Journal articles: 'Chinese Bells'

1

Rossing, Thomas D. "Acoustics of ancient Chinese bells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 4 (October 1999): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.427682.

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2

Shen, Sinyan. "Acoustics of Ancient Chinese Bells." Scientific American 256, no. 4 (April 1987): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0487-104.

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Rossing, Thomas D., D. Scott Hampton, Bernard E. Richardson, H. John Sathoff, and Andre Lehr. "Vibrational modes of Chinese two‐tone bells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, no. 1 (January 1988): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.396250.

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Rossing, Thomas D. "Acoustics of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean bells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, no. 4 (October 2004): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808643.

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5

Laichen, Sun. "Burmese bells and Chinese eroticism: Southeast Asia's cultural influence on China." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 38, no. 2 (May 25, 2007): 247–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463407000033.

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AbstractBy utilising a large number of historical and literary sources in Chinese and European languages, this article discusses the spread of Burmese bells (penis inserts) to China between the late sixteenth and early twenty-first centuries, a topic that has hitherto been understudied. It details the social factors behind each phase of transmission, the Chinese adaptation of a Southeast Asian practice, and physical description of Burmese bells. The research provides a new perspective to Southeast Asian–Chinese interactions and stresses the Southeast Asian cultural influence on Chinese society and sexual behaviour. It also argues that aphrodisiacs, like other commodities, have a legitimate place in Asian history.

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Pan, Jie, Xiaodong Li, Jing Tian, and Tanran Lin. "Short sound decay of ancient Chinese music bells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 6 (December 2002): 3042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1518985.

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7

Herren, Madeleine. "“Very old Chinese bells, a large number of which were melted down”." Global Europe – Basel Papers on Europe in a Global Perspective, no. 120 (August 3, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24437/globaleurope.i120.455.

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In the second half of the 19th century, Buddhist bells from Japan began to arrive in Switzerland. The fact that these were objects listed in the so-called ethnographic collections is not surprising and the history of collecting has been a subject of postcolonial research. However, remarkably, the travel route of these bells, some of which weighed over a ton, could not be documented. Until now, the way how the bells were imported into Switzerland as unknown, and the problem of their provenance unsolved. This article argues that a global history approach provides new insights in two respects: The consideration of materiality allows a new nderstanding of the objects, while the activities of local collectors, seen from a micro-global point of view, reveal the local imprints of the global. Within this rationale, a history of individual bells in the possession of individual art lovers and museums translates into a history of scrap metal trade, allows to consider the disposal of disliked objects at their place of origin, and opens up a global framing of local history. Using global history as a concept, the historicity of the global gains visibility as we look at the intersection of materiality and the local involvement of global networks. Ultimately, as we follow the journey of the bells, reinterpreting scrap metal into art has formed a striking way in which local history assimilates the global.

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Rossing, Thomas D., and Zhu Hong‐Fan. "Sound spectra of ancient Chinese bells in the Shanghai Museum." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, S1 (May 1989): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026917.

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9

Rom, Avital Hedva. "Beat the Drums or Break Them: Bells and Drums as Communication Devices in Early Chinese Warfare." Journal of Chinese Military History 9, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 125–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-bja10005.

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Abstract Warring States (453-221 BCE) and Western Han (206 BCE-9 CE) texts abound in references to drums and bells in discussions of warfare and martial affairs. This begs the question: how are we to understand such references? What role did these instruments have to play on the battlefield? This paper examines the role of sound in early Chinese warfare. By analyzing textual references to sound-producing instruments within the context of warfare, it seeks to emphasize the importance of organized sound production on the battlefield. I argue that, rather than mere ornamental “military music,” drums and bells were perceived by early Chinese strategists as indispensable sonic communication devices, which played a crucial role in victory or defeat in any battle.

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Takahashi, Junji. "Pitch of a set of ancient Chinese bells: Piao‐shi Bian Zhong." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025792.

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11

Jing, M. "A theoretical study of the vibration and acoustics of ancient Chinese bells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 3 (September 2003): 1622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1600727.

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Zahra, Fathimatuz, Muhammad Hasan Basri, Zainul Arifin, and Anista Ika Surachman. "Subuh Orchestra of Religious Harmony of Baitunnur Mosque and Santo Yusuf Catholics Church in Pati Central Java." FIKRAH 10, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/fikrah.v10i1.12065.

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<p class="07KatakunciKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">This article discusses religious harmony in Pati, Central Java, related to mosques and churches in one location. This harmony was awakening through the combination of the sound of church bells and the sound of the recitation in the mosque using loudspeakers to create harmony between the two houses of worship. Purposing of this article was to narrate and discuss the harmony that occurred in Pati by conducting interviews with Catholic religious leaders, Muslim religious leaders, and residents of Arab, indigenous, and Chinese descent. This study focuses on three questions (a) How are religious symbols in religious harmony; (b) How to build harmony with religious symbols in the form of church bells and adhan); (c) How the Subuh orchestra as a symbolic sacred call for people who perform rituals in the mosque called the call to prayer and in churches use church bells to signify the morning sacrament. The result of this research was that religious people build religious harmony through the dawn of this orchestra, making this simple culture a unifying tool for diversity in society.</span></p>

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13

Gao, Ming, Yu Cao, Xiao-yan Zeng, and Jia-xi Hu. "Microstructure characteristics and acoustic properties of laser repaired Chinese bronze bells 2300 years ago." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 3 (January 2011): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.142.

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14

Perdue, Peter C. "Saving the World: Chen Hongmou and Elite Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century China. By William T. Rowe. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. xii+601 pp. £40.00, $60.00. ISBN 0-8047-3735-5.]." China Quarterly 172 (December 2002): 1065–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902400629.

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The name Chen Hongmou (1696–1771) rings few bells today. Yet he was probably the most influential official of his time. A tough, honest, active man, not exactly a likable person, he was someone deeply dedicated to improving the people's welfare. In short, a model Qing official. In this blockbuster of a book, William T. Rowe uses Chen's life to examine the culture of the 18th-century bureaucracy, encompassing nearly all the classic problems of Chinese society, past and present.

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15

Takahashi, Junji. "Size-frequency relation and tonal system in a set of ancient Chinese bells: Piao-shi bianzhong." Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E) 10, no. 5 (1989): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.10.299.

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Xiaoxi, Liu. "“Distant Bells” by Phank Kok Jun: Chamber-Instrumental Version of the Dialogue between Chinese and European Traditions." Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, no. 128 (September 25, 2020): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2020.128.215204.

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17

Dawson, Deirdre R., and Carolyn Tanner-Cohen. "Visual Scanning Patterns in an Adult Chinese Population: Preliminary Normative Data." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 17, no. 4 (October 1997): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929701700403.

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Visual neglect is routinely tested using cancellation tasks. On these tests, subjects without visual neglect are expected to use a systematic left to right search pattern and detect virtually all targets (Weintraub & Mesulam, 1985). This premise of normal scanning being systematic and left to right also provides the foundation for scanning retraining, one rehabilitation approach for neglect. However, in an increasingly multicultural society, it behooves us to investigate cultural variations in normal visual scanning patterns. The purpose of this study was to begin to investigate normal visual scanning patterns in a sample of unilingual, Mandarin-speaking adults. The study was conducted at the Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Twenty-nine subjects completed three cancellation tasks: the Bells Test (Gauthier, Dehaut, & Joanette, 1989) and two from the Cancellation Test (Weintraub & Mesulam, 1985). The results showed that fewer subjects than reported by Gauthier et al. (1989) started their search with a left top or left middle orientation and fewer used a systematic scanning pattern. Clinicians responsible for testing and treating visual neglect in multicultural populations should be aware that more variation may be seen in performance on routine scanning tasks.

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Nicolas, Arsenio. "Gongs, Bells, and Cymbals: The Archaeological Record in Maritime Asia from the Ninth to the Seventeenth Centuries." Yearbook for Traditional Music 41 (2009): 62–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0740155800004148.

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The growth and expansion of maritime trade in the first millennium CE altered the musical landscape of Asia, from earlier Austronesian and Austroasiatic migrations, to the early contacts with India, China, Arabia, and the continuing navigation towards the Pacific and Oceania. Much later in the tenth century, Chinese chronicles describe that peoples from the south called Luzoes (Luzon, Philippines) had invaded its southern shores, while Indian histories record the voyages of sailors from western Indonesia. By the eighth century, Austronesian languages from Borneo had spread towards Madagascar. A trade centred on beads, tin, copper, pottery, ceramics, natural products, and food also carried musical instruments and musicians bearing new ideas in music making and ritual life.

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19

Fedorniak, Khrystyna. "BELLS IN THE PIANO MUSIC OF CHINA (BASED ON THE WORK OF CHINESE COMPOSER WANG JIANZHONG'S "THREE VARIATIONS ON A PLUM BLOSSOM MELODY”)." Ukrainian music 32, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33398/2224-0926-2019-32-2-111-117.

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Fedorniak, Khrystyna. "BELLS IN THE PIANO MUSIC OF CHINA (BASED ON THE WORK OF CHINESE COMPOSER WANG JIANZHONG'S "THREE VARIATIONS ON A PLUM BLOSSOM MELODY”)." Ukrainian music 32, no. 2 (December 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33398/2224-0926-2019-32-2/111/117.

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21

Sultan, Beenish, and Amna Mahmood. "BRICS space diplomacy and response of non-Western countries: the inscription of Neo-Functionalism." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.25.

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Outer space perseveres as a domain of contestation. In fact, the era of the early 2000s was also remarked to be embroiled in a ‘second space race’. In this regard, in November 2019, NATO also declared outer space as its operational domain. In contrast, BRICS formally committed in 2021 to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. Russia and China agreed to cooperate on a permanent manned lunar base and are investing heavily in their space programs. This is ringing bells in Western-led established order. Once the International Space Station (ISS) is decommissioned in 2022, China’s space station, if constructed in 2025, will be the only functioning global space station for which Beijing is already seeking cooperation from partners. Interestingly, NASA’s legislation prevents it from collaborating with the Chinese National Space Agency. This article endeavours to understand the scenario with a two-fold focus: will the emerging countries like BRICS follow the footsteps of the West in militarizing outer space? how countries other than China use this opportunity to attain a desirable position in the international order. The study provides an insight into how non-Western countries have secured a place in attaining a considerable position in outer space.

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22

Cook, Constance A. "Spring and Autumn Period." Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 1 (February 1995): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911800021628.

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In the history of chinese religions the Ch'un-ch'iu or Spring and Autumn period (eighth to fifth centuries B.C.E.) was a time of transition between the court rituals of the Western Chou gift-giving society and the private or local cult practices evident in the later Eastern Chou market economy (Cook 1993a). This was the time when the local lords usurped the Chou king's ritual “power” (te) to “charge” (ming) and the Chou lineage lost its authority. The transition is most evident in the speeches (yueh) of the kings and local rulers inscribed on the eating or striking surfaces of the late Western Chou and early Ch'un-ch'iu-period ritual bronze vessels and bells. These speeches or “spoken” liturgies of legitimation initially focused on the spiritually sanctioned right of the ruler to “charge” a gift recipient, but later simply focused on the right of the vessel-maker to charge himself. This shift is most evident after 771 B.C.E. when a western tribal group forced the Chou to flee their ancestral lands and altars. Local lords, originally on the periphery of Chou authority, called themselves kings and manipulated the Chou ideology to legitimate their own independent identities (see Cook on Chu in Cook and Major forthcoming). They relied on the guidance of ritualists (possibly descendants of the Western Chou shih and yin)whose knowledge of Chou liturgy and rites was a valued commodity at local courts (Cook 1993b).

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23

Huang, Yushun, and Kathryn Henderson. "A Critical Discussion of Daniel A. Bell’s Political Meritocracy." Journal of Chinese Humanities 4, no. 1 (August 14, 2018): 6–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340055.

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Abstract“Meritocracy” is among the political phenomena and political orientations found in modern Western democratic systems. Daniel A. Bell, however, imposes it on ancient Confucianism and contemporary China and refers to it in Chinese using loaded terms such asxianneng zhengzhi賢能政治 andshangxian zhi尚賢制. Bell’s “political meritocracy” not only consists of an anti-democratic political program but also is full of logical contradictions: at times, it is the antithesis of democracy, and, at other times, it is a supplement to democracy; sometimes it resolutely rejects democracy, and sometimes it desperately needs democratic mechanisms as the ultimate guarantee of its legitimacy. Bell’s criticism of democracy consists of untenable platitudes, and his defense of “political meritocracy” comprises a series of specious arguments. Ultimately, the main issue with “political meritocracy” is its blatant negation of popular sovereignty as well as the fact that it inherently represents a road leading directly to totalitarianism.

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Khayutina, Maria. "THE BEGINNING OF CULTURAL MEMORY PRODUCTION IN CHINA AND THE MEMORY POLICY OF THE ZHOU ROYAL HOUSE DURING THE WESTERN ZHOU PERIOD." Early China 44 (September 2021): 19–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2021.10.

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AbstractThis article explores how the memory of the conquest of Shang and the rise of the first Zhou kings was transmitted during the early centuries of the Zhou dynasty, specifically as it was reflected in inscriptions on excavated bronze vessels and bells from the Western Zhou period (ca. mid-eleventh to early eighth century b.c.e.). Approaching these inscribed objects and their texts from the perspective of the theories of social memory and cultural memory reveals that commemorating the foundational past of the dynasty became part of an intentional policy of the Zhou royal house as early as the first half of the tenth century b.c.e. It demonstrates that by the mid-tenth century b.c.e., a stable narrative emphasizing Kings Wen 文 and Wu 武 as the founding fathers of the Zhou dynasty was established at the expense of King Cheng 成, whose role was gradually downplayed following the general logic of lineage organization, according to which the commemoration of the earliest common ancestors serves as the foundation of corporate integrity in a network of patrilineally related families. It shows that most of the men who included such commemorations in inscriptions indeed belonged to the royal patrilineal network, wherein they occupied the highest positions. It further exemplifies that the royal house cultivated the memory of the first kings using various media, including rituals, utensils, royal speeches, and inscriptions. From the analysis of such inscriptions, we can infer that that the foundational memory of the Zhou dynasty was usually reactivated in the context of political negotiations, some of which included addressing lineage outsiders. Finally, it shows that both the royal house and other metropolitan lineages modified the foundational narrative according to their current needs. This article thus contributes both to tracing the roots of the early Chinese historiographic tradition and to understanding memory production in a society as an ongoing process of negotiations and adaptations.

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Bessmertny, Igor A., Xiaoxi Huang, Aleksei V. Platonov, Chuqiao Yu, and Julia A. Koroleva. "Applying the Bell’s Test to Chinese Texts." Entropy 22, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030275.

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Search engines are able to find documents containing patterns from a query. This approach can be used for alphabetic languages such as English. However, Chinese is highly dependent on context. The significant problem of Chinese text processing is the missing blanks between words, so it is necessary to segment the text to words before any other action. Algorithms for Chinese text segmentation should consider context; that is, the word segmentation process depends on other ideograms. As the existing segmentation algorithms are imperfect, we have considered an approach to build the context from all possible n-grams surrounding the query words. This paper proposes a quantum-inspired approach to rank Chinese text documents by their relevancy to the query. Particularly, this approach uses Bell’s test, which measures the quantum entanglement of two words within the context. The contexts of words are built using the hyperspace analogue to language (HAL) algorithm. Experiments fulfilled in three domains demonstrated that the proposed approach provides acceptable results.

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Startseva, S. M. "SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REALIA IN R. VAN GULIK’S DETECTIVE STORIES “THE CHINESE MAZE MURDERS”, “THE CHINESE BELL MURDERS” AND IN THEIR TRANSLATIONS INTO CHINESE AND RUSSIAN." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 3 (2017): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2017-3-147-151.

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27

Wheeler, Scott, and Judith Weir. "The Consolations of Scholarship: Music-Drama in the Form of a Yuan (Chinese 13th/14th Century) Opera (1985) [Mezzo Soprano; Flute/Alto Flute/Piccolo, Oboe, B-Flat Clarinet, Bassoon; Horn; Violin, Cello; Piano; Percussion (Side Drum and Set of Tubular Bells)]." Notes 50, no. 2 (December 1993): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/898526.

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Jia, Jiacheng, Rui Huang, and Yi Wang. "Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Mountain Forest Vegetation." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091443.

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Leaves from four common tree species in Chinese mountain forests, namely, Symplocos setchuensis Brand, Tarenna mollissima, Loropetalum chinense, and Castanopsis sclerophylla were studied to assess their ignitability. The microstructure of each sample was determined to investigate its effect on combustion performance. Differential thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (DTA–DSC) was performed to characterize thermal decomposition processes and relate them to flammability and fire resistance. In addition, pyrolysis reaction kinetic models were built, and fitting results were obtained in order to estimate the ignitability of the different abovementioned tree types. In this paper, the activation energy of the lignin decomposition stage was used to determine the fire hazard and ignitability. Regression analysis and correlation tests of microstructural parameters were performed. The results indicated that Castanopsis sclerophylla possessed the greatest fire hazard, followed by Loropetalum chinense, Tarenna mollissima, and Symplocos setchuensis Brand. The results of this study can provide a practical basis for the selection of fire-resistant tree species and forest belts.

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Jiang, Xiaohong, and Xiucheng Guo. "Evaluation of Performance and Technological Characteristics of Battery Electric Logistics Vehicles: China as a Case Study." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102455.

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The powertrain characteristics of battery electric logistics vehicles (BELVs) are extremely suited for the urban driving context and have a higher environmental protection potential for sustainable development, which can provide solutions for urban logistics decarbonization. The BELV is an important part of the Chinese national new-energy vehicle program, and the market penetration of BELVs has greatly improved. However, BELVs still have many technical shortcomings, which seriously affect their widespread acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the technological characteristics and development direction of BELVs based on a large amount of marketing and technological data. This research reviewed the Chinese incentive policies and industrialization progress of BELVs. An evaluation system comprising 8 technological indicators for evaluating BELV technological progress was proposed. The distribution characteristics of the curb mass, vehicle volume, all-electric range, top speed, driving power, energy efficiency, traction battery and motor technology were analyzed for 2017 and 2019 markets’ models. The vehicle total cost, vehicle performance and reliability of BELVs are not advantageous yet. However, all the performance parameters are improving year by year, constantly meeting logistics demands. The subsidies are needed for longer for the market to mature. Finally, several suggestions for the technical development direction of BELVs were proposed. All these results can be used to improve the vehicle performance, reliability and market penetration of BELVs.

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Liang, Zhuo. "Chinese perspectives on the ad bellum/in bello relationship and a cultural critique of the ad bellum/in bello separation in international humanitarian law." Leiden Journal of International Law 34, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 291–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156521000054.

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AbstractThe intriguing relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello has provoked perennial academic debates. This article examines this issue from Chinese perspectives and offers a cultural critique of the well-entrenched norm of the ad bellum/in bello separation in international humanitarian law. Based on its distinctive traditional perception of the world order and the meaning of war, China embraces a holistic understanding of the ad bellum/in bello relationship. This relationship is construed as essentially harmonized. The cardinal moral principle underpinning it is that a just war should be conducted in a just way. The ad bellum/in bello separation in international humanitarian law has a Western origin, and the rationale behind it intimates Western sensitivity to the European just war tradition in which jus in bello was parasitic on jus ad bellum. It is assumed that jus ad bellum and jus in bello are irreconcilably in conflict once they come into contact with one another. This assumption is followed by a widely-held belief that any attempt to reconnect the two concepts would bring nothing but the subordination of jus in bello to jus ad bellum as experienced in European just war and, consequently, the collapse of the former. Chinese perspectives nevertheless evidence that this conventional line of thinking, hampering scholars from thinking beyond the sealed ad bellum/in bello separation, is not sound. A proposal for a more constructive solution should be taken into consideration.

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Kovalenko, Andriy, and Svetlana Yukhymets. "Reproduction of Genre Peculiarities of the Chinese Belles-Lettres into English and Ukrainian." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 26, no. 27 (February 2019): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2018-27-15.

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The article deals with the problem of rendering the Chinese poetry ’shi’ in English and Ukrainian translation. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of translating realia. The translation operations employed to render the semantics and pragmatics of the Chinese belles-lettres literature by means of typologically distant languages have also been analyzed. Key words: Chinese poetry ’shi’, realia, translation operations

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Mujlli, Hadi Mohammed, and Abdulraman Sallam Alkubaty. "Chinese Acupuncture in Treatment of Bell’s Palsy Clinical Study." OALib 04, no. 06 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103714.

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Maquilan, Mary Ann D., Dominick C. Padilla, Donald W. Dickson, and Bala Rathinasabapathi. "Improved Resistance to Root-knot Nematode Species in an Advanced Inbred Line of Specialty Pepper (Capsicum annuum)." HortScience 55, no. 7 (July 2020): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14921-20.

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Bell and chili peppers are important vegetable and spice commodities worldwide. Significant yield reductions have been attributed to damage caused by root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.). This study addresses the need for developing pepper varieties that have high resistance to RKN, which is now of increasing importance due to restrictions on the use of fumigant nematicides. Our goal is to provide a nonchemical alternative to sustain commercial pepper production in Florida, which is a major producer of peppers in the United States. We evaluated ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’, an advanced inbred line developed from a cross between Capsicum annuum L. ‘Jalapeno’ and ‘Round of Hungary’, for resistance against the nematode in comparison with the parental and three other Capsicum cultivars, namely, C. annuum ‘Charleston Belle’, ‘California Wonder’, and C. chinense Jacq. ‘Datil’ in two separate growth chamber experiments. Based on egg mass indices and reproduction factors, ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’ was significantly more resistant to M. incognita compared with the other five cultivars. When tested with five RKN species, ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’ showed comparably high levels of resistance to M. arenaria and M. floridensis as ‘California Wonder’ based on the nematode reproduction factor. In ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’, however, there were no detectable M. arenaria egg masses, and M. incognita reproduction was minimal compared with that of ‘California Wonder’; both cultivars supported the reproduction of M. enterolobii and M. javanica, although the reproduction factors of M. enterolobii were ≈10-fold higher than M. javanica. To characterize the mechanism of high resistance to M. incognita in ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’, we examined the extent to which infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) were able to penetrate its roots in comparison with the susceptible ‘California Wonder’ and ‘Datil’ in two independent experiments; we conducted RKN root penetration assays with a single plant in a pot and two plants in a single-pot choice test using ‘Datil’ and ‘California Wonder’, respectively, as susceptible standards. In both assays, M. incognita J2s were absent in the roots of ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’ 7 days after inoculation but were present in the susceptible cultivars, indicating that resistance has an effect at the root invasion stage. In growth chamber experiments, at constant temperatures of 28 and 30 °C, ‘UFRJ107(6)A3’ exhibited M. incognita resistance superior to its parents and to the standard resistant bell pepper ‘Charleston Belle’, thus offering the potential to enhance specialty pepper production and for use as a nematode-resistant rootstock for commercial bell peppers.

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Choi, Jung-Bum. "A reassessment of so-called Hwangyongsa-style metal belt." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 82 (September 30, 2018): 125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.82.125.

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Discoveries of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts, usually brackets and belts as well as round and edge ornaments, excavated from the lower part of the pillar built in the center of this wooden pagoda in Gyeongju led the existence of this site to become known. Subsequent excavations have intermittently targeted local burial tombs but few cases have so far been found; it is nevertheless important to carefully consider the appearance, development, and extinction of these tombs as occurrences are only known from a limited time period between the late sixth century and early seventh century. One characteristic feature of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts is that the ornament and the pattern are raised together; this means that when a belt is worn it buckled by inserting a bracket needle into a round ornament. This is different from the inverted leap-like shape of a metal belt and somewhat similar to the way that these items are depicted as being buckled in Chinese burial mound and mural figures. Most of the patterns seen on these metal belts are also shared with decorative designs seen on reliefs and murals from North dynasty and Sui dynasty ancient tombs; on this basis, these artifacts can be viewed as Chinese-influenced Silla metal belts. Hwangnyongsa-style and Tang-style metal belts have also not been differentiated from one another in conventional interpretations and it has been considered reasonable to assume that the method of ornament making innovatively changed from the use of patterns to none. Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts can therefore be included within the same category as their Tang-style counterparts, as part of the evolution of these items in China. It is known that the Silla dynasty formed political ties with the Chinese dynasty at some point during the middle of the sixth century via the tributary appointment system. This led to a transformation of cultures and products inside China to fit the situation within the Silla dynasty which was then utilized for regional control; the Silla dynasty ruled rural areas by providing Oewie to local forces newly incorporated into the area and by including numerous local owners into the Gyeongwie system subsequent to unification. The time between the mid-sixth century and the early seventh century when the Oewie system was functioning within the Silla dynasty therefore functioned as a tool for regional control and is consistent with the timing of the appearance of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts in rural areas and changes in their form.

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Whitehand, JWR, and Kai Gu. "Urban fringe belts: evidence from China." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813515608849.

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Research on the fringe-belt concept has grown significantly in the past decade. This is particularly evident in parts of the world in which interest in urban morphology has been slight until recently. The main emphasis continues to be the light that this concept can shed on the historico-geographical grain of urban areas. This paper reports a morphogenetic investigation into fringe belts that gives particular attention to the fixation lines associated with Chinese city walls. Discussion is concentrated on a fringe belt related to one of the world’s longest and most massive city walls, that of Nanjing. The formation, consolidation and, in places, alienation of the Ming fringe belt of Nanjing has been influenced by natural and artificial fixation lines and the political economy of an authoritarian society. Understanding the changing spatial structure of fringe-belt landscapes has implications for the management of urban form in ways sensitive to its historico-geographical development.

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Zi, Weili. "The Influence of Traditional Auspicious Thoughts on Chinese Belly-Band Patterns." Chinese Studies 06, no. 03 (2017): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/chnstd.2017.63020.

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Wang, Duangui. "“The Eight Songs” by Zhao Jiping as the embodiment of the vocal and instrumental poem." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 52, no. 52 (October 3, 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-52.04.

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Formulation of the problem. An analysis of the genre-dramaturgical patterns in a poorly studied composition by the Chinese composer Zhao Jiping (2011) has been proposed. The relevance of the topic and the novelty of the received results of the genre-semantic analysis of the chosen vocal cycle are concluded in the search for the definition dictated by the artistic concept of its author – a cantata-type vocal poem (a small choir is introduced into the score). Among its criteria there are reliance on the orchestral accompaniment, the timbre variation of each song of the cycle, the poetry dictated by the presence of the image of the Poet, the symbolization of the poetic and intonation language, the cultural chronotope uniting the Time of History and its inclusion into the culture of the 21st century. The purpose of the article is to perform a genre-semantic analysis of “The Eight Songs” for Zhao Jiping’s voice and orchestra and to identify the main sound-image concepts of “the Chinese world view” that make up the drama of the vocal cycle. Analysis of the recent publications on the topic. In the second half of the 20th century, a new compositional approach to organizing vocal songs into a whole, poemness, appeared. In the articles by A. Belonenko (about “Petersburg” by G. Sviridov) and T. Zharkikh (about “Poemes pour Mi” by O. Messiaen), the research emphasis is placed on other problems of the organization of the vocal whole. For the first time, in the conditions of the poly-timbre vocal and orchestral synthesis and the national picture of the world poemness becomes the subject of a special interest of the singer-researcher. Research methods: the structural-functional analysis concerns the components of the composer’s text (the vocal melody and textural and timbre thematism of the orchestral part); the semantic one – reveals the symbolism of poetic texts; the genre analysis – aims to identify the individual interpretation of typical models of vocal music. The presentation of the main material. The poem principle became the embodiment of the author’s desire to unite several vocal miniatures into a single musical universe based on the common concept – the image of the Poet. The philosophical and religious feelings and thoughts contained in the texts chosen by the composer reflect not only his worldview, but also the national mentality and psychology of the world view of the “Chinese world view” (the chronotope of History). This rare quality of poetry – to unite the personality (I) and society (We) into a single “national image of the world” – is the essence of the symbolism of the ancient Chinese poetry of the Tang era. The desire to individualize the timbre composition in each of the parts of the cycle is a characteristic feature of many vocal and instrumental compositions of the 20th century. However, in Zhao Jiping’s work, the search for diversity acts simultaneously with the desire to preserve the timbre constants. As such, with this composer this role is represented by a string and bow group, as the carrier of the song beginning, which performs the function of the instrumental “nimbus” (more rarely, of the dialogue-counterpoint) in relation to the singer. In contrast to Western composers, Zhao Jiping does not seek to use “pure” timbres: vocals and xiao can be duplicated with the wind and plucked strings. The composer does not look for contrasting timbres in search of the associative community: on the contrary, he creates single-timbre groups (pipa + guzheng + harp, triangle + bells + cymbals) to vary the shades of the poetic text. Their “consonance” is close to assonance in poetry (from assono – “I sound in tune”), which in the musical context creates the timbre assonance. The symphonic instruments are combined in timbre groups (string, wind), and the ethnic often perform an individualized function (for example, guzheng with its irregular glissando in No. 2–4 gives a national flavour). The orchestral density, along with the gradual “academic turning” of timbres, increases from the second half of the sound of the cycle (No. 5) to the final. Xiao is replaced by the wind and brass (with No. 5), while the ethnic plucked is replaced by the harp. The gradual increase in the timbre multidimensionality of the texture also has the “opposite effect”, since it is combined with the enhancement of the timbre contrast in the final parts of the cycle and as a result of the “aggravation” of the chamberness. The most chamber part is number 6, where the brass is for the first time silenced, and only the pipa and guzheng are heard. The culmination of the “chamberness” is in the first stanza of the final: a duet of the voice and harp. Conclusion. The vocal-instrumental synthesis in the poem genre, identified in Zhao Jiping’s “The Eight Songs”, is characterized by the organic interaction of the national and European principles of musical thinking. The performers are faced with complex technical and psychological tasks that require a developed orchestral-timbre hearing, intellectualism and associative thinking. A vocal-instrumental poem is a way of modelling spiritual reality, in which the unity of time and space is manifested due to the poetic text, in which the integral sense-image of the Poet acts, personifying the sound-like concepts of the culture of its time and the history of an entire people (“national view of the world”), their “inclusion” into the musical chronotope of the 21st century.

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Lai, Ren, Yong-Tang Zheng, Ji-Hong Shen, Guan-Jie Liu, Hen Liu, Wen-Hui Lee, Shao-Zhong Tang, and Yun Zhang. "Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima." Peptides 23, no. 3 (March 2002): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00641-6.

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Pan, Li Yun, Cheng Chen, Shun Bo Zhao, and Chang Yong Li. "Experimental Study of Cyclic Loading Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthening with Externally Bonded Steel Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.304.

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Two large impaired reinforced concrete beams with pre-loading cracks were strengthened by the externally bonded steel frame composed with bottom steel plate and side hoop steel belts. The cyclic loading behaviors of these beams were tested to verify the effectiveness of this strengthening method specified in current Chinese design code. Based on the analyses of test results, the steel plate worked well with bonded concrete under normal service load, the hoop steel belts were necessary to prevent the peeling of bottom steel plate. The strengthened beams were effectively enhanced in flexural stiffness and ultimate resistance, and no new cracks appeared under the normal service load.

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Duan, Shengnan, Xiaoyan Tang, Junliang Zhan, Suke Liu, and Yuhui Zhang. "The Establishment of Evaluation Models for the Cooking Suitability of Different Pork Muscles." Foods 12, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040742.

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Pork is the main meat consumed by Chinese people. In this study, the sensory quality of four muscles (loin, shoulder, belly, and ham) under three cooking methods (boiling, scalding, and roasting) was examined, and the edible quality and nutritional quality of fresh meat were determined at the same time. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, and analysis of the coefficient of variation were used to determine key quality indicators, from which comprehensive quality evaluation equations were established. The results showed that, when meat was boiled, the comprehensive quality evaluation model was Y=0.1537X1+0.1805X2+0.2145X3+0.2233X4+0.2281X5 (X1~X5 are a*, fat, odor, tenderness, and flavor, respectively) and the most suitable muscle was belly; when meat slices were scalded in a hot pot, the comprehensive quality evaluation model was Y=0.1541X1+0.1787X2+0.2160X3+0.2174X4+0.2337X5 (X1~X5 are a*, fat, odor, tenderness, and flavor, respectively) and the most suitable muscle was belly; when meat was roasted, the comprehensive quality evaluation model was Y=0.1539X1+0.1557X2+0.1572X3+0.1677X4+0.1808X5+0.1845X6 (X1~X6 are flavor, marbling, elasticity, cooked flesh color, tenderness, and flesh color, respectively), and the most suitable muscles were belly and shoulder.

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Ju, Daushen, and Nancy Ewald Jackson. "Graphic and Phonological Processing in Chinese Character Identification." Journal of Reading Behavior 27, no. 3 (September 1995): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969509547885.

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A backward-masking procedure was used to examine the effect of graphic, phonological, and graphic-and-phonological information on Chinese character identification. Twenty-two Mandarin-speaking Taiwanese graduate students were asked to write down lists of paired characters presented sequentially in a tachistoscope. Analysis of variance performed on the target identification accuracy scores indicated that graphic information plays an essential role in Chinese character identification. Within the same time frame, phonological information, whether activated alone or in conjunction with graphic information, does not enhance the accuracy of identification. The present findings are discussed in relation to those of Perfetti and Zhang's (1991) Chinese character study and Perfetti, Bell, and Delaney's (1988) English word study.

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Chow, Lawrence C. K., Ricky C. N. Tam, and M. F. Li. "Use of Electroneurography as a Prognostic Indicator of Bell's Palsy in Chinese Patients." Otology & Neurotology 23, no. 4 (July 2002): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200207000-00033.

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Liu, Hui, Kun Jiang, Hugo Gamboa, Tingting Xue, and Tanja Schultz. "Bell Shape Embodying Zhongyong: The Pitch Histogram of Traditional Chinese Anhemitonic Pentatonic Folk Songs." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 8343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168343.

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As an essential subset of Chinese music, traditional Chinese folk songs frequently apply the anhemitonic pentatonic scale. In music education and demonstration, the Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic mode is usually introduced theoretically, supplemented by music appreciation, and a non-Chinese-speaking audience often lacks a perceptual understanding. We discovered that traditional Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic folk songs could be identified intuitively according to their distinctive bell-shaped pitch distribution in different types of pitch histograms, reflecting the Chinese characteristics of Zhongyong (the doctrine of the mean). Applying pitch distribution to the demonstration of the Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic folk songs, exemplified by a considerable number of instances, allows the audience to understand the culture behind the music from a new perspective by creating an auditory and visual association. We have also made preliminary attempts to feature and model the observations and implemented pilot classifiers to provide references for machine learning in music information retrieval (MIR). To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first MIR study to use various pitch histograms on traditional Chinese anhemitonic pentatonic folk songs, demonstrating that, based on cultural understanding, lightweight statistical approaches can progress cultural diversity in music education, computational musicology, and MIR.

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Alff, Henryk. "Belts and roads every- and nowhere: Conceptualizing infrastructural corridorization in the Indian Ocean." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (August 2020): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420911410c.

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This article scrutinizes the Maritime Silk Road Initiative by framing it not as a static, state-centric device to channel Chinese developmental ambitions, but by emphasizing the flexible character of its production and the provisional configuration of its materialization. It draws on assemblage theory as a conceptual angle to, on the one hand, focus on the agentive character of human and non-human ‘actors’ such as ‘traveling’ discourses of development or infrastructures to explore Maritime Silk Road Initiative’s materialization ‘on the ground’ in its emergent rather than resultant way, on the other.

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Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. "Mixed Script and Literacy in Korea." Korean Linguistics 12 (January 1, 2004): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.12.07ykk.

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Abstract. Today, Chinese characters (hanca) and Chinese-based Korean vocabulary (hancae or Sino-Korean) are either embraced or rejected as part of Korean identity. For more than a millennium, Koreans internalized Chinese belles lettres, making Chinese high culture a guiding light for gentlemen. Many Koreans today resent attitudes of satay ('serve the great') or mohwa ('adulate China'). However, others find this cynical self-image distorted or misguided. While the debate about mixed writing continues, the language will take its natural course. Since the "hankul only" policy was adopted in both Koreas, the need for continued use of Chinese has been felt, and policies have fluctuated. Nevertheless, Chinese � slowly coming to be seen as heavy, unclear, and perfunctory � is being abandoned. Hankul is there to stay, although it must keep "reforming" to trace language change. In today's global age, most South Koreans are no longer obsessed with independence. Mixed script with English or other European languages and logography in cyber writing may denote a contemporary educated people, despite strident voices from purists. Such mixed script constitutes an interesting new development in the Korean writing tradition. Whatever may evolve in both spoken and written Korean will be an important manifestation of national identity.

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Zhong, Xiao Han, and Hye Won Lee. "A Convergence Study on the Preference Analysis of Belly Band Design in Chinese Book Cover Design - Focused on Chinese People -." Korean Society of Science & Art 37, no. 5 (December 31, 2019): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2019.12.30.371.

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Zhang, Dongxu, Chunxiao Kong, Mei Zhang, and Qi Meng. "Courtyard Sound Field Characteristics by Bell Sounds in Han Chinese Buddhist Temples." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041279.

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The acoustic environments of Han Chinese Buddhist temples have long played an important role in the development of Buddhism. This study explored the effects of layouts and spatial elements of Han Chinese Buddhist temples on courtyard sound fields. First, sound fields of three traditional Han Chinese courtyards were measured, and results were compared with sound field simulations to determine the appropriate acoustic and software parameter setting for ancient building materials in the context of sound field simulation. Next, a sound field model for standard forms of Han Chinese Buddhist temples was built and analysed. Results indicate that in traditional Buddhist temples, spatial elements—such as the height and sound absorption coefficient of temple courtyard walls, position of courtyard partition walls, and the position and height of bell towers—could significantly affect the sound pressure level (SPL), reverberation time (RT), and musical clarity (C80) of each courtyard. However, enclosure materials, such as those used in roofs, on the ground, and in windows of Han Chinese Buddhist temples, had relatively small effects on temple courtyard sound fields.

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Grela-Chen, Magdalena. "Antithesis versus Inspiration: Chinese Clothing in the Eyes of Western Theorists and Fashion Designers." Intercultural Relations 4, no. 2(8) (February 16, 2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rm.02.2020.08.05.

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Dress is a part of Chinese cultural heritage that has fascinated Western audiences for centuries. On the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of China, there are items related to textiles, embroideries and certain examples of Chinese clothing. This article analyses issues connected with the different uses of Chinese dress in the West. To fashion theorists such as Bell, Wilson, Sapir and Veblen, Chinese dress was the opposite of modern Western clothing and did not deserve to be called fashion. However, researchers such as Welters, Lillethun and Craik have opposed viewing fashion theory through a Eurocentric prism in their desire to rewrite fashion history. Fashion designers drew ideas from China, treating it as a source of inspiration to create their own original designs. For some of them, such as Yves Saint Laurent, it was a China of their imagination. In certain cases, they made use of porcelain designs or dragon motifs in their own collections, for instance, in designs by Cavalli and Ford. The incorporation of Chinese garments into Western collections has also become visible.

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WANG, YU, CHIN-HO TSAI, LIYUN ZHOU, YAN QIU, and GUIHUA SUN. "Reassessment of the Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks and tectonic setting of Taiwan and the adjacent continental margin of eastern Asia." Geological Magazine 154, no. 5 (August 30, 2016): 1127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000741.

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AbstractIt remains unclear whether a crystalline basement exists in SE China (including Taiwan), whether the formation of the Tananao metamorphic belt in Taiwan was linked to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate, and whether the source rocks of the sedimentary sequences in the metamorphic belts are late Mesozoic or Palaeozoic in age. Field investigations and zircon age data in the present study indicate that there is no pre-Palaeozoic gneiss (crystalline basement) in Taiwan (although orthogneisses were produced during deformation and metamorphism of Mesozoic granites), and investigations of the metasediments show that the sedimentary sequences in the Tailuko and Yuli belts are similar. Moreover, LA-ICP-MS dating of detrital zircons from the Pingtan–Dongshan belt in Fujian Province yields a cluster of 206Pb–238U ages at ~ 210–190 Ma, and the Tailuko and Yuli belts in Taiwan have similar clusters of detrital zircon ages at 200 Ma, 160 Ma, 120 Ma and 110 Ma, as well as a later overprinting caused by arc–continent collision. The cathodoluminescence images and trace-element characteristics of the zircons show that they were originally magmatic in origin. This finding, combined with the Hf isotope data, indicates that the sources of sediments in the Tananao belt (Tailuko and Yuli belts) were relatively close to an active continental margin, and that both the Tailuko and Yuli belts have similar sedimentary sources. From the margin of the Chinese mainland to Taiwan, the metasediments seem to represent a continuous sequence of deposits ranging in age from Jurassic to Cretaceous, but with the sediments becoming progressively younger towards the east. It can be inferred that the sediments in the Tailuko and Yuli belts were continental-shelf sequences with sources in SE China.

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Goffe, Tao Leigh. "Sugarwork: The Gastropoetics of Afro-Asia After the Plantation." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2019): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00501003.

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The politics and the poetics of sugar and its production have long connected African and Asian diasporas as the material legacy of the Caribbean plantation. This article considers the repurposing of sugar as art and the aesthetic of artists of Afro-Chinese descent, Andrea Chung and Mara Magdalena Campos-Pons. Part of a diasporic tradition of employing sugar as a medium that I call sugarwork, their artwork evokes the colonial entanglements of nutrition and labour on the plantation, centered in the belly. The womb makes, and the stomach unmakes. This practice, employing the materiality of foodstuffs, is part of a gastropoetics, wherein centering the sensorium opens alternative forms of knowledge production to the European colonial archive. As the descendants of enslaved Africans and indentured Chinese, Campos-Pons and Chung metabolize sugar in ways that grapple with the futurity of the plantation to form a new intertwined genealogy of black and Chinese womanhood.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese Bells'

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