Journal articles: 'Chinese energy sector'

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Li, Zhaocheng, and Yu Song. "Energy Consumption Linkages of the Chinese Construction Sector." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051761.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between the construction sector and the rest of the Chinese economy in the energy consumption as it is crucial in energy consumption of the whole economy. Therefore, this paper uses the Modified Hypothetical Extraction Method (MHEM) to quantify the linkages of energy consumption in 2002, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2018, providing a new perspective for energy consumption linkage studies in China. In this paper we discover the volumes and paths of energy consumption net flows from other blocks to the construction sector and identify the key energy suppliers of the construction sector. The empirical findings show that the indirect energy consumption exceeded the direct energy consumption between 2002 and 2018, representing more than 90% of total (direct plus indirect) energy consumption of the construction sector. Between 2002 and 2018, the indirect energy consumption of the construction sector increased from 27,579 to 111,760 × 104 tons of coal equivalent (tce). We further find that the construction sector has the largest inflows of energy consumption to obtain its own demand than other sectors from 2002 to 2018. The average annual energy consumption net flows from other seven sectors to the construction sector were 1477, 687, 47,998, 6067, 1483, 7362 and 1923 × 104 tce in 2002–2018, respectively. Moreover, we find that the Manufacturing sector is the largest energy supplier of the construction sector between 2002 and 2018.

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Sheng, Chunhong, Yun Cao, and Bing Xue. "Residential Energy Sustainability in China and Germany: The Impact of National Energy Policy System." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124535.

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The energy consumption and carbon emission of Chinese households is growing rapidly and will continue to do so for the near future. Currently, Chinese energy policies mainly focus on the industrial sector instead of the residential sector. Among industrialized countries, Germany has performed relatively well in the residential sector, which can provide valuable lessons for China. This paper investigates the policy-making, implementation, and resulting patterns of Chinese and German residential energy policies from a multi-level perspective. The policy system study provides a holistic view over the factors influencing residential energy sustainability. The main findings are: (1) the German residential energy policy system follows a hybrid policy model, combining top-down and bottom-up policy designs, with more demand-side or market-oriented policies, and a high level of public participation, resulting in remarkable headway toward sustainability in the residential energy sector; and (2) the Chinese energy policy system is characterized by top-down, supply-side oriented market policies with limited public participation. The policy implication of this study for China is to shift its top-down policy paradigm to a hybrid policy model that facilitates public participation in the residential energy sector.

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Lim, C. L. "The Function of the Transnational Chinese Contract." Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 2-3 (2019): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340133.

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Abstract This article focusses on Chinese contractual practice in the energy sector and related sectors – principally in China’s inbound and outbound investments in the petroleum sector as well as in other energy-related financing and infrastructure construction contracts. Its concern is with the drafting of Belt and Road contracts, especially where this may lead to contract ‘internationalisation’. The article also discusses the interplay between Chinese contracts and treaties. It asks if there is Chinese receptiveness to international principles in seeking to protect the rights of Chinese as well as foreign parties. A preliminary finding is that there is an asymmetry between what Chinese upstream oil contracts do in protecting foreign ownership interests, even to the point of evincing Chinese acceptance of the ‘internationalisation’ of contracts, and the intergovernmental work done through negotiated treaty terms to protect Chinese investments abroad.

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Asensio, José Miguel, Alessandro Fiorini, and Juan Pablo Jimenez Navarro. "Chinese foreign direct investments in the EU energy sector." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (June 2019): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2018-002011.

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Conrad, Björn, and Genia Kostka. "Chinese investments in Europe's energy sector: Risks and opportunities?" Energy Policy 101 (February 2017): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.016.

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Zhang, Ming, Huanan Li, Min Zhou, and Hailin Mu. "Decomposition analysis of energy consumption in Chinese transportation sector." Applied Energy 88, no. 6 (2011): 2279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.077.

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Wei, Long, and Jian Guo Liu. "Industrial Regulation in Chinese New Energy Sector: Problems and Prospect." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2512.

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The investment and industrialization of China’s new energy sector has grown up with a considerable scope and an increasing momentum. However, its backwardness in core technology, market disorder, inconvenience of investment channels and squeezing export market space has been hindering the process at meantime. This paper, by reviewing the new development trend of new energy and policy initiations from various governments, analyzes the defects existing in Chinese industrial regulation against the new energy industry. The results reveals that systematic legislation, executive regulation and implementation scheme are not well manageable in terms of regulations on market access, pricing, trade contacting and underpinning R&D activities. This study suggests an industrial regulation scheme for China’s new energy industry in direction of renewing the energy consumption notion, establishing the energy system plan for next generation, widening the scope of governmental regulation, withdrawing the barriers among sectors and regions, building investment fund for new energy, supporting R&D and its commercialization as well as participating international coordination aiming at a favorable international trading order for new energy products.

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Yue, Peng, Yaodong Fan, Jonathan A. Batten, and Wei-Xing Zhou. "Information Transfer between Stock Market Sectors: A Comparison between the USA and China." Entropy 22, no. 2 (2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020194.

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Information diffusion within financial markets plays a crucial role in the process of price formation and the propagation of sentiment and risk. We perform a comparative analysis of information transfer between industry sectors of the Chinese and the USA stock markets, using daily sector indices for the period from 2000 to 2017. The information flow from one sector to another is measured by the transfer entropy of the daily returns of the two sector indices. We find that the most active sector in information exchange (i.e., the largest total information inflow and outflow) is the non-bank financial sector in the Chinese market and the technology sector in the USA market. This is consistent with the role of the non-bank sector in corporate financing in China and the impact of technological innovation in the USA. In each market, the most active sector is also the largest information sink that has the largest information inflow (i.e., inflow minus outflow). In contrast, we identify that the main information source is the bank sector in the Chinese market and the energy sector in the USA market. In the case of China, this is due to the importance of net bank lending as a signal of corporate activity and the role of energy pricing in affecting corporate profitability. There are sectors such as the real estate sector that could be an information sink in one market but an information source in the other, showing the complex behavior of different markets. Overall, these findings show that stock markets are more synchronized, or ordered, during periods of turmoil than during periods of stability.

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Yin Huang, Mengjun Wang, and Yaorong Cheng. "Energy use and emission in Chinese transportation sector: 1990-2009." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 9 (2013): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue9.19.

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Lin, Boqiang, and Guanglu Zhang. "Energy efficiency of Chinese service sector and its regional differences." Journal of Cleaner Production 168 (December 2017): 614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.020.

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Liu, Yanfeng, Yang Li, Dengjia Wang, and Jiaping Liu. "Energy and exergy utilizations of the Chinese urban residential sector." Energy Conversion and Management 86 (October 2014): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.037.

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12

Wang, Ke, and Xueying Yu. "Industrial Energy and Environment Efficiency of Chinese Cities: An Analysis Based on Range-Adjusted Measure." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 16, no. 04 (2014): 1023–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622014400033.

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Industrial energy and environment efficiency evaluation is essential in guiding national and environmental policy making, since the industrial sector is the largest energy consumer and major pollutants producer in China. This study utilizes the Range-Adjusted Measure (RAM)-based models to evaluate the energy and environment efficiency of industrial sectors in 31 Chinese major cities. The empirical results show that eastern Chinese cities outperform their western counterparts in terms of industrial energy efficiency, and central Chinese cities outperform their eastern counterparts in terms of industrial environment efficiency. Under natural disposability, 23 cities exhibit decreasing returns to scale, and under managerial disposability, 18 cities exhibit increasing damages to scale.

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Zhao, Ming-Ming, and Rongrong Li. "Decoupling and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions from economic output in Chinese Guangdong Province: A sector perspective." Energy & Environment 29, no. 4 (2018): 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x17754253.

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South China’s Guangdong Province, the Chinese largest provincial economy and the global 14th biggest economy, has been facing a huge challenge of achieving economic growth without emission growth. Developing new strategy for making economic growth compatible carbon reduction requires better understanding of the decoupling carbon emission from economic growth. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive decoupling and decomposition analysis of carbon emission from economic output in Guangdong Province from a sector perspective. We firstly calculate carbon emission in six sectors based on the energy consumption of each sector and carbon coefficient of 13 types of fuels during 2000–2014, and then quantify the decoupling status between CO2 emissions and economic growth in those six sectors by using the Tapio decoupling index, finally, investigate the influencing factors of emissions by using the decomposition techniques. The modeling results show that agricultural sector has strong decoupling, industrial, transport and others sectors are weak decoupling; construction and trade sectors are expansive negative decoupling. We also find that energy intensity and economic output are the major factors influencing carbon emission, also the effects of energy structure and emission factor among six sectors are studied. Some policy recommendations finally are put forward.

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Bungenberg, Marc, and Angshuman Hazarika. "Chinese Foreign Investments in the European Union Energy Sector: The Regulation of Security Concerns." Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 2-3 (2019): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340136.

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Abstract Energy investments from China have been flowing into the European Union (EU) over the last decade at an increasing rate. Part of these investments are made under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and involve Chinese State-owned Enterprises (SOEs). This flow of investments into critical sectors such as energy infrastructure and generation has raised considerable concern over their potential national security implications and prompted the European Commission to prepare new legislation to screen foreign investments in critical sectors, including energy. The new EU regulations complement existing investment screening mechanisms in a number of EU member states, and the application of EU merger control law. This article looks at the different screening and clearance mechanisms which Chinese investments in the energy sector may have to pass in the EU and aims to show how these screening mechanisms are used in practice.

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15

Huang, Yin, and Meng Jun Wang. "Research on Energy Consumption and CO₂ Emission for Transportation Sector in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1294.

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This paper aims at analyzing energy consumption and CO2 emission in the Chinese transportation sector. Historical data is used to investigate the energy consumption and intensity in China. Firstly, the energy consumption values in transportation sub-sectors are reviewed. Secondly, the CO2 emission in the transportation sub-sector are calculated. At last, the review of policies such as fuel econmy standards are summarized in this study. It is found in the study that highways transport was the biggest energy consumner and the biggest contributor to CO2 emission in China. It is urgent to adopt suitable energy policy to balance the energy consumption and matierial and material production and reduce emission in transportation sector.

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Xu, Wei, Yuchen Pan, Wenting Chen, and Hongyong Fu. "Forecasting Corporate Failure in the Chinese Energy Sector: A Novel Integrated Model of Deep Learning and Support Vector Machine." Energies 12, no. 12 (2019): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122251.

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Accurate forecasts of corporate failure in the Chinese energy sector are drivers for both operational excellence in the national energy systems and sustainable investment of the energy sector. This paper proposes a novel integrated model (NIM) for corporate failure forecasting in the Chinese energy sector by considering textual data and numerical data simultaneously. Given the feature of textual data and numerical data, convolutional neural network oriented deep learning (CNN-DL) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed as the base classifiers to forecast using textual data and numerical data, respectively. Subsequently, soft set (SS) theory is applied to integrate outputs of CNN-DL and SVM. Hence, NIM inherits advantages and avoids disadvantages of CNN-DL, SVM, and SS. It is able to improve the forecasting performance by taking full use of textual data and numerical data. For verification, NIM is applied to the real data of Chinese listed energy firms. Empirical results indicate that, compared with benchmarks, NIM demonstrates superior performance of corporate failure forecasting in the Chinese energy sector.

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Li, Ying, Yue Xia, Yang-Che Wu, and Wing-Keung Wong. "The Sustainability of Energy Substitution in the Chinese Electric Power Sector." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135463.

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The Chinese electric power industry, including its coal industry and other energy industries that are not efficient, contributes to China’s serious energy shortages and environmental contamination. The governing authority considers energy conservation to be one of the most prominent national targets, and has formulated various plans for decarbonizing the power system. Applying the trans-log cost function, this paper examined the trans-log cost function to analyze the potential inter-factor substitution among energy, capital and labor. We also investigated what role human capital played in energy substitution for the electric power sector during the period from 1981 to 2017. Three key results were derived: (1) energy is price-insensitive, (2) there exists large substitution sustainability between both capital and labor with energy, and (3) human capital input not only enhances the extent of energy substitutability with capital and labor but also is a substitute to energy itself. These findings imply that the liberalization of the electric price mechanism is conducive to lessening energy use and augmenting non-energy intensiveness, and that energy conservation technology could become more sustainable by investing more capital in the electricity sector, thereby achieving a capital–energy substitution and a decrease of CO2 emissions. We further suggest that the priority for the Chinese electric power industry should be to attach more importance to increasing human capital input.

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Bett, Philip E., Hazel E. Thornton, Julia F. Lockwood, et al. "Skill and Reliability of Seasonal Forecasts for the Chinese Energy Sector." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 11 (2017): 3099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0070.1.

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AbstractThe skill and reliability of forecasts of winter and summer temperature, wind speed, and irradiance over China are assessed using the Met Office Global Seasonal Forecast System, version 5 (GloSea5). Skill in such forecasts is important for the future development of seasonal climate services for the energy sector, allowing better estimates of forthcoming demand and renewable electricity supply. It was found that, although overall the skill from the direct model output is patchy, some high-skill regions of interest to the energy sector can be identified. In particular, winter mean wind speed is skillfully forecast around the coast of the South China Sea, related to skillful forecasts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Such information could improve seasonal estimates of offshore wind-power generation. In a similar way, forecasts of winter irradiance have good skill in eastern central China, with possible use for solar-power estimation. Skill in predicting summer temperatures, which derives from an upward trend, is shown over much of China. The region around Beijing, however, retains this skill even when detrended. This temperature skill could be helpful in managing summer energy demand. While both the strengths and limitations of the results presented here will need to be considered when developing seasonal climate services in the future, the outlook for such service development in China is promising.

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Zhang, M., G. Li, H. L. Mu, and Y. D. Ning. "Energy and exergy efficiencies in the Chinese transportation sector, 1980–2009." Energy 36, no. 2 (2011): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.044.

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Liu, Liyun, Zhenzhi Zhao, Mingming Zhang, and Dequn Zhou. "Green investment efficiency in the Chinese energy sector: Overinvestment or underinvestment?" Energy Policy 160 (January 2022): 112694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112694.

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Seliverstov, Sergey S., and Vsevolod D. Krivonosov. "Structuring Chinese Energy Investments Under the Russian Law on Strategic Investments." Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 2-3 (2019): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340135.

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Abstract As one of the world’s leading oil- and gas-exporting countries, Russia has many of the prerequisites for playing a significant role in achieving some of the energy policy objectives of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In fact a number of multi-billion Chinese investments in the Russian energy sector have been made during the past few years. Taking the existing experience of Chinese energy investors into account, this article critically analyzes the legal and regulatory framework governing the production of natural resources and the making of energy investments in Russia. The Russian authorities consider energy as a sector of high strategic importance, necessitating increased attention by its legislator and supervising bodies. The article argues that the restrictions imposed on investors by Russia’s rigid legislation predetermine the participation of state-controlled companies and ensure that all major foreign investments in Russia’s oil and gas sector are assessed primarily for their political significance.

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Wang, Jilu. "Investment Sino-Russian energy cooperation within the framework of the "dual circulation" strategy: State and prospects." Russian Economic Journal, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-2-114-126.

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The article discusses the state and prospects of investment cooperation between China and Russia in the energy sector within the framework of the “dual circulation” strategy adopted by China in 2020. The analysis of time series showing the share of Russia in China`s foreign investments in the energy sector in comparison with the countries of Central and South Asia, the Middle East and South America, the ratio of Russian and Chinese investments in the energy sector of the Russian Federation, the forms of investment cooperation and volumes of Chinese investments by main investment forms of participation, and the share of Russian energy resources in total imports energy resources in China are carrried out. The investment needs of the Russian energy sector until 2035 in order to determine the prospects for further cooperation are also decribed in the article.

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Pedrozo, Gustavo Erler, and Mauri Da Silva. "A Cooperação Chinesa para o Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Verdes frente ao “Novo Normal”." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 6, no. 3 (2018): 491–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2017.v6n3.05.p491.

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A alteração climática e suas consequências têm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de tecnologias verdes como alternativa às energias fósseis. Nos últimos anos, a China aumentou substancialmente os investimentos e desenvolvimento de tecnologias verdes e se posicionou como líder na promoção da cooperação Sul-Sul para o tema. Este trabalho buscou analisar as políticas chinesas de cooperação para o desenvolvimento no setor energético de acordo com a hipótese do Novo Bandung de Giovanni Arrighi e com uma definição mais ampla de Cooperação Sul-Sul. Assim, foram analisados: (1) projetos financiados pelo Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento e pelo Banco Asiático de Investimento em Infraestrutura; (2) empréstimos e financiamentos concedidos pelos bancos chineses de desenvolvimento; e (3) grandes investimentos chineses no setor de energia. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de uma investigação de natureza aplicada, a abordagem ao problema de pesquisa será qualitativa e do tipo exploratória e terá como critério técnico para o levantamento e coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica. Os dados apontam que os investimentos e financiamentos direcionados à periferia concentram-se em setores energéticos tradicionais em proporção maior que à cooperação para energias verdes. Argumenta-se que os fatores determinantes para isso são: a “nova normalidade”, os compromissos internacionais para o clima, os limites ambientais internos e a capacidade do governo chinês em articular seus interesses mediante atuação de diversas instituições. Palavras-chave: China. Cooperação Sul-Sul. Tecnologias verdes.   Abstract: Climate change and its consequences have stimulated the development of green technologies as an alternative to the fossil energy sources. In recent years, China has substantially increased investment and development of green technologies and has positioned itself as a leader in promoting South-South cooperation for climate change. This paper aimed to analyze the Chinese Cooperation for Development in the energy sector in according to the Giovanni Arrighi New Bandung’s hypothesis and a wider South-South Cooperation definition. Thus, we analyzed: (1) projects financed by the New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; (2) loans and financing from Chinese development banks; and (3) large investments in the energy sector provide by Chinese enterprises. The data showed that investments and financing are concentrated in traditional energy sectors in greater proportion than cooperation for green energy. We argue that the determining factors for that are the “new normal”, the recent international climate commitments, the internal environmental limits, and the ability of the Chinese government to articulate its interests through its economic planning institutions. Keywords: China. South-South Cooperation; Green technology.   Recebido em: março/2017 Aprovado em: dezembro/2017.

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Gunay, Samet, Walid Bakry, and Somar Al-Mohamad. "The Australian Stock Market’s Reaction to the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Black Summer Bushfires: A Sectoral Analysis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 4 (2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040175.

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In this study, we investigated the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on various sectors of the Australian stock market. Market capitalization and equally weighted indices were formed for eleven Australian sectors to examine the influence of the pandemic on them. First, we examined the financial contagion between the Chinese stock market and Australian sector indices through the dynamic conditional correlation fractionally integrated generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (DCC-FIGARCH) model. We found high time-varying correlations between the Chinese stock market and most of the Australian sector indices, with the financial, health care, information technology, and utility sectors displaying a decrease in co-movements during the pandemic. The Modified Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares (MICSS) analysis results indicated the presence of structural breaks in the volatilities of most of the sector indices around the end of February 2020, but consumer staples, industry, information technology and real estate indices did not display any break. Markov regime-switching regression analysis depicted that the pandemic has mainly affected three sectors: consumer staples, industry, and real estate. When we considered the firm size, we found that smaller companies in the energy sector exhibited gradual deterioration, whereas small firms in the consumer staples sector experienced the largest positive impact from the pandemic.

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Wang, H., J. Bi, R. Zhang, and M. Liu. "The carbon emissions of Chinese cities." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 3 (2012): 7985–8007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-7985-2012.

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Abstract. As increasing urbanization has become a national policy priority for economic growth in China, cities have become important players in efforts to reduce carbon emissions. However, their efforts have been hampered by the lack of specific and comparable carbon emission inventories. Comprehensive carbon emission inventories, which present both a relatively current snapshot and also show how emissions have changed over the past several years, of twelve Chinese cities were developed using bottom-up approach. Carbon emissions in most of Chinese cities rose along with economic growth from 2004 to 2008. Yet per capita carbon emissions varied between the highest and lowest emitting cities by a factor of nearly 7. Average per capita carbon emissions varied across sectors, including industrial energy consumption (64.3%), industrial processes (10.2%), transportation (10.6%), household energy consumption (8.0%), commercial energy consumption (4.3%) and waste processing (2.5%). The levels of per capita carbon emissions in China's cities were higher than we anticipated before comparing them with the average of global cities. This is mainly due to the major contribution of industry sector encompassing industrial energy consumption and industrial processes to the total carbon emissions of Chinese cities.

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Perez, Gerardo “Gerry” Alfonso. "Volatility Clustering at a Sector Level in the Chinese Equity Market." International Journal of Financial Research 9, no. 3 (2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n3p103.

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The issue of volatility clustering i.e., if periods of high volatility on stocks returns are typically followed by other periods of high volatility and vice versa, is analysed in this article at a sector level for the Chinese stock market. This analysis was performed with daily returns for the period from 2008 to 2017. When the entire dataset is analysed the statistical tests are rather consistent indicating that there is volatility clustering for all the major nine sectors (basic materials, communications, consumer cyclical, consumer non-cyclical, energy financial, industrial, technology and utilities). However, when each year is analysed independently the results are much more mixed with some sectors, such as technology companies, that could a priori look as a prime candidate for volatility clustering having less years with such feature present that other sectors such as for instance basic materials. The issue of volatility clustering at a sector level is of clear interest and can be used as another tool to optimize portfolio allocations. It is interesting to see that volatility clustering seems to be present when the statistical tests are performed over long periods of time but less so when the timeframe is shortened.

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Salygin, V. I., I. A. Guliyev, and M. I. Ryabova. "Renewable Energy in China." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-36-45.

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China is the most densely populated country in the world with high rate of economic growth resulting in higher demand for energy resources and in strive to guarantee stable supply of these resources. Chinese annual GDP growth in 2012 and 2013 was down to 7.7% comparing to 10% in 2000-2011 [7]. In 2012 and 2013 economic growth stumbled because of slowdown in manufacturing and exports, taking into account that Chinese government was eager to cut inflation and excessive investments in some segments of the market. Speaking about energy sector Chinese government is aimed at promotion of market-based pricing systems, activities for advanced energy efficiency and higher competition between energy companies, and increased investment in renewable energy resources. Considering renewables as one of many ways to diversify energy supplies, lower dependence on coal and improve environmental situation Chinese government actively supports and develops programs aimed at support of renewable energy industry in China. Chinese economic development is tightly attached to five-year plans. It seems important to mention the fact that main energy goals for current 12-th "five-year plan" are to achieve 15% renewables consumption and CO2 sequestration up to 40-45% by2020 in order to lower dependency on coal and improve environmental situation. As a result of Chinese state policy to develop renewables China achieved certain results in wind energy, helioenergetics, hydroenergetics and energy from waste recycling.

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Tang, Tianbo, Jianxin You, Hui Sun, and Hao Zhang. "Transportation Efficiency Evaluation Considering the Environmental Impact for China’s Freight Sector: A Parallel Data Envelopment Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185108.

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The freight sector is an important component of China’s national economy. It is composed of multiple sub-sectors and has a complex internal structure. This internal structure can hide information on the freight sector’s operational performance. Previous studies on transportation operational performance made measurements based on the whole transportation sector, and all of these studies ignored the impacts that the internal structure of the sub-sectors have on performance, which leaves a gap in the research. To illustrate this structure, this study proposes a parallel slacks-based measure model to measure transportation efficiency, which can represent the freight sector’s operational performance. The efficiencies of transportation operations for the whole freight sector and its three sub-sectors are further measured, by treating the sub-sectors as parallel subunits. Then, the inefficiency sources from the sub-sectors can be identified by the proposed model. To detect the environmental impact on transportation operations, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are also considered in the evaluation. On the basis of the proposed approach, an application of the Chinese freight sector from 2013 to 2017 is provided. The impacts of influential factors on transportation efficiency are also explored. The empirical findings can be illustrated as follows: (1) there exist significant disparities in regional transportation efficiencies in the freight sector and its sub-sectors; (2) the inefficient transportation performance of the Chinese freight sector mainly derives from the poor performance of the waterway sub-sector; and (3) freight volume and population density have positive impacts on the transportation efficiencies of the railway and highway sub-sectors. Finally, some policies for improving transportation efficiency are also provided.

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Smyth, Russell, Paresh Kumar Narayan, and Hongliang Shi. "Substitution between energy and classical factor inputs in the Chinese steel sector." Applied Energy 88, no. 1 (2011): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.019.

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Zhang, Ming, and Wenwen Wang. "Analysis of Exergy Utilization in the Chinese Transportation Sector." International Journal of Green Energy 8, no. 3 (2011): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2011.557846.

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Wang, H., R. Zhang, M. Liu, and J. Bi. "The carbon emissions of Chinese cities." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 14 (2012): 6197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6197-2012.

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Abstract. As increasing urbanization has become a national policy priority for economic growth in China, cities have become important players in efforts to reduce carbon emissions. However, their efforts have been hampered by the lack of specific and comparable carbon emission inventories. Comprehensive carbon emission inventories for twelve Chinese cities, which present both a relatively current snapshot and also show how emissions have changed over the past several years, were developed using a bottom-up approach. Carbon emissions in most Chinese cities rose along with economic growth from 2004 to 2008. Yet per capita carbon emissions varied between the highest and lowest emitting cities by a factor of nearly 7. Average contributions of sectors to per capita emissions for all Chinese cities were 65.1% for industrial energy consumption, 10.1% for industrial processes, 10.4% for transportation, 7.7% for household energy consumption, 4.2% for commercial energy consumption and 2.5% for waste processing. However, these shares are characterized by considerable variability due to city-specific factors. The levels of per capita carbon emissions in China's cities were higher than we anticipated before comparing them with the average of ten cities in other parts of the world. This is mainly due to the major contribution of the industry sector in Chinese cities.

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Zeng and Zhu. "Market Power and Technology Diffusion in an Energy-Intensive Sector Covered by an Emissions Trading Scheme." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143870.

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The emissions trading scheme (ETS) has been long advocated to address climate change not only because it is cost effective but also because it can provide economic incentives for the adoption of new technologies. The emissions abatement of the energy-intensive sector covered by ETS is of great significance for the whole nation to attain sustainable and low-carbon development, especially for developing countries. This paper investigates the effect of market power in the emissions trading market on the diffusion of a new emissions abatement technology when firms in the energy-intensive sector interact in an imperfectly competitive output market. In the model, each firm needs to determine the optimal time to adopt the new emissions abatement technology, taking into account its benefits and costs, as well as its rival’s strategic behavior. With this framework, the results suggest that firms will delay adoption of the new emissions abatement technology in the presence of market power. Moreover, when the output demand is larger and more elastic, emissions abatement technology diffusion will occur earlier. It implies that the technology diffusion in the weak elastic sector, such as the Chinese iron and steel sector, may have more barriers than that in the strong elastic sector, such as the Chinese nonferrous metals sector.

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Shapiro-Bengtsen, Sara, Frits Møller Andersen, Marie Münster, and Lele Zou. "Municipal solid waste available to the Chinese energy sector – Provincial projections to 2050." Waste Management 112 (July 2020): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.014.

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Zha, Donglan, Anil Savio Kavuri, and Songjian Si. "Energy-biased technical change in the Chinese industrial sector with CES production functions." Energy 148 (April 2018): 896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.087.

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Curran, Louise, Ping Lv, and Francesca Spigarelli. "Chinese investment in the EU renewable energy sector: Motives, synergies and policy implications." Energy Policy 101 (February 2017): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.018.

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ZHANG, J., and G. WANG. "Energy saving technologies and productive efficiency in the Chinese iron and steel sector." Energy 33, no. 4 (2008): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.11.002.

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Wu, Shu, and Song Ding. "Efficiency improvement, structural change, and energy intensity reduction: Evidence from Chinese agricultural sector." Energy Economics 99 (July 2021): 105313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105313.

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Wenjing, Ruan, Feng Xinxin, and Xiao Hanxiong. "Investment Prospect and Risk Analysis of Energy and Power Sector in Greece." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 03051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125203051.

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Greece’s superior location advantages make it a key gateway for global energy enterprises to open the European market. At present, the consolidation of energy security in Greece provides investment opportunities for Chinese energy and power companies. However, it also faces risks such as the strengthening of the EU’s foreign investment review. This paper proposes that policy should be further strengthened at the national level, in order to guide domestic energy. At the same time, the enterprises must improve investment strategies and strengthen the construction of transnational operation capacity.

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Raźniak, Piotr, Sławomir Dorocki, Tomasz Rachwał, and Anna Winiarczyk-Raźniak. "The Role of the Energy Sector in the Command and Control Function of Cities in Conditions of Sustainability Transitions." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227579.

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The largest companies that are part of the energy sector are defined by Forbes as those associated with the production of energy from nonrenewable sources and they play a very significant role in the world economy and in the generation of the command and control (C & C) function of cities. No comprehensive studies are available at the present time illustrating changes in financial performance in relation to the share of the largest firms in the energy sector in terms of their role in the generation of the C & C function. Thus, the aim of the paper is to show changes in financial performance and the impacts of energy sector companies on the C & C function of cities as well as to show spatial variances in the sector’s geography. The energy sector is developing most rapidly in Chinese cities, although it does not play a major role in the most important cities in the world via its impact on the C & C function—this may be due to rapid growth in other sectors of the economy. It is, however, very important in smaller cities. On the other hand, a large share of the energy sector involved in the development of renewable sources of energy may disturb the position of cities whose C & C function relies on energy sector companies. Thus, forecasts are needed for the sector and its impact on the command and control function of cities for the period of transition from nonrenewable sources to renewable ones. One new area of research is the formulation of methods that would allow the determination of the effects of economic recessions in the future on the financial health and C & C function impacts of the energy sector.

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Zeng, Ka. "Domestic Politics and US-China Trade Disputes over Renewable Energy." Journal of East Asian Studies 15, no. 3 (2015): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800009139.

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In this article I draw on the two-level game approach to analyze the influence of domestic politics on US-China trade disputes in alternative energy, especially in solar energy. I suggest that the difficulty Washington faces in getting China to address market access barriers in alternative energy needs to be viewed in light of both the coalitional dynamics in the United States resulting from the specific bilateral trade and investment relationship in this sector and Beijing's willingness to use industrial policy to foster economic competitiveness in nascent industries. Specifically, as China occupies the middle of the supply chain in the solar industry, both downstream users of low-cost Chinese imports and exporters of upstream products to China have voiced strong concerns about US trade action. Such domestic opposition, coupled with the importance of industrial policy for defending the country's long-term interests in a “strategic emerging” sector such as alternative energy, substantially constrains Washington's ability to influence Chinese policies.

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Murata, Akinobu, Yasuhiko Kondou, Mu Hailin, and Zhou Weisheng. "Electricity demand in the Chinese urban household-sector." Applied Energy 85, no. 12 (2008): 1113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.05.008.

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Sun, Hongbo. "China-Venezuelan Oil Cooperation Model." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 5-6 (2014): 648–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341322.

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With the shift of the world growth gravity from the industrialized countries to the emerging economies, the China-Latin American relationship has greater political and economic implications in the current international power transition. The energy ties between China and Latin America have been significantly strengthened in the oil sector and the China-Venezuela oil cooperation model is a unique example that might explain the dynamics of China’s energy interaction with Latin American resource countries. This oil cooperation model is a plural collaboration pattern with the oil sector as the cooperation axis and is extended to the infrastructure, high-tech, agriculture and other sectors under the intergovernmental institutionalized cooperative framework, which is supported by Chinese financial credit. China and Venezuela have high complementarities of energy interest in terms of the oil trade, finance and infrastructure building, based on the two countries’ relative economic advantages.

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Christensen, Nis Høyrup. "Subsidization in China's Renewable Energy Sector: Negotiability as the Norm." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (2015): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i1.4814.

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The Chinese government's decision to push for large-scale build up of renewable energy capacity was followed by a range of industrial policies to support this change of track. Most importantly, various forms of subsidies were launched to support both industries and markets. While important new research has added to our understanding of China's state capitalism by documenting the depth and breadth of subsidies to solar PV manufactures, very little attention has been paid to how subsidies are determined and how companies influence these processes. This article takes a neo-institutional perspective with the aim of understanding the institutional context for the interplay between companies and Party-state, and the norms established through this interaction. It explores two cases, the biomass and solar industry, and shows how subsidies are perceived as being negotiable. Understanding this negotiability of subsidies as an institutionalized norm helps us understand both an important factor shaping China's renewable energy sector and the wider dynamics of state capitalism in China.

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Völgyi, Katalin, and Eszter Lukács. "Chinese and Indian FDI in Hungary and the role of Eastern Opening policy." Asia Europe Journal 19, no. 2 (2021): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-020-00592-1.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to assess the main features of Chinese and Indian investments in Hungary and the role of the Hungarian Government’s Eastern Opening policy in the attraction of investments from these two Asian giants. This paper covers the sectoral distribution, modes of market entry, and motivations of Chinese and Indian foreign direct investments. The automotive sector is the most attractive sector for investors from both countries. ICT manufacturing (electronics) and services, and the renewable energy sector are also very attractive for Chinese companies. The same is true for IT/BPO services and the chemical sector in the case of Indian companies. Chinese and Indian companies enter the Hungarian economy mainly through green-field investments or acquisitions. Market-seeking and strategic asset-seeking motives are dominant in the case of investors from both countries. This paper also puts a special emphasis on studying the impacts of Hungary’s Eastern Opening policy (launched in 2012) on Chinese and Indian investments. The findings show that the Eastern Opening policy has had a significant impact on the investment decision (location choice) of new Chinese and Indian investors and further expansion of investments by Chinese and Indian companies located in Hungary due to four factors, namely high-ranking political meetings, strategic cooperation agreements, cash grants from the Hungarian Government and supportive services of HIPA.

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Baležentis, Tomas, and Dalia Štreimikienė. "Sustainability in the Electricity Sector through Advanced Technologies: Energy Mix Transition and Smart Grid Technology in China." Energies 12, no. 6 (2019): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061142.

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In this paper, we integrate technological, institutional, and financial approaches towards expansion of the smart grid technology. We turn to China as the major producer and consumer of energy with an increasing focus on renewables. China’s electricity market has experienced a number of reforms while trying to address the economic and environmental challenges. In order to identify the basic requirements for the Chinese power sector, we look into the underlying trends of the energy mix, regulatory policies, and financial flows. Understanding these facets allows one to suggest directions for the further development of the Chinese power sector in the light of the smart grid concept. Indeed, the smart grid concept has no strict definition and, therefore, requires simultaneous consideration of multiple factors. The analysis shows that ensuring smooth transfer of electricity across the regions is a quintessential condition for smart grid development and the promotion of renewable energy in China. As the role of the state-owned enterprises still remains the most important one in the sector, private initiatives should be supported. Therefore, financial incentives are needed to guide the shifts in the energy mix and maintain efficient energy generation and consumption in China.

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Teng, Xiangyu, Liang Lu, and Yung-ho Chiu. "Considering Emission Treatment for Energy-Efficiency Improvement and Air Pollution Reduction in China’s Industrial Sector." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 4329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114329.

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China has one of the most serious air quality conditions in the world, with the main energy consumption and air pollution emissions coming from its industrial sector. Since 2010, the Chinese government has strengthened the governance requirements for industrial sector emissions. This study uses emission treatment as a new input on the basis of past literature, and employs the dynamic SBM model to evaluate the energy and emission-reduction efficiencies of the country’s industrial sector from 2011 to 2015. The study finds that the improvement in industrial sector efficiency is not only due to the optimization of the energy consumption structure and reduction of energy intensity, but also from investing inemission treatment methods that help cut emissions as an undesirable output. The end result is a positive effect on the improvement and sustainability of energy and emission-reduction efficiencies.

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Liu, Weijiang, Mingze Du, and Yuxin Bai. "Mechanisms of Environmental Regulation’s Impact on Green Technological Progress—Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041600.

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As the world’s largest developing country, and as the home to many of the world’s factories, China plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of the world economy regarding environmental protection, energy conservation, and emission reduction issues. Based on the data from 2003–2015, this paper examined the green total factor productivity and the technological progress in the Chinese manufacturing industry. A slack-based measure (SBM) Malmquist productivity index was used to measure the bias of technological change (BTC), input-biased technological change (IBTC), and output-biased technological change (OBTC) by decomposing the technological progress. It also investigated the mechanism of environmental regulation, property right structure, enterprise-scale, energy consumption structure, and other factors on China’s technological progress bias. The empirical results showed the following: (1) there was a bias of technological progress in the Chinese manufacturing industry during the research period; (2) although China’s manufacturing industry’s output tended to become greener, it was still characterized by a preference for overall CO2 output; and (3) the impact of environmental regulations on the Chinese manufacturing industry’s technological progress had a significant threshold effect. The flexible control of environmental regulatory strength will benefit the Chinese manufacturing industry’s technological development. (4) R&D investment, export delivery value, and structure of energy consumption significantly contributed to promoting technological progress. This study provides further insight into the sustainable development of China’s manufacturing sector to promote green-biased technological progress and to achieve the dual goal of environmental protection and healthy economic growth.

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Choi, Jungseok, Woohyoung Kim, and Seokkyu Choi. "The Economic Effects of China’s Distribution Industry: An Input-Output Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063477.

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This study contributes by analyzing the economic effects of China’s distribution industry based on China’s 2012 and 2017 input-output data. It analyzes changes in the forward and backward linkage effect over a five-year period in accordance with the Chinese government’s distribution industry policy. The coefficients of the effects of the Chinese distribution industry, using Input-Output Tables and a comparative analysis of the sensitivity of dispersion, were determined. In terms of the coefficient of influence, most of the sectors that ranked high in 2012 are related to manufacturing, except for lodging and catering. The sensitivity and influence coefficients indicate that the top-ranked sectors in 2012 were more affected by the raw materials and energy essential for manufacturing development than by the services sector.

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Jiang, Yongzhong, Xueli Chen, Vivian Valdmanis, and Tomas Baležentis. "Evaluating Economic and Environmental Performance of the Chinese Industry Sector." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (2019): 6804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236804.

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This study assesses economic and environmental performance in the Chinese industry sector across 30 provinces during the period of 2006–2017. The study relies on a nonparametric framework and we apply a novel decomposition of the overall inefficiency scores into three components of technical, scale and mix inefficiency at the aggregate level by incorporating undesirable outputs. As we rely on by-production technology, industry performance is split into economic and environmental dimensions. Our results show that Chinese industry inefficiency is equally due to economic and environmental performance during 2006–2017, whereas technical and scale inefficiencies are relatively higher for environmental sub-technology (which relates energy to CO2 emission) if opposed to the economic sub-technology (which relates all the inputs to the economic value added). This implies that Chinese industry still requires improvements in environmental performance. The eastern region shows a relatively low average economic overall inefficiency if compared to other regions, yet its total OI (overall inefficiency) is the highest among the regions. Thus, environmental performance and misallocation of resources constitute the underlying causes of the total inefficiency. Therefore, structural reforms are necessary besides improvements in the production processes in the eastern region. This is important since China has experienced economic growth, but also policy must pay attention to environmental issues and sustainability.

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Meng, Tongyu, Christine Woods, Jamie Newth, and Basil Sharp. "Reasons and Motives in Impact Investing: Ethical Sensemaking in the Chinese Renewable Energy Sector." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (2020): 10251. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.10251abstract.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese energy sector'

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