Academic literature on the topic 'Chinese historical romance novel'

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (RTK) is a classical Chinese historical novel by Luo Guanzhong. This paper establishes a research framework of analyzing the novel by utilizing coword and cluster analysis technology. At the beginning, we segment the full text of the novel, extracting the names of historical figures in the RTK novel. Based on the coword analysis, a social network of historical figures is constructed. We calculate several network features and enforce the cluster analysis. In addition, a modified clustering method using edge betweenness is proposed to improve the effect of clustering. Finally, both quantified and visualized results are displayed to confirm our approach.

As a basic task of natural language processing, named entity recognition has been applied in the field of Chinese literature. A method can be realized the ancient weapons named entity recognition and association analysis in Chinese historical novels,so this paper puts forward the recognition model and use knowledge mapping analysis. Taking ancient weapons in Romance of The Three Kingdoms as a characteristic entity example constructed a corpus,the BERT-BiGRU-CRF model is built to solve the named entity recognition of ancient weapons based on digital humanities.And the knowledge map is used to analyse the relationship of entities.[Result]The training effect of the combined model BERT-BiGRU-CRF is obviously better than the other four models, and finally the harmonic average F1-score of the ancient weapons’ entities is improved to 88.44%.This method can solve the difficulty of recognizing the ancient weapons of Chinese historical novels, providing reference for the further entity correlation of Chinese historical literature.

The Sleeping Dragon’s Elegy: An Example of Occasional Verse in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms This article examines one example of occasional verse in the classic Chinese novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo yanyi 三国演义, Luo Guanzhong, 14th century), with a focus on the historical situation in which the poem is placed and the political implications ascribed to it. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a work of tremendous cultural impact. Its retelling of historical events during the late Han dynasty continues to shape the general understanding of this period, regardless of the narrative being widely accepted as fiction based on history. The poem discussed here is one example of fictional occasional verse that highlights the importance of the practice during the period in question as well as during the early Ming dynasty when the novel was written. The novel takes place during a time in Chinese history called the “Three Kingdoms” period when the Han dynasty was falling apart into smaller, independent states. The three states of Wei, Wu, and Shu, their internal struggles and the wars between them, form the centre of the narrative. Crucial to an appreciation of the poem is the Battle of Red Cliff, a naval confrontation that took place in the year 208 AD, when the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei managed to overcome the otherwise stronger enemy. The battle brought together Shu military strategist Zhuge Liang, the “author” of the poem according to the novel, and the poem’s subject – Wu commander-in-chief Zhou Yu. In 210, upon hearing about Zhou Yu’s early demise, Zhuge Liang decides to attend his funeral despite hostile sentiments among Wu generals. He presents the poem – an elegy retelling Zhou Yu’s life and accomplishments – to persuade the Wu generals of his innocence in the matter of Zhou Yu’s death.

The Ming period is recognized as a period that introduced a new genre to Chinese literature, especially Chinese prose. During this period, novels from the masterpieces of Chinese literature saw the light of day. They are a valuable source for the study of Chinese literary language, as well as providing valuable information on the plot, historical facts, and the Darwin. In particular, the novel "Three Kingdoms", created in the Ming period, has a large volume and a plot rich in sharp turns, the events of the novel are based on the collapse of the Eastern Khanate, in general, various contradictions in public administration, political, military and foreign relations. The diversity in the author’s depiction of contradictions and struggles, the uniqueness in the depiction of each event, demonstrates the writer’s unparalleled artistic skill. In contrast to the "Three Kingdoms", the plot of “Water Margins” is based on the peasant uprisings and struggles; the play depicts the emergence, development and decline of the peasant uprising. The play praises a number of rebellious heroes, most of the protagonists of the work are extremely vivid, and their character is clearly described. The influence of the successful creation of the novels “Three Kingdoms” and “Water Margins” on the creation of historical and heroic novels of the next period is incomparable. The first phase of the Ming period was a turning point in the history of literature. With the end of the Yuan Dynasty (元朝 Yuán cháo 1206-1368) and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, no other significant works were created during this period, except for two major novels, the Three Kingdoms (《三国演义》) and the River Basins (《水浒传》). It was not until 1465 that there was a renewal in drama and folk poetry.

Artikel ini membahas konsep mistik-romantik pada tragedi bencana meletusnya gunung Krakatau pada novel Drama dari Krakatau karya Kwee Tek Hoay. Novel ini terinspirasi oleh novel Baron Edward Bulwer-Lytton yang berjudul The Last Day of Pompeii yang diterbitkan tahun 1834. Drama dari Krakatau karya Kwee Tek Hoay disajikan dengan konsep realis yakni dengan menampilkan deskripsi meletusnya gunung Krakatau pada tahun 1883. Artikel ini bertujuan menunjukkan konsep tersebut dengan menganalisisnya berdasarkan tataran tanda dalam konvensi novel. Mistik-romantik dalam novel ini dimaknai sebagai peristiwa yang digambarkan dalam perpektif sastrawan atas peristiwa bencana yang terjadi melalui kacamata karya sastra. Meletusnya gunung berapi Krakatau yang menewaskan puluhan ribu orang dan membuat bencana lain tersebut diposisikan sebagai bagian intertekstualitas oleh Kwee Tek Hoay dalam sudut pandang sastra. Sekaitan dengan itu, sastra dapat dipahami sebagai dokumen sejarah yang menggambarkan peristiwa secara jujur. Akhirnya, artikel ini menunjukkan novel Drama dari Krakatau sebagai alat dokumentasi tentang peristiwa bencana dengan balutan romansa cerita khas novel Melayu Tionghoa. Kata Kunci: Krakatau, Kwee Tek Hoay, mistik-romantik, novel, sastra bencana Abstract This article discusses the mystical-romantic concept of the tragedy of the eruption of Mount Krakatau in the novel “Drama dari Karakatau” by Kwee Tek Hoay. The novel was inspired by Baron Edward Bulwer-Lytton's novel The Last Day of Pompeii published in 1834. The drama from Krakatau by Kwee Tek Hoay is presented with a realist concept, namely by displaying a description of the eruption of Mount Krakatau in 1883. This article aims to demonstrate the concept by analyzing it based on the state of signs in the novel convention. The mystics in this novel are interpreted as events depicted in the literati's perspective of catastrophic events that occur through the lens of literary works. The eruption of the Krakatau volcano that killed tens of thousands of people and made another disaster was positioned as part of intertextuality by Kwee Tek Hoay from a literary point of view. Related to it, literature can be understood as a historical document that describes events honestly. Finally, this article shows the novel “Drama dari Krakatau” as a tool for documentation of catastrophic events wrapped in the romance of stories typical of Chinese Malay novels. Keywords: Krakatau, Kwee Tek Hoay, mystic-romantic, novel, disaster literature

Being colonized by France, Cocochina (the South of Vietnam) was the region where Western literature was introduced into earlier than the North. Truong Minh Ky was considered the first translator of Western literature in Vietnam. His earliest works of translation appeared in 1884. By the early 20th century, introduced to Vietnamese readers were Western literary works not only of French origin but also of British, American and Russian origins; not only poetry, prose but also drama. In the late 19th century, many writers such as Truong Vinh Ky, Huynh Tinh Cua were interested in Chinese literature. In the first decade of the 20th century, a wide variety of Chinese novels were translated into Vietnamese, forming a strong movement of translating "truyen Tau” (Chinese fictions). The remarkable characteristics of the translation of Western literature in Cochinchina were as follows - The newspapers and magazines in “Quoc Ngu” (Vietnamese language written in Latin characters) where the first works of translation were published played very important role. - The translators were greatly diverse, coming from different social and cultural backgrounds. - More translation was made on prose. Novels of martial arts, historical stories, novels of heroic deeds attracted the attention of the translators and the publishers. Therefore, they were translated much more than romance novels were, because of their compatibility with popular audience. - By translating the works of Western literature, the writers tried to express new concepts of humanism, such as women rights, or gender issues. Translated literature in Cocochina in the late 19th and early 20th centuries reflects a paradox: Western influences started to leave their marks but the Chinese influence was still strongly engraved. However, this was a remarkable step in the journey of modernization of national literature. Through these early translated works, new literary genres were introduced and Vietnamese readers gradually became familiar with them. Translation experiences were the first steps for Cocochina writers to achieve thorough understanding, to learn Western writing techniques and styles, which helped them become the pioneers of new literature in Vietnam.

In the late sixteenth century, thriving private maritime trade brought forth maritime trouble to the late Ming state. In times of rampant “Japanese” piracy and Hideyoshi’s invasion of Korea, Chinese literati composed unofficial histories and vernacular fiction on China’s foreign relations. Among them, Yan Congjian 嚴從簡 wrote Shuyu zhouzi lu 殊域周咨錄 (Records of Surrounding Strange Realms) (1574), He Qiaoyuan 何喬遠 compiled Wang Xiangji 王享記 (Records of the Emperors’ Tributes) (1597–1620), Luo Yuejiong 羅曰褧 penned Xianbin lu 咸賓錄 (Records of Tributary Guests) (1597), and Luo Maodeng 羅懋登 composed a vernacular novel Sanbao taijian xiyangji tongsu yanyi 三寶太監西洋記通俗演義 (Vernacular Romance of Eunuch Sanbao’s Voyages on the Indian Ocean) (1598). This article examines how the imminent maritime realities reminded the late Ming authors of one cross-border war and two genocides in Java and Sanfoqi during Yuan and early and mid-Ming times. These transgressions that violated Chinese official tributary order became memorable and made Sino-Java relations a definite point of comparison for the late Ming maritime piracy problems. This article argues that the cultural memory of Sino-Java military and diplomatic exchange enabled the authors to lament and condemn the executed pirates Wang Zhi and Chen Zuyi. The four authors imbue their narratives with personal anxieties and nationalistic sentiments. While the historical narratives tend to moralize and idealize China’s tributary world order, the vernacular fiction paints a more realistic picture of the late Ming state by involving heterogeneous voices of the “other.” Collectively, the four narratives represent various images of the Ming Empire, revealing the authors’ deep apprehension of the Mings’ identity, their political criticism of the state, and their divergent and even self-conflicted views toward maritime commerce, immigrants, and people of different races.

The author examines The Duke of Stockbridge: A Romance of Shays’ Rebellion (1879), a historical novel written by Edward Bellamy (1850–1898) in order to examine the ethics of Romance in the treatment of historical fiction. Edward Bellamy, most famous for his socialist novel, Looking Backwards (1888), himself looks backwards to examine the popular rebellion during the early post-revolutionary American democracy before the US Constitution was established. The striking feature of this novel is the way that it superimposes the romance genre onto political and historical events. Using the ethical criticism of J. Hillis Miller, Martha Nussbaum, Alasdair MacIntyre, and others, the paper examines the romance genre in relation to virtue ethics to analyze the ethical impulse in Bellamy’s historical novel. To what degree does romance – a literary genre that combines stock characters and stereotypical action – open itself up to analysis in terms of the “virtue ethics” of Nussbaum, MacIntyre, and others? To what degree does an analysis of Bellamy’s novel in these terms allow us to understand what I call the “rhetorical ethics” of a critic like Miller? An examination of the Genteel Literary Tradition prevalent at the time of Bellamy’s novel – as it manifests itself in language and historical representation – allows us to see more closely the relations among rhetoric, character and ethics in the historical novel.

Aquesta investigació consisteix en un estudi empíric i descriptiu de l’tractament dels referents culturals presents en la novel·la clàssica xinesa三国演义 三国演义 (Sānguóyǎnyì: Romanç dels Tres Regnes) i de la recepció de la traducció d’aquests elements culturals. La motivació que ens porta a plantejar aquest estudi parteix de dos interessos principals: el generat pel corpus i el que ens desperta el tema en si mateix. El corpus està format pel text original,三国演义 三国演义 (Sānguóyǎnyì: Romanç dels Tres Regnes) i per quatre textos meta compostos per dues traduccions a l’anglès -Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1925) de C.H. Brewitt Taylor i Three Kingdoms (1992) de Moss Roberts- i dues a l’espanyol -Romance dels Tres Regnes (2013) de Maria Ortega i El romanç dels tres regnes (en procés) de Ricardo Cebrián. Com una de les quatre grans novel·les clàssiques de la literatura xinesa, aquesta obra clàssica no només té una gran influència a la Xina, sinó que també s’ha deixat una profunda petjada per tot el món. Aquesta investigació té per objectiu principal analitzar el tractament dels referents culturals en la novel·la seleccionada i la recepció de les traduccions. En concret, identificar i classificar els referents culturals de l’obra original i de les seves traduccions segons els àmbits culturals; analitzar la manera en què cada traducció ha traslladat els referents culturals emprant com a instrument d’anàlisi les tècniques de traducció; elaborar qüestionaris que fem servir com a instrument per a esbrinar la recepció; analitzar els resultats obtinguts en els qüestionaris i estudiar la preferència dels enquestats per una traducció o una altra, esbrinant si les variables plantejades com a hipòtesi influeixen o no en la preferència. La metodologia emprada segueix els següents passos: en primer lloc, vam realitzar la confecció de el marc conceptual i metodològic. En concret, hem fet una revisió bibliogràfica de les principals teories sobre la cultura, un recorregut per les aportacions sobre la terminologia i la classificació dels referents culturals, hem exposat les tècniques de traducció i hem repassat la teoria de la recepció en el camp de els estudis literaris, així com els estudis realitzats sobre la recepció de la traducció de referents culturals. En segon lloc, hem presentat la novel·la original i les quatre traduccions, centrant-nos en el traductor, la finalitat de la traducció i els destinataris. En tercer lloc, hem identificat i classificat els referents culturals de l’obra original i de les traduccions, recorrent a la classificació dels àmbits culturals de Molina (2001). No obstant això, hem decidit apartar referents històrics de l’àmbit de el patrimoni cultural, per situar-los al nou àmbit independent: el de la història. D’aquesta manera, la classificació s’ajusta de manera més precís a la nostra investigació. A continuació, hem analitzat com s’han traslladat, a cada traducció, els referents culturals. Fem servir les tècniques de traducció de Molina i Hurtado (Molina 1998 i 2011, i Molina i Hurtado Albir 2002) com a instrument d’anàlisi. L’última fase consisteix en l’anàlisi de la recepció de la traducció dels referents culturals. Distribuïm els qüestionaris dissenyats per als participants amb diferents variables: el diferent nivell de coneixement sobre la cultura xinesa i el sexe dels lectors. Un cop analitzades les dades estadístiques de l’qüestionari, sintetitzem els resultats i intentem esbrinar si les variables de competència cultural i de gènere influeixen d’alguna manera en la preferència dels lectors per les diferents traduccions.
Esta investigación consiste en un estudio empírico y descriptivo del tratamiento de los referentes culturales presentes en la novela clásica china 三国演义 三国演义 (Sānguóyǎnyì: Romance de los Tres Reinos) y de la recepción de la traducción de dichos elementos culturales. La motivación que nos lleva a plantear este estudio parte de dos intereses principales: el generado por el corpus y el que nos despierta el tema en sí mismo. El corpus está formado por el texto original, 三国演义 三国演义 (Sānguóyǎnyì: Romance de los Tres Reinos) y por cuatro textos meta compuestos por dos traducciones al inglés -Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1925) de C.H. Brewitt Taylor y Three Kingdoms (1992) de Moss Roberts- y dos al español -Romance de los Tres Reinos (2013) de María Ortega y El romance de los tres reinos (en proceso) de Ricardo Cebrián. Como una de las cuatro grandes novelas clásicas de la literatura china, esta obra clásica no solo tiene una gran influencia en China, sino que también se ha dejado una profunda huella por todo el mundo. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo principal analizar el tratamiento de los referentes culturales en la novela seleccionada y la recepción de las traducciones. En concreto, identificar y clasificar los referentes culturales de la obra original y de sus traducciones según los ámbitos culturales; analizar la manera en que cada traducción ha trasladado los referentes culturales empleando como instrumento de análisis las técnicas de traducción; elaborar cuestionarios que usamos como instrumento para averiguar la recepción; analizar los resultados obtenidos en los cuestionarios y estudiar la preferencia de los encuestados por una traducción u otra, averiguando si las variables planteadas como hipótesis influyen o no en la preferencia. La metodología empleada sigue los siguientes pasos: en primer lugar, realizamos la confección del marco conceptual y metodológico. En concreto, hemos hecho una revisión bibliográfica de las principales teorías sobre la cultura, un recorrido por las aportaciones sobre la terminología y la clasificación de los referentes culturales, hemos expuesto las técnicas de traducción y hemos repasado la teoría de la recepción en el campo de los estudios literarios, así como los estudios realizados sobre la recepción de la traducción de referentes culturales. En segundo lugar, hemos presentado la novela original y las cuatro traducciones, centrándonos en el traductor, la finalidad de la traducción y los destinatarios. En tercer lugar, hemos identificado y clasificado los referentes culturales de la obra original y de las traducciones, recurriendo a la clasificación de los ámbitos culturales de Molina (2001). No obstante, hemos decidido apartar referentes históricos del ámbito del patrimonio cultural, para situarlos en el nuevo ámbito independiente: el de la historia. De este modo, la clasificación se ajusta de modo más certero a nuestra investigación. A continuación, hemos analizado cómo se han trasladado, en cada traducción, los referentes culturales. Empleamos las técnicas de traducción de Molina y Hurtado (Molina 1998 y 2011, y Molina y Hurtado Albir 2002) como instrumento de análisis. La última fase consiste en el análisis de la recepción de la traducción de los referentes culturales. Distribuimos los cuestionarios diseñados para los participantes con diferentes variables: el diferente nivel de conocimiento sobre la cultura china y el sexo de los lectores. Una vez analizados los datos estadísticos del cuestionario, sintetizamos los resultados e intentamos averiguar si las variables de competencia cultural y de género influyen de algún modo en la preferencia de los lectores por las diferentes traducciones.
This research consists of an empirical and descriptive study of the treatment of cultural references present in the Chinese classical novel 三国演义 三国演义 (Sānguóyǎnyì: Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and the reception of the translation of said cultural elements. The motivation that leads us to propose this study is based on two main interests: the one generated by the corpus and the one that awakens the subject itself. The corpus is formed by the original text, 三国演义 三国演义 (Sānguóyǎnyì: Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and by four meta texts composed of two English translations -Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1925) by C.H. Brewitt Taylor and Three Kingdoms (1992) by Moss Roberts- and two in Spanish -Romance of the Three Kingdoms (2013) by María Ortega and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (in process) by Ricardo Cebrián. As one of the four great classic novels of Chinese literature, this classic work not only has a great influence in China, but it has also left a deep mark all over the world. The main objective of this research is to analyze the treatment of cultural references in the selected novel and the reception of translations. Specifically, identify and classify the cultural references of the original work and its translations according to the cultural fields; analyze the way in which each translation has transferred the cultural references using the translation techniques as an analysis tool; develop questionnaires that we use as an instrument to find out the reception; analyze the results obtained in the questionnaires and study the preference of the respondents for one translation or another, finding out if the variables raised as hypotheses influence the preference or not. The methodology used follows the following steps: first, we make the conceptual and methodological framework. Specifically, we have made a bibliographic review of the main theories about culture, a tour of the contributions on terminology and classification of cultural references, we have exposed translation techniques and we have reviewed the theory of reception in the field of literary studies, as well as studies on the reception of the translation of cultural references. Second, we have presented the original novel and the four translations, focusing on the translator, the purpose of the translation and the recipients. Thirdly, we have identified and classified the cultural references of the original work and the translations, using the classification of the cultural fields of Molina (2001). However, we have decided to separate historical references from the field of cultural heritage, to place them in the new independent field: that of history. In this way, the classification fits more accurately to our research. Next, we have analyzed how the cultural references have been transferred in each translation. We use the translation techniques of Molina and Hurtado (Molina 1998 and 2011, and Molina and Hurtado Albir 2002) as an analysis tool. The last phase consists in the analysis of the reception of the translation of the cultural references. We distribute the questionnaires designed for participants with different variables: the different level of knowledge about Chinese culture and the sex of the readers. Once the statistical data of the questionnaire has been analyzed, we synthesize the results and try to find out if the cultural and gender competence variables influence in some way the readers' preference for the different translations.

This is the beginning of a historical novel set in 1960’s Little Rock, Arkansas. The main character, Elsie Robinson, is forced to come home from her life in New York because of the sudden death of her father. She stays to look after her mother. She then meets Freddie, a white man, who somehow feels completely comfortable in her black community. In a time when everything seems to be falling apart, Freddie is a beam of light. If only their relationship weren’t illegal.

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O romance histórico publicado no Brasil, a partir de 1990, apresenta-se predominantemente em duas tendências, denominadas pela crítica como Novo Romance Histórico e Metaficção Historiográfica. Nesse contexto, para a literatura feminina, é bastante promissora a ficção histórica contemporânea, que representa um novo viés para a produção literária de mulheres. Assim, nesta pesquisa, três romances de autoria feminina são estudados: Desmundo (1996), de Ana Miranda; Os Rios Turvos (1993), de Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira; Rosa Maria Egipcíaca de Santa Cruz (1997), de Heloísa Maranhão. O contexto histórico das obras é o Brasil colonial e a personagem principal de cada uma das narrativas é uma mulher. São elas: a órfã Oribela, que veio de Portugal para casar no Brasil; Filipa Raposa, a mulher assassinada do poeta Bento Teixeira; e Rosa Maria Egipcíaca da Vera Cruz, a primeira afro-brasileira a ter escrito um livro. Nesses romances a condição feminina é mais do que simples fonte temática: é o elemento que estrutura e organiza as narrativas. Conseqüentemente, eles permitem olhar, de forma aparentemente descompromissada, para a história das mulheres, extraindo da desmemória da história oficial (para introduzir no interior do universo ficcional) temáticas que ficaram à margem das versões históricas escritas pelo patriarcado, como a sexualidade feminina.
The published historical novel, in Brazil, from 1990, is presented, predominantly, in two trends, called, by critics, as: New Historical Novel and Historiographic Metafiction. In this context, for women's literature, the contemporary historical fiction is sufficiently promising, being able, also, to represent the maturity of the literary production of women. Thus, in this research, three novels, of female authorship, are studied: Desmundo (1996), by Ana Miranda; Os Rios Turvos (1993), by Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira; and Rosa Maria Egipcíaca de Santa Cruz (1997) by Heloísa Maranhão. The historical context of the works is colonial Brazil, and the main character of each of the narratives is a woman. They are: Oribela, the orphan who came from Portugal to marry in Brazil, Filipa Raposa, the wife, assassinated, of the Bento Teixeira, and Rosa Maria da Vera Cruz, first afro-Brazilian to have written a book. In these novels, the feminine condition is more than a simple thematic source, it is the element that structures and organizes the narratives. Consequently, they allow one to look at, in an apparently uncompromised form, to the history of the women, extracting of the forgetfulness of official history (to introduce in the interior of the fictional universe) themes that had been at the margins of the historical versions written by the patriarchy, as feminine sexuality.

Orientador: Antônio Roberto Esteves
Banca: Maria Lídia Lichtscheidl Maretti
Banca: Cleide Antonia Rapucci
Banca: Marlise Vaz Bridi
Banca: Cleonice Nascimento da Silva
Resumo: O romance histórico publicado no Brasil, a partir de 1990, apresenta-se predominantemente em duas tendências, denominadas pela crítica como Novo Romance Histórico e Metaficção Historiográfica. Nesse contexto, para a literatura feminina, é bastante promissora a ficção histórica contemporânea, que representa um novo viés para a produção literária de mulheres. Assim, nesta pesquisa, três romances de autoria feminina são estudados: Desmundo (1996), de Ana Miranda; Os Rios Turvos (1993), de Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira; Rosa Maria Egipcíaca de Santa Cruz (1997), de Heloísa Maranhão. O contexto histórico das obras é o Brasil colonial e a personagem principal de cada uma das narrativas é uma mulher. São elas: a órfã Oribela, que veio de Portugal para casar no Brasil; Filipa Raposa, a mulher assassinada do poeta Bento Teixeira; e Rosa Maria Egipcíaca da Vera Cruz, a primeira afro-brasileira a ter escrito um livro. Nesses romances a condição feminina é mais do que simples fonte temática: é o elemento que estrutura e organiza as narrativas. Conseqüentemente, eles permitem olhar, de forma aparentemente descompromissada, para a história das mulheres, extraindo da desmemória da história oficial (para introduzir no interior do universo ficcional) temáticas que ficaram à margem das versões históricas escritas pelo patriarcado, como a sexualidade feminina.
Abstract: The published historical novel, in Brazil, from 1990, is presented, predominantly, in two trends, called, by critics, as: New Historical Novel and Historiographic Metafiction. In this context, for women's literature, the contemporary historical fiction is sufficiently promising, being able, also, to represent the maturity of the literary production of women. Thus, in this research, three novels, of female authorship, are studied: Desmundo (1996), by Ana Miranda; Os Rios Turvos (1993), by Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira; and Rosa Maria Egipcíaca de Santa Cruz (1997) by Heloísa Maranhão. The historical context of the works is colonial Brazil, and the main character of each of the narratives is a woman. They are: Oribela, the orphan who came from Portugal to marry in Brazil, Filipa Raposa, the wife, assassinated, of the Bento Teixeira, and Rosa Maria da Vera Cruz, first afro-Brazilian to have written a book. In these novels, the feminine condition is more than a simple thematic source, it is the element that structures and organizes the narratives. Consequently, they allow one to look at, in an apparently uncompromised form, to the history of the women, extracting of the forgetfulness of official history (to introduce in the interior of the fictional universe) themes that had been at the margins of the historical versions written by the patriarchy, as feminine sexuality.
Doutor

Este trabalho compara três romances históricos brasileiros do século XIX: Guerra dos Mascates (1873-4), de José de Alencar, O matuto (1878) e Lourenço (1881), ambos de Franklin Távora. Os três romances se ambientam na Guerra dos Mascates, conflito civil ocorrido em Pernambuco no início do século XVIII. Para o estudo comparativo de tais obras, levou-se em conta o interesse de cada um dos autores ao escrever os romances, bem como suas visões distintas a respeito de tal gênero, que ficaram bastante claras na polêmica das Cartas a Cincinato. Para melhor compreender as obras, este trabalho analisa não só as Cartas críticas de Távora a Alencar, mas a resposta altiva do segundo em seu prefácio Bênção paterna; esse debate será permeado neste trabalho por uma análise breve do contexto romântico do período e seus ideais e mudanças, especialmente no que tange ao romance histórico. Além disso, este trabalho tece uma breve apresentação da Guerra dos Mascates, bem como de sua historiografia, especialmente aquela a que Alencar e Távora podem ter tido acesso.
This paper compares three Brazilian historical novels from the 19th century: Guerra dos Mascates (1873-4), by José de Alencar, O matuto (1878) and Lourenço (1881), both by Franklin Távora. The three novels talk about Mascates War, a civil war that took place in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, in the early 18th century. To the comparative study of these novels, the interests of both of the writers were taken into consideration. Besides, their different points of view about the historical novel were also considered. These points of view became very clear after Cartas a Cincinato controversy. In order to better understand the books, this paper analyses not only the critical Letters from Távora to Alencar, but also Alencars haughty response called Benção Paterna; this debate will be followed by a short analysis of the Romantic period and its ideals and changes, especially about the historical novel. Furthermore, this paper will briefly present the Mascates War and the historiographical debate about it, especially those documents Alencar and Távora could have read.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Ines de Castro is a theme in literature from the fourteenth century. The historical fact of his death, in 1355, became a landmark in the history of Portugal and, since then, several literary texts from various genres, have dealt with this theme, this made the couple Pedro and Ines a myth of love passion, of love beyond the barriers of death, like Tristan and Isolde, Romeo and Juliet, Abelard and Heloise. The literary myth - or any picture that mythologize literature - is always prepared before culturally and works in the same way that so many others, this is, as an element of cultural identity, either collectively or individually, making it also a feature poetic. Thereby, is an archetype confirmed through time and eventually reveals a series of webs of the human psyche. Ines de Castro became the Portuguese myth of eternal love: she became queen after your dead. The persistence of the myth makes the love story of Pedro and Ines continue to produce texts of various literary genres. This study examines six contemporary historical novels, to show that the way actually this kind o novel does a new formulacion of Pedro e Ines mythical, because now it s different view likes the victim in Os lusiadas and other texts from the past. Collaborate to this news relacions between history and literature and a novelist's new stance in relation to historical facts that relate like reffering to novel. The intention is to show, through the novels chosen now Ines de Castro have different profiles than it had before in tradicional historic novels from the period of Romanticism and New Romanticism. Authored by Agustina Bessa-Lu?s, Jo?o Aguiar, Ant?nio C?ndido Franco, Seomara da Veiga Ferreira and Luis Rosa, the six novels studied show the circularity cultural of inesian myth showing this new character of the new person Ines in the contemporany historical novel
In?s de Castro ? um tema presente na literatura desde o s?culo XIV. O fato hist?rico de sua morte, em 1355, tornou-se um marco na Hist?ria portuguesa e, desde ent?o, diversos textos liter?rios, de v?rios g?neros, t?m tratado desse tema, o que fez do casal, Pedro e In?s, um mito do amor paix?o, do amor que ultrapassa as barreiras da morte, assim como Trist?o e Isolda, Romeu e Julieta, Abelardo e Helo?sa. O mito liter?rio ou qualquer figura que literatura mitificou ? sempre pr?-elaborado culturalmente e funciona nos mesmos moldes que tantos outros, isto ?, como um elemento da identidade cultural, quer coletiva, quer individualmente, tornando-se, tamb?m, um recurso po?tico. Desse modo, ? um arqu?tipo confirmado pelo tempo e acaba por revelar uma s?rie de teias da psique humana. In?s de Castro tornou-se o mito portugu?s do amor eterno: ? a "que depois de morta foi rainha". A perman?ncia do mito faz com que a hist?ria de amor de Pedro e In?s continue a render textos liter?rios de diversos g?neros. Esta pesquisa debru?a-se sobre seis romances hist?ricos contempor?neos, a fim de evidenciar que a forma como esse romance ? escrito na contemporaneidade traz uma reelabora??o da imagem m?tica de In?s, visto que agora n?o ? mais tratada como a In?s v?tima, presente n Os lus?adas e em outros textos de ?pocas passadas. Para isso, colaboram as novas rela??es entre Hist?ria e Literatura e uma nova postura do romancista em rela??o aos fatos hist?ricos tomados como referentes do romance. O intento ? evidenciar, atrav?s do corpus escolhido, que In?s de Castro tem agora diversos perfis, os quais n?o se viam nos romances hist?ricos tradicionais, da ?poca do Romantismo e Neo-romantismo. Da autoria de Agustina Bessa-Lu?s, Jo?o Aguiar, Ant?nio C?ndido Franco, Seomara da Veiga Ferreira e Lu?s Rosa, os seis romances em estudo comprovam a circularidade cultural do mito inesiano, mostrando essa nova personagem In?s de Castro romance hist?rico contempor?neo

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Apoiado nos pressupostos da literatura comparada, o presente estudo investiga as principais produções de romances no contexto da poética do descobrimento em terras americanas, cujas produções incluem obras que revelam desde o discurso apologético ao paródico e carnavalizado. Tais releituras se alimentam das imagens dicotômicas de Colombo, expostas tanto pela historiografia tradicional como pela nova história e pelo romance histórico. Partindo de um corpus bastante amplo, com romances produzidos em diferentes períodos, objetiva-se, primeiramente, destacar o discurso apologético presente nas produções norte-americanas desde o romantismo até a contemporaneidade para, em seguida, ao abordar a produção hispano-americana da temática – iniciada na década de 70 do século XX – mostrar que esta modalidade de novo romance histórico acabou influenciando as produções sobre o descobrimento em todo o território americano, levando determinados romancistas norteamericanos a se alinharem com os logros estéticos da literatura hispano-americana. Como conseqüência deste processo, temos, na literatura norte-americana contemporânea, um conjunto de obras que inclui a dialética da apologia e da paródia em relação à poética do descobrimento, fato que revelamos pela análise de um corpus específico. O procedimento de seleção do corpus levou em conta, para sua delimitação, os seguintes critérios: obras que pertencessem à modalidade romance histórico americano contemporâneo; que fossem oriundas de cada uma das três Américas; e que fossem representativas de cada uma das modalidades contemporâneas de romance histórico em língua espanhola e inglesa...
Supported by the principles of Compared Literature, the present study investigates the main novels’ productions on the poetry of the discovery in America, whose fictional production includes works with different discourses, from the apology to parody and carnivalization. Such re-elaborations have as one of their sources the dichotomic images of Columbus widespread by both the traditional historiography and the new history, as well as the historical novel. Based on a comprehensive corpus of historical novels produced in different periods in America, we firstly intend to prove that this literary genre in North America has produced a discourse of apology since Romanticism until contemporary times, and then, by approaching the Hispanic American fictional production of the theme – which started around the 70s of the 20th century –, to show that this kind of historical novel has eventually influenced the whole fictional production on the discovery in the whole American continent. This fact made some of the North American novelist align themselves with the aesthetic aspects achieved by the Hispanic American Literature. As a consequence of this process, the current North American Literature presents a number of works including the dialectic of apology and parody in relation to the discovery, which can be confirmed by the analyses of works from our corpus. In the selection of this corpus, we considered the following criteria: works classified as contemporary American historical novels; works produced in each of the three Americas; and works which are representative of the different... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo primordial apresentar um estudo sobre a vida de Senhime, neta de Tokugawa Ieyasu, que concluiu a unificação do país, após vários anos de contendas, e estabeleceu o xogunato de Tokugawa que dominou o Japão por quase trezentos anos, tendo como base a tradução integral da obra Senhimesama (A Princesa Senhime) de Hiraiwa Yumie. O trabalho é dividido basicamente em três partes: na primeira parte far-se-á considerações sobre a relação entre a obra e o romance histórico; na segunda parte, será enfocada a personagem Senhime baseada na mescla de fatos históricos e fictícios e, na terceira parte, será abordada a relação entre Senhime e os vários castelos para os quais se viu obrigada a se deslocar nos períodos marcantes de sua vida
This research had as its primary aim to present a study on the life of Sen\'hime, granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who concluded the country unification after years of strife, and established the Tokugawa xogunate of Japan which ruled for almost three hundred years. This study is based in the full translation of Yumie Hiraiwa work Sen\'himesama (Princess Senhime). This research is basically divided into three parts: the first part will make considerations about the relation between the work and the historical novel; the second part will focus on Sen\'hime character which is based in a mixture of historical and fictional facts and in the third part, we will look at the relationship between Sen\'hime and the several castles towards which she was forced to move on remarkable periods of her life

Orientador: Heloísa Costa Milton
Banca: Livia Maria de Freitas Reis
Banca: Lourdes Kaminski Alves
Banca: Ana Maria Carlos
Banca: Cleide Antônia Rapucci
Resumo: Apoiado nos pressupostos da literatura comparada, o presente estudo investiga as principais produções de romances no contexto da poética do descobrimento em terras americanas, cujas produções incluem obras que revelam desde o discurso apologético ao paródico e carnavalizado. Tais releituras se alimentam das imagens dicotômicas de Colombo, expostas tanto pela historiografia tradicional como pela nova história e pelo romance histórico. Partindo de um corpus bastante amplo, com romances produzidos em diferentes períodos, objetiva-se, primeiramente, destacar o discurso apologético presente nas produções norte-americanas desde o romantismo até a contemporaneidade para, em seguida, ao abordar a produção hispano-americana da temática - iniciada na década de 70 do século XX - mostrar que esta modalidade de novo romance histórico acabou influenciando as produções sobre o descobrimento em todo o território americano, levando determinados romancistas norteamericanos a se alinharem com os logros estéticos da literatura hispano-americana. Como conseqüência deste processo, temos, na literatura norte-americana contemporânea, um conjunto de obras que inclui a dialética da apologia e da paródia em relação à poética do descobrimento, fato que revelamos pela análise de um corpus específico. O procedimento de seleção do corpus levou em conta, para sua delimitação, os seguintes critérios: obras que pertencessem à modalidade romance histórico americano contemporâneo; que fossem oriundas de cada uma das três Américas; e que fossem representativas de cada uma das modalidades contemporâneas de romance histórico em língua espanhola e inglesa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Supported by the principles of Compared Literature, the present study investigates the main novels' productions on the poetry of the discovery in America, whose fictional production includes works with different discourses, from the apology to parody and carnivalization. Such re-elaborations have as one of their sources the dichotomic images of Columbus widespread by both the traditional historiography and the new history, as well as the historical novel. Based on a comprehensive corpus of historical novels produced in different periods in America, we firstly intend to prove that this literary genre in North America has produced a discourse of apology since Romanticism until contemporary times, and then, by approaching the Hispanic American fictional production of the theme - which started around the 70s of the 20th century -, to show that this kind of historical novel has eventually influenced the whole fictional production on the discovery in the whole American continent. This fact made some of the North American novelist align themselves with the aesthetic aspects achieved by the Hispanic American Literature. As a consequence of this process, the current North American Literature presents a number of works including the dialectic of apology and parody in relation to the discovery, which can be confirmed by the analyses of works from our corpus. In the selection of this corpus, we considered the following criteria: works classified as contemporary American historical novels; works produced in each of the three Americas; and works which are representative of the different... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The adaptation from A Muralha, a historical novel written by Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, into a television soap opera, express, among other aspects, the transmission of national myths and symbols into television soap operas as a common practice. A Muralha was broadcasted by Globo Channel during The 500 years Celebration of Brazil Discovery, in 2000, and it had the paulista excursions as the main theme. Besides that, this soap opera recovered national Brazilian character ideologies, similarly to what The 500 years Celebration did. At this time, we could see the celebration of Nation s birth, and, in order to achieve a better understanding about this subject, we studied European nationalism and its consequences in Brazil during 19th and 20th centuries. We analyzed the potential of the historical novels to integrate the nationally imagined communities and we saw how television, Globo Channel specifically, gradually took the part of transmitting Images of Brazil through soap operas, to a wide audience and many times in partnership with the Brazilian State. The exhibition of the soap opera A Muralha happened in this context, from January 4 to March 28 in 2000.
A adaptação do romance histórico A Muralha, de Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, para a minissérie homônima, nos permite perceber, dentre outros aspectos, a transposição de mitos e símbolos de nacionalidade para a televisão enquanto procedimento recorrente nas narrativas televisivas. Exibida pela Rede Globo de Televisão, durante as Comemorações dos 500 anos de Descobrimento do Brasil, no ano de 2000, a minissérie tem como tema o bandeirantismo paulista e opera uma retomada de ideologias do caráter nacional brasileiro, semelhantemente à ocasião comemorativa na qual foi exibida. Nesse momento, vimos a celebração do nascimento da nação e, para melhor entender de que maneira esta foi feita, nos dirigimos ao nascimento do princípio de nacionalidade europeu e às suas formulações no Brasil ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX. Analisamos o potencial do romance histórico para integração das comunidades imaginadas nacionalmente e vimos como a televisão, especialmente a Rede Globo de Televisão, gradativamente passou a desempenhar esse papel no Brasil, veiculando constantemente imagens do Brasil por meio de suas telenovelas e minisséries, com enorme alcance junto à população, e muitas vezes em parceria com o Estado. Nesse panorama insere-se a exibição da minissérie histórica A Muralha, de 04 de janeiro a 28 de março de 2000.

As an important part of literary form, novels have a wide audience. Novels play an important role in recording and reflecting the changes of history, society and people's spiritual consciousness. The novel has various forms of expression, and its narrative methods and techniques have been fully developed. Through the interpretation of the narrative expression of the novel, we can find that: with the development of the times, the change of social background, the change of people's spiritual ideology, the expression forms and methods of the novel also show diversity. Mining and refining the epitome of historical development from novels also reflects its importance as a literary carrier.