer risk in women biopsied for benign breast diseases in China: 10-year results of a multi-center, hospital-based, case-control study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-31.

Abstract Hippo/YAP pathway plays an essential role in cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. The emerging evidence shows that hyperactivation of the Hippo/YAP pathway induces metastasis, chemoresistance, and the attribute of cancer stem cells. Dysregulated Hippo/YAP pathway can be a dominant driver of mesothelioma, meningioma, and schwannoma. It has been reported that Hippo/YAP oncogenic activation in mesothelioma is driven by NF2 loss function. In addition, it contributes to 10% of all cancers, including lung, gastric, colon, cervical, ovarian, breast, melanoma, hepatocellular, and squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the urgent need to develop a therapeutic strategy to curb the dysregulated pathway, YAP/TAZ is difficult to be directly targeted with small molecule inhibitors because of the lack of a catalytic niche. TEADs require auto-palmitoylation to become functional. Therefore, small molecules that target palmitoylation of TEAD have been explored and VT3989 (NCT04665206) and IK-930 (NCT05228015) have success to enter the clinical trials. To target cancers with dysregulated Hippo/Yap pathway, we have discovered and are developing TY-0584, which is a potent and orally available YAP/TEAD inhibitor in the IND enabling stage. The results of PK and toxicity studies of TY-0584 showed a favorable safety profile. TY-0584 had excellent efficacy in the malignant mesothelioma H226 CDX mouse model, which is driven by NF2 deletion mutation. TY-0584 treatment also demonstrated good efficacy in the head and neck cancer PDX tumor mouse model. In previous studies, Hippo/Yap signaling promotes drug resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To relax the YAP resistance mechanism in EGFR treatment, we asked if combined YAP inhibition grants an extension of responses to EGFR therapy. To this end, we treated EGFR-driven NSCLC cell models with TY-0584 and TY-9591. TY-9591 is a third-generation EGFR inhibitor developed by TYK Medicines and is currently under a pivotal Phase III clinical investigation in China (NCT05382728). The results show that the combination treatment not only offers synergistic effects, but also enhances apoptosis, compared to single drug treatment. Our in vivo data further underscores this exciting finding. Our studies showed that TY-9591 had excellent efficacy in the PC9 CDX mouse model, but tumors gradually recurred as many targeted cancer therapies did. In line with the results of the in-vitro experiments, another YAP/TEAD inhibitor TY-0536 in combination with TY-9591 significantly delay the tumor regrowth in the PC9 CDX mouse model. In summary, we identified a potent and orally available YAP/TEAD inhibitor TY-0584 which is a promising candidate for further clinical validation. [Shengli Dong and Apeng Liang contributed equally to this work. Jun Li, Shengli Dong, and Apeng Liang are the corresponding authors.] Citation Format: Apeng Liang, Shengli Dong, Guangbin Liu, Zhengfei Guo, Meihua Li, Shuaibo Han, Yundi Cao, Yian Tu, Chao Zhou, Yu Yu, Linglin Xiao, Wei Huang, Xinlong Yang, Lian Fang, Haoyun Li, Chengshan Niu, Mingyu Jiang, Feng Xing, Shaoqing Chen, Jun Li, Yusheng Wu. TY-0584: A potent, orally available small molecule YAP/TEAD inhibitor, exhibits anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4491.

Abstract Background: Patients (pts) with mTNBC have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The estimated median overall survival (OS) of pts with mTNBC is 12 to 18 months (mo) after diagnosis. SKB264, an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) composed of an anti-TROP2 antibody coupled to a cytotoxic belotecan-derivative via a novel linker with an average Drug to Antibody Ratio (DAR) of 7.4, has shown promising anti-tumor activity and tolerable safety profile in pts with mTNBC (Yin, Y. et al. SABCS 2022). Here, we report the updated data from a Phase 2 expansion cohort for pts with mTNBC (NCT04152499). Methods: Pts with previously treated mTNBC were enrolled to receive SKB264 at 4 mg/kg Q2W or 5 mg/kg Q2W in a non-randomized manner until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumor assessment was performed every 8 weeks per RECIST v1.1 assessed by investigator. The primary objective was to assess objective response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives included DoR, PFS, and OS. The TROP2 expression was scored using the semi-quantitative H-score method, and a preliminary cutoff was set as 200. TROP2 expression and its association with anti-tumor activity were retrospectively analyzed. Results: At data cut-off date (May 05, 2023), 59 pts were enrolled (23 in 4 mg/kg, 36 in 5 mg/kg), and 88% (52 pts) had received ≥3 prior lines of therapy for metastatic disease. The median follow-up was 22.8 months (mo; 95% CI, 21.3-25.2). The ORR was 42.4% (25/59, 22 confirmed and 3 unconfirmed) and disease control rate (DCR) was 76.3% (45/59). The median duration of response (DoR) was 11.5 mo (range, 3.7 to 22.1+). Median PFS (mPFS) was 5.7 mo (95% Cl: 3.8, 9.1). Median OS (mOS) was 16.8 mo (95% Cl: 12.7, NE), while 12-mo and 24-mo OS rates were 65.0% and 39.5%, respectively. In the subset of pts with high TROP2 expression (H-score&gt;200, N=32), ORR was 53.1% (including 3 complete response), mDoR was 11.1 mo (range, 3.7 to 22.1+), mPFS was 5.8 mo (95% Cl: 3.7, 13.3), mOS was not reached (95% Cl: 9.7, NE), while 12-mo and 24-mo OS rates were 65.3% and 57.3%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of ≥ Grade 3 severity were reported in 57.6% (34/59) of pts. The most common ≥ Grade 3 TRAEs (≥ 10%) were neutrophil count decreased (25.4%), white blood cell count decreased (23.7%), anemia (22.0%) and platelet count decreased (16.9%). TRAEs leading to dose reduction and dose delay occurred in 13.6% (8/59) and 47.5% (28/59) of pts, respectively. Three pts discontinued treatment due to TRAEs (platelet count decreased, dry eye, anaphylactic shock). No cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD), neuropathy or grade ≥3 diarrhea were observed. Serious TRAEs were reported in 28.8% (17/59) of pts; no deaths associated with TRAEs were observed. Conclusions: The updated data continues to demonstrate that pts with heavily pretreated mTNBC could achieve durable response and a trend of long-term OS benefit from SKB264 treatment, along with a manageable safety profile. Higher response rate was seen in mTNBC pts with high TROP2 expression. A Phase 3 study of SKB264 vs. investigator’s choice of chemotherapy in 3L+ mTNBC (NCT05347134) and a Phase 2 study evaluating SKB264 as monotherapy or combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody in first-line setting (NCT05445908) are ongoing in China. Citation Format: Yongmei Yin, Xinhong Wu, Quchang Ouyang, Min Yan, Lihua Song, YunPeng Liu, Zhongsheng Tong, Cuizhi Geng, Ying Wang, Guohua Yu, Xiang Wang, Ying Cheng, Weihong Zhao, Xiaoping Jin, Yina Diao, Gesha Liu, Mengyu Yang, Yue Yang, Yalan Yang, Lian Lu, Junyou Ge, Jin Li, Qun Li. Updated efficacy and safety of SKB264 (MK-2870) for previously treated metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) in Phase 2 study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS08-08.

Abstract Background: Combing anti-PD-(L)1 antibody with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy of gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinomas is a promising strategy, but clinical data are remain insufficient. Whether immunotherapy biomarkers in previous studies (TMB, MSI, PD-L1, etc.) have equivalent predictive value for G/GEJ remains to be verified. In this phase II clinical trial of tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy, potential therapy-related biomarkers in tumor samples, and changes in the tumor microenvironment during treatment were analyzed, and a predictive model for efficacy was developed. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, single-arm, phase II trial. Patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinomas (stage cT3-4aN+M0) were treated with PD-1 inhibitor tislelizumab in combination with oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX) as neoadjuvant treatment for 2 or 3 cycles. The primary endpoint was the major pathological response (MPR). The secondary endpoints included pathological complete response (pCR) rate, R0 resection rate, and safety. Tumor samples underwent RNA-sequencing (Amoy Diagnostics Co Ltd, Xiamen, China), to identify potential biomarkers, and a predictive model was developed to explore factors influencing tumor response and survival. Results: 28 patients were enrolled; mean age was 59.5 years (SD = 8.2), 19 (67.9%) patients were male; 14 (50.0%) patients with primary tumor location in the stomach, and 14 (50.0%) patients with primary tumor location in the GEJ. All patients were EB virus negative. Except one patient with PMS2 loss, 27 patients were pMMR. Nine (32.1%) patients achieved MPR after treatment, with four (14.3%) of them achieved pCR. The R0 resection rate was 96.4%, with 14 (50.0%) patients achieved objective response. No serious adverse events were reported. The most common grade 2 TRAEs during neoadjuvant treatment were anemia (5 of 28, 17.86%) and nausea (3 of 28, 10.71%). Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enrichment of the antigen processing and presentation pathway in the MPR group, while the TGF-β signaling pathway was enriched in the non-MPR group. Notably, the differential immune microenvironment analysis also uncovered significant differences in the TGF-β signature between the MPR and non-MPR groups. Additionally, a therapeutic response prediction model (HT score) was developed with an AUC of 0.98 (0.932-1) in the training set, and its performance was validated in publicly available datasets. Conclusion: Tislelizumab combined with XELOX holds promise as a neoadjuvant therapy for resectable G/GEJ adenocarcinomas, especially for EBV- and pMMR population, offering a well-tolerated safety profile. Moreover, the HT score has the potential to predict treatment efficacy in this regimen. Trial registration numbers: NCT05507658 and NCT05508399. Citation Format: Haikun Zhou, Tao Han, Lei Tuo, Qingchuan Yang, Ruiqi Gao, Pengfei Yu, Jiangpeng Wei, Changbin Zhu, Jin Wang, Peng Cheng, Xiang Kang, Sihui Pi, Hui Liu, Xiaoxi Pan, Xiaohua Li, Gang Ji. Tislelizumab combined with XELOX as a neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas: A prospective, phase II trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6400.

e4912046This scoping exploratory review was aimed at analyzing the challenges that the so-called post-truth world represents for teaching in Ibero-Latin American higher education. With the increased access to online information media and social networks, netizens are increasingly exposed and may be more vulnerable to false or misleading information that seeks to generate action from emotions rather than reason (GOSWAMI, 2017, Chronicle of Higher Education). The reference search was carried out in the databases of SciELO and La Referencia, from which 26 titles out of 196 were selected. Combinations of terms such as social media, post-truth, fake news, fact-checking, education, higher education, university, teaching, critical thinking, and freedom of expression were used, with the Boolean “Y” connector. The analysis of the references resulted in six thematic categories: main concepts; realms of fake news; news verification initiatives and methods; theoretical analysis and its relationship with education; studies on the factors, perception and credibility of fake news; and addressing misinformation in higher education. The discussion presents the draft of a proposed pedagogical model to be used in higher education and to address misinformation. Includes: critical thinking habits, democratic dialogue, intellectual skepticism, research skills, use of reliable sources of information, and analysis from multiple perspectives.ResumoEsta revisão exploratória de escopo teve como objetivo analisar os desafios que o chamado mundo pós-verdade representa para o ensino na educação superior ibero-americana. Com o aumento do acesso às mídias de informação online e redes sociais, os internautas estão cada vez mais expostos e podem ficar mais vulneráveis a informações falsas ou enganosas que buscam gerar ações a partir de emoções ao invés da razão (GOSWAMI, 2017, Chronicle of Higher Education). A busca das referências foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e La Referencia, das quais foram selecionados 26 títulos em 196. Combinações de termos como mídia social, pós-verdade, notícias falsas, checagem de fatos, educação, ensino superior, universidade, ensino, pensamento crítico e liberdade de expressão foram usadas, com o conector booleano “Y”. A análise das referências resultou em seis categorias temáticas: conceitos principais; escopos de notícias falsas; iniciativas e métodos de verificação de notícias; análise teórica e sua relação com a educação; estudos sobre os fatores, percepção e credibilidade das notícias falsas; e aproximação a desinformação no ensino superior. A discussão apresenta o esboço de uma proposta de modelo pedagógico para ser usado no ensino superior e para lidar com a desinformação. Inclui: hábitos de pensamento crítico, diálogo democrático, ceticismo intelectual, habilidades de pesquisa, uso de fontes confiáveis de informação e análise de múltiplas perspectivas.ResumenEsta revisión exploratoria de alcance tuvo como fin analizar los desafíos que para la enseñanza en la educación superior iberoamericana representa lo que se denomina el mundo posfactual (post-truth). Con el incrementado acceso a medios de información en línea y las redes sociales, los cibernautas están cada vez más expuestos y pueden ser más vulnerables a información falsa o engañosa que busca generar acción a partir de las emociones antes que la razón (GOSWAMI, 2017, Chronicle of Higher Education). La búsqueda de referencias se efectuó en las bases de datos de SciELO y La Referencia, de la cual se seleccionaron 26 títulos de 196. Se usaron combinaciones de términos como redes sociales, posverdad, noticias falsas, verificación de hechos, educación, educación superior, universidad, enseñanza, pensamiento crítico y libertad de expresión, con el conector booleano “Y”. El análisis de las referencias dio como resultado seis categorías temáticas: conceptos principales; ámbitos de las noticias falsas; iniciativas y métodos de verificación de noticias; análisis teóricos y su relación con la educación; estudios sobre factores, percepción y credibilidad de las noticias falsas; y abordaje de la desinformación en la educación superior. En la discusión se presenta el borrador de un modelo pedagógico propuesto para ser utilizado en la educación superior y abordar la desinformación. 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Abstract Background: FS-1502 is a HER2-targeting antibody drug-conjugate with a cleavable β-glucuronide linker and an antimitotic agent (monomethyl auristatin F) which showed promising antitumor activity in preclinical studies. We are evaluating the safety and tolerability of FS-1502 in patients with HER2-expressing advanced solid tumors (NCT03944499). Methods: Patients with HER2-expresssing advanced solid tumors who had failed prior standard of care therapies were enrolled in a single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation phase Ia study in China. FS-1502 was given IV once in 21-day or 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was incidence of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Adverse events (AEs), objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) were also assessed. Data cutoff was December 30, 2021. Results: A total of 67 patients, 64 with breast cancer and 3 with other solid tumors, with median 3 prior therapies (range 1-10), were enrolled in 5 sites and treated with FS-1502 at doses of 0.1-3.5 mg/kg. Two DLTs, as defined by the protocol, were observed, with one G2 decrease in creatinine clearance at 3.0 mg/kg and one G3 thrombocytopenia with hemorrhage at 3.5 mg/kg. No Grade 4/5 events were observed. Grade 3 TRAEs were observed in 24 (35.8%) patients with the most common AEs of hypokalemia (14.9%) and decreased platelet count (9.0%). ORRs were observed at doses at or above 1.0 mg/kg with an ORR of 66.7% (4/6) at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 2.3 mg/kg. Median duration of response (DoR) across all dose levels was 9.2 months (95%CI 5.6-NR). ORR for HER2-low patients was 42.9% (3/7). Plasma concentration and exposure (AUC) based on total ADC and total antibody increased dose proportionally at ≥1.0 mg/kg, with a T1/2 of 2.4-4.9 days. The incidence and magnitude of immunogenicity were low. While no MTD was determined, the 2.3mg/kg dose once in a 21-day cycle was selected as the RP2D based on safety, antitumor activity and PK data. Conclusions: FS-1502 was well-tolerated and demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in both HER2-high and -low patients. Phase Ib and phase II clinical trials with FS-1502 are currently ongoing in various solid tumor indications including breast, gastric, and colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Qiao Li, Xian Wang, Ying Cheng, Yunjiang Liu, Jianhua Chang, Zhuo Wang, Chunjiao Wu, Mingxia Wang, Ai-Min Hui, Zhuli Wu, Yongli Jin, Xin Huang, Liping Zhong, Lei Diao, Han Zhao, Binghe Xu. FS-1502, an anti-HER2 ADC, in Patients with HER2-Expressing Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase 1a Dose-Escalation Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-07.

Abstract Introduction: HER2 is overexpressed on 15-20% of breast cancers and is a clinically important cancer driver. In spite of the HER2 targeted therapy’s success, most patients in the metastatic setting will eventually experience disease progression. ARX788 is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) that consists of an anti-HER2 mAb and a potent tubulin inhibitor payload AS269, that is site-specifically conjugated to the antibody via a non-natural amino acid incorporated into antibody by using a proprietary EuCODE technology platform. The phase 1 study ACE-Breast-01 (ZMC-ARX788-111 [CTR20171162]) evaluates the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ARX788 in patients in China with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: ACE-Breast-01 is an open label, single site, dose escalation study using a 3+3 study design in 69 heavily pretreated patients (median of 6 prior lines of therapy, range: 2-17) with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who received intravenous ARX788. While the ARX788 MTD has not been determined, the 1.5 mg/kg of ARX788 dose is reported herein. Eligible patients had histologically documented, incurable, locally advanced or metastatic HER2+ (IHC 3+ and/or FISH positive) breast cancer whose disease had failed prior anti-HER2 treatments in the advanced disease setting; ECOG performance ≤1; adequate organ function; no history of interstitial lung disease or other significant lung disease; no radiotherapy for pulmonary diseases including lung parenchyma; no history of keratitis, corneal disease, or active ocular infection; no unstable brain or spinal cord metastasis; and no history of hypersensitivity to trastuzumab or any component of ARX788. The DLT assessment period was 84 days for pulmonary toxicity and one cycle of duration for all other toxicities. Investigators assessed efficacy using RECIST 1.1 and evaluated safety using NCI-CTCAE V.4.1. Results: Nineteen patients showed clinical response in the 1.5 mg/kg Q3W cohort, with the confirmed objective response rate of 66% (19/29, exact 95% CI, 45.7% to 82.1%), with median duration of response of 14.4 months [95% CI (9.0, NA)]. The disease control rate (CR + PR + SD) among the 29 patients treated was 100%. All patients (29/29, 100%) received prior trastuzumab in addition to other anti-HER2 treatments. Patients were heavily treated with prior HER2-targeted therapies and demonstrated robust ORR ranging from 65-80% (Table 1). ARX788 was generally well tolerated with most adverse events being grade 1 or 2 and were manageable. Low systemic toxicity (low incidence and low grade of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, decrease WBC counts, nausea, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, etc.) was observed. No DLT or drug-related deaths occurred, as of data cut-off of 30-Jun-2021. Conclusion: At the 1.5 mg/kg dose level, ARX788 had robust anti-tumor activity in patients whose disease was resistant/refractory to other HER2 targeted therapies and was generally well tolerated with low systemic toxicity. Table 1.Summary of ACE-Breast-01 Confirmed ORR in patients whose disease is resistant or refractory to prior HER2 treatment (trastuzumab, ADCs, TKIs, and bispecific antibodies) at ARX788 1.5 mg/kg Q3WPrior anti-HER2 therapy*Confirmed ORRTrastuzumab containing regimens*19/29 (66%)HER2 ADCs (T-DM1, DX126-262, A166, BAT8001, and HS630) regimens**4/5 (80%)​HER2 TKIs (lapatinib, pyrotinib, neratinib, AST-1306, and Hemay-022) regimens15/23 (65%)​Both HER2 ADC and HER2 TKI regimens3/4 (75%)Bispecific antibodies (KN026 and M802) containing regimens3/4 (75%)*All patients (29/29) received prior trastuzumab-containing regimens.**One patient who received prior pertuzumab also achieved confirmed PR. Citation Format: Jiang Zhang, Dongmei Ji, Weina Shen, Qin Xiao, Yajia Gu, Joyce O’Shaughnessy, Gang Xia, Yanping Ji, Gaozhun Xiong, Matt Li, Dong Xu, Robert Cartmell, Cynthia Song, Jinchun Yan, Xichun Hu. Safety and anti-tumor activity of ARX788 in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients whose disease is resistant/refractory to HER2 targeted agents (trastuzumab, ADCs, TKIs, and bispecific antibodies): ACE-Breast-01 trial results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD8-04.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the 5th most common cause of cancer-related death in Chinese women with over 416,000 new cases and over 117,000 deaths estimated in 2020. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 10%-20% of cases in women with breast cancer. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate and is approved for second-line or later (2L+) treatment of metastatic (m)TNBC in multiple countries, including the US and China. In the pivotal phase 3 study ASCENT, which enrolled predominantly non-Asian patients (pts), SG demonstrated improved efficacy outcomes vs treatment of physician’s choice (TPC) in pts with mTNBC treated in 2L+, with a manageable safety profile. For pts treated with SG, median progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were improved vs TPC (Bardia A et al, 2021). The single-arm phase 2b EVER-132-001 study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of 2L+ SG in Chinese pts with mTNBC. In preliminary findings from EVER-132-001, SG demonstrated substantial clinical activity and a manageable safety profile (Xu B et al, 2023). Here, we present additional efficacy and safety results from EVER-132-001, including the first report of median OS. Methods Pts with mTNBC who had received at least 2 prior lines of chemotherapy for mTNBC received SG (10 mg/kg IV on days 1 and 8, Q3W). The primary end point was ORR per independent review committee (IRC). Secondary end points included duration of response (DoR) per IRC, clinical benefit rate (CBR) per IRC, PFS per IRC, OS, and safety. Results Eighty pts were enrolled, with a median age of 48 years (range 24-70). Pts had received a median of 4 prior treatment regimens (range 2-8), and 59% of pts had ECOG performance status of 1. At the data cutoff, September 19, 2022, with a median follow-up of 14.7 mo (range 1.2-25.3), median OS was 14.7 mo (95% CI 10.3-18.3) and the OS rate at 12 months was 54% (95% CI 42-64) (Table). ORR was 40% (95% CI 29-52) with median DoR of 11.6 mo (95% CI 7.0-13.8), and CBR was 46% (95% CI 35-58) (Table). Median PFS was 5.6 mo (95% CI 4.1-8.3) (Table). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 79% of pts, and TEAEs leading to dose reduction, treatment interruption, and treatment discontinuation occurred in 20%, 48%, and 8% of patients, respectively (Table). The most common TEAEs of any grade were decreased neutrophil count (85%), anemia (84%), and decreased white blood cell count (83%). The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were decreased neutrophil count (64%), decreased white blood cell count (50%), and anemia (23%). Conclusions SG continued to demonstrate substantial clinical activity, with OS, ORR, DoR, CBR, and PFS results in the EVER-132-001 trial, consistent with the phase 3 ASCENT trial of SG in mTNBC. TEAEs were manageable and no new safety signals were identified. These results support the use of SG as a new standard of care for Chinese pts with pretreated mTNBC. Table Citation Format: Fei Ma, Shusen Wang, Zhongsheng Tong, Wei Li, Xinhong Wu, Xiaojia Wang, Tao Sun, Yueyin Pan, Herui Yao, Xian Wang, Ting Luo, Jin Yang, Xiaohua Zeng, Weihong Zhao, Kimberly Komatsubara, Rachel Nakamura, Catherine Lai, Bo Zhang, Xiuyu Cong, Binghe Xu. Overall survival results from EVER-132-001, a phase 2b single-arm study of sacituzumab govitecan in Chinese patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-06-10.

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide. In China, the incidence of breast cancer has been steadily increasing. Approximately 30% of human breast cancers exhibit human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity, which is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness, high recurrence rate and high mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of TQ-B211 (a trastuzumab biosimilar) compared to the reference trastuzumab in combination with docetaxel as first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Methods: This randomized, multicenter, double-blind phase III equivalence study enrolled HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients aged 18-75, ECOG PS ≤1, no prior systemic chemotherapy, biologic, or targeted therapy for recurrent or metastatic disease, and at least one measurable lesion (RECIST 1.1). The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group received TQ-B211 (8 mg/kg iv on day 1, cycle 1, followed by 6 mg/kg q3w for cycles 2-8) in combination with docetaxel (75 mg/m2 on day 2, cycle1, followed by 75 mg/m2 on day 1 for cycles 2-8), while the control group received Herceptin® in combination with docetaxel. For subjects who completed 8 cycles of treatment without disease progression and demonstrated tolerability, they were subsequently administered TQ-B211 as monotherapy until disease progression or unsuitable for further treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was ORR up to week 24 (ORR24w). Equivalence was declared if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of relative ratio (RR) value was within the range of 0.8 to 1.25. Secondary efficacy endpoints included duration of response (DoR); progression-free survival (PFS); disease control rate (DCR); overall survival (OS), safety and immunogenicity. Results: Between December 6, 2018 and July 31, 2021, a total of 386 patients (pts) were enrolled (192 pts in the TQ-B211 group and 194 pts in the Herceptin® group). In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, the ORR24w of the TQ-B211 group was 67.19% (95% CI: 60.55, 73.83), while the ORR24w of the Herceptin® group was 65.98% (95% CI: 59.31, 72.65). The RR of the confirmed ORR24w between the two groups was 1.02 (90%CI, 0.90, 1.15), which fell entirely in the predefined equivalence margins (0.8, 1.25), indicating comparable efficacy of the two drugs. In the ITT population, the DCR of the TQ-B211 group and the Herceptin® group were 83.85% (78.65, 89.06) and 78.35% (72.56, 84.15) respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.1940). By the data cutoff date of October 31, 2021, the median PFS was not statistically different (P=0.6834); the median OS was not reached in both groups (P=0.9246). Additionally, the data results of the per-protocol (PP) population were similar to those of the ITT population. In total, similar rates of treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events (41.05% vs. 46.39%) occurred in the TQ-B211 and Herceptin® groups, respectively. The incidence and magnitude of immunogenicity were low in both of the two groups (ADA: 0.53% vs. 0%, Nab: both negative). Conclusion: Equivalence for efficacy was demonstrated between TQ-B211 and Herceptin® on the basis of ORR24w. Safety and immunogenicity were comparable. Citation Format: Xichun Hu, Qingyuan Zhang, Shusen Wang, Tao Sun, Xiaohua Zeng, Weimin Xie, Zhongsheng Tong, Hui Cao, Huihua Xiong, Xiuwen Wang, Jin Yang, Shuqun Zhang, Ying Wang, Chunhong Hu, Kaijian Lei, Binlin Ma, Wei Liu, Zhiyong Yu, PeiJian Peng, Hongwei Yang, Zhijun Yuan, Xiaojia Wang, Xujuan Wang, Hong Wang, Yongqian Shu, Nanlin Li, Wenbin Yue, Jingfen Wang, Daqing Wang, Zhiguo Luo, Junyang Mo, Yarong Li, Lili Sheng. Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of TQ-B211 (a Trastuzumab Biosimilar) Plus Docetaxel versus Herceptin® Plus Docetaxel for HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: a Double-blind, Randomised, Multicenter, Phase 3 Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-29-03.

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the two fundamental directions of the modern Chinese vocal school, represented in the scientifi c, pedagogical and performing work of Shen Xiang and his student Jin Telin. Shen Xiang (1921-1993) is a famous tenor in China and abroad, who was called the Chinese Caruso. His repertoire included works in English, Italian, French, Russian and German. The singer brilliantly mastered the technique of bel canto, had a light timbre and excellent diction. Thanks to his own unique technique, he brought up a large number of famous vocalists. Shen Xiang’s student Jin Tielin (1940-2022) is of particular interest in the context of the national concept of singing. A graduate of the Central Conservatory, a soloist of the Central Philharmonic, and since 1981 a teacher at the Chinese Conservatory, he simultaneously served at various times as vice chairman of the Chinese Musicians Association, rector of the Chinese Conservatory, vice chairman of the China Scientifi c Society of National Vocal Music. Jin Tielin became famous as a vocalist and teacher, who not only raised the authority of his teacher, but also created his own vocal school with unique features.

As the famous white porcelain kilns in ancient China, Xing Kiln and Ding Kiln have similarity appearance because they have similarities of modeling and firing methods of utensils during their development, but their colors are still described through eye observation, and no scientific comparative analysis has been conducted. Colorimetry has the advantage of quantitative analysis in studying the color of ceramic compared with the traditional naked eye observation description. Therefore, the representative samples of white porcelain of Xing and Ding Kilns from Tang Dynasty to Jin Dynasty were selected for colorimetric analysis with CIE. The color similarity and changes of the two kilns in different times were analyzed, the results showed that appearance color of the samples from the Xing and Ding Kilns are similar to that observed by the naked eye. Moreover, the results show two different color types of the samples in the Tang dynasty from both Ding and Xing kilns. Type II is typical of northern white porcelain as previous studies, but type I is closer to greenish white porcelain. They were found, and this was supposed to be the result of Ding Kiln’s imitation of the Xing Kiln in its early days. However, since Xing Kiln has been discontinued in Song Dynasty, only type II was found in the white porcelain of Xing Kiln and Ding Kiln after Tang Dynasty.

Panax L. is a small genus in the Araliaceae family. In Vietnam, this genus is distributed in the high mountains in the North and in some high mountains in the Central Highlands. In traditional medicine, roots and rhizomes of all Panax species are of high utility. Recently, the finding of new distributions of some Panax species in Vietnam has caused much controversy and confusion. This study investigates 27 fresh specimens of 6 taxa of Panax genus that have been collected from 6 provinces of Vietnam. Based on the combined ITS-rDNA and matK dataset, a well-resolved phylogeny of Panax species/varieties distributed in Vietnam was constructed. Thereby, the study suggests identifying Tam that la xe as Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng and Sam puxailaileng as Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K.Komatsu, S.Zhu & S.Q.Cai, which contributes a new distribution point of this variety in Vietnam. The study also shows that ITS-rDNA and matK genes are highly potential in identifying and distinguishing the taxa of Panax genus. Keywords Panax, ginseng, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, ITS-rDNA, matK. References [1] Xiang, Q.B. & Lowry, P.P. Araliaceae, In: Wu, C.Y., Rawen, P.H. & Hong (2007).[2] Nguyen Tap, The species of Panax L. in Vietnam, Journal of Medicinal Material, 10 (3) (2005) 71-76 (in Vietnamese).[3] Phan Ke Long, Le Thanh Son, Phan Ke Loc, Vu Dinh Duy and Pham Van The, Lai Chau ginseng Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K. Komatsu, S. Zhu & S.Q. Cai.I. morphology, ecology, distribution and conservation status, Proceedings of the 2nd VAST – KAST workshop on biodiversity and bio-active compounds, Hanoi- Vietnam, October 28th – 29th (2013), pp. 65-73, Publishing house for science and technology. [4] Nong Van Duy, Le Ngoc Trieu, Nguyen Duy Chinh & Van Tien Tran, A new variety of Panax (Araliace) from Lam Vien Plateau, Vietnam and its molecular evidence, J. Phytotaxa 277(1) (2016) 047-058. http://dx.doi.org/10. 11646/ phytotaxa.277.1.4[5] Tran Ngoc Lan et al., Results of study on Sam Puxailaileng in high moutain, Nghe An province, Nghe An journal of Science and Technology 12 (2016) 7-11 (in Vietnamese). [6] Do Huy Bich et al., Medicinal plant and animal in Vietnam, ep. II (2004), Science & Technic Pub. pp. 1255 (in Vietnamese).[7] X. Chen, B. Liao, J. Song, X. Pang, J. Han, S. Chen, A fast SNP identification and analysis of intraspecific variation in the medicinal Panax species based on DNA barcoding, Gene 530(1) (2013) 39-43. http://doi.org/10.1186/j.gene.2013.07.097[8] Jun Wen and Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(2) (1996) 167-177.[9] C. Lee, J. Wen, Phylogeny of Panax using chloroplast trnC–trnD intergenic region and the utility of trnC–trnD in interspecific studies of plants, Mol Phylogenet Evol 31(2004): 894-903, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.009[10] Y. Zuo, Z. Chen, K. Kondo, T. Funamoto, J. Wen, S. Zhou, DNA barcoding of Panax species, Planta Med. 2011 Jan, 77(2) (2011):182-187. Doi: 0.1055/s-0030-1250166.[11] K. Komatsu, S. Zhu, S.Q. Cai, A new variety of the genus Panax from Southern Yunnan, China and its nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene and matK gene, J. Jap. Bot 78(2) (2003) 86-94. [12] V. Manzanilla1, A. Kool, L. Nguyen Nhat, H. Nong Van, H. Le Thi Thu and H. J. de Boe, Phylogenomics and barcoding of Panax: toward the identification of ginseng species. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018) 18-44. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1160-y[13] Vu Huyen Trang, Hoang Dang Hieu, Chu Hoang Ha, Study on DNA barcode for identify Sam ngoc linh, National conference of biotechnology, Ep.2, (2013) 1100-1104.[14] Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Zhuravlev Yury N, Reunova Galina D., rbcL and rpoB gene sequences of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and Panax vietnamensis, the background for identification and comparison, Journal of Biology 39(1) (2016) 80-85. http://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n1.7870[15] Phan Ke Long, Tran Thi Viet Thanh, Nguyen Thien Tao, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tu Lenh, Nguyen Tien Lam, Dang Xuan Minh, Morphological and molecular characsteristics of Panax sp. (Araliaceae) from Phu Xai Lai Leng mountain, Nghe An province, Vietnam, Journal of Biology 36(4) (2014) 494-499. https://doi.org/ 10.15625/0866-7160/v36n4.5212[16] Phan Ke Long, Vu Dinh Duy, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Giang Son, Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Le Thi Mai Linh, Le Thanh Son, Phylogenetic relationships of the Panax samples collected in Lai Chau province based on matK and ITS-rDNA sequences, Journal of Biology 12(2) (2014) 327-337 (in Vietnamese).[17] Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Le Thanh Son, Nguyen Giang Son, Phan Ke Long, A new ginseng species Panax sp. (Araliaceae) in Vietnam, Journal of Pharmacology 10 (2011) 59-63. [18] Pham Thi Ngoc, Pham Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Quynh Nga, Nguyen Minh Khoi, Morphological characteristics of genus Panax L. (Araliaceae) in Vietnam, Journal of Medicinal Materials, 22(3) (2017) 315-322.

In the last issue (Vol. 29, No.2), there was a mistake in Wai-Tong Lau's article, “Songs Tied onto the Chariot—Revolutionary Songs of the Cultural Revolution in China (1966–1976)” on page 106. JHRME regrets the inaccuracies. The corrected paragraph reads as follows: A number of revolutionary songs of the Cultural Revolution are written in the musical styles of the Chinese minorities. “The Great Beijing” (Wei Da De Beijing by Nu Er Mai Mai Ti), a song written by a Xinjiang composer, was very popular during the Cultural Revolution. This song is filled with syncopated rhythm typical of the Xinjiang minority dances. Another classic revolutionary song of the Cultural Revolution, “A Song within My Heart for the People's Liberation Army” (Wo Xin Zhong De Ge Xian Gei Jie Fang Jun by Chang Liuzhu), composed by a Han composer, is written with rhythmic patterns characteristic of the Tibetan dances. Other similar songs are one for the Bei Minority, “Never-Ending Singing of the Zhan Mountain” (Zhan Shan Ge Sheng Yong Bu Luo by Zhang Wen); one for the Korean minority, “Yanbian People Love Chairman Mao” (Yanbian Ren Ming Re Ai Mao Zhu Xi by Jin Fenghao); one for the Zhuang minority, “Zhuang People Sing for Chairman Mao” (Zhaung Zu Ren Ming Ge Chang Mao Zhu Xi by the Creation Group of the Department of Culture of Guangxi Zhaung Autonomous Region); and one for the Wa minority, “Ah Wa People Sing New Songs” (Ah Wa Ren Ming Chang in Ge by Yang Zhengren). These revolutionary songs of the minorities enriched the genre of revolutionary songs of the Cultural Revolution with a variety of rhythmic and tonal idioms different from those of the mainstream Han music.