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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese herbal medicine market'
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1
Shahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam, Wenli Sun, and Qi Cheng. "The influence of traditional Iranian and Chinese medicine on western and islamic countries." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 2 (August 4, 2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i2.42490.
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Traditional Chinese and Iranian medicine are ancient medical and health care systems that still forms an important part of diagnosis and treatment systems in Iran, China and other parts of the world. The integration of these two systems and modern biomedicine is also an important issue. Iranian and Chinese traditional medicines recommended for health promotion and well-being. Chinese herbal drugs have been described by medieval Muslim medical scholars such as Tabari, Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna and Jurjani (1137 CE). Traditional Chinese and Iranian medicine play an important role in sustainable agriculture and food systems, it also offers a holistic approach to prevent diseases while making appropriate use of organic and herbal products especially growth by small-scale family farmers. Both Iranian and Chinese traditional medicines may help to balance temperature, and both can be health prevention and preservation. Traditional healing practices consist of Islamic religious text based practices, Islamic worship practices and folk healing practices, Islamic religious text based practices are included spiritual healing, medicinal herbs, applied therapy and dietary prescriptions. At present, herbal medications or related products in the global market are derived from Chinese herbs, Indian herbs, Iranian herbs, Arabic herbs, and Western herbs. Herbal remedies may also be classified into three categories, namely, modern herbs, theoretical herbs, and empirical herbs, in accordance with their nature/characteristics and the nature of current usage. Traditional Chinese
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 94-99
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Kudlu, Chithprabha, and Mark Nichter. "Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market." Asian Medicine 14, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 104–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341437.
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Abstract India’s share in the global herbal market is dwarfed by that of China. Public and policy discourse in India exhorts Ayurvedic stakeholders to emulate Chinese medicine’s “science-based approach” to expand their global market share. But contrary to popular perception in India, China has been largely unsuccessful in making inroads into the coveted Euro-American herbal medicine market. Chinese medicine’s global footprint is largely the result of historical-cultural links, diasporic influences, and acupuncture practitioners. With national traditional medicine policies increasingly shaped by the evidence-based regulatory paradigm, the future of these informal bottom-up pathways is uncertain. Ignoring the roots of Chinese medicine’s global career has led to a distorted image of its “success” as an outcome of state investment in scientific validation and standardization programs. Our findings underscore the need to critically examine the imaginaries of success that drive stakeholders of non-biomedical traditions toward scientization to earn legitimacy and profits in the global realm.
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Li, Xiwen, Yuning Chen, Yunfeng Lai, Qing Yang, Hao Hu, and Yitao Wang. "Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources: Systematic Evaluation on Different Production Modes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/218901.
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The usage amount of medicinal plant rapidly increased along with the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. The higher market demand and the shortage of wild herbal resources enforce us to carry out large-scale introduction and cultivation. Herbal cultivation can ease current contradiction between medicinal resources supply and demand while they bring new problems such as pesticide residues and plant disease and pests. Researchers have recently placed high hopes on the application of natural fostering, a new method incorporated herbal production and diversity protecting practically, which can solve the problems brought by artificial cultivation. However no modes can solve all problems existing in current herbal production. This study evaluated different production modes including cultivation, natural fostering, and wild collection to guide the traditional Chinese medicine production for sustainable utilization of herbal resources.
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Schwabl, Herbert. "It is Modern to be Traditional: Tradition and Tibetan Medicine in the European Context." Asian Medicine 5, no. 2 (2009): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342109x568865.
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Europe takes a rather cautious approach to herbal medicines. Traditional Herbal Medicines are regulated via European Union-directive 2001/83/EC, especially articles 16a‐h. For Asian medicines, this new regulation poses several challenges, specifically the requirements on medicine ‘quality’ and on requirements of a proven record of at least 15 years of tradition or use within the EU. This makes it very hard for most of the medicines of Asian tradition to enter the EU market as medicines. The notion of ‘tradition’ in this directive may have been taken from a definition given by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on Traditional Medicine or from the existing label Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Both concepts, although labelled as ‘traditional’, link themselves to a modernised and standardised practice of complementary medicine in a globalised setting. This essay investigates the function of the label ‘traditional’ in the European frame in connection with Tibetan medicine.
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Gong, Yongling. "Therapy response of Chinese herbal medicine in primary liver cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.488.
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488 Background: Aiming at starting the ball rolling and contributing humble effort to promote Chinese traditional medicine, we report successful cases of Chinese herbal decoction for primary liver cancer. Methods: Conventional therapy of surgical resection and artery catheterization chemotherapy was applied in cases reported. In the meantime, we administered Chinese medicine (Gan Decoction, mixed with a variety of effective herbal components) to help them to recover from poor condition. Results: After taking the Chinese herbal decoction for months, the tumour marker (AFP, CA19-9) level dramatically decreased to the normal range. Most residual intrahepatic metastatic sites reduced according to ultrasonography/CT imaging, and the patient felt free from the complaint of abdominal discomfort. The quality of life has been greatly improved, we managed to have prolonged the PFS (Progression-Free-Survival) and TTP (Time-to-Progression) from the onset to date. Conclusions: Chinese medicine considers human body as a dynamic platform in which all organs are correlative and bind each other. Each case showed distinguished liver cancer progression and heterogeneity with individual therapy response. Our report suggested that Chinese herbs might be an additional choice with its better benefits and tolerability in the treatment of primary liver cancer.
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Kuo, Wen-Hua. "Promoting Chinese Herbal Drugs through Regulatory Globalisation." Asian Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (October 3, 2015): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341351.
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This study explores the social dynamics in promoting traditional Chinese medicine (tcm) drugs by making them acceptable to biomedical markets. It investigates the Consortium for Globalization of Chinese Medicine (cgcm), an organisation based in Hong Kong in pursuit of advancing tcm, and traces the development of the herbal formula phy906, a Chinese herbal product intensively discussed at the cgcm that has been tested according to the us Food and Drug Administration’s regulation for approval. Departing from accounts on the organisation’s success that focus either on its scientific approach or its leader Yung-chi Cheng, this paper argues that it was the synergy between the cgcm and the pursuit of approval for phy906 that contributed to the regulatory globalisation of tcm. In this process, not only organisations like the cgcm are required to streamline efforts for producing globalised tcm; also researchers are needed who, with cultural commitment, seek for transforming tcm to meet biomedical indications.
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Zhou, Xian, Chun-Guang Li, Dennis Chang, and Alan Bensoussan. "Current Status and Major Challenges to the Safety and Efficacy Presented by Chinese Herbal Medicine." Medicines 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010014.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is not only used prevalently in Asian countries but has also gained a stable market globally. As a principal form of TCM, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is comprised of treatments using multiple Chinese herbs which have complex chemical profiles. Due to a lack of understanding of its modality and a lack of standardization, there are significant challenges associated with regulating CHM’s safety for practice and understanding its mechanisms of efficacy. Currently, there are many issues that need to be overcome in regard to the safety and efficacy of CHM for the further development of evidence-based practices. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms behind the efficacy of CHM, and develop proper quality standards and regulations to ensure a similar safety standard as Western drugs. This paper outlines the status of CHM in terms of its safety and efficacy and attempts to provide approaches to address these issues.
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Siow, Yaw L., Yuewen Gong, Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung, Connie W. H. Woo, Patrick C. Choy, and Karmin O. "Emerging issues in traditional Chinese medicine." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-029.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has many beneficial effects and has been practiced for several thousand years. It is known to treat the cause of a disease rather than to alleviate its symptoms. Based on a belief that TCM is natural, safe, and of lower cost, consumers worldwide are spending more out-of-pocket money on this form of therapy. This increased spending, and reports of adverse reactions, has drawn the attention of many regulatory agencies. Scientists have called for more evidence-based and scientific research on the risks and benefits of TCM. In Canada, the Natural Health Product Regulations came into effect January 2004. TCM herbal product manufacturers will need to provide products of reputable quality to the market. Many will apply modern technology and good science to support their products. The issues facing producers, scientists, and consumers alike are quality control and assessment, standardization of bioactive components, mechanisms of actions, and integration of the evolved modern Chinese medicine into the healthcare system. Solid science, better regulation of the final product, and better education of consumers are necessary to extract the best of TCM to complement existing conventional medicine to deliver the best healthcare.Key words: bioactive components, chromatographic fingerprinting, integration, mechanisms, Natural Health Product (NHP) Regulations, standardization, traditional Chinese medicine.
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Lixin, Yang, Huai Huyin, and Pei Shengji. "Medicinal Plants and Their Conservation in China with Reference to the Chinese Himalayan Region." Asian Medicine 5, no. 2 (2009): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342109x568810.
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The use of herbal medicine in China has a long history. Since ancient times, plants have been the main source of medicines for people’s healthcare all over China. Today, medicinal plants are widely used in different medical systems including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Tibetan Medicine (TM) for health care and functional food in China, and as supplies of natural products for industrial manufacturing for the international market. In the last half-century, great progress has been made in science and technology and there has been rapid social and economic development. The impact of this rapid development and population pressures on medicinal plants from wild habitats increases day by day. The modernization policy of traditional medicine in China is seen as a challenge to maintaining traditional medical systems. The Chinese Himalayan Region covers five provinces (Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan) in west China, with a land area of 2 million km², including the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the west and the Hengduan Mountains in the southwest. In this paper, we discuss the rich diversity of medicinal plants of China and the Chinese Himalayan Region; the diversity of medicinal plant utilization of China; threatened medicinal plants and threats to medicinal plants; the conservation status of medicinal plants in China; and proposed Important Plant Areas for medical plants in the Chinese Himalayan Region.
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Li, Yan-Ying, Min-Qun Guo, Xue-Mei Li, and Xiu-Wei Yang. "Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus Herbal Pair by Using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UHPLC-DAD." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 4782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204782.
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The herbal pair of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula used for treating gastro-intestinal disorders. In this study, we established a systematic method for chemical profiling and quantification analysis of the major constituents in the CR-EF herbal pair. A method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) for qualitative analysis was developed. Sixty-five compounds, including alkaloids, phenolics, and limonoids, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. The UHPLC fingerprints of 19 batches of the CR-EF herbal pair samples were obtained and the reference fingerprint chromatograms were established. Furthermore, nine compounds among 24 common peaks of fingerprints were considered as marker components, which either had high contents or significant bioactivities, were applied to quality control of the CR-EF herbal pair by quantitative analysis. This UHPLC-DAD analysis method was validated by precision, linearity, repeatability, stability, recovery, and so on. The method was simple and sensitive, and thus reliable for quantitative and chemical fingerprint analysis for the quality evaluation and control of the CR-EF herbal pair and related traditional Chinese medicines.
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Patwardhan, Bhushan, Dnyaneshwar Warude, P. Pushpangadan, and Narendra Bhatt. "Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comparative Overview." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2, no. 4 (2005): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh140.
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Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remain the most ancient yet living traditions. There has been increased global interest in traditional medicine. Efforts to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine are underway. China has been successful in promoting its therapies with more research and science-based approach, while Ayurveda still needs more extensive scientific research and evidence base. This review gives an overview of basic principles and commonalities of TIM and TCM and discusses key determinants of success, which these great traditions need to address to compete in global markets.
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Yuan, Meifang, and Yan Hong. "Heterogeneity of Chinese Medical Herbs in Singapore Assessed by Fluorescence AFLP Analysis." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 31, no. 05 (January 2003): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x03001351.
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There are conflicting records on the identity of Chinese medical herbs, and it is known that different plant materials are used under the same common names in different regions in China. However, there is no study on the genetic heterogeneity of medical herbs in any market outside of China. In this report, Chinese medical herbs under common names Radix Quinquefolii (American Ginseng or Xiyangshen), Radix Astragali (Huangqi), Radix Notoginseng (Tianqi), Coxtex Cinnamomum (Guipi), Radix Isatidis (Banlangen), Radix Codonopsis (Dangshen) and Radix Rehmannia (Shengdi) were collected from three independent herbal shops in Singapore and their DNAs were isolated and subjected to fluorescence Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. While samples for Radix Quinquefolii and Radix Astragali were homogenous genetically [similarity index (SI) = 0.85 – 1.00] across the three shops, genetic heterogeneity was found for the other herbs (SI < 0.7). For example, four samples of Radix Codonopsis were of three distinct patterns (SI < 0.6). Our results highlight the situation that genetically distinct herbal materials are labeled and marketed under the same common names in an international market of Chinese medical herbs, which may contribute to inconsistency in quality and efficacy.
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Wang, Chengcheng, Lihong Chen, Chaoqie Xu, Jingjing Shi, Shuyu Chen, Mengxia Tan, Jiali Chen, et al. "A Comprehensive Review for Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biosynthesis Studies on Glycyrrhiza spp." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 48, no. 01 (January 2020): 17–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x20500020.
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Licorice is extensively applied in food as well as herbal medicine across the world, possessing a substantial share in the global market. It has made great progress in chemical and pharmacological research in recent years. Currently, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were officially used as Gan-Cao according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Accumulating evidence demonstrated three varieties of licorice have their own special compounds except for two quality markers set by Pharmacopoeia, providing great possibility for better understanding their characteristics, evaluating quality of each species and studying biosynthesis mechanisms of species–specific compounds. As a special “guide drug” in clinic, licorice plays an important role in Chinese herbal formulas. The interaction between licorice with other ingredients and their metabolism in vivo should also be taken into consideration. In addition, draft genome annotation, and success of the final step of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis have paved the way for biosynthesis of other active constituents in licorice, a promising beginning of solving source shortage. Accordingly, we comprehensively explored the nearly 400 chemical compounds found in the three varieties of licorice so far, systematically excavated various pharmacological activities, including metabolism via CYP450 system in vivo, and introduced the complete biosynthesis pathway of glycyrrhizin in licorice. The review will facilitate the further research toward this herbal medicine.
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He, Haiyan, Dan Zhang, Jianing Gao, Theis Raaschou Andersen, and Zishen Mou. "Identification and evaluation ofLonicera japonicaflos introduced to the Hailuogou area based on ITS sequences and active compounds." PeerJ 7 (September 3, 2019): e7636. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7636.
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Lonicera japonicaflos (LJF), the dried flower buds ofL. japonicaThunb., have been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. Recent studies have reported that LJF has many medicinal properties because of its antioxidative, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. LJF is widely used in China in foods and healthcare products, and is contained in more than 30% of current traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. Because of this, many Chinese villages cultivate LJF instead of traditional crops due to its high commercial value in the herbal medicine market. Since 2005, the flower buds ofL. japonicaare the only original LJF parts considered according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. However, for historical and commercial reasons, some closely related species ofLonicera Linn. continue to be mislabeled and used as LJF. Currently, there are hundreds of commercial varieties of LJF on the market and it is difficult to choose fine LJF varieties to cultivate. In this study, a total of 21 varieties labeled as LJF on the market were planted in the Hailuogou area. In order to choose the optimum variety, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence alignment analysis was used to test whether the 21 varieties were genuine LJF or not. Cluster analysis of active components based on the content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in flower buds, stems and leaves was used to evaluate the quality of the varieties. Results demonstrated that four of the varieties wereL. macranthoidesHand.-Mazz., while the other 17 varieties wereL. japonica, and genuine LJF. The ITS sequence analysis was proven to be highly effective in identifying LJF andLoniceraeflos. Among the 17L. japonicavarieties, the amounts of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in flower buds, stems and leaves were significantly different. Based on the cluster analysis method, the variety H11 was observed to have the highest level of active components, and is therefore recommended for large-scale planting in the Hailuogou area.
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Tung, Fang-Wu. "Rediscovering Herb Lane: Application of Design Thinking to Enhance Visitor Experience in a Traditional Market." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074033.
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The need to redevelop depressed traditional markets as cultural tourism attractions has been recognized as urgent in contemporary urban regeneration projects. The survival and development of these marketplaces can support economic prosperity and sociocultural diversity. This study applies design thinking to foster multidisciplinary collaboration and integrate interactive technology with the aim of enhancing visitor experience in Herb Lane, which is a traditional market for traditional Chinese herbs. The practice-based research details the activities and methods to be undertaken to support a multidisciplinary collaboration throughout the design thinking process. The outcome yielded from the process was a mobile application that provides personal herbal recommendations, inspired by traditional Chinese medicine practices and herb-finding activities and supported by visual recognition technology. The mobile application was evaluated through a field trial study, and the results indicate that the mobile application can significantly enhance visitor experience in Herb Lane. This study is expected to contribute to the research and practical knowledge regarding design thinking, multidisciplinary collaboration, and smart tourism. It should also encourage relevant professionals to work together for the continuity and development of traditional markets.
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Jiang, Wenjun, Li Ren, Mengyue Guo, Nitin Mantri, Sha Zhao, and Xiaohui Pang. "Detecting Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Its Chinese Patent Medicines with a Nucleotide Signature." Genes 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10050397.
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Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi) is often adulterated with Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (Nanwuweizi) in the herbal market. This adulteration is a threat to clinical treatment and safety. In this study, we aimed to develop a nucleotide signature for the identification of Wuweizi and its Chinese patent medicines based on the mini-DNA barcoding technique. We collected 49 samples to obtain internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences and developed a 26-bp nucleotide signature (5′-CGCTTTGCGACGCTCCCCTCCCTCCC-3′) on the basis of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site within the ITS2 region that is unique to Wuweizi. Then, using the nucleotide signature, we investigated 27 batches of commercial crude drug samples labeled as Wuweizi and eight batches of Chinese patent medicines containing Wuweizi. Results showed that eight commercial crude drug samples were adulterants and one of the Chinese patent medicines contained adulterants. The nucleotide signature can serve as an effective tool for identifying Wuweizi and its Chinese patent medicines and can thus be used to ensure clinical drug safety.
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Meng, Wang, Ren Xiaoliang, Gao Xiumei, Franco Francesco Vincieri, and Anna Rita Bilia. "Stability of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 12 (December 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401229.
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Studies on stability of active ingredients are fundamental and critical for the rational development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in view of its modernization and worldwide use. The stability of both active and marker constituents of plants used in TCM is reviewed for the first time. More than 100 papers, mostly written in Chinese, have been reviewed. Studies concerning plant constituents were analyzed according to their chemical classification of active ingredients. In addition, several crude drugs of animal origin are also reported. Stability of active ingredients is summarized during extraction and/or storage of the herbal drug preparations, and under stress conditions (pH, temperature, solvents, light, and humidity) and in the presence of preservatives, antioxidants, and metals.
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Pan, Si Yuan, Shan Pan, Zhi-Ling Yu, Dik-Lung Ma, Si-Bao Chen, Wang-Fun Fong, Yi-Fan Han, and Kam-Ming Ko. "New Perspectives on Innovative Drug Discovery: An Overview." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 3 (November 8, 2010): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j39w2g.
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Despite advances in technology, drug discovery is still a lengthy, expensive, difficult, and inefficient process, with a low rate of success. Today, advances in biomedical science have brought about great strides in therapeutic interventions for a wide spectrum of diseases. The advent of biochemical techniques and cutting-edge bio/chemical technologies has made available a plethora of practical approaches to drug screening and design. In 2010, the total sales of the global pharmaceutical market will reach 600 billion US dollars and expand to over 975 billion dollars by 2013. The aim of this review is to summarize available information on contemporary approaches and strategies in the discovery of novel therapeutic agents, especially from the complementary and alternative medicines, including natural products and traditional remedies such as Chinese herbal medicine.
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Yuan, Ying Hui, Bei Wei Hou, Hui Jun Xu, Jing Luo, and Xiao Yu Ding. "Identification of the Geographic Origin of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum on Chinese Herbal Medicine Market Using Trinucleotide Microsatellite Markers." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34, no. 12 (2011): 1794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.34.1794.
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Lee, Samiuela, Cheang S. Khoo, Jarryd L. Pearson, Suzannah J. Bourchier, and Alan Bensoussan. "Analytical Method Validation and Quality Control of a Seven-Herb Chinese Medicine Formulation Used for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 99, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-0158.
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Abstract There is a need for increased QC of complex herbal medicine formulations to ensure product consistency, efficacy, and safety. This study reports an HPLC with photodiode array and electrospray ionization–tandem MS method for quantifying selected analytes in a seven-herb formulation. Fourteen analytes were selected for quantification based on the criteria available from the Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System, which takes into account the bioavailability, reported bioactivity, and physiological action related to its intended use, as well as commercial availability of the standard. After optimizing the columns and chromatographic conditions, 13 of the 14 analytes were able to be determined in one run, with the remaining analyte analyzed on its own. The method was successfully applied to two different extracts of the formulation, demonstrating an application for the QC of a complex herbal mixture with respect to their chemical characteristics.
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Xu, Juncai, Min Liu, and Zhijie Xia. "Will the Europe Union's Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (Directive 2004/24/EC) be against traditional Chinese medicine in EU market?" Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 6, no. 2 (May 2013): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12036.
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Tai, Susan. "Sau San Tong: A Paragon of the Slimming and Beauty Business." Asian Case Research Journal 10, no. 01 (June 2006): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927506000752.
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Sau San Tong Holdings was established in July 2000 and initially sold Chinese herbal slimming medicines. In 2001, it moved into the full-body slimming business. Within three years, the company had transformed itself into a Growth Enterprise Market listed company, operating four slimming centres in Hong Kong and two in Shanghai. The major shareholder, Shirley Cheung Yuk Shan (the former TV artist) controlled over 50% of the company. Shirley Cheung, who had strong marketing skills and a special talent in selecting celebrities as successful and persuasive spokespersons, had developed Sau San Tong into a paragon of the slimming and beauty business. This case explores marketing strategy and communications for a service.
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Kang, Tingguo, Deqiang Dou, and Liang Xu. "Establishment of a quality marker (Q-marker) system for Chinese herbal medicines using burdock as an example." Phytomedicine 54 (February 2019): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.005.
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Tanaka, Ken, Feng Li, Yasuhiro Tezuka, Shiro Watanabe, Nobuo Kawahara, and Hiroaki Kida. "Evaluation of the Quality of Chinese and Vietnamese Cassia Using LC-MS and Multivariate Analysis." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800118.
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In the present study, the chemical composition of water extracts of Chinese and Vietnamese cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) were compared using multivariate analysis of LC-MS data. By principal component analysis of the LC-MS data, 6 compounds, cinnzeylanine (1), cinnzeylanol (2), anhydrocinnzeylanol (3), cinncasinol A (4), epicatechin (5) and procyanidin B2 (6), were identified as the marker compounds to characterize Chinese and Vietnamese cassia. It was clarified that Chinese cassia contains relatively larger amounts of epicatechin and procyanidin B2. On the other hand, Vietnamese cassia is characterized by a relatively larger amount of diterpenes. As catechin derivatives and diterpenes have different types of activity, it is important to choose the cassia that best suits the product for which it is to be used, whether in food or in herbal medicine.
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Chang, Yung-Ming, Wu-Hsien Kuo, Tung-Yuan Lai, Ying-Ting Shih, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Chang-Hai Tsai, Wen-Tong Shu, et al. "RSC96 Schwann Cell Proliferation and Survival Induced by Dilong through PI3K/Akt Signaling Mediated by IGF-I." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep216.
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Schwann cell proliferation is critical for the regeneration of injured nerves. Dilongs are widely used in Chinese herbal medicine to remove stasis and stimulate wound-healing functions. Exactly how this Chinese herbal medicine promotes tissue survival remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Dilong promote neuron regeneration. Our results show that treatment with extract of Dilong induces the phosphorylation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway, and activates protein expression of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in a time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis showed that G1transits into the S phase in 12–16 h, and S transits into the G2phase 20 h after exposure to earthworm extract. Strong expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and cyclin A occurs in a time-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of PI3K significantly reduced PI3K protein expression levels, resulting in Bcl2survival factor reduction and a marked blockage of G1to S transition in proliferating cells. These results demonstrate that Dilong promotes the proliferation and survival of RSC96 cells via IGF-I signaling. The mechanism is mainly dependent on the PI3K protein.
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Li, Jin, Yang Bai, Peng Zhang, Jun He, Jun Cao, Mingrui An, Li-min Hu, Xiu-mei Gao, and Yan-xu Chang. "Simultaneous Determination of 5 Flavonoids and 7 Saponins for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Xinnaoshutong Capsule Using HPLC-VWD-ELSD." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3190185.
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Xinnaoshutong capsule (XC) is a traditional Chinese prescription derived from the ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT). Although XC has long been considered as an important herbal medicine, no analytical method of marker compounds for quality assessment is registered in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A simple analytical method of twelve marker components was developed and validated by HPLC-VWD-ELSD method. Chromatographic separation by HPLC was carried out on a Hedera ODS 2 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution with acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Various extraction conditions were optimized to achieve twelve marker compounds with faster extraction and higher recovery. The analytical condition was then validated in terms of the linearity, accuracy and precision, repeatability, and stability. The twelve markers were successfully quantified in 30 batches of commercial samples. The developed HPLC-VWD-ELSD could be used as a rapid and reliable way in the assessment and quality control of XC and TT.
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Noh, Pureum, Wook Kim, Sungyu Yang, Inkyu Park, and Byeong Moon. "Authentication of the Herbal Medicine Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Using an ITS Sequence-Based Multiplex SCAR Assay." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092134.
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The accurate identification of plant species is of great concern for the quality control of herbal medicines. The Korean Pharmacopoeia and the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China define Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baek-Ji in Korean and Bai-zhi in Chinese) as the dried roots of Angelica dahurica or A. dahurica var. formosana belonging to the family Apiaceae. Discrimination among Angelica species on the basis of morphological characteristics is difficult due to their extremely polymorphic traits and controversial taxonomic history. Furthermore, dried roots processed for medicinal applications are indistinguishable using conventional methods. DNA barcoding is a useful and reliable method for the identification of species. In this study, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes in A. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana, and the related species A. anomala and A. japonica. Using these sequences, we designed species-specific primers, and developed and optimized a multiplex sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) assay that can simply and rapidly identify respective species, and verify the contamination of adulterant depending on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification without sequencing analysis in a single PCR reaction. This assay successfully identified commercial samples of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix collected from Korean and Chinese herbal markets, and distinguished them from adulterants. This multiplex SCAR assay shows a great potential in reducing the time and cost involved in the identification of genuine Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and adulterant contamination.
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Gendrisch, Fabian, Birgit Haarhaus, Nina Krieger, Karl-Werner Quirin, Christoph M. Schempp, and Ute Wölfle. "The Effect of Herbal Medicinal Products on Psoriasis-Like Keratinocytes." Biomolecules 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11030371.
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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the epidermis. New biological drugs were developed for the systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. However, products for the topical treatment of mild psoriasis are still required. Here, we examined the effect of natural compounds on psoriasis-like keratinocytes in vitro and ex vivo. Psoriasis-like keratinocytes were generated by treating human primary keratinocytes with the psoriasis-associated cytokines IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-22. Initially, 10 botanical extracts from Ayurvedic Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Northern American traditional medicine and Occidental Monastic Medicine were investigated using BrdU assays and IL-6 and IL-8 ELISAs. Curcuma amada, Humulus lupulus and Hypericum perforatum turned out to be the most effective plant extracts. In vitro, the plant extracts inhibited the expression of anti-microbial peptides (β-defensin 2), the hyperproliferation marker keratin 17, the glucose transporter 1 and downregulated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and pSTAT3. In an ex vivo psoriasis model, Humulus lupulus displayed the most prominent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, among the plant extracts investigated, Humulus lupulus showed the most promising anti-psoriatic effect. It is an interesting candidate for topical psoriasis treatment that should be further studied in clinical trials.
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Yang, Liu, Zhijun Su, Xing Zeng, Xiong Li, Zhifeng Wu, Shunjun Xu, and Yuzhen Yan. "Quality Assessment of Fructus xanthii Based on Fingerprinting Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-032.
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Abstract Because almost every traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a multicomponent system, QC of TCMs always involves various difficulties. As a current popular quality assessment approach, focusing on qualitative and quantitative analysis of certain compounds contained in herbal medicine has been widely used for the sake of expediency rather than being a practical and realistic way. However, this method does not take the existence of other constituents into account. Comparatively, the chromatographic fingerprint of the components is a more suitable approach to holistically assess the quality of herbal drugs. Fructus xanthii is a well-known herbal drug listed in all editions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, there is no quality evaluation method given in its monograph, even for the above-mentioned expediency. This paper reports an HPLC fingerprinting method for quality evaluation of F. xanthii. The HPLC profiles of 27 batches of commercial samples were further analyzed using chemometric methods, including similarity evaluation and principal component analysis. As a result, the established HPLC fingerprint contained 23 characteristic peaks; therein, 13 peaks were unambiguously assigned by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with those of reference compounds, and five peaks were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS/MS fragmentation patterns and UV spectra. Moreover, it could be clearly observed that caffeoylquinic acid and its analogs predominate in F. xanthii. Except for three samples identified as outliers, 24 other commercial samples displayed similar HPLC profiles, indicating that the quality of the herbs from different markets is stable and consistent.
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Chen, Bi-Wen, Wen-Xing Li, Guang-Hui Wang, Gong-Hua Li, Jia-Qian Liu, Jun-Juan Zheng, Qian Wang, Hui-Juan Li, Shao-Xing Dai, and Jing-Fei Huang. "A strategy to find novel candidate anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs by constructing interaction networks between drug targets and natural compounds in medical plants." PeerJ 6 (May 11, 2018): e4756. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4756.
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Background Alzheimer’ disease (AD) is an ultimately fatal degenerative brain disorder that has an increasingly large burden on health and social care systems. There are only five drugs for AD on the market, and no new effective medicines have been discovered for many years. Chinese medicinal plants have been used to treat diseases for thousands of years, and screening herbal remedies is a way to develop new drugs. Methods We used molecular docking to screen 30,438 compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) against a comprehensive list of AD target proteins. TCM compounds in the top 0.5% of binding affinity scores for each target protein were selected as our research objects. Structural similarities between existing drugs from DrugBank database and selected TCM compounds as well as the druggability of our candidate compounds were studied. Finally, we searched the CNKI database to obtain studies on anti-AD Chinese plants from 2007 to 2017, and only clinical studies were included. Results A total of 1,476 compounds (top 0.5%) were selected as drug candidates. Most of these compounds are abundantly found in plants used for treating AD in China, especially the plants from two genera Panax and Morus. We classified the compounds by single target and multiple targets and analyzed the interactions between target proteins and compounds. Analysis of structural similarity revealed that 17 candidate anti-AD compounds were structurally identical to 14 existing approved drugs. Most of them have been reported to have a positive effect in AD. After filtering for compound druggability, we identified 11 anti-AD compounds with favorable properties, seven of which are found in anti-AD Chinese plants. Of 11 anti-AD compounds, four compounds 5,862, 5,863, 5,868, 5,869 have anti-inflammatory activity. The compound 28,814 mainly has immunoregulatory activity. The other six compounds have not yet been reported for any biology activity at present. Discussion Natural compounds from TCM provide a broad prospect for the screening of anti-AD drugs. In this work, we established networks to systematically study the connections among natural compounds, approved drugs, TCM plants and AD target proteins with the goal of identifying promising drug candidates. We hope that our study will facilitate in-depth research for the treatment of AD in Chinese medicine.
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Huang, Kai-Peng, Zhi-Hao Zhang, Rui-Ming Li, and Xiao Chen. "The Therapeutic Effects of the Chinese Herbal Medicine, Lang Chuang Fang Granule, on Lupus-Prone MRL/lprMice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562528.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to severe multiorgan damage. Lang Chuang Fang (LCF) is a Chinese herbal medicine that is clinically prescribed for treating SLE. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of LCF granule on lupus-prone MRL/lprmice. Female mice were randomly separated into six groups, and LCF treatment groups received LCF granule at the dosage of 0.97 g/kg/d, 1.95 g/kg/d, and 3.90 g/kg/d, respectively. Here, we found that, compared to the MRL/lprmice, both the spleen coefficient and thymus coefficient were reduced in the LCF granule-treated mice. There was a marked downregulation in CRP and anti-dsDNA autoantibody and an evident upregulation of CH50 in LCF granule-treated mice. LCF granule treatment also obviously reduced the proteinuria, BUN, and SCr levels in MRL/lprmice at the dosage of 0.97 g/kg/d, 1.95 g/kg/d, and 3.90 g/kg/d, indicating that LCF granule alleviated the renal injury of MRL/lprmice. Furthermore, LCF granule decreased p65 NF-κB levels and increased Sirt1 and Nrf2 levels in the kidney tissues of MRL/lprmice, which might elucidate the beneficial effects of LCF on lupus nephritis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that LCF granule has therapeutic effects on lupus-prone MRL/lprmice.
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Zhu, Chunsheng, Xiaoping Li, Bing Zhang, and Zhijian Lin. "Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker—a rational method for the internal quality of Chinese herbal medicine." Integrative Medicine Research 6, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2017.01.008.
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Bao, Ya-Ru, Wen-Yi Jiang, Jia-Yu Yu, Jing-Wei Chen, and Guo-Xing Zhang. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation Huangqi Jianzhong Tang Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3106076.
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Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZT) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula consisting of seven different herbs: Radix Astragali, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Fructus Jujubae, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, and Saccharum Granorum. The present study aims to evaluate the possible effects of HQJZT on cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related mechanism. AMI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by one-week HQJZT treatment. Survival rate was calculated. Rat heart function was assessed by heart performance analysis system. 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to observe myocardial infarct size. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and western blot were applied to evaluate tissue apoptotic level. Treatment with high dose of HQJZT improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size, number of apoptotic cells and expression of apoptotic proteins, Bax (a proapoptotic protein), and increased expression of antiapoptotic protein, Bcl2. However, enalapril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) treatment did not show marked improvement of these parameters. Our present data suggest that HQJZT has potential therapeutic effects to improve cardiac function by regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Patel, Kanika, and Dinesh Kumar Patel. "Health Benefits of Quassin from Quassia amara: A Comprehensive Review of their Ethnopharmacological Importance, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Analytical Aspects." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666181023094645.
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: Medicinal plants have been indispensable to human life as they are used in food, cosmetics, medicines, nutraceuticals, perfumery, beverages and many more sectors. The medicinal plant contains various important classes of phytochemicals and broadly they are categorized into either primary or secondary metabolite. A large number of modern medicines are mainly derived from plant and other natural sources. Medicinal properties of plants are mainly due to the presence of their secondary metabolite and good examples are salicylic acid, morphine, quinine, vincristin and vinblastine. In spite of the great discovery of allopathic medicine, plant pure phytoconstituents play an important role in the modern medicine. Various plant based medicine are available in the market and people are using it on the basis of the belief that it is safer compared to the allopathic medicine. Furthermore, based on these believes, people use most of the traditional medicines in their routine life for the treatment of numerous disorders and this is called self-medication. Quassia amara plant belongs to Simaroubaceae family which is one of the best examples of the self-medicated plant. Traditionally Quassia amara has antimalarial, stomachic, antianaemic, antibiotics, cytotoxic and antiamoebic activity. Its reproductive, insecticidal, larvicidal and vermifuge properties have been also reported in the literature. Quassinoids are the important phytoconstituents of this plant and are the main bitter principles of Quassia amara too. Quassin is a white crystalline substance and is widely used in Chinese herbal medicine for their bitter taste. The purpose of this review is to gain an understanding of the Quassin and Quassia amara and to present information and knowledge regarding this phytoconstituent. Medicinal uses, pharmacological importance and various bioanalytical methods of Quassin and Quassia amara have been presented in this review. The benefit of this review is to get better understanding and ideas of Quassin and Quassia amara research findings in various disciplines. Furthermore, there is a need to perform more scientific investigation to explore the other beneficial properties of Quassia amara and Quassin.
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Xu, Yangyang, Hao Cai, Gang Cao, Yu Duan, Ke Pei, Jia Zhou, Li Xie, et al. "Discrimination of volatiles in herbal formula Baizhu Shaoyao San before and after processing using needle trap device with multivariate data analysis." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 171987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171987.
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To characterize the chemical differences of volatile components between crude and processed Baizhu Shaoyao San (BSS), a classical Chinese herbal formula that is widely applied in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, we developed a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based needle trap device combined with multivariate data analysis to globally profile volatile components and rapidly identify differentiating chemical markers. Using a triple-bed needle packed with Carbopack X, DVB and Carboxen 1000 sorbents, we identified 121 and 123 compounds, respectively, in crude and processed BSS. According to the results of principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, crude and processed BSS were successfully distinguished into two groups with good fitting and predicting parameters. Furthermore, 21 compounds were identified and adopted as potential markers that could be employed to quickly differentiate these two types of samples using S-PLOT and variable importance in projection analyses. The established method can be applied to explain the chemical transformation of Chinese medicine processing in BSS and further control the quality and understand the processing mechanism of Chinese herbal formulae. Besides, the triple-bed needle selected and optimized in this study can provide a valuable reference for other plant researches with similar components. Furthermore, the systematic research on compound identification and marker discrimination of the complex components in crude and processed BSS could work as an example for other similar studies, such as composition changes in one plant during different growth periods, botanical characters of different medicinal parts in same kind of medicinal herbs and quality identification of one species of medicinal herb from different regions.
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Xiong, Yin, Yupiao Hu, Fan Li, Lijuan Chen, Qin Dong, Jiabo Wang, Elizabeth A. Gullen, Yung-Chi Cheng, and Xiaohe Xiao. "Promotion of quality standard of Chinese herbal medicine by the integrated and efficacy-oriented quality marker of Effect-constituent Index." Phytomedicine 45 (June 2018): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.013.
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Hou, Jinjun, Ruihong Feng, Yibei Zhang, Huiqin Pan, Shuai Yao, Sumei Han, Zijin Feng, Luying Cai, Wanying Wu, and De-an Guo. "Characteristic Chromatogram: A Method of Discriminate and Quantitative Analysis for Quality Evaluation of Uncaria Stem with Hooks." Planta Medica 84, no. 06/07 (December 7, 2017): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-123827.
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AbstractIt remains a challenge to establish new monographs for herbal drugs derived from multiple botanical sources. Specifically, the difficulty involves discriminating and quantifying these herbs with components whose levels vary markedly among different samples. Using Uncaria stem with hooks as an example, a characteristic chromatogram was proposed to discriminate its five botanical origins and to quantify its characteristic components in the chromatogram. The characteristic chromatogram with respect to the components of Uncaria stem with hooks with the five botanical origins was established using 0.02% diethylamine and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The total analysis time was 50 min and the detection wavelength was 245 nm. Using the same chromatogram parameters, the single standard to determine multicomponents method was validated to simultaneously quantify nine indole alkaloids, including vincosamide, 3α-dihydrocadambine, isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, hirsuteine, hirsutine, and geissoschizine methyl ether. The results showed that only the Uncaria stem with hooks from Uncaria rhynchophylla, the most widely used in the herbal market, showed the presence of these nine alkaloids. The conversion factors were 1.27, 2.32, 0.98, 1.04, 1.00, 1.02, 1.26, 1.33, and 1.25, respectively. The limits of quantitation were lower than 700 ng/mL. The total contents of 31 batches of Uncaria stem with hooks were in the range of 0.1 – 0.6%, except for Uncaria hirsuta Havil and Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil. The results also showed that the total content of indole alkaloids tended to decrease with an increase in the hook diameter. This showed that the characteristic chromatogram is practical for controlling the quality of traditional Chinese medicines with multiple botanical origins.
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Lu, Jun, Xiaoli Zhang, Tingting Shen, Chao Ma, Jun Wu, Hualei Kong, Jing Tian, Zhifeng Shao, Xiaodong Zhao, and Ling Xu. "Epigenetic Profiling of H3K4Me3 Reveals Herbal Medicine Jinfukang-Induced Epigenetic Alteration Is Involved in Anti-Lung Cancer Activity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7276161.
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Traditional Chinese medicine Jinfukang (JFK) has been clinically used for treating lung cancer. To examine whether epigenetic modifications are involved in its anticancer activity, we performed a global profiling analysis of H3K4Me3, an epigenomic marker associated with active gene expression, in JFK-treated lung cancer cells. We identified 11,670 genes with significantly altered status of H3K4Me3 modification following JFK treatment (P<0.05). Gene Ontology analysis indicates that these genes are involved in tumor-related pathways, including pathway in cancer, basal cell carcinoma, apoptosis, induction of programmed cell death, regulation of transcription (DNA-templated), intracellular signal transduction, and regulation of peptidase activity. In particular, we found that the levels of H3K4Me3 at the promoters ofSUSD2, CCND2, BCL2A1,andTMEM158are significantly altered in A549, NCI-H1975, NCI-H1650, and NCI-H2228 cells, when treated with JFK. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that the anticancer activity of JFK involves modulation of histone modification at many cancer-related gene loci.
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Vijayanand, P., V. Jyothi, N. Aditya, and A. Mounika. "Development and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Herbal Extract: In Vivo Antidepressant Activity." Journal of Drug Delivery 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2908626.
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In alternate systems of medicine like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and its extracts have been traditionally prescribed for their antidepressant activity. Crude extracts and rudimentary formulations approaches are good for proof-of-concept studies; however, these formulations are fraught with problems like poor oral bioavailability and high variability between subjects. Systematic drug delivery approaches could prove effective in addressing some of these problems. In this study, we report the development of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (HSLNs) using glycerol monostearate or beeswax as lipids. The HSLNs were evaluated for their size, surface charge, and morphology. The optimized HSLNs were tested for antidepressant activity in male Swiss albino mice. It was found that, with the optimized procedure, HSLNs of ~175 nm, carrying negative charge and nearly spherical shape, could be obtained. The in vivo test results suggested that there were marked differences in the immobility times of the test animals. Moreover, with HSLNs, it was found that at doses several times lower than the native crude extract dose, similar pharmacological effect could be obtained. These initial findings suggest that encapsulating phytopharmaceuticals into advanced delivery systems like solid lipid nanoparticles can be an effective strategy in improving their in vivo performance.
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Chiang, Chu-Hui, Tsong-Ann Yu, Shu-Fang Lo, Chao-Lin Kuo, Wen-Huang Peng, and Hsin-Sheng Tsay. "Molecular Authentication of Dendrobium Species by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Amplification Refractory Mutation System Analysis." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 6 (November 2012): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.6.438.
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The genus Dendrobium is important in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and the precise identification of Dendrobium species is critical for the treatment and for pharmacological research. In the present study, a ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-based analysis was used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship among 20 Dendrobium species. The lengths of the ITS regions among the 20 species ranged from 636 to 653 bp, and the identities of the rDNA regions among the different species ranged from 75.7% to 99.1%. The results also showed that the ITS1 and ITS2 regions exhibit more variation than the 5.8S rDNA. A phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS sequence indicated that six medicinal Dendrobium species, of which five are common medicinal plants in the Taiwan market, were closely related and shared a common clade. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was successfully performed to identify the six medicinal Dendrobium species, and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR was used to distinguish D. tosaense specifically from the 19 other Dendrobium species. The established PCR-based (multiplex and ARMS) analyses can be used for the authentication of the raw materials of medicinal Dendrobium from other species.
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Liu, Pengsong, Yuanyuan Bian, Hong Zhang, and Aiming Jia. "Preventive Effects of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Prescription Tangkuei Decoction for Frigid Extremities on Sciatic Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9138328.
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Ischemia and hypoxia are important physiological changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Chinese herbal medicine prescription Tangkuei Decoction for Frigid Extremities (TDFE) is useful for increasing blood flow. To help determine whether TDFE could protect the peripheral nerves of diabetic patients from the degeneration caused by high blood glucose, TDFE was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 6 or 12 weeks. Plantar thermal stimulation reaction time thresholds, sciatic nerve conduction velocities, and the levels of HIF-1αmRNA, HIF-1αprotein, VEGF protein, and the endothelial marker vWF in sciatic nerves were measured at the end of the sixth and twelfth weeks. The thermal thresholds and sciatic nerve conduction velocities of the rats differed after 12 weeks, and the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats that were given TDFE displayed higher levels of HIF-1αprotein, VEGF protein, and HIF-1αmRNA than those of the diabetic model rats. The results at 6 weeks differed from those at 12 weeks. These results suggest that the early preventive application of TDFE effectively delayed the development of DPN and that TDFE increased HIF-1αmRNA levels in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats through 12 weeks of treatment.
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Zhong, Qing, Joseph C. K. Leung, Loretta Y. Y. Chan, Anita W. L. Tsang, Xian Chen, and Kar Neng Lai. "The Study of Chinese Medicinal Herbal Formula Shen San Fang in the Treatment of Experimental IgA Nephropathy." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 04 (January 2005): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05003211.
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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, yet there is no effective or specific therapy. Shen San Fang (S3F) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicinal formula that has been used in China for many years to treat patients with hematuria. The aim of this study is to test the therapeutic value of S3F in an experimental model of IgAN. IgAN was induced in Lewis rats by continuous oral immunization with bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) in the drinking water for 8 weeks, followed by intravenous injection of 1 mg BGG daily for 3 successive days. The rats were randomly divided into four groups (five rats/group): control, control receiving S3F, induction of IgAN, and IgAN receiving S3F. S3F decoction was fed to rats beginning week 4 from the first day of oral sensitization with BGG. The S3F treatment was continued until the rats were sacrificed or for a 4-week period. Hematuria, renal immunohistochemistry for IgA and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), renal histopathology, and renal content of TGF-β1 were measured. Rats developing IgAN had marked hematuria, profound mesangial proliferation and mesangial expansion, intense and diffuse glomerular IgA deposition, increased glomerular TGF-β1 expression, and raised renal TGF-β1 levels. S3F treatment resulted in a significant reduction of hematuria, decreased mesangial IgA deposition, weaker immunostaining of TGF-β1 in glomerulus, and a lower renal TGF-β1 concentration. Our animal data suggests a therapeutic value for the Chinese medicinal formula S3F in experimental IgAN. This beneficial effect was due to reduced glomerular IgA deposition and TGF-β1 expression. Our preliminary findings hold promise for future human therapy.
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Li, Yun-xia, Xiao-hong Gong, Mei-chen Liu, Cheng Peng, Peng Li, and Yi-tao Wang. "A New Strategy for Quality Evaluation and Identification of Representative Chemical Components in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6238464.
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Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (HSW) is widely used as herb medicine and health food additive. Recently, a series of HSW-induced hepatotoxicities have been reported and many studies have been carried out to investigate it. But contradictory conclusions were drawn that might be caused by the inconsistent quality of market decoction pieces. Therefore, the HSW decoction pieces quality was evaluated with a developed novel method in the paper. 25 batches of raw HSW (RHSW) and 21 batches of processed HSW (PHSW) samples were purchased from different provinces of China. HPLC determination was performed to identify and detect the contents of 16 chemical compounds in herbal material. Fingerprint similarity was analyzed using chromatography information and the results showed that most herbs were in good similarity. Then, a comprehensive evaluation strategy based on principal component analysis with representative quality control indicators was developed to evaluate the quality of HSW samples. And the rationality of the developed method was verified by HCA analysis. The results showed that the herb from Dabashan, Sichuan Province, no matter RHSW or PHSW had the best quality. Different representative components were selected for RHSW or PHSW decoction pieces which might be caused by the chemical reaction during processing. And most PHSW were unqualified according to the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopeia which might take the responsibility for the toxicity of HSW.
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Li, Tingting, Hao Zhou, Jiahua Ma, Lin Dong, Fang Xu, and Xueyan Fu. "Quality Assessment of Licorice Based on Quantitative Analysis of Multicomponents by Single Marker Combined with HPLC Fingerprint." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (January 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834826.
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Licorice is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and natural sweetening agent, rich in numerous bioactive compounds. Moreover, it is one of the oldest and most frequently employed folk medicines in both eastern and western countries. It is prescribed for the treatment of asthma, fever, and cough. However, with the increasing demand of licorice, its quality and safety become the important issue. The content in licorice varies significantly in materials from different geographical origins. In this study, a reasonable and feasible evaluation method for the quality assessment of licorice was developed based on the analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint, combined with the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker (QAMS) method. Glycyrrhizic acid was selected as the internal reference substance, and ten components were simultaneously determined based on relative correction factors. The contents of eleven components in 21 batches of licorice were determined by the QAMS and the ESM (external standard method); there was no significant difference by comparison of the quantitative results between the QAMS and the ESM method; the cosine value (Cir > 0.9999) confirmed the consistency of the two methods. According to the outcomes of 21 batches of licorice samples, the contents of the eleven components were used for further chemometric analysis. All of the samples of licorice from various geographical origins were divided into five categories based on hierarchical cluster analysis, which indicated the crucial influence of geographical origins on licorice. This study showed that QAMS combined with HPLC fingerprint and chemometrics methods could effectively control the quality of licorice. Hence, QAMS is a feasible and promising method for promoting the quality control standardization process of herbal medicines.
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Liu, Jingting, Mei Jiang, Haimei Chen, Yu Liu, Chang Liu, and Wuwei Wu. "Comparative genome analysis revealed gene inversions, boundary expansions and contractions, and gene loss in the Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq. chloroplast genome." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0247736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247736.
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Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq., commonly known as Baibu, is one of the most popular herbal medicines in Asia. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Baibu has multiple authentic sources and there are many similar herbs sold as Baibu in herbal medicine markets. The existence of counterfeits of Baibu brings challenges to its identification. To assist in its accurate identification, we sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast genome of S. sessilifolia using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome was found to be 154,037 bp in length, possessing a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: 27,090 bp) separated by a large single copy (LSC: 81,949 bp) and a small single copy (SSC: 17,908 bp). A total of 112 unique genes were identified, including 80 protein-coding, 28 transfer RNA and four ribosomal RNA genes. In addition, 45 tandem, 27 forward, 23 palindromic and 104 simple sequence repeats were detected in the genome by repeated analysis. Compared with its counterfeits (Asparagus officinalis and Carludovica palmata) we found that IR expansion and SSC contraction events of S. sessilifolia resulted in two copies of the rpl22 gene in the IR regions and a partial duplication of the ndhF gene in the SSC region. An approximately 3-kb-long inversion was also identified in the LSC region, leading to the petA and cemA genes being presented in the complementary strand of the chloroplast DNA molecule. Comparative analysis revealed some highly variable regions, including trnF-GAA_ndhJ, atpB_rbcL, rps15_ycf1, trnG-UCC_trnR-UCU, ndhF_rpl32, accD_psaI, rps2_rpoC2, trnS-GCU_trnG-UCC, trnT-UGU_trnL-UAA and rps16_trnQ-UUG. Finally, gene loss events were investigated in the context of phylogenetic relationships. In summary, the complete plastome of S. sessilifolia will provide valuable information for the distinction between Baibu and its counterfeits and assist in elucidating the evolution of S. sessilifolia.
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Kim, Jung-Hoon, Hyeun-Kyoo Shin, and Chang-Seob Seo. "Simultaneous Determination of 13 Chemical Marker Compounds in Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, a Herbal Formula, with Validated Analytical Methods." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900120.
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This study was designed for simultaneous determination of 13 chemical marker compounds, namely, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, apigetrin, rosmarinic acid, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicin, apigenin, glycyrrhizin, nobiletin, and 6-gingerol in Gwakhyangjeonggi-san (GJS: Huoxiang-zhengqi-san in Chinese). A quantitative analytical method was developed based on HPLC-PDA with validation in terms of precision, accuracy, and repeatability, and successfully employed for quality evaluation of GJS samples with the help of chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The correlation coefficient for the linear regression was > 0.9994. The intra-day and inter-day precision was < 3.0% of the relative standard deviation (RSD) value, and the recovery was in the range 92.5–107.0%, with RSD values < 4.0%, and the repeatability was < 3.0% of RSD. Variations in the quantity were observed in GJS products from different origins, which were classified by PCA and HCA. The quantitative and chemometric analyses indicate the necessity for consistency in GJS production for the purpose of quality control.
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Ye, Zi, Jia-Rong Dai, Cheng-Gang Zhang, Ye Lu, Lei-Lei Wu, Amy G. W. Gong, Hong Xu, Karl W. K. Tsim, and Zheng-Tao Wang. "Chemical Differentiation of Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium devonianum by Using HPLC Fingerprints, HPLC-ESI-MS, and HPTLC Analyses." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8647212.
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The stems of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis) have a high medicinal value as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Because of the limited supply, D. officinale is a high priced TCM, and therefore adulterants are commonly found in the herbal market. The dried stems of a closely related Dendrobium species, Dendrobium devonianum Paxt., are commonly used as the substitute; however, there is no effective method to distinguish the two Dendrobium species. Here, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was successfully developed and applied to differentiate D. officinale and D. devonianum by comparing the chromatograms according to the characteristic peaks. A HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was further applied for structural elucidation of 15 flavonoids, 5 phenolic acids, and 1 lignan in D. officinale. Among these flavonoids, 4 flavonoid C-glycosides were firstly reported in D. officinale, and violanthin and isoviolanthin were identified to be specific for D. officinale compared with D. devonianum. Then, two representative components were used as chemical markers. A rapid and reliable high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was applied in distinguishing D. officinale from D. devonianum. The results of this work have demonstrated that these developed analytical methods can be used to discriminate D. officinale and D. devonianum effectively and conveniently.
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Yang, Peidan, and Jun He. "Chinese Herbal Medicines and Conventional Chronic Heart Failure Treatment for the Management of Chronic Heart Failure Complicated with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (April 22, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8627928.
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Background. Combination therapy with Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and conventional medical treatment (CMT) was proposed as a therapeutic strategy for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients complicated with depression. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess effects of this combination therapy on CHF complicated with depression. Methods. RCTs comparing the combination of CHMs and CMT to CMT were retrieved in seven electrical databases till March 30, 2019. The effective rate of cardiac function and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were marked as the primary outcomes. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were marked as the secondary outcomes. The methodological quality of eligible RCTs used the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. Stata 13.0 and Review Manager 5.3 were preferred for synthesizing the results if the results were appropriate. Results. Thirteen RCTs enrolling 1022 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the retrieved RCTs were evaluated to be of low methodological quality. The pooled results of the meta-analysis showed that CHMs plus CMT group created better outcomes compared to CMT alone therapy, as evidenced by the fact that the overall effects of combination therapy strategy were significantly greater than the control group in increasing effective rate of cardiac function (risk ratio (RR) = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.42), in improving depressive symptoms (HAMD) (standard mean difference (SMD) = −1.31; 95% CI: −1.68 to −0.95) and quality of life (MLHFQ) (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −8.42; 95% CI: −10.08 to −6.76), in increasing LVEF scores (WMD = 5.33; 95% CI: 4.30 to 6.35). Conclusion. The combination of CHMs and CMT increased the effective rate of cardiac function and LVEF scores and reduced HAMD and MLHFQ scale scores, which was a potential therapeutic strategy that improved the management of CHF patients complicated with depression. Future trials were needed to verify the above results since abnormal heterogeneity and poor quality of literature have existed in the included studies.
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Lin, Chaozhan, Fangle Liu, Runjing Zhang, Meiting Liu, Chenchen Zhu, Jing Zhao, and Shaoping Li. "High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Fingerprints of Triterpenoids for Distinguishing Between Isodon lophanthoides and Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0305.
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Abstract Background: The aerial parts of Isodon lophanthoides (Buch. Ham. ex D. Don) Hara (IL) has been officially recorded as Isodonis lophanthoidis herba by many provincial quality control standards for Chinese herbal medicines in China. Recently, it has been found that one of its varieties, I. lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) Hara (ILVG) was pretended to be I. lophanthoidis herba in herbal material markets or cultivated bases. Because of the similarity on appearance, these two close-related species were difficult to be identified by morphological characters, especially when they are dried and sliced. Objective: To establish a rapid and specific method for identification of the two herbal medicines. Method: In this paper, a fingerprint of triterpenoids by HPTLC coupled with a digital profiling was established to identify IL and distinguish it from its substitute, ILVG. The specific HPTLC fingerprints constructed by determining twelve batches of IL samples and thirteen batches of ILVG samples, intuitionally reflected the difference between the two species on HPTLC image and the peak-peak rations of chemical distribution. Results: Authentication results of nine batches of commercial samples by the above established HPTLC fingerprints exhibited coincident conclusion with that by morphological means. Conclusions: The HPTLC fingerprint is proven to be simple, repeatable, specific, and suitable for rapid identification of I. lophanthoidis herba. Highlights: An efficient method for identification and distinguishing Isodon lophanthoides from its substitute, I. lophanthoides var. gerardianus, was established. HPTLC fingerprints of ursane-type triterpenoides were constructed and validated by determining IL and ILVG samples.
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Chen, I.-Cheng, Kuo-Hsuan Chang, Yi-Jing Chen, Yi-Chun Chen, Guey-Jen Lee-Chen, and Chiung-Mei Chen. "Pueraria lobata and Daidzein Reduce Cytotoxicity by Enhancing Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Function in SCA3-iPSC-Derived Neurons." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (October 7, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8130481.
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the ATXN3/MJD1 gene. The expanded CAG repeats encode a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract at the C-terminus of the ATXN3 protein. ATXN3 containing expanded polyQ forms aggregates, leading to subsequent cellular dysfunctions including an impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). To investigate the pathogenesis of SCA3 and develop potential therapeutic strategies, we established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from SCA3 patients (SCA3-iPSC). Neurons derived from SCA3-iPSCs formed aggregates that are positive to the polyQ marker 1C2. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, on SCA3-iPSC-derived neurons downregulated proteasome activity, increased production of radical oxygen species (ROS), and upregulated the cleaved caspase 3 level and caspase 3 activity. This increased susceptibility to the proteasome inhibitor can be rescued by a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) extract NH037 (from Pueraria lobata) and its constituent daidzein via upregulating proteasome activity and reducing protein ubiquitination, oxidative stress, cleaved caspase 3 level, and caspase 3 activity. Our results successfully recapitulate the key phenotypes of the neurons derived from SCA3 patients, as well as indicate the potential of NH037 and daidzein in the treatment for SCA3 patients.