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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chinese and Indian'
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1
Ly, Tio Fane-Pineo Huguette. "Chinese diaspora in Western Indian Ocean /." [Rose Hill : [Mauritius] : Mauritius] : Éditions de l'Océan Indien ; Chinese catholic mission, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36631208d.
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Lim, Lisa L. S. "Prosodic patterns characterising Chinese, Indian and Malay Singapore English." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336687.
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Quidachay, VIncent J. "Can the Indian Navy respond to a growing Chinese fleet?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA305983.
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Marshall, Jr, and Richard D. "The String of Pearls: Chinese maritime presence in the Indian ocean and its effect on Indian naval doctrine." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27865.
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The String of Pearls is a term that has permeated Indian naval policy circles in recent years. This term encapsulates the idea that, since the early 1990s, China has been developing a network of naval bases in south Asian littoral nations as a means to project maritime power into the Indian Ocean and beyond to the Middle East. Contrary to Indian perceptions, Chinese activity in the littoral nations has, to this point, been primarily economic, not military in nature. Nonetheless, this activity has prompted a change in Indian naval doctrine to support the employment of a blue water navy. This change in Indian naval doctrine can be explained utilizing Prospect Theory. Prospect Theory describes the effects of a psychophysical tendency that prompts people to become risk acceptant in the face of losses. This study will show how the Indian National Security Elite, when faced with the perceived loss of power and influence to China in south Asian waters, endorsed blue water naval doctrine as a means to reestablish the status quo of relative naval superiority in the northern Indian Ocean.
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Cheuk, Ka-Kin. "Global fabric bazaar : an Indian trading economy in a Chinese county." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9bab3226-0601-40e1-8342-9bea4919f5e0.
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This thesis is primarily based on ethnographic fieldwork that lasted fifteen months, between 2010 and 2012, in Keqiao, a municipal county in eastern Zhejiang Province, China. Despite its inferior administrative status and rather inland location, Keqiao is China's trading frontier for fabrics, which are the semifinished textiles that are industrially weaved, knitted, dyed, and printed in bulk before being exported. Contributing to the turnover of more than one-third of all fabric produced in China, the county's fabric wholesale market is not only the mainstay of Keqiao's economy. It is also the world's centre for fabric supplies, and where around 10,000 Indians have flocked to start their intermediary trading businesses. The major aim of this thesis is to examine the everyday encounters between Indians and Chinese in the local fabric market. It begins by exploring how Keqiao emerged as the global distribution centre for a wide variety of cheap fabrics. It also shows how Keqiao becomes characterized by the growing importance of low-end fabric sales and the influx of Indian traders, who specialize in exporting these fabrics. The thesis then describes the encounters between Indians and local Chinese in the fabric market, addressing the challenges and difficulties that these Indians, especially the newcomers, confront when dealing with the Chinese suppliers. Focusing on novice traders, the thesis turns to investigate the internal dynamics of Indian trading companies. Remarkably, novice Indian traders successfully learn several strategies to counteract their precarious position in the workplace. These strategies leverage the accumulation of work experience and expanding social networks. These insights bring the thesis to chapters that highlight other strategies, particularly those created from encounters between Indian traders and Chinese clerks, as well as those between Indian traders and Chinese salespersons. Taken together, this thesis illustrates how transnational and local actors team up to create their own, locally based, intermediary economy within a small Chinese county, and how such a collaborative economy, which I term a 'global fabric bazaar', sustains these actors. Without this collaborative economy, these players would otherwise be vulnerable within the fabric wholesale industry because this supply chain is increasingly polarized and weakened by today's global capitalism.
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Bonnerjee, Jayani Jeanne. "Neighbourhood, city, diaspora : identity and belonging for Calcutta's Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/400.
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This thesis is located in the wider debates in postcolonial cultural geography on the city and diaspora. It engages with everyday lived spaces of Calcutta’s Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities through a focus on ideas of home, identity, belonging, cosmopolitanism and nostalgia. Drawing on overlapping narratives of these two communities in the city and in diaspora in London and Toronto, the thesis explores the idea of Calcutta as a ‘diaspora city’ and also the notion of a ‘Calcutta diaspora’. It explores the material and imaginative entanglements of migration and places narratives of identity and belonging for its Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities in the context of the city. Both Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities have been an integral part of Calcutta’s colonial and postcolonial histories, and although many members of both communities have migrated elsewhere in recent times, the city remains an important locus of emotional register. It is in this context that the thesis studies everyday lived spaces at different scales: in the neighbourhood, in the city and in diaspora. While the actual spaces are located/ rooted in real neighbourhoods and cities inhabited by the communities, the imagination of these spaces both in the city and in diaspora also intersect to create a more complex relationship between minority communities and cities. Methodologically, the thesis has adopted a multi-sited, qualitative approach to follow the lives of the communities across cities. Whilst a large part of the material has been drawn from in-depth interviews, the thesis also uses material drawn through ethnographic research and participant observation at community events, maps of the neighbourhood and city drawn by interviewees and secondary material such as community publications and websites, films, pamphlets and newspaper reports.
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BHOLA, GAURAV. "INDIA AND CHINA SPACE PROGRAMS: FROM GENESIS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAMS AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE INTERNATI." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3276.
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The Indian and Chinese space programs have evolved into technologically advanced vehicles of national prestige and international competition for developed nations. The programs continue to evolve with impetus that India and China will have the same space capabilities as the United States with in the coming years. This will present new challenges to the international community in spheres civilian, to space and military applications and their residual benefits.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA
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Madhavan, Susan M. "The job satisfaction level of Chinese- and Indian-born engineering faculty at a research I university." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1913.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 225 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-216).
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Nowak, Maciej P. "Comparison of polymorphic CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2A6 in Canadian Native Indian, Caucasian and Chinese populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29327.pdf.
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Cheng, Min. "Globalization and Identity: A Cross-National Study Among Chinese, Indian, Colombian, and American College Students." Master's thesis, Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002808.
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Dijk, Meine Pieter van. "The contribution of cities to economic development an explanation based on Chinese and Indian cities /." The Hague : Rotterdam : Institute of social studies (ISS) ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10471.
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Wingfield, Valerie, and Valerie Wingfield. "Personal Identity Through Architecture in Singapore at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12316.
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People from many different ethnic backgrounds settled in Singapore over the course of the nineteenth century, making new lives for themselves on an island with very little recent human habitation. The homes they chose to build for themselves reflected new, sometimes aspirational, hybrid identities. A close observation of these structures helps to form a more complete picture of social conditions in turn of the century Singapore.
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Arjoon, Cindy. "A Comparative Study: How Educational and Healthcare Preparedness Affected Marketization of the Chinese and Indian Economies." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4432.
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In this archival study, I explore reasons why India's economic takeoff into marketization in 1991 failed to meet the same success as China in 1979 when it made the same transition. I analyze the impact of education and healthcare on development and how investments in both sectors can yield significant returns privately and socially. The research in this paper seeks to answer the following question: Why was the Indian economy unable to meet the same success as China when developing a global, open market economy?
In order to answer this question, I begin by proving a solid relationship between education, healthcare, and development. Then, I set out to undercover education and healthcare reforms enacted by China that helped contribute to the overall success of the new economy. After, I look at the holes in the education and healthcare sectors of India that contributed to the weak transition into the new economy, as well as new mandates that seek to repair these issues so that the economy can grow and prosper at a more favorable pace.
The results of this study reflect that India was unable to meet the success of China when transitioning to a global market economy because poor social preparedness prevented the Indian people from reaching their full potential. With poor education and a major lack of healthcare, the population could not contribute to the growth of the new economy because they either did not understand how to stimulate it, or were simply too sick.
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Messaris, Byron. "The political economy of Indian and Chinese foreign direct investment and multinationals in sub-saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20117.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Africa’s rising international profile and geopolitical significance as well as the continent’s relatively ‘under-exploited markets’ have been pull factors for many emerging economies. Globally, the developing and emerging economies of the world for the first time captured more than half of all global FDI in 2011. Changes in the global investment regime are a clear indication of the changing dynamics in the global economy. Since India and China’s FDI liberalisation processes began to gather steam in the 1990s, they have been amongst the most aggressive of the emerging economy investors. This study appraises the role of the government in facilitating investment by Indian and Chinese firms abroad, specifically Sub-Saharan Africa. The study analyses the motivations for such outward foreign direct invest flows, the sectoral trends, and the entry mode differences of Indian and Chinese firms’ investments in Sub-Saharan African markets. Yet, there is a lack of studies that focus on both Indian and Chinese investments in Sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing from theoretical constructs from political economy, International business /economics and International Political Economy - a framework is provided to assess the influence of these investments. The methodology is interpretive and qualitative and draws largely on secondary material from international organisations, government agencies, academic literature and the media. The study finds that the role of New Delhi and Beijing in facilitating and financing outward investments is strategic and pragmatic. These policies greatly influence firms, and the locations and types of their investments. South-South cooperation provides India and China with a framework for long-term political and economic investments and development cooperation with African states. India and China’s engagements in Sub-Saharan Africa share similar and dissimilar forms and motivations for FDI. Markets and resources are primary motivations for these two countries’ firms to invest in the region. India and China’s growing commercial activities in Sub-Saharan Africa provide the region with opportunities for further international market integration and development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Afrika se ontluikende internasionale profiel en geopolitieke belang tesame met die vasteland se relatief ‘onderbenutte’ markte is ’n trekfaktor vir baie ontluikende ekonomieë. Terwyl vloeie uit buitelandse direkte investering (BDI) na Afrika, wat ’n hoogtepunt in 2008 bereik het, in 2010 steeds afgeneem het, was die ontwikkelende en ontluikende ekonomieë van die wêreld vir die eerste keer in besit van meer as die helfte van alle wêreldwye BDI in 2011. Veranderings in die internasionale beleggingsregime is ’n duidelike aanduiding van die veranderende dinamika in die wêreldekonomie. Sedert Indië en China se liberaliseringsprosesse met betrekking tot BDI in die 1990’s begin ontwikkel het, is hulle van die aggressiefste beleggers onder opkomende ekonomieë. Die gebrek aan streekstudies wat op Indiese en Chinese beleggings fokus, verg egter verdere aandag. Die doel van die studie is om die rol van die regering in die fasilitering van Indiese en Chinese maatskappye om in die buiteland te belê te ontleed. Die fokus val veral op Afrika suid van die Sahara, en op die motiverings vir hierdie BDI-vloeie, die sektortendense en wyse van toetreding van Indiese en Chinese maatskappye se beleggings in Afrikamarkte. Bestande uit teortiese konstakke uit internasionale sakestudie, internasionale politieke ekonomie en politieke ekonomie, word ‘n raamwerk waarin die invloed van hierdie beleggings op wat assesseer word is interpritiet en kwalitatiet en stan op sekondêre materiaal en data van regeringsagentskappe, akademiese literatuur en die media. Die gebruik van ’n veelsoortige teoretiese raamwerk wat ekonomiese en politieke beleggingsverskynsels uitbeeld, illustreer die versoenbaarheid van politiek, ekonomie en sakegebaseerde akademiese gebiede en die moontlikheid om grondliggende uitkomste uitkomste vir navorsing oor beleggingstendense en -strategieë in ontluikende ekonomieë te bied. Die studie bevind dat die rol van New Delhi en Beijing in die fasilitering en finansiering van buitelandse beleggings strategiese en pragmaties is, en dat beleide maatskappye grootliks beïnvloed ten opsigte van waar hulle belê en watter soort beleggings hulle maak. Verder, verskaf Suid–Suid-samewerking, ‘n raamwerk vir verbintenis langtermyn- politieke en ekonomiese beleggings en ontwikkelingsamewerking met Afrikastate. Indië en China se betrokkenheid in Afrika toon ooreenstemmende en verskillende vorme en motiverings vir BDI, en markte en hulpbronne is primêre motiverings vir hierdie twee lande se maatskappye in die streek te belê.
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Harrington, Marcia A. "Navigating the university system: The effects of Chinese and Indian graduate students' social networks on academic progression." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29920.
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Currently more than half a million international students are enrolled at U.S. colleges and universities. All of these students face challenges associated with integrating into their new host education environments and learning how to make their way through the rules and regulations of their host university and community.
Social network theories attribute behaviors to the structural and relational attributes of one's social network including access to resources and information. The social networks of most international students are insular, dense, and homogeneous and serve to reinforce cultural norms in the host society. Further, they provide little to no access to dissimilar others and limit information flow to redundant information.
China and India are the countries of origin of over 20% of U.S. international students. The goal of this research was to understand the constructs of the Chinese and Indian students' social networks and ascertain factors affecting satisfaction and influencing academic progression. Support related to making their way through the university system and residing in the host community framed the social networks. Among the variables studied were tie strength, homogeneity, and roles and relationships of network members.
Results indicated that while significant differences existed within the Chinese and Indian student populations, their networks contained many similarities. Males' networks were more homogeneous and dense than females' networks and weak links were more prevalent in females' networks. Chinese males had the most insular networks. The networks of Indian students and Chinese females were in many cases more similar with one another and different from those of Chinese males. Network members were predominately friends and most were students. University faculty and staff were present in only 12% of Chinese males' networks and at least 25% of all other groups.
Not all students were satisfied that their networks met their needs. Despite having the largest networks, Chinese students wanted even larger networks. Just under half of Indian students wanted larger networks.
Universally, students indicated their networks enabled academic progression and Chinese females rated their networks more effective than all others. Despite significant differences among and between the populations, the students were able to invoke effective networks enabling academic progression.Ph. D.
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Jassal, Lakhbir Kaur. "Necrogeography matters : the powers of governing Indian and Chinese dead and their bodily remains in Great Britain, 1812-2012." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17897.
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This thesis explores the historical and contemporary cultural politics of funeral and body disposal among Indian and Chinese residents of Great Britain. The sanitation episteme launched in Britain during the eighteenth-century resulted in new systems for governing things deemed to be polluting or a threat to human health. This included the corpse/dead body and its bodily remains governed by an all-embracing state technique that I call ‘necropower’. Inspired by a Foucauldian approach to biopower, I examine how the governing of the dead is implicated in the formation of state power over non-Abrahamic ethnic groups. More specifically, in this thesis I analyze how the funeral and disposal practices of two ethnic minorities in the UK have been and are governed by the contours of state necropower. I argue that these bodies became the quintessential matter out of place in a state-regulated episteme. Beginning with funerary practices they have historically been deemed polluted and subject to state-based sanitary order, and they have emerged today through a new environmental and sanitary episteme inside a necroregime of power that is mediated by industry professionals. Drawing upon documented historical and contemporary material from the nineteenth to twenty-first century, interviews with state officials, professionals from the Death Care Industry, and Indian and Chinese minorities in Great Britain, I elaborate the various ways that these minorities seek to respond to, negotiate, and avoid expectations and regulations with respect to body and remain disposal.
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Joseph, Cynthia 1960. "Theorisations of identity and difference : ways of being Malay, Chinese and Indian schoolgirls in a Malaysian secondary school." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8007.
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Qin, Fei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Social networks and institutions in transnational labor markets : the circular migration of Chinese and Indian engineers and professionals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42334.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161).
This dissertation examines the mechanisms of the circular migration of Chinese and Indian engineers and technology entrepreneurs. The study is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data - including a survey of alumni from one of the Indian Institutes of Technology, a survey of Chinese engineers in Boston, and in-depth interviews. The study first looks into the post-migration settlement process of in the host countries and identifies significant changes in migrants' social networks at different stages of their careers. The study also examines the social processes that affect the decisions of migrant engineers to return to their home countries and their experience as returnees. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that often views the migration of highly skilled workers as highly individualized, the study finds that return migration is not a lonely journey. It is very often a group process instead of an individual process. Migrants establish various types of social ties and institutions during the migration and settlement process. They also draw heavily upon these networks and institutions when they return to their home countries. Another key finding is that return migration is often associated with entrepreneurship. Returnees from overseas have a higher propensity to start their own businesses than either non-migrants or migrants who stay abroad. This pattern reflects the interaction between the opportunity structures in the home countries and migrants' individual characteristics. A mixture of opportunities and constraints that exist in China and India often leads engineers into entrepreneurship when they return. By starting their own business, returnees can create a niche for themselves in the existing structure of the home countries. In addition, returnee entrepreneurs who are successful often have returned in groups.
by Fei Qin.
Ph.D.
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Manan, Mohamed Mansor. "Influence of ethnicity in optimizing antiepileptic drug dosing : a comparison of Malay, Chinese and Indian populations in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12787/.
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Reports of inter-ethnic differences in metabolism for phenytoin and carbamazepineh have raised questions concerning the importance of monitoring serum levels to the standardised population therapeutic concentrations. Although the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenobarbitone displayed both intra and inter-individual variations, the influence of ethnicity is still unclear. This thesis has thus set its objectives of investigating the impact of ethnicity on the efficacy of these therapeutic ranges and pharmacokinetics of these drugs. A total 1554 serum concentrations were randomly selected by a set of criteria from 470 Malays, 423 Chinese and 322 Indian of adult and paediatric patients. The Mantel-Haenzel method was used to estimate for inter-ethnic differences in response to the defined therapeutic ranges. The influence of ethnicity on pharmacokinetics was examined by the test of heterogeneity of the slopes estimates in the linear relationship of either serum concentration or clearance to dose. Coefficient of variation on the ratios of the above relationships was used to measure for inter individual variation. The results showed a highly variable response to treatment within the defined therapeutic ranges. Therapeutic response is not dependent on ethnicity and age although the latter was determined on carbamazepine and valproic acid treated patients only. The pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenobarbitone showed high inter-individual variations and were unaffected by weight, age or ethnicity. Similar high inter-individual variation for phenytoin pharmacokinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were observed. However, Km and Vmax(mg/day) of adult Chinese patients were significantly lower than Malay or Indian patients. The relationship between Km and Vmax and age or weight were insignificant. These findings demonstrate that Malaysian patients only differed in handling phenytoin therapy and support the use of ethnic specific phenytoin pharmacokinetic parameters during therapy.
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Hunter, Jacob N. "A Nonhuman Primate Model of the Out of Africa Theory Utilizing Chinese- and Indian-Derived Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8989.
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Evidence suggests that certain genotypic variants associated with novelty-seeking and aggressiveness, such as the 7-repeat dopamine D4 receptor variant (DRD4-7R), short (s) allele of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and the low-activity variant of the MAOa promoter (MAOa-L), are more prevalent in human groups that radiated out of Africa than human groups that remained in Africa. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are a widespread species of primates that needed to adapt to different regional environments with one group, Indian-derived rhesus macaques, largely occupying predictable and resource-rich environments, while the other group, the Chinese-derived rhesus macaques, has come to occupy less predictable and resource-abundant environments. Rhesus macaques possess orthologues of these trait-related genes, making it possible to compare the frequency of genotypes associated with these traits between members of two strains. DNA was obtained from N=212 rhesus macaques (n=54 Chinese-derived, n=158 Indian-derived) and genotyped for DRD4 (n=98), 5-HTT (n=190), and MAOA (n=97). Analyses showed that Chinese-derived subjects exhibited higher frequencies of the DRD4-7R and 5-HTT-s-allele when compared to Indian-derived subjects. There were no strain differences in MAOA-L genotype groupings, but the Chinese-derived subjects exhibited a more frequent high-activity (MAOA-H-6R) allele when compared to the Indian-derived subjects. The results suggest that the Chinese-derived rhesus macaques possess a higher frequency of alleles associated with novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and aggressiveness compared to their Indian-derived peers and that those genotypically-mediated traits may have beneficial to both humans and rhesus macaques as they spread into novel and unfamiliar environments.
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Jones, Christopher V. "The use of, and controversy surrounding, the term atman in the Indian Buddhist tathagatagarbha literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f7ce66e-6ac1-4bcd-9c98-10f5f087599e.
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The tathāgatagarbha doctrine of Mahāyāna Buddhism affirms the existence of some permanent, significant content of sentient beings that is of the same character as a Buddha. While this alone was an important innovation within Buddhist thought, some of its authors ventured further to deem this significant content an ātman: a ‘self’, in apparent contradiction to the central Buddhist teaching of the absence of self (anātman) in the constitution of all beings. The aims of this thesis are two. Firstly, to examine usage of the term ātman in the Indian tathāgatagarbha sources which develop use of this expression. This entails a close reading of relevant sources (primarily Mahāyāna sūtra literature), and attention to how this term is used in the context of each. These sources present different perspectives on the tathāgatagarbha and its designation as a self; this study aims to examine significant differences between, and similarities across, these texts and their respective doctrines. The second aim is to attempt an account of why authors of these texts ventured to designate the tathāgatagarbha with the term ātman, especially when some of our sources suggest that this innovation received some opposition, while others deem it in requirement of strong qualification, or to be simply inappropriate. It is not my objective to account for whether or not the tathāgatagarbha is or is not implicitly what we may deem ‘a self’ on the terms of Buddhist tradition; rather, I am concerned with the manner in which this expression itself was adopted, and – in light of clear difficulties raises by it – what may have motivated those authors responsible. I argue not only that we can trace the development of this designation across the tathāgatagarbha literature, but also that those authors responsible for its earliest usage adopted an attitude towards non-Buddhist discourses on the self that requires special attention. This, I believe, had its roots in an account of the Buddha and his influence that advances our understanding of one tradition of Mahāyāna Buddhology, and its ambition to affirm its superiority over other Indian religious traditions.
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Gupta, Meera S. (Meera Saini). "Effect of patent law changes on the innovation strategy of Chinese and Indian Life Science companies as reflected in US patent filings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62524.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-35).
In this paper we evaluate how harmonization of patent laws in China and India to developed world standards has affected innovative research and development activity in the life sciences industry of those countries. The patents listed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office were used as a proxy to measure innovative activity. The number and types of patents filed over the period from 1976 through 2008 were analyzed for trends towards innovation. At a high level, we found that 'Drugs and Medical' account for only 6% of Chinese patents but make up 20% of the universe of Indian patents. When evaluating patent activity over time, we found that filings rose exponentially in the mid-nineties corresponding to the creation and implementation of product patent laws in both countries. India exhibited a much higher and steeper increase, likely due to its previously established capabilities as a generics manufacturer. When segmenting the data based on type of firms (academic, foreign multinationals and local private) we found that post product patent laws, local private firms exhibit more activity in India whereas local firms and multinationals show similar amounts of activity in China. In both countries, academic institutions show the greatest amount of activity compared to the multinationals and local private companies. We conclude that stronger IP laws have resulted in greater innovative activity as seen in the exponential rise in patent filings in the life sciences industry in both China and India. Although India has shown greater activity compared to China possibly due to its established capabilities in the generics space as a result of its protective patent regime prior to the harmonization.
by Meera S. Gupta.
S.M.
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Zhang, Ran. "An exploratory quantitative archaeological analysis and a classification system of Chinese ceramics trade in the western Indian Ocean, AD c. 800-1500." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11747/.
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Chinese Ceramics have been among the most important archaeological findings in the study of trade in the Indian Ocean from the 8th to the 19th centuries. They have the advantages of commonality, durability, identity and being unearthed in large quantities. Chinese ceramics provide clues for understanding trading trends and linking the Chinese production industries to consumption markets in the Indian Ocean. However, it seems that their crucial importance for field archaeology in the western Indian Ocean has not been well established, due to the lack of a comprehensive overview of Chinese traded ceramic archaeology and a systematic classification. The thesis is concerned with how Chinese trade ceramics impacted on maritime trade in the western Indian Ocean from the 8th to the 16th century. Based on an archaeological report collecting data from 140 ceramic kiln sites in China and on archaeological ceramic material collected from 129 coastal sites and collections in the western Indian Ocean, this thesis has reviewed the archaeological and chronological development of Chinese trade ceramics. A systematic classification of Chinese trade ceramics in the western Indian Ocean has been developed and built, introduced with a review of the long-term history and researched using quantitative methods.
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Kong, Yi Tung. "The Percentage of Acculturation of International College Students." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542392868361753.
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Hei, Rui. "Hariti, from a demon mother to a protective deity in Buddhism : a history of an Indian pre-Buddhist goddess in Chinese Buddhist art." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2537050.
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Ibrahim, Nabisah. "DEPRESSION AND FACTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG MALAY, CHINESE AND INDIAN ELDERLY WOMEN AT RUMAH SERI KENANGAN (RSK), PUBLIC WELFARE INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/825.
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For more than four decades, researchers have found depression to be a common mental illness among the elderly (Charatan, 1975; Sreevani & Reddemma, 2012). In Malaysia, the rates of depression among elderly residents of institutions are 67% higher than among elderly adults residing at home (Al-Jawad, Rashid, & Narayan, 2007). As in the United States, elderly Malaysian women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depressive symptoms as elderly men (Salimah et al., 2008). Time and again, research has revealed that depression is a significant problem for individuals later in life and may affect their psychological well-being. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship among depression and factors of psychological well-being among Malay, Chinese, and Indian elderly women living in four Rumah Seri Kenangans (RSKs), or public welfare institutions in Malaysia. Face-to-face interviews were conducted from August to October 2013 to measure participants' baseline depression, perceived social support, spiritual intelligence, self-esteem, and level of social desirability. A diverse group of 163 elderly women participated in this study, including 84 ethnic Malays (51.5%), 43 ethnic Chinese (26.4%), and 36 ethnic Indians (22.1%) with an average age of 70 (SD = 7.10). The results indicated that there were significant differences between the three ethnic groups in terms of their depression, spiritual intelligence, and perceived social support. Chinese elderly women were found to have higher baseline rates of depression, lower spiritual intelligence, and lower perceived social support than Malay as well as Indian elderly women. The results indicated that 37% of the combination of spiritual intelligence, perceived social support, self-esteem, and social desirability significantly predicted depression among elderly female participants (F(4,127)=22.77, p < .001). However, only perceived social support and self-esteem were found to be significant predictors of depression among the elderly women of the selected RSKs. These results led to some important implications for practitioners working with the elderly population in institutions, as well as for counselor educators. Limitations and recommendations for future research are also provided.
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Castle, K. A. "An examination of the attitudes toward non-Europeans in British school history textbooks and childrens periodicals, 1890-1914 : With special reference to the Indian, the African and the Chinese." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372570.
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This s'tudy examinesthe imageof the Indian, the African, and the Chinese in British school history textbooks and childrens pericxiicals published between 1890 and 1914. This worlc both exemines the portrayal of the British in their historical and .corrtemporary relations with the three groups, and the selective information provided of the character and behaviour of the alien. These three groups were selected as representing areas of the world where the British had-particular interests in the pericxi, and illustrate the relationship between British attitudes and the particular historical experiences and contenporary concerns centred upon each of the three. The choice of textbooks and popular reading material reflected a desire to examinematerials read both for instruction and entertairnnent, and consider the relationship between the operation of the images in both. The s'tudy has deronstrated that both textbook historians and popular writers shared a concern that, Britain's youth should be secured in the prevailing attitudes toward race and nationality. The images which they presented of Britain's role in India, Africa and China, and of the nature of these countries' inhabitants, were mutually reinforcing. Entry for the foreigner into either set of materials dependeduponhis service in supporting and activating an appreciation of British national character and the maintenance of Empire. The sensi ti vity of the imageof the non-Europeanto Britain 's national concerns in this period was reflected in the era of the Boer War, whenthe textbooks and periodicals display a heightened patriotism which was reflected in the textbook's treatrrent of the Indian Mlltinyand periodical jingoism. Although the characterisation of each group differed in their particular contribution to the character formation of Britain's i.nperial sons and daughters, the study showshowclearly the historian and the popular juvenile press transrnitted images of the three which was dependent upon the controlling imperatives of Britain's national and imperial needs.
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Yen, Pi-Yin. "瑞典一个印度客家华人家庭文化认同之个案研究." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kinesiska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36195.
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This study investigates the cultural identity of Chinese overseas in Sweden, especially the identity of Chinese culture. A Hakka family in Sweden from Kolkata, India was a target of a case study in this thesis from the viewpoint of life history research and semi-structured interviews for the three female members in this family.The Indian Hakka Chinese, though spending more than 100 years in India, emigrate to other countries commonly. During the migration, this family well sustain their Chinese culture.This research reveals the following findings. Firstly, the identities in the family of this case show the differences between generations. The main deciding factor of their identities is based on both the ethnic identity of Chinese and Chinese culture. The second generation of immigrants in Sweden reveals the dual identities of Chinese culture and Swedish culture, which is consciously decided by them under the social and cultural background of the country of residence.Secondly, this case's family demonstrates a strong atmosphere of Chinese cultural identity in their daily life. The most significant symbol is that family members use Hakka to communicate at home. Furthermore, their cultural values follow a Chinese tradition of family-centred and ethical cultural values. However, in this case, Chinese culture is not as complete as the Chinese mainstream society. It also includes foreign elements in the country of residence. This clearly shows the process of Chinese overseas adapting and integrating with the country of residence.Thirdly, the influencing factors to this case's Chinese cultural identity include the Chinese community in Kolkata India, usage of Chinese language, Chinese education, intermarriage, and the external environment of Swedish society based on democracy multi-culturalism and popularization of internet information under globalization. The key factor in constructing and maintaining the Chinese cultural identity, in this case, is that the elders consciously insist on preserving Chinese tradition in this family.To sum up, this study's results contribute to the knowledge and understanding of Chinese overseas' cultural identity in Sweden.本论文以瑞典一个来自印度加尔各答的客家华人家庭进行个案研究，采用生命史研究的视角、半结构式的深度访谈法访问三位家庭女性成员，探讨瑞典的海外华人的文化认同，尤其是中国文化的认同。在海外延续百年的印度客家华人再度从印度移出已是常态，而此个案家庭中国文化的传承未曾中断。个案研究结果发现：首先，个案的身份认同呈现出世代的差异，身份认同以中国人的族群认同及中国文化认同为最主要的决定因素，移民瑞典第二代显示出中国及瑞典文化的双重文化认同，是历经所处的社会文化环境选择的文化认同。其次，此个案展现出浓厚的中国文化认同形式，以客家话的使用最为显著，也展现出以家庭为中心、注重伦理的文化价值观，然而不像中国主流社会文化的完整，而是包含了居住国的外国元素，显见海外华人在居住国适应、融合的过程。最后，影响个案维护中国文化认同的因素，包括：印度加尔各答的华人社区、世代的传承、中文的使用、中文教育、族内通婚、以民主为基础的多元文化瑞典社会的外部生存环境、全球化下网际网络资讯的普及等因素，而家中长辈有意识地传承与坚持，是文化认同建构及维护最重要也是最主要的因素。总之，本论文的研究结果可为瑞典海外华人的文化认同增添知识与理解。
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Heinemann, George. "Motivations for Chinese and Indian consumers to buy luxury brands a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/512.
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Ralston, Sharon Anne. "Culture shock: the adjustment process for international students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42961.
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Chen, Peter Perry Lloyd Merle Shawchuck Norman. "Guiding the Chinese Community Church of Indianapolis, Indiana church assessment and goals development /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1993. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p006-0657.
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Roberts, Justin Gareth. "Aid programmes by the governments of India and China to Nepal." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812430.
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Lin, Guan Yn. "Globalization strategies of India pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1676654.
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Weiss, Janna. "Diagnostic concepts and medicinal plant use of the Chatino (Oaxaca, Mexico) with a comparison of Chinese medicine /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Partida, Sebastian. "La convention d'arbitrage dans le droit des nouvelles puissances économiques (Chine, Inde, Brésil, Mexique)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020049.
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Les profondes mutations du commerce international, avec en particulier l'émergence de nouvelles puissances économiques et l’accélération de la révolution numérique, nous invitent à revoir les distinctions traditionnelles entre les différents droits de l'arbitrage. Si l'on peut observer un mouvement d'uniformisation des droits dans les pays occidentaux, en particulier avec une convergence des droits de Common Law et des droits continentaux, qu'en est-il dans les pays qualifiés hier d’ « émergents »? Assiste-t-on à ce même phénomène ? Des particularismes ressortent-ils? L'objet de cette thèse sera d'examiner les spécificités de quatre grands pays - la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et le Mexique - dont le poids démographique et économique ne cesse de croître dans les échanges internationaux. Dans une démarche comparative, nous nous intéresserons spécifiquement à la convention d'arbitrage, clé de voûte du droit de l’arbitrage, afin d’essayer de comprendre la philosophie et le traitement réservé à ce mode de règlement des différends dans chacun des ces pays. Cela nous conduira à nous interroger sur la place actuelle du droit français de l’arbitrage, longtemps considéré comme avant-gardiste, et sur son influence dans les années à venirThe profound changes in international trade, particularly in light of the emergence of new economic powers and the acceleration of the Digital Revolution, lead us to revisit the traditional distinctions between the different national arbitration laws. While a movement of standardization of national laws has been observed in Western countries, particularly with a tendency of convergence between Common Law and Civil Law jurisdictions, what about the countries that were qualified yesterday as "emerging"? Is the same phenomenon true for the them and Do particularisms emerge? The purpose of this thesis will be to examine the specificities of four major countries - China, India, Brazil and Mexico - whose demographic and economic weight is growing in international trade day by day. Through a comparative approach, we will focus specifically on the arbitration agreement, being the keystone of arbitration law, in order to try to understand the philosophy and treatment reserved to this dispute resolution method in each of these countries. This will inevitably lead to question the current place of French law, long considered as avant-garde, and its influence in the years to come
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Poncio, Sônia. "Bioatividade de inseticidas botânicos sobre microtheca ochroloma stal (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5026.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Chinese cabbage is a vegetable largely cultivated by organic farmers in the region of Santa Maria, RS. However, due to severe damage caused by the chrysomelid Microtheca ochroloma Stal, many of them are abandoning the crop. The use of botanical pesticides is an alternative for the control of these insect pests. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the action of commercial products and aqueous extracts of insecticide plants on the different stages of development, food consumption and biological aspects of M. ochroloma. In experiments conducted in laboratory, at a temperature of 25 ± 2ºC, relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and 14 hours of photophase, the effects of aqueous extracts of 10% w/v of Nicotiana tabacum L. (in the form of tobacco-powder), of leaves of Melia azedarach L., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Cedrella fissilis L., Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Eugenia uniflora L., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, Syzygium cuminii L., Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, of leaves and twings of Ateleia glazioveana Baill, Senecio brasiliensis Less and Ruta graveolens L., of seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, and the commercial products Organic Neem ®, 1 and 5% v / v, and Neem Azal T / S ®, 0.5 and 1% v / v, both elaborated from A. indica (neem) were assessed. The action of the treatments was tested on eggs up to 24 hours old; under direct contact and ingestion of three-day-old larvae, in which were assessed the viability of larvae and pupae, the larval period and the defective adults; and in adults with unknown age also under the action of contact and ingestion. In addition, leaf discs of Chinese cabbage were treated with different treatments and with distilled water (control) and offered to larvae and adults in free-choice and no-choice tests. The commercial products Neem Azal T / S and Organic Neem and the extracts of M. azedarach, of tobacco powder, of S. brasiliensis and of B. salicifolius, by causing mortality at different stages of development of M. ocrholoma and decrease in the consumption of treated leaves, and also the extract of E. uniflora due to its action in the biology of these insects, should be evaluated in field conditions as potential alternatives to be used for the control of M. ochroloma.
A couve-chinesa é uma hortaliça bastante cultivada por produtores orgânicos da região de Santa Maria, RS. Porém, devido a danos intensos causados pelo crisomelídeo Microtheca ochroloma Stal, muitos estão abandonando a cultura. A utilização de inseticidas botânicos é uma alternativa para o controle desses insetos-praga. O presente trabalho teve, portanto, o objetivo de avaliar a ação de produtos comerciais e de extratos aquosos à base de plantas inseticidas sobre as fases de desenvolvimento, o consumo alimentar e aspectos da biologia de M. ochroloma. Em experimentos realizados em laboratório, à temperatura de 25 ± 2ºC, umidade relativa de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas, foram avaliados os efeitos dos extratos aquosos, a 10% p/v, de Nicotiana tabacum L. (sob a forma de pó-de-fumo), de folhas de Melia azedarach L., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Cedrella fissilis L., Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Eugenia uniflora L., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, Syzygium cuminii L. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, de folhas e de ramos de Ateleia glazioveana Baill, Senecio brasiliensis Less e Ruta graveolens L., de semente de Azadirachta indica A. Juss, além dos produtos comerciais Organic Neem®, a 1 e 5% v/v, e NeemAzal T/S®, a 0,5 e 1% v/v, ambos à base A. indica (nim). Foi testada a ação dos tratamentos sobre ovos; sob ação de contato e de ingestão em larvas com idade de três dias, nas quais foram avaliados a viabilidade larval e pupal, a duração da fase larval e os adultos defeituosos; e, também sob ação de contato e de ingestão, em adultos com idade desconhecida. Ainda, discos de folhas de couve-chinesa foram tratados com os diferentes tratamentos e com água destilada (testemunha) e oferecidos para larvas e adultos em testes com e sem chance de escolha. Os produtos comerciais NeemAzal T/S e Organic Neem e os extratos de M. azedarach, de pó-de-fumo, de S. brasiliensis e de B. salicifolius, por causarem mortalidade a diferentes fases de desenvolvimento de M. ochroloma e diminuição do consumo de folhas tratadas, e, ainda, o extrato de E. uniflora, pela ação na biologia desses insetos, devem ser avaliados, em condições de campo, como sendo alternativas potenciais a serem utilizadas visando o controle de M. ochroloma.
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An, Shi Mo. "In search of the origin of four-character structures with er (而) in literary translation from English into Chinese :a descriptive study of A Passage to India." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954314.
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Bennett, Jeremy. "A sectorial and spatial analysis of Chinese FDI to the US and the State of Indiana." Thesis, Indiana State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739201.
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FDI from China to the United States has expanded over the last few years, resulting in an increasingly complicated spatial pattern of investment. This analysis investigates Chinese FDI to the US at three scales: the national, state, and local—in order to explain its emerging economic geography. Three specific research questions are addressed. First, what is the observed pattern of Chinese FDI in the United States at the state scale? Second, what is the sectorial distribution and pattern of Chinese FDI in Indiana? Third, is there a connection between Chinese actors channeling FDI to specific locales in Indiana and local Chinese and American actors in Indiana that is explained by established networks and culture-specific business relationships? For the national scale a panel regression model will be applied to the cumulative amounts of Chinese FDI to the states and the District of Columbia for the years 2000 to 2013. In addition, location quotients denoting sectorial amounts by state will be compared to levels for the US as a whole to highlight concentrated sectors. At the state and local scales, a qualitative analysis investigating the nature of the relationships between local Chinese actors, state and local government officials, and local business leaders will be carried out in order to better understand Chinese FDI and its economic geography in Indiana.
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Omar, Abdul Razak Hj. "Voluntary labour turnover in west Malaysia : a comparison of the experiences of the Chinese, Indians and Malays." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1504.
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As a multiracial country, Malaysia's most crucial problem toward national unity is the glaring economic imbalance and racial tension among the races. Several policies have been carried out to eliminate the economic and racial disparities that exist. Amongst them is by expanding the manufacturing sector employing all ethnic groups. However, with the rapid expansion in this sector, a relatively high rate of voluntary labour turnover among blue-collar workers has developed with potentially serious consequences for the process of expansion. Even though the economic and racial disparities in Peninsular Malaysia are mul ti -dimensional, the present study focusses exclusively upon the ever-increasing rate of voluntary labour turnover amongst blue-collar workers. Unlike previous studies on labour turnover, the focus of this study is the comparison of labour turnover issues amongst different races in Peninsular Malaysia. This coverage is important because of the scarcity of comparative studies of labour turnover in the country. The three major races are chosen for this study; they are the Malays, the Chinese and the Indians. The purposes of this study are threefold: To discover the general characteristics of blue-collar voluntary labour turnover in Peninsular Malaysia; To ascertain correlate and determinant factors which influence blue-collar workers' decisions to discover factors and voluntarily leave the underlying in each of the their employment; and finally, reasons associated with these three cases to compare the experiences of the different races. The findings of this study highlight similarities and di fferences between the Malays, Chinese and Indians' decisions to voluntarily leave their job. The organisational and external factors results of this study on are consistent with the findings of research in other Third world countries. However, the present findings differ in terms of personal factors. It is concluded that the "racial background" and "cui ture" of the three races are amongst the important elements in understanding the factors influencing their decisions to voluntarily change employment in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Dendooven, Dominiek. "Asia in Flanders fields : a transnational history of Indians and Chinese on the Western Front, 1914-1920." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67923/.
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During the First World War people from the five continents resided in France and Flanders, mostly in service of of the French and British armies. Besides European settlers, it concerned hundreds of thousands of indigenous inhabitants from many colonies. The two largest subaltern groups who served on the Western Front in British service - each in itself accounting for some 140,000 men - were Asian: from the Indian subcontinent and from China. In my book I investigate not only their motives to join up and the nature of their war service on the Western Front, but above all how these subaltern groups experienced a modern war in Europe and what impact this residence in a Europe-in-war had on their subsequent lives and on the society to which they returned. A central position in my judgment of their war experiences is their meeting with the European 'other', the local populations who hosted these uninvited guests. I investigate how the European population underwent the confrontation with their non-European guests, but especially which impression the Europeans, their society and their culture made upon the Asian rank and file. In- and outside the Army Indians and Chinese were confronted with different degrees of xenophobia, racism and discrimination, while at the same time friendly engagements with Europeans also occurred. All this lead to a strengthened self- and (proto)national consciousness that manifested itself in initiatives in different domains of human activity: politics, culture, education, ... Through the comparative perspective, differences as well as similarities between both Asian groups on the Western Front become clear, and parallels can be drawn in their evolution towards a stronger (self)consciousness and an increasing identification with the (proto)nation through their war experiences in Europe. In this respect, so I argue, the war experiences of Indians and Chinese on the Western front contributed to the increasingly anti-imperialist feelings and attitudes in both countries.
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Torres, Mariana. "New towns and new towns in town: lessons from Chandigarh and Brasilia and the experience of present-day Chinese urbanization." Thesis, Boston University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27784.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
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Hj, Omar Abdul Razak. "Voluntary labour turnover in west Peninsular Malaysia : a comparison of the experiences of the Chinese, Indians and Malays." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294008.
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Jung, Youjin. "L’imposition des plus-values de cessions directes et indirectes des entreprises dans l’Etat de la source : les exemples de la Chine, de la Corée du Sud et de l’Inde." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020029.
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L’Asie est une des principales destinations, en termes de volume, des investissements mondiaux. Or, l’existence d’une sécurité tant juridique que fiscale est un paramètre majeur dans les choix des investisseurs étrangers. Quelques affaires récentes dans cette région, notamment « Lone Star Fund » en Corée du Sud et « Vodafone » en Inde, semblent remettre en question l’existence d’une telle sécurité. Les activités de nombreuses entreprises étrangères articulées autour d’opérations d’achat et de revente de parts de sociétés sont spéculatives. La Chine, la Corée du Sud et l’Inde, ayant constaté l’importance des profits générés par une telle pratique spéculative, ont choisi de les imposer, en tant qu’Etat de la source, soit avec l’adoption des règles dites « general anti-avoidance rules (GAAR) », soit avec l’interprétation extensive d’un principe découlant d’une loi fiscale, soit encore avec l’amendement des règles des revenus réputés de source. Ce faisant, elles n’ont pas tenu compte de l’existence de société-relais et n’ont pas nécessairement justifié cette imposition qui semble contrevenir à leurs conventions fiscales. La première partie de cette thèse consiste à étudier le droit interne et la pratique judiciaire de ces Etats. Dans un second temps, elle examine dans quelle mesure cette imposition s’articule avec leurs conventions fiscales. Enfin, elle cherche à comprendre pourquoi elles ont choisi une telle politique fiscale et propose quelques solutions pour rehausser le degré de prévisibilité de leur système juridiqueAsia is one of the main destinations in terms of global investment volume. But the existence of legal and fiscal certainties is an important factor for investors’ choices. Several recent cases in the region, including “Lone Star Fund” in South Korea and “Vodafone” in India, seem to question the existence of such certainties. Many foreign enterprises focus on the shares’ purchase and re-sale, which could be linked to speculation. China, South Korea and India, as source states, having identified speculative business which is making huge profits, decided to tax them, with adopting General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) or a broad interpretation of a tax law principle and also the rule amendment on income deemed to accrue. In so doing, they ignored the presence of conduit companies and did not justify this taxation which would seem to be a breach of their tax treaties.Firstly, this study examines domestic law and judicial practice of these states. In the second phase, it evaluates the extent to which this taxation relates to their tax treaties. Finally, it seeks to understand why they opt for such a tax policy and proposes some solutions to raise the level of predictability of their legal system
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Furlund, Eivind B. "Singapore, from third to first world country : The effect of development in Little India and Chinatown." Thesis, Trondheim : Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Geography, 2008. http://ntnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:124648/FULLTEXT01.
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Ramos, Nádia Filipa Lagarto. "Avaliação da fitotoxicidade de correctivos orgânicos." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13400.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - ULActualmente, os solos de Portugal apresentam uma das piores qualidades a nível Europeu devido à sua carência de matéria orgânica. Uma das alternativas encontradas é a aplicação de correctivos orgânicos, como por exemplo, produtos obtidos através do processo de compostagem de resíduos que apresentam um alto teor em matéria orgânica e nutrientes. No entanto, a aplicação destes produtos só deve ser feita quando é certo que não apresenta na sua composição qualquer tipo de substância com efeito fitotóxico que possa inibir a germinação e/ou crescimento da semente e/ou planta. Caso contrário, ocorrerá o oposto do que se pretende. Assim, a fitotxicidde de um correctivo é um parâmetro importante que deve ser sempre avaliado. O presente trabalho tem como objectivo comparar diferentes métodos de avaliação da fitotoxicidade, que incluem três ensaios de germinação (Zucconi et al.,1981, Tiquia,1999 e EN-16086-2) e dois ensaios de crescimento (CCME e EN-16086-1), utilizando quatro correctivos orgânicos com origem em materiais iniciais diferentes, através de dois indicadores: o agrião (Lepidium sativum L.) e a couve chinesa (Brassica rapa chinensie L.). Os resultados obtidos, em geral, apresentaram valores superiores para os ensaios com a couve chinesa, indicando que esta espécie de indicador tem uma menor sensibilidade a substâncias com efeito fitotóxico comparativamente ao agrião. O método da norma europeia EN-16086-2 apresentou vários obstáculos, pois refere que os compostos devem apresentar um pH entre 5,5 e 6,5 e uma condutividade elétrica (CE) inferior a 800 S.cm-1, caso contrário, é necessário corrigi-los adicionando turfa. No entanto, devido às elevadas CE das amostras para se obter uma mistura com valor de CE dentro do indicado na norma, utilizou-se uma grande quantidade de turfa, que promoveu a diluição das substâncias com efeito fitotóxico presentes nos compostos, e por isso, os resultados obtidos para este método não foram representativos
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Le, Pichon Alain. "Le fonds de commerce de jardine, matheson & co : aspects de la civilisation commerciale a canton : 1829-1839." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040046.
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En 1832, date de sa fondation officielle, jardine, matheson & co. Etait, a canton, l'une des rares maisons de commerce anglo-ecossaises independantes. Comme ses concurrentes, elle exercercait ses divers metiers dans le sillage du commerce officiel de la compagnie des indes orientales britannique : commerce international des denrees -- principalement de l'opium, mais aussi des autres produits orientaux; commerce des instruments financiers; et commerce de l'argent-metal. Neanmoins, cette firme familiale de taille encore tres modeste au debut des annees 1830, fut la seule parmi toutes ses concurrentes a passer sans encombre apparent le cap de la decennie extremement difficile qui preceda immediatement la premiere guerre de l'opium. Mais entre la legende d'un succes facile, et la realite d'un succes commercial authentique, quoique aprement dispute aux deboires et aux erreurs, la difference est considerable. Ce fut seulement grace a son assise commerciale solide, a des appuis politiques habilement recherches puis entretenus par les fondateurs, et a des benefices toujours accrus dans le commerce de l'opium, que la firme reussit a assurer sa perennite et sa croissance jusqu'a l'oree de la cinquieme decennie du xixe siecle. Cette longevite, inhabituelle parmi les firmes cantonaises exercant leur activite a cette epoque, trouve sa principale explication dans les caracteristiques particulieres du fonds de commerce de la firme, tel que le developperent deux fondateurs aux talents complementaires, william jardine et james matheson. Le present travail, essentiellement fonde sur une analyse des archives comptables et discursives de la firme pendant la periode consideree, met en lumiere les caracteristiques du fonds de commerce de la firme a cette etape de son developpement, et l'habilete des fondateurs a reparer les breches repetees qu'y entamerent tour a tour les retentissantes faillites internationales, de meme que la plus grande dereglementation commerciale de l'epoque -- l'abolition par le parlement britannique du monopole de la compagnie des indes orientales pour l'importation du the de chineIn 1832, the year of its official foundation, jardine, matheson & co. Was one of the few scottish independent agency houses operating in canton. Like its competitors, it plied its different lines of business in the wake of the official trade conducted by the british east india company. Its business was made up of trades for which there was international demand -- principally opium, as well as other oriental products; financial instruments; and bullion. The family firm, however, which had remained very small up to the early eighteen thirties, was the only one among its competitors to sail through the extremely stormy waters of the ten years immediately preceding the first opium war with no apparent harm. But there is considerable difference between the legend of an easy success, and the reality of this hard-won commercial success, which was reached only through a constant fight against repeated misfortunes and human errors. A stable commercial foundation, political alliances developed with flair and assiduity by the founders, and ever increasing profits from the opium trade, were among the main reasons which combined to ensure that the firm survived, grew and prospered into the eighteen forties when others faltered and disappeared. This unusual longevity for a canton firm of the period is best explained by the special characteristics of its constituency, as it was developed by two founders endowed with complementary talents, william jardine and james matheson. The current work, which is essentially based on an analysis of the archives of the firm for the relevant period -- both its accounts and its correspondence -- highlights the characteristics of the firm's constituency at that stage of its development, and the founders' skill at organising, and sometimes at improvising, repair-work against the repeated onslaught of international bankruptcies and of the most important commercial deregulation of the time -- the vote by the british parliament to abolish the monopoly of the east india company for china-tea imports
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Nofrian, Fachru. "Development and industrialization process in Indonesia and its comparison with China and India period 1950-2013." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010005.
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L'hypothèse principale dans ce travail est que même si la production industrielle en Indonésie a été influencée par le long processus de changement de régime de l'économie politique institutionnelle, il n'a pas encore déclenché le processus d'industrialisation et donc le développement en Indonésie n'ont pas changé de manière significative en dépit de sa grande taux de croissance de longue période, surtout par rapport à la Chine et l'Inde qui ont connu la stratégie d développement à peu près semblable et identique. Afin de vérifier notre hypothèse, ce travail utilise l'approche de taux de profit, celui du régime de croissance et celui d'entrée-sortie, à la place de la théorie néo -classique. Notre analyse montre que l'Indonésie a connu une baisse significative de son taux de profit 1971-2005 accompagnée d'une baisse de régime de croissance (la croissance de productivité et celle de demande) et un petit nombre de secteurs liés. la situation était nettement différente d'abord en Chine puis en Inde, où est observée et une légère augmentation de taux de profit, le régime de croissance et un certain nombre de secteurs liés, donc c'est un bon signal pour le processus d'industrialisationThe intuition behind this work is that even though the industrial production in Indonesia has been influenced by the long process of political economy regime changes, it has not triggered yet the process of industrialization and 50 the development in Indonesia have not changed significantly despite of its high growth rate for long period, especially compared to China and India that have experienced almost similar and identical development strategy. ln order to veri our hypothesis, this work uses profit rate, growth regime and input-output approaches, instead of neo-classical theory. Our analysis shows that Indonesia has experienced a significant decline in its profit rate from 1971 to 2005 accompanie by a decline in growth regime (productivity and demand regime) and a small number of linked sectors. The situation was sharply different first in China then, India, where a slight increase of profit rate, growth regime and a number of linked sectors is observed and 50 this is a good signal for the industrialization process
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Filliozat, Manonmani. "L'océan oriental : connaissances hydrographiques françaises aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4036.
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Li, Shenwen. "Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/NQ36297.pdf.
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Dina, Lagnona. "La relation franco-malgache face aux nouveaux enjeux géopolitiques dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien. La relation d'une présidence à un État (1990-2009)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3012.
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Le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien se présente comme une des zones d’influences traditionnelles françaises. Le maintien du leadership régional français passe par l’établissement de relations stables et amicales avec les États francophones riverains. L’ambition de la France est, de demeurer le principal partenaire de tous les États insulaires de l’océan Indien occidental. Considérée comme la porte de l’océan Indien, Madagascar figure parmi ces derniers. L’instabilité politique malgache fragilise la relation franco-malgache. Opérant des calculs coûts/avantages qui répondent aux impératifs nationaux, les officiels malgaches réorientent la politique étrangère à chaque nouvelle présidence .A ce titre, l’instabilité est l’une des spécificités de la relation franco-malgache. Remettant en cause la pérennisation de l’influence française à Madagascar, elle peut par conséquent, irradier la zone dite du « lac francophone ». Pour l’Etat français, il est impératif de maintenir Madagascar sous influence française. Cette ambition française répond aux objectifs en matière de politique étrangère post-bipolaire : à savoir la pérennisation de la puissance (moyenne) française dans certaines régions dans un monde oligopolaire. Endiguer, l’influence des nouvelles puissances telles que la Chine ou l’Afrique du sud à Madagascar et dans la région est impossible. Il s’agit pour la France de consolider les relations établies en vue de maintenir le statu quo post-guerre froideThe south western region of the Indian Ocean appears as one of the traditional French influence zones. Upholding the leadership of France in the area requires a solid and amicable relationship with the countries bordering the Indian Ocean. France’s goal is to remain the first main partner of all the French speaking countries in the area. Often described as “the gate to the Indian Ocean”, Madagascar is one of them. The Malagasy political instability jeopardizes the island’s relationship with France. With national imperatives in mind, Malagasy government officials try for a shift in foreign policy with each new presidency. In this regard, instability is one of the main features of French- Malagasy relationship. Putting at risk the perpetuation of the French influence in Madagascar, its consequences can spread all over the “French speaking Lake”. For France, keeping Madagascar under French influence is critical as it meets with France’s post-cold war foreign policy’s objectives such as: the perpetuation of French power (average) over several regions in an oligopolar world. Preventing the influence of other powers like China or South Africa in Madagascar is impossible. Therefore, for France, the challenge consists of strengthening existing relationships for the purpose of upholding post-cold-war status quo