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Tran, Van C., Fei Guo, and Tiffany J. Huang. "The Integration Paradox: Asian Immigrants in Australia and the United States." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 690, no. 1 (July 2020): 36–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220926974.
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Whereas Australia has pursued a skills-based migration policy, the United States has privileged family-based migration. The key contrast between these migration regimes provides a rare test of how national immigration policy shapes immigrant selection and integration. Does a skills-based immigration regime result in a more select group of Asian immigrants in Australia compared to their counterparts in the United States? Are Asian immigrants more integrated into their host society in Australia compared to the United States? Focusing on four groups of Asian immigrants in both countries (Chinese, Indians, Filipinos, and Vietnamese), this article addresses these questions using a transpacific comparison. Despite Australia’s skills-based immigration policy, we find that Asian immigrants in Australia are less hyper-selected than their counterparts in the United States. Asian immigrants in Australia also report worse labor market outcomes than those in the United States, with the exception of Vietnamese—a refugee group. Altogether, these findings challenge the conventional wisdom that skills-based immigration policy not only results in more selected immigrants, but also positively influences their integration into the host society.
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_, _. "Ethnic Identity and Immigrant Organizations." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341366.
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Abstract The identities of Chinese immigrants and their organizations are themes widely studied in existing literature but the link between them remains under-researched. This paper seeks to explore the role of Chinese ethnicity in Chinese immigrants’ self-organizing processes by empirically studying Chinese community organizations in South Australia. It finds that Chinese immigrants have deployed ethnic identities together with other social identities to call different organizations into being, which exerts an important influence on the emergence and performance of the five major types of Chinese community organizations active in South Australia. Moreover, the ways in which Chineseness is deployed have been heavily influenced by three factors within and beyond the community. These factors are the transformation of the local ethnic-Chinese community, changing socio-political contexts in Australia, and the rise of China. In short, the deployment of ethnic identities in Chinese immigrants’ organizing processes is instrumental, contextual, and strategic.
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LIN, XIAOPING, CHRISTINA BRYANT, JENNIFER BOLDERO, and BRIONY DOW. "Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants." Ageing and Society 37, no. 10 (August 30, 2016): 2103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000829.
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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of population ageing and increasing cultural diversity in many Western countries, the study examined differences and similarities between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants in their relationships with adult children. The specific research questions were: (a) are there differences between these groups in the nature of parent–child relationships; and (b) if there were differences, did these differences reflect the Confucian concept of filial piety among older Chinese immigrants. The solidarity–conflict model and the concept of ambivalence were used to quantify parent–child relationships. Data from 122 community-dwelling people aged 65 and over (60 Australian-born and 62 Chinese-born people) were collected using standardised interviews. There were significant differences between the two groups for all relationship dimensions except associative solidarity. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants were more likely to live with their children. However, when they did not live with their children, they lived further away. They were also more likely to receive, but less likely to provide, instrumental help. Finally, they reported higher levels of normative solidarity, conflict and ambivalence, and lower levels of affectual and consensual solidarity. The differences in solidarity dimensions persisted when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. The study revealed complex differences in the nature of older parent–child relationships between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Some of these differences, such as more prevalent multigenerational living among older Chinese immigrants, likely reflect the strong influence of filial piety among this group. However, differences in other dimensions, such as lower levels of consensual solidarity, might be associated with the Chinese participants’ experience as immigrants. This study also highlights the usefulness of the solidarity–conflict model as a theoretical framework to understand the nature of parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants.
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Li, Yao-Tai. "Constituting Co-Ethnic Exploitation: The Economic and Cultural Meanings of Cash-in-Hand Jobs for Ethnic Chinese Migrants in Australia." Critical Sociology 43, no. 6 (September 23, 2015): 919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920515606504.
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This article asks two questions: for immigrants, how is an exploitative labor market constituted, and how do immigrant employees and employers understand exploitation involving co-ethnics? Taking ethnic Chinese immigrants (PRC-Chinese, Taiwanese, Hong Kongese) as an example, this article examines employer hiring strategies, employee economic rationales, cultural perceptions, and the work experiences of ethnic Chinese migrant workers who find work in the informal sector in Australia. This article argues that language barriers, relatively higher earnings than home countries, the flexibility of cash-in-hand jobs, and the low expectation that job-seekers have of co-ethnic employers increase the willingness of ethnic Chinese migrants to work in the cash economy. On the other hand, employers look for an ‘obedient’ employee and create the image of a ‘good boss’ to decrease the expression of hostile emotions from their employees. Considering how economic factors and mutual cultural perceptions are embedded and reflected in the informal labor market, this article concludes that co-ethnic exploitation is formulated and justified by both employers and employees in Australia.
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Lin, Xiaoping, Christina Bryant, Jennifer Boldero, and Briony Dow. "Psychological well-being of older Chinese immigrants living in Australia: a comparison with older Caucasians." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 10 (July 8, 2016): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001010.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Few current studies explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. The study addressed this gap and provided preliminary data on psychological well-being among this group. Four indicators, namely depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, were used to present a comprehensive picture of psychological well-being.Methods:Participants were two groups of community-dwelling older people, specifically 59 Chinese immigrants and 60 Australian-born people (median age=77 and 73, respectively). Data were collected through standardized interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire were used to measure depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, respectively.Results:Chinese participants’ median quality of life score was higher than the scale mid-point, indicating relatively high levels of quality of life. However, 10% exhibited symptoms of depression, 6% had symptoms of anxiety, and 49% felt lonely. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants reported poorer quality of life and higher levels of loneliness. Importantly, the difference in quality of life remained when the impact of socio-demographic factors was controlled for.Conclusions:This study was the first to use multiple indicators to explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. Its results suggest that their psychological well-being might be worse than that of Australian-born people when using loneliness and quality of life as indicators. In particular, loneliness is a common psychological problem among this group, and there is a need for public awareness of this problem.
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Ding, Yumo. "Investigate Chinese Immigrant Parent’s Perceptions of Their Children’s Literacy and Numeracy Acquisition and Development in Australia." International Journal of Education and Humanities 5, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v5i1.1936.
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Literacy and numeracy are the fundamental elements that need to be developed in early childhood to enhance children's skills and future personal attainment. This research study focuses on investigating how Chinese immigrant parents think of conducting literacy and numeracy learning in early childhood as well as what they would like to do to promote their children's early literacy and numeracy acquisition and development. The findings present that Chinese traditional Confucianism values and learning beliefs are deep-rooted in Chinese immigrants parents' minds. Created favourable and supportive learning environments and various traditional activities are used to support their children's literacy and numeracy learning from an early age. Understanding Chinese immigrant families' learning beliefs and traditional cultural values could contribute to supporting children's personal development and future achievement within the Australian context for both Chinese and Australian educators.
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Vincent, Alison. "Learning to cook the Chinese way: Australian Chinese cookbooks of the 1950s." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00014_1.
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The history of Chinese migration to Australia and in particular the impact of discriminatory legislation has been the subject of considerable scholarship. Less well documented is the contribution of Chinese immigrants to Australia’s food culture. Chinese cooks had been at work in Australia since at least the 1850s, and cafés and restaurants were serving Chinese food in both urban and rural centres by the 1930s. The first cookery books devoted to Chinese recipes were written by Australian Chinese and published after the Second World War. They provided the curious and the adventurous with information that allowed them to both confidently order food in restaurants and experiment with cooking at home. An important and neglected source, this survey of these publications suggests some of the ways in which Chinese cooks adapted and adopted to produce an ‘Australianized’ Chinese menu.
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Lu, Ying, Ramanie Samaratunge, and Charmine E. J. Härtel. "Predictors of acculturation attitudes among professional Chinese immigrants in the Australian workplace." Journal of Management & Organization 22, no. 1 (June 11, 2015): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.19.
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AbstractProfessional Chinese immigrants (PCIs) are expected to substantially contribute to the relief of skills shortage and the bolstering of Australia’s economic and social development. However, they have encountered many adjustment difficulties arising from cultural and social differences after entering into the Australian workplace. There is a dearth of research to shed light on the adaptation of PCIs in Australia. To bridge this gap, this paper investigates PCIs’ acculturation preference and explores the predictors of each acculturation attitude. Our survey of a sample of 220 PCIs revealed that PCIs have a predominant preference to maintain their home culture, whereas logistic regressions revealed that length of residence in the host country, English proficiency, perceived social support at work and interdependent self-construal could predict the acculturation choices among PCIs. This study provides valuable information for managers and organizations in developing effective acculturation programs to assist immigrant employees with adaptation to a new workplace.
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Patrickson, Margaret, and Leonie Hallo. "Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Experience of Chinese Migrants to Australia." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040145.
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This article reports on findings from interviews with a small group of Chinese female immigrants to Australia who have started up their own business since their arrival. Unlike most publications concerning immigration that focus upon financial factors, we have instead concentrated on their personal journeys, why they started their businesses and the benefits they sought. We interviewed thirteen participants in Adelaide who had recently arrived from China with the aim of immigrating permanently to Australia. Immigration records indicate that by 2020 this figure had risen to over 160,000 per annum. However, it dropped again quickly in 2020 following the beginning of COVID-19. Nonetheless, according to recent Australian government records, over 866,200 current Australian residents have Chinese ancestry and 74% are first-generation migrants. The primary motivators for respondents were independence and control as well as income and skill development. Respondents were also satisfied by the personal development they gained.
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Lee, Sarah, Tammie S. Choi, Nicole Kellow, and Catherine Huggins. "How and Why Diets Change Post Migration for Chinese Immigrants." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_058.
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Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is disproportionally greater in Chinese immigrants in Australia compared with in China. Dietary acculturation is implicated as a CVD risk factor. This study aimed to explored Chinese immigrants’ perspectives on how and why their diets change post migration. Methods An exploratory qualitative interview study was undertaken with adult Chinese migrants who had been living in Australia for less than 10 years. Semi-structured interview questions were designed to draw out participants’ experience, emotions and thoughts of dietary change. Interviews were conducted via Zoom in participants’ preferred language (Mandarin or English). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English for analysis. A constructivist approach was adopted to thematically analyse the interviews. Results A total of 11 participants were interviewed (n = 3 males and n = 8 females) and ranged in age from 22–68 years old with length of residence in Australia ranging from 1–8 years. Key themes pertaining to how and why dietary changes that occur post migration are: that breakfast is the first meal to change from Chinese to Western style, convenience is one of the primary drivers of change in dietary habits, dinner is most frequently maintained in Chinese style, cultural identity is an important influence on dietary habits, and awareness of dietary change among Chinese immigrants is low as evidenced through statements such as “not much has changed” when asked about differences in their diet, but further probing identified that their post migration diets were quite different from their diets in China. Participants also reported a lack of general healthy eating knowledge and lack of nutrition education from China. Conclusions Though diets of Chinese immigrants to Australia change post migration, particularly in relation to breakfast, due to convenience, awareness of this change is low. Low awareness of dietary change along with lack of knowledge relating to healthy eating, could be a mechanism for adoption of unhealthy dietary patterns that may contribute to increased chronic disease risk for Chinese immigrants over time. Funding Sources No funding to declare.
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Cerin, Ester, Shiyuan Yin, Wing Ka Choi, Winsfred Ngan, Rachel Tham, and Anthony Barnett. "Development of Measures of Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Attributes Influencing, and Perceived Barriers to Engagement in, Healthy Behaviors for Older Chinese Immigrants to Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094531.
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Environmental correlates, barriers, and facilitators of physical activity, healthy eating, and socializing are understudied in older immigrants to developed countries. This study developed/adapted and validated measures of perceived barriers and neighborhood environmental characteristics related to these health-enhancing behaviors appropriate for older Chinese immigrants to Australia and similar Western countries. Older Chinese immigrants living in Melbourne (Australia) were recruited from neighborhoods varying in walkability and percentage of Chinese residents. Versions of the Neighborhood Environment for Healthy Aging–Chinese Immigrants to Australia (NEHA-CIA) questionnaire (20 subscales) and the Perceived Barriers to Health-Enhancing Behaviors questionnaire (four subscales) were developed from extant validated scales and information collected in formative qualitative research. Thirty-one participants took part in cognitive interviews aimed to pilot-test and refine the questionnaires. The modified questionnaires were administered to 52 participants twice, two weeks apart. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and construct validity (associations with theoretically-relevant constructs) were examined. Most items and subscales of both questionnaires had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency, while the NEHA-CIA also showed good construct validity. Future studies need to further examine the construct validity of the questionnaire of perceived barriers and determine the factorial validity of both measures on large representative samples.
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Auerbach, Sascha. "Margaret Tart, Lao She, and the Opium-Master's Wife: Race and Class among Chinese Commercial Immigrants in London and Australia, 1866–1929." Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 1 (January 2013): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417512000576.
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AbstractWhat little has been written about Chinese immigrants in the British Empire has focused mainly on laborers, commonly known as “coolies,” and their roles in imperial society, culture, and industry. Chinese commercial immigrants, though they loomed large in public dialogues about race, migration, and empire, have been virtually ignored. This article examines how such immigrants were represented, and how two prominent individuals represented themselves, in London and metropolitan Australia, respectively, during a high tide of British imperialism and Chinese global migration. By the 1920s, the ardent pro-British sentiment expressed by Mei Quong Tart, thede factorepresentative of the Chinese merchant class in Australia, had been superseded by the anti-colonial critique of Lao She, one of China's foremost modern novelists. Lao She's semi-autobiographical depiction of Chinese life in London condemned the violent and emasculating character of British imperialism, while also excoriating Chinese society's failure to modernize, cohere as a nation, and overcome internecine class conflicts. Both authors were concerned with social relations between Chinese men and white British women, as were British commentators throughout this period, and with differentiating themselves from laboring Chinese immigrants. Contrary to Stuart Hall's famous assertion that “race is the modality through which class is lived,” for these Chinese commercial immigrants class and gender proved to be more essential than were crude concepts of race to their experiences and self-identification, and ultimately to British society's rejection of their attempts to assimilate.
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Loy-Wilson, Sophie. "A Chinese shopkeeper on the Atherton Tablelands: Tracing connections between regional Queensland and regional China in Taam Szu Pui's My life and work." Queensland Review 21, no. 2 (November 12, 2014): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2014.23.
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Chinese-run stores were a vital part of the regional communities that developed throughout Australia in the nineteenth century. Functioning variously as supply stores, post offices, banks, cook-shops, hotels and hiring depots, they helped to maintain links between regional areas and metropolitan centres, connecting local businesses to overseas markets. Chinese immigrants were a dominant part of this retail trade across the country. By 1901, there were 800 people of Chinese descent working in Queensland shops, while the South Australian census listed 400 Chinese shopkeepers for the same year.
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Cui, Xia. "Small talk." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.38.1.01cui.
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There is growing evidence that social interactions at work with local colleagues present a real challenge for Chinese immigrants to Australia (e.g. Tomazin, 2009; Zhou, Windsor, Coyer, & Theobald, 2010), often leaving them feeling defeated and despairing, and the Australians puzzled or affronted. Seeking to understand the nature, origin, and dynamics of the problem at its sociocultural depth, a study was undertaken to examine the problematic social experience as reported by a group of Chinese immigrant professionals, from both their own and their Australian counterparts’ perspectives. The findings suggest small talk presents professionally qualified Chinese with an acute problem, and this is because the nature and dynamics of small talk are new in their social experience. Taking a sociolinguistic perspective to analyse data comprising Chinese accounts and discussions of problematic incidents and Australian commentary on these, the root of the difficulty has been revealed to lie in mismatches in the deeply held beliefs and values of Chinese and Australians about the nature of personal identity and interpersonal relationships, most pertinently, differences in their belief about how relationships beyond the intimate circle should be best managed. The article will present the findings of the study and the implications they suggest.
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Dai, Fu, Stephen T. T. Teo, and Karen Yuan Wang. "Network Marketing Businesses and Chinese Ethnicity Immigrants in Australia." Journal of Small Business Management 55, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12244.
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Bolton, Kristy A., Peter Kremer, Rachel Laws, Karen J. Campbell, and Miaobing Zheng. "Longitudinal analysis of growth trajectories in young children of Chinese-born immigrant mothers compared with Australian-born mothers living in Victoria, Australia." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e041148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041148.
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BackgroundChinese immigrants are the third largest immigrant group in Australia. Little is known about growth trajectories of their offspring when moving to a Western country. The aim was to describe the growth trajectories between birth to 3.5 years in children of Chinese-born immigrant mothers compared with Australian-born mothers living in Victoria, Australia.MethodsTen nurse measured weights and lengths from birth to 3.5 years were used to examine growth trajectory using linear spline multilevel models. Five knot points were identified at visit 2 (0.5 months), visit 4 (2 months), visit 5 (4.5 months), visit 8 (18 months) and visit 9 (25 months).ResultsEthnic disparities in growth trajectories between these two groups were revealed in models adjusted for birth weight, sex and level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Children of Chinese-born compared with Australian-born mothers revealed different growth rates and significant differences in predicted mean body mass index Z score (zBMI) at all time points from birth to 44 months, except for 12 months. Specifically, when compared with children of Australian-born mothers, children of Chinese-born mothers started with lower predicted zBMI from birth until 0.5 months, had a higher zBMI from 1 to 8 months and a lower zBMI from 12 to 44 months. Early and sharp acceleration of growth was also observed for children of Chinese-born mothers (0.5–2 months) when compared with children of Australian-born mothers (2–18 months).ConclusionDifferences in growth trajectories exist between young children of Chinese-born and Australian-born mothers. Better understanding of these ethnically patterned growth trajectories is important for identifying key opportunities to promote healthy growth in early life.
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Wang, Yining. "“Cross Is Fix”: Christianity and Christian Community as Vehicles for Overcoming Settlement Crises of Chinese Immigrant Families." Religions 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13020119.
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Mainland Chinese grow up in a nation with Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism as their cultural heritage, and are educated with atheism, materialism, and scientism in contemporary China. However, the high rate of conversion to Christianity among Chinese immigrants in Anglo-Saxon countries constitutes a distinctive feature in studies of migration. This paper aims to investigate the reasons for becoming Christian and the development of spirituality of a group of first-generation Chinese Australians from mainland China. All the seven participants are highly educated women who migrated to Australia as adults and had young children at the time of conversion. Data were collected mainly through open-ended in-depth interviews, and triangulated with private conversations, observations, and WeChat messaging. This ethnographic qualitative research found that these immigrants’ Christian attempts were prominently triggered by settlement crisis as new immigrants and as immigrant parents. They see Christianity and church community as a strong vehicle to resolve integration difficulties in a new society, such as economic and career insecurities, social isolation, language barriers, marital crises, and parenting dilemmas. Their Christian movement is facilitated by identified ideological congruence but hindered by cultural conflicts between their newly acquired Christian doctrines and their previously instructed values. The findings have implications for immigrant families, secular institutions, and religious organizations, as to the psychosocial well-being of new migrants.
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Shen, Amanda Yang, and Frank Lin. "Complications of polyacrylamide gel filler in the Asian-Australian population." Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v2i1.85.
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Polyacrylamide gel (PAAG), known as Aquamid® (Contura Limited, London, United Kingdom, EC4A 1LB) in Australia, is a hydrophilic, non-toxic substance introduced in the 1970s as a soft tissue filler. Banned in the late 1990s due to concerns regarding side effects such as breast cancer and glandular atrophy, there is currently no published data regarding PAAG fillers in the Australian literature. Given the increasing population of Chinese immigrants to Australia, complications will likely be seen more frequently within our healthcare system in the coming decades. This case series highlights two case in Australia with discussion of symptoms, signs and best-practice management.
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潘淑滿, 潘淑滿, 鄭期緯 鄭期緯, 黃筱芸 黃筱芸, and 楊榮宗 楊榮宗. "跨境遷移下的家庭與工作共容：以澳洲泛華裔女性移民為例." 社會工作與社會福利學刊 1, no. 1 (December 2023): 33–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/295861272022120001002.
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研究目的泛華裔女性移民跨境遷移，依然受到傳統家族主義影響，在家庭與工作中擺盪與尋求平衡。本研究探討來自不同國家、不同移民類型、在家庭生命週期不同階段的泛華裔女性移民，移居澳洲後，面對家庭－工作衝突的因應及其家庭性別權力關係。 研究方法透過深度訪談法，在澳洲墨爾本訪問20位，來自台灣、香港、中國已婚女性移民，並運用主題分析法進行資料分析。 研究結果受訪者的家庭－工作共容及其策略運用，受到家庭生命週期階段及傳統與澳洲文化交織影響，透過「三角」、「四角」協商，歸納三種「階段」因應模式，而次文化團體存在「同中存異」現象。次文化團體同樣受到傳統文化影響家庭－工作共容策略，而「面子文化」與「家族主義」對於中國受訪者的「婚姻關係」與「做生意」有較多影響。澳洲是多元文化國家，教育與勞動制度設計仍未考量移民家庭需要，反而強化移民家庭內部的性別不平等。泛華裔女性移民的家庭－工作共容策略，在不同家庭生命週期階段，受到傳統家庭主義與性別文化交織影響個人到家族內外系統的協商，形成三種動態的階段因應模式。 研究建議本研究結果不僅具時代意義，亦可提供多元文化社會、移民政策、家庭社會工作實務的參考。Research Purpose: Chinese female immigrants, influenced by traditional Confucian familism, are often found to juggle between work and family, trying to seek a balance during the processes of migration and settlement. The purpose of this research was to explore the coping strategies for family-work conflict and the gender-family power relationship among Chinese female immigrants who are from different places, migrated under different types of Visa, and were in the different stages of the family life. Method: This research adopted qualitative design, using thematic analysis method. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with married, female immigrants from Taiwan (6 people), Hong Kong (5 people), and China (9 people) in Melbourne, Australia. Each in-depth interview took about 1.5 to 2 hours. The in-depth interview outline included: (1) participants’ migration status and post-migration life experiences; (2) post-migration work experiences, reconciliation of work and family life, and negotiating with the family; (3) the role of informal support system plays in work and family arrangements. Participants are aged between 37 and 62 years old, and the majority (16 people) holds a bachelor’s degree or higher qualifications. They came to Australia under various types of immigration visa, including, skilled immigrants (7 people), investment immigrants (4 people), spouses of international marriage (4 people), and international students (5 people). This research complies with research ethics and had been approved by a university research ethics committee (approval numbers 201705HS024). Results: The family life cycle of female immigrants in this research can be divided into four stages, including childless adults, post-migration childbearing, preschool-age children, and school-age children. For participants who never had a child, it’s evident that they didn’t experience conflict between work and family, and their work experiences were impacted by their individual social capital. Participants who had a child right after migration experienced greater challenges in work and family conflict due to lack of preparedness and adjustment. For participants who had preschool-age children at the time of migration, the majority chose to leave the job and focused on childcare. Some participants who had school-age children re-entered the workplace; however they still took childcare and household duties into consideration. is research found that reconciliation of work and family is subject to the stages of the family life cycle and determined by Chinese-speaking female immigrants’ negotiation with their husbands, informal support system (eg. extended family members), and formal support system (eg. paid childcare and parenting leave). Through the three- or four-party negotiation, three types of “stage” coping mode were adopted by participants. Female immigrant participants who adopted one-stage coping mode (short or no break in employment) were more likely to use both formal and informal resources to provide care and support to the family. They often have more equal gender division of labor in family. For participants who used two- or three-stage coping modes (not return to work or re-enter the workforce after a long break), there was a lack of family negotiation, and their male spouses were often absent from housework duties or childcare. This reached also found that Chinese-speaking female immigrants’ coping strategies were not differentiated by their places of origin. However, there were some differences within these three subcultural groups due to their informal support resources and employment experiences. This research found that participants from Taiwan and Hong Kong tend to negotiate with their husbands, while those from China were inclined to connect cross-broader resources (informal support from the extended family) to achieve family goals and personal development. This research also found that the influence of “Face culture” and “Familism” has the stronger impact on martial relationship and the choice of business investment among participants from China. Conclusion: Even though Australia is a multicultural society, this research suggested that gender inequality can be reinforced by Australian education systems and labor markets, due to its lacking consideration of the needs of immigrant family. This research, by focusing on the work and family compatibility of three Chines-speaking female communities, contributes to a better understanding of different “stage” coping modes of female immigrants. The findings of this research also provide implications for multicultural society, immigration policy, and family social work practice. Suggestion: 1.Australia and Taiwan have very different employment systems and labor markets. For people who plan to immigrate to Australia, it is a necessity that they understand local labor markets and skills required and prepare themselves for reskilling or upskilling if needed. This transition requires financial support and good mentality. 2.Taiwan is gradually becoming a multicultural society. Families from diverse cultural backgrounds bring new challenges to social work practice. When providing support to families with diverse cultural backgrounds, social workers need to be aware of challenges and needs of families have when they are in the different stages of the family life cycle. 3.The government shall actively develop a diversified and flexible immigration policy to attract professionals and skilled immigrants or encourage the international students staying in Taiwan after graduation. For immigrant family members, the government shall provide free Chinese learning courses via multiple learning channels. By organizing multicultural events and school activities, immigrant and local families can have a better understanding towards each other’s cultures and further reduce social barriers.
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Butow, Phyllis Noemi, Lynley Aldridge, Melanie Bell, Ming Sze, Maurice Eisenbruch, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Penelope Schofield, Priya Duggal-Beri, and David Goldstein. "Cancer survivorship outcomes in immigrants." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6111.
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6111 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. Cancer survivorship is now recognised as a period of difficult adjustment for all patients, and possibly more so for immigrants. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer survivors. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer survivors were recruited through the New South Wales, Queensland and Victorian Cancer Registries in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grandparents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer 1-3 years previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/ depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Outcomes were compared between AA and IM groups in adjusted regression models that included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis and cancer type (prostate, colorectal, breast and other). Results: There were 599 participants (response rate 41%). Consent was unrelated to demographic and disease variables. AA and IM groups were similar except that immigrants had higher proportions in the low and highly educated groups (p < 0.0001), and higher socioeconomic status (p = 0.0003). In adjusted analyses (see table), IMs had clinically significant higher depression (possible range 0-21), greater unmet information and physical needs, and lower quality of life than AAs. The possible range for the latter three is 0-100. Conclusions: Immigrants experience poorer outcomes in cancer survivorship, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic and disease differences. Interventions are required to improve their adjustment after cancer. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regard to provision of information and support. [Table: see text]
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Tan, Joanne, Lynn Ward, and Tahereh Ziaian. "Experiences of Chinese Immigrants and Anglo-Australians Ageing in Australia." Journal of Health Psychology 15, no. 5 (July 2010): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368183.
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This study explored the life experiences and views on successful ageing of older Australians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants consisting of 10 Chinese-Australians and 11 Anglo-Australians, aged 55 to 78 years. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results revealed that both groups associated successful ageing with health and personal responsibility. Anglo-Australians regarded growing old gracefully and acceptance as important aspects of successful ageing, whereas Chinese-Australians valued financial security and an active lifestyle. The research highlights that a cross-cultural perspective is imperative for service delivery and policy development to promote the health and well-being of older Australians.
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Xiong, Xueying, and Hoon Han. "Will my parents come to Australia when retired? Later-life transnational migration intentions of Chinese parents." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i2.68.
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Background China is the second largest source country of immigrants to Australia every year. The elderly parents of these working-age immigrants in Australia usually visit their children on a tourist visa, which allows short term family gatherings. These visits do not require much effort. However, when it comes to long-term transnational migration, the decision becomes hard to make and often involves complex factors, such as personal preferences and lifestyle choices.
Aims This paper aims to examine the later-life transnational migration intentions of elderly Chinese parents and how the parents’ intentions are affected by personal preferences, personality and lifestyle differences between the generations.
Data and methods This paper uses data from a two-stage study including an online survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in Sydney from October 2018 to May 2019 with both caregivers (adult children who are first-generation immigrants living in Australia) and their elderly parents.
Results The study found that external contributors such as language barriers and transport dependence in Australia, and existing social ties as well as another adult child living in China, have a negative influence on moving to Australia.
Conclusions Elderly parents with an optimistic and outgoing personality are more likely to consider moving to Australia compared to those who are more conservative. Foremost, conflicts due to different lifestyles between the generations reduces the possibility of parents’ later-life migration to Australia.
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Siegel, Jeff. "Chinese Pidgin English in Southeastern Australia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 306–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.2.04sie.
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More than 38,000 Chinese came to Australia to prospect for gold in the second half of the 19th century. Most of them originated from the Canton region of China (now Guangdong), where Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) was an important trading language. This article describes a recently discovered source that throws light on the nature of CPE used in Australia during that period — a 70 page notebook written in a form of English by a Chinese gold miner, Jong Ah Siug. The article presents some background information about Chinese immigrants in the region where Jong worked (Victoria), and evidence that some CPE was spoken there. It goes on to describe Jong’s notebook and the circumstances that led to him writing it. The main part of the article examines the linguistic features of CPE and other pidgins that are present in the notebook, and discusses other lexical and morphosyntactic features of the text. Some features are typical only of CPE, such as the use of my as the first person pronoun. On the other hand, some features are more characteristic of Australian or Pacific pidgins — for example, the use of belong in possessive constructions. Still other features have not been recorded for any pidgin, such as the use of been as a locative copula. The analysis shows that Jong’s text contains a mixture of features from CPE and other pidgins, as well as features of interlanguage, including some resulting from functional transfer from Jong’s first language, Cantonese.
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Welch, Ian. "Our Neighbors but Not Our Countrymen.: Christianity and the Chinese in Nineteenth-Century Victoria (Australia) and California." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 13, no. 1-2 (2006): 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656106793645204.
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AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the United States of America and the British colonies of settlement in Australia shared the experience of gold rushes and the arrival of large numbers of immigrants including the Chinese. In both countries, the long-term impact of European imperialist expansion from the sixteenth century and the Anglo-Saxon dominance of the nineteenth-century world was inseparable from a wealth of explanatory theories about ethnicity in which culture, religion, and race contributed to a major (if unsubstantiated) corpus of evidence shared by the Anglo-Americans. The discovery of gold in 1847 in California (Gum San, Chin Shan—Gold Mountain) was followed by the 1854 gold rush to Victoria, Australia (Dai Gum San, Hsin Chin Shan—New Gold Mountain). The similarity of names indicates how close the connection was in Chinese minds at the time. This paper discusses one little-known aspect of the triangular relationship between China, America, and Australia during the second half of the nineteenth century—attempts by Protestant Christians to evangelize the Chinese immigrants.
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Leung, Cynthia. "Factors Related to the Mental Health of Elderly Chinese Immigrants in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02026.
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The present study aimed to examine the factors related to the mental health of elderly Chinese-Australians. Using the framework of Berry (1997), the study examined how individual variables such as social support, length of time in Australia, English competency, self-efficacy and sense of personal control were related to the life satisfaction of elderly Chinese-Australians. The participants consisted of 157 elderly Chinese male and female immigrants (aged 50 or above) recruited through various community groups. Participants completed a questionnaire with several scales on the above issues, and a section on demographic information. The results indicated that life satisfaction was related to age, age at migration, English proficiency, locus of control, social support, and self-efficacy. Implications for service provision were also discussed.
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Lee, Sarah D., Nicole J. Kellow, Catherine E. Huggins, and Tammie S. T. Choi. "How and Why Diets Change Post-Migration: A Qualitative Exploration of Dietary Acculturation among Recent Chinese Immigrants in Australia." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 3573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173573.
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Chinese immigrants living in Western countries are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Dietary acculturation has been implicated as a potential contributor, but little is known about why diets change post-migration. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore how and why diets change post-migration for Chinese immigrants living in Australia. Eleven participants undertook semi-structured interviews exploring and comparing their diets when they lived in China to their post-migration diets. Thematic analysis revealed that participants exhibited changed social structures of meal preparation, and made unacknowledged dietary changes, such as recipe modification, to maintain their traditional Chinese diet post-migration. Implications of both deliberate and unrecognized dietary changes post-migration include connections to increased risk for metabolic disease post-migration.
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Zhang, Ling, Sherrie Chung, Wendan Shi, Dion Candelaria, and Robyn Gallagher. "Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviours and eHealth Literacy among First-Generation Chinese Immigrants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043474.
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Due to linguistic and cultural barriers, immigrants often have limited access to health information. Online health information is popular and accessible, but quality is questionable and its benefits dependent on an individual’s eHealth literacy. This study examined online health information-seeking behaviours, eHealth literacy and its predictors among first-generation Chinese immigrants. A sample of 356 Chinese immigrants living in Australia completed an anonymous paper-based survey, including sociodemographic, clinical data, English proficiency, health literacy, online health information-seeking behaviours, and eHealth literacy. Linear regression models analyzed predictive factors of eHealth literacy. Participants were aged mean 59.3 years, female (68.3%), 53.1% completed university, and their English proficiency was rated fair/poor by 75.1%. Participants perceived online health information as useful (61.6%) and important (56.2%) to their health. Health information accessed was often related to lifestyle (61.2%), health resources (44.9%), diseases (36.0%), and medications (30.9%). Inadequate health literacy and eHealth literacy occurred in 48.3% and 44.9%, respectively. Age, number of technological devices used, education, and health status were independently associated with eHealth literacy. While most Chinese immigrants used online health information, many had inadequate eHealth literacy. Healthcare authorities and providers should support older immigrants, those with lower education and poorer health, and those less engaged with technology in online health information use by providing culturally and linguistically appropriate information, directing immigrants to credible websites, and involving them in health material development processes.
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Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora, and Chih-Hsiang Sean Yang. "Learning to be Australian: Adaptation and Identity Formation of Young Taiwanese-Chinese Immigrants in Melbourne, Australia." Pacific Affairs 81, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2008812241.
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Gao, Jia. "Seeking Residency from the Courts: The Chinese Experience in the Post-White Australia Era." Journal of Chinese Overseas 7, no. 2 (2011): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325411x595404.
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Abstract In 1974 Australia officially abandoned its “White Australia” policy. Since then hundreds of thousands of Chinese have migrated to the country, first from Southeast Asian countries, then from Vietnam, Hong Kong and Taiwan before direct immigration from China resumed in the mid-1980s. Lately, Australia has placed more emphasis on admitting skilled and business migrants, but has still maintained an annual intake of tens of thousands of Chinese, making China the third largest source of overseas-born Australians. Many believe that the Chinese have come to Australia under its normal migration program, such as the skilled, business or family programs thus overlooking the fact that a high proportion of them have obtained their residency in Australia either directly or indirectly only after having gone through Court battles. This paper seeks to examine how many of the Chinese have fought for residency in the courts, and to outline the characteristics of their experience in the post-White Australia era. It aims to provide an analysis of the complex dimensions of global migration and transnational politics where certain aspects of socio-political life and politics of the immigrants’ home country have conflicted with the immigration policies and procedures of their receiving country and gradually become part of the politics of the host country.
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White, Lesley, and Christiane Klinner. "Medicine use of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants and attitudes to home medicines review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 1 (2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10099.
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There is a paucity of research into the perceptions of elderly Australian ethnic minorities towards public health services related to quality use of medicines. Among the six fastest growing ethnic groups in Australia, the Mandarin-speaking Chinese and Vietnamese constitute the largest elderly populations with poor English skills. This paper investigates the relationships of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese migrants with medicines, general practitioners and pharmacists, and how these relationships influence their awareness and attitudes of the home medicines review (HMR) program. Two semi-structured focus groups were held with a total of 17 HMR-eligible patients who have never received a HMR, one with Chinese and one with Vietnamese respondents, each in the respective community language. Confusion about medications and an intention to have a HMR were pronounced among all participants although none of them had heard of the program before participating in the focus groups. Respondents reported difficulties locating a pharmacist who spoke their native language, which contributed to an increased unmet need for medicine information. The Chinese group additionally complained about a lack of support from their general practitioners in relation to their medicine concerns and was adamant that they would prefer to have a HMR without the involvement of their general practitioner. Our results indicate a distinct HMR need but not use among elderly Chinese and Vietnamese eligible patients with poor English skills. Home medicines review service use and perceived medication problems are likely to improve with an increasing availability of bilingual and culturally sensitive health care providers.
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Peng, Fanke, and Na Zhao*. "Intercultural Study of Older Chinese Immigrants’ Social Connection and Active Ageing in Australia." Fashion Practice 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2021.1872903.
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Cooke, Fang Lee, Jiaying Zhang, and Jue Wang. "Chinese professional immigrants in Australia: a gendered pattern in (re)building their careers." International Journal of Human Resource Management 24, no. 13 (July 2013): 2628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.750615.
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Metraux, Daniel A. "Soka Gakkai in Australia." Nova Religio 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.57.
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Japan's Soka Gakkai International (SGI) has established a small but growing chapter in Australia that in 2002 had about 2,500 members nationwide. Since its founding in the mid-1960s, SGI Australia (SGIA) has evolved into a highly heterogeneous movement dominated by ethnic Asians, of which a large number are Chinese from Southeast Asia. SGIA's appeal is both social and religious. A key factor for SGIA's growth is its emphasis on the concept of community. The fast pace of life, constant movement of people, and a sizeable growth of immigrants have created a sense of rootlessness among many Australians. SGIA's tradition of forming small chapters whose members often meet in each other's homes or community centers creates a tightly bonded group. SGIA members find their movement's form of Buddhism appealing because it is said to give them a greater sense of confidence and self-empowerment, permitting them to manage their own lives in a more creative manner.
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Chen, Li, and John Ryan. "Abalone in Diasporic Chinese Culture: The Transformation of Biocultural Traditions through Engagement with the Western Australian Environment." Heritage 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1010009.
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In October 2017, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development of Western Australia (WA) promulgated a new regulation on recreational abalone harvesting. A notable change was that, from 2017 on, the annual fishing season in the West Coast Zone was reduced to four days, from every December on Saturdays only. During the last decade, WA’s abalone fishing regulations have been overhauled frequently because of depleting local stocks. Worldwide, the marine heatwave resulting from climate change and illegal overfishing are considered the two principal reasons for abalone’s decline. Today, the highly lucrative abalone market has attracted more participants in recreational fishing in Perth, WA. Based on Asian natural heritage traditions and employing a multispecies sensory ethnographic methodology, this article provides an in-depth case study of the interaction between the local Chinese diaspora and the environment as represented in abalone harvesting practices. Between 2014 and 2016, the authors conducted one-on-one and focus group interviews with Chinese immigrants to Perth, WA, and also participated in abalone harvesting. The analysis reveals a suite of environmental influences on local Chinese diasporic life through heterogeneous forms of interaction between abalone and Perth-area Chinese immigrants.
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Forbes-Mewett, Helen, Gil-Soo Han, and Wilfred Yang Wang. "Together Here, Now and Forever: Chinese Immigrants’ Belonging in Australia, Family, Ethnicity and Memorialisation." Journal of Intercultural Studies 41, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2020.1751599.
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Lo, Meihan, and Cherry Russell. "Family care: An exploratory study of experience and expectations among older Chinese immigrants in Australia." Contemporary Nurse 25, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.2007.25.1-2.31.
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Bashford, Alison, and Jane McAdam. "The Right to Asylum: Britain's 1905 Aliens Act and the Evolution of Refugee Law." Law and History Review 32, no. 2 (May 2014): 309–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000029.
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From the 1880s, states and self-governing colonies in North and South America, across Australasia, and in southern Africa began introducing laws to regulate the entry of newly defined “undesirable immigrants.” This was a trend that intensified exclusionary powers originally passed in the 1850s to regulate Chinese migration, initially in the context of the gold rushes in California and the self-governing colony of Victoria in Australia. The entry and movement of other populations also began to be regulated toward the end of the century, in particular the increasing number of certain Europeans migrating to the United States. It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that Britain followed this legal trend with the introduction of the 1905 Aliens Act, although it was a latecomer when situated in the global context, and certainly within the context of its own Empire. The Aliens Act was passed in response to the persecution of Eastern European Jews and their forced migration, mainly from the Russian Empire into Britain. It defined for the first time in British law the notion of the “undesirable immigrant,” criteria to exclude would-be immigrants, and exemptions from those exclusions. The Aliens Act has been analyzed by historians and legal scholars as an aspect of the history of British immigration law on the one hand, and of British Jewry and British anti-Semitism on the other. Exclusion based on ethnic and religious grounds has dominated both analyses. Thus, the Act has been framed as the major antecedent to Britain's more substantial and enduring legislative moves in the 1960s to restrict entry, regulate borders, and nominate and identify “undesirable” entrants effectively (if not explicitly) on racial grounds.
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Koo, Fung Kuen. "A Case Study on the Perception of Aging and Participation in Physical Activities of Older Chinese Immigrants in Australia." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 19, no. 4 (October 2011): 388–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.19.4.388.
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This qualitative study explores how older Hong Kong Chinese Australians perceive aging and to what extent this perception affects their participation in physical activities. The main methods used were in-depth interviews with 22 participants ranging in age from 60 to 91 years. Interviews were translated from Chinese (Cantonese) and transcribed into English. Content analysis was used to find recurring themes from the interview data. The main findings indicate that the perception of aging is to some extent influenced by culture. Some participants defined aging as being measured in years, and others defined it by the state of one’s physical health, appearance, and capacity to continue fulfilling one’s social roles. These perceptions strongly influenced their preferences for and participation in physical activities. Acknowledging the fact that Chinese-speaking people are not culturally homogeneous, this article makes some recommendations to health service providers with regard to the development of appropriate physical activity programs.
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Goldstein, David, Ming Sze, Melanie Bell, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Maurice Eisenbruch, Afaf Girgis, Lisa Vaccaro, and Phyllis Noemi Butow. "Disparities in quality-of-life outcomes in immigrant cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16507-e16507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16507.
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e16507 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer patients having anti-cancer treatment. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer patients were recruited through outpatient Oncology clinics in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Northern Territory in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grand parents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer < 1 year previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Adjusted regression models comparing AA and IM groups included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis, and cancer type (colorectal, breast, lung, other). Results: There were 910 participants (response rate 57%). IM were similar to AA, except that IM were more likely to be married (76 vs 67 %, p = 0.01) and in the low and the highly educated groups (p < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses, IMs had clinically significant higher anxiety, greater unmet information and physical needs and lower quality of life than AAs (see table). The possible ranges are 0-21 for anxiety and depression, and 0-100 otherwise. Conclusions: In this hospital-based study with a high rate of advanced disease, immigrants with cancer experienced poorer quality of life outcomes, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic, and disease variables. Interventions are required to improve their experience of cancer care. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regards to provision of information and meeting support and physical needs). [Table: see text]
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Jin, K., L. Neubeck, J. Gullick, F. Koo, and D. Ding. "Acculturation is Associated with Higher Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Chinese Immigrants in Australia: Evidence from a Large Australian Cohort." Heart, Lung and Circulation 26 (2017): S48—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.012.
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Li, Yao-Tai. "Maintaining transnational ties and the convertibility of working holiday makers’ experiences in Australia." Current Sociology 68, no. 3 (November 12, 2018): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118811003.
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Migration studies have investigated the complex relationship between transnational ties and integration among long-term immigrants. However, discussions about temporary migrant motives for maintaining transnational ties remain under-explored. Focusing on how Chinese Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) see integration and the ‘convertibility’ of temporary experiences in Australia, this article highlights that temporary migrants are not just concerned with achieving integration in the present but also better chances in the future. Such concerns are oriented toward both receiving and home countries. To be specific, WHMs consciously maintain transnational ties to sustain their integration processes or in the event of a return home. Meanwhile, they try to stay in their host countries in order to allay the stigmas attached to them and to address other cultural concerns (such as saving ‘face’). Because they may return to their home countries, they accumulate socio-cultural capital (e.g., English proficiency and overseas experience) while in Australia that they hope to employ in the future.
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Zhang, Guicheng, Kui Wang, Ennee Schultz, Siew-Kim Khoo, Xiaopeng Zhang, Alicia Annamalay, Ingrid A. Laing, Belinda J. Hales, Jack Goldblatt, and Peter N. Le Souëf. "Western environment/lifestyle is associated with increased genome methylation and decreased gene expression in Chinese immigrants living in Australia." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 57, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.21989.
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Eh, Kexin, Margaret McGill, Jencia Wong, and Ines Krass. "Cultural issues and other factors that affect self-management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) by Chinese immigrants in Australia." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 119 (September 2016): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.07.006.
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Kwok, Harley H. Y., Joesph Low, Delan Devakumar, and Bridget Candy. "Experience and perspectives on palliative or end-of-life care of Chinese people and their families as immigrants to high-income countries: a systematic review and thematic synthesis." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003232.
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BackgroundA sizeable cohort of Chinese migrants in high-income non-Asian countries is reaching old age and many will develop life-limiting illnesses. They may benefit from palliative care, which is integrated into universal health coverage in many of these countries, but the uptake of this care among migrant communities remains low. Cultural differences between the Chinese and the host community, and poor language skills may be barriers to access, yet understanding the reasons hindering uptake are obscure.AimsTo understand the cultural perspective of how first generation Chinese migrants and their families perceive the provision of palliative care, to identify what exists which may limit their access in high-income non-Asian countries.DesignA systematic review and three-stage thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Citations and full texts were reviewed against predefined inclusion criteria. All included studies were appraised for quality.Data sourceMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched to July 2019.ResultsSeven qualitative studies were identified (from USA, UK, Canada and Australia). Across the studies analytical themes that impacted on the use of palliative care services were identified: (1) migrants’ intrinsic perceptions of cultural practices, (2) their expectations of and preparation for care at the end of life, (3) perspectives and influences of family and (4) knowledge and communication with palliative care providers in the host country. Key elements found that challenge access to palliative care services in the host countries were: Chinese culture is rooted in the core values of the family as opposed to the individual; migrants’ limited experience in their place of origin in accessing healthcare; and practical issues including a lack of language skills of their host country.ConclusionsPalliative care services do not always match the needs of Chinese migrants in non-Asian high-income countries. Engagement and education on multiethnic cultural awareness in both the host non-migrant and the migrant communities is needed.
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Jin, Kai, Janice Gullick, Lis Neubeck, Fung Koo, and Ding Ding. "Acculturation is associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk-factors among Chinese immigrants in Australia: Evidence from a large population-based cohort." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 24, no. 18 (October 24, 2017): 2000–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487317736828.
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Salem, Saber. "China." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v2i4.51.
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In recent years, China has been steadily expanding its non-military footprint in the Pacific region in an unprecedented manner. The multi-dimensional expansion of Chinese presence in the Pacific has arguably, made the region a microcosm of power politics amongst regional and established powers. Part of the explanation for the Chinese fastpace growth in the Blue Pacific is the presence of the Taiwanese who have been one of the biggest providers of aid for diplomatic recognition. The aid-dependent Pacific Island Countries (PICs) by being active creators of the Sino-Taiwan chequebook diplomacy have time and again switched their diplomatic allegiance in order to secure more foreign aid for their social development and economic growth. Despite such an “unreliable” behaviour, Beijing has widened and deepened its presence in the region by providing concessional loans with “no strings attached.” The latter element has been conveniently alluring to all the PICs so much so that they have borrowed more than 50 percent of their GDP from China. This has alarmed the traditional donors such as US, Japan and Australia which are revisiting their policies and re-engaging in the Pacific politics actively, all aimed at preventing the Island nations sinking in Chinese debt and consequently losing their strategic leverage to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As for Taipei, it had managed to ally itself with six PICs in return for provision of foreign aid and foreign direct investments. However, in September 2019, two of its diplomatic allies ditched it in favour of Beijing. There has also been a paradigm shift in Beijing’s earlier policy vis-à-vis the PICs. In the past, PRC would not allocate aid to Taiwan’s (ROC) allies, however, after a shift in policy, ROC’s diplomatic allies currently get more aid from Beijing than from Taipei. The other worrying factor for the local population is a steady growth of the Chinese diaspora. Despite anti-Chinese riots in many countries, the new wave of Chinese immigrants do not seem deterred by the negative repercussion of their presence in the region. These Chinese new arrivals invest heavily in real estate in a bid to legitimise their presence in the island nations. This development has caused massive trepidation among regional powers, as they believe, would pave the way for Chinese military presence in the region under a legitimate claim to protect its overseas nationals.
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Sheppard, Jill, Marija Taflaga, and Liang Jiang. "Explaining high rates of political participation among Chinese migrants to Australia." International Political Science Review 41, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119834623.
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Studies of political participation regularly observe the underrepresentation of immigrant citizens and ethnic minorities. In contrast, evidence from Australia suggests that immigrant Australians are overrepresented in certain forms of participation, including donating money and working for a party or candidate. Drawing on major theories of ethnic political participation (including socialisation, recruitment and clientelism), this study uses 2013 Australian Election Study data to show that China-born migrants to Australia participate at higher rates than native-born and other migrant citizens. The study finds support for two explanatory theories: (a) that contributions of money by recently-arrived migrants are an aspect of clientelist relationships between migrants and legislators; and (b) that political interest in and knowledge of the host country’s political system are not necessary, and indeed perhaps even depress participation among newly-arrived migrants. These findings suggest an under-explored vein of transactional politics within established democratic systems.
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Shen, Chunxuan, and Wenying Jiang. "Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes, Expectations and Practices regarding Their Children’s Chinese Language Maintenance." Heritage Language Journal 19, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-12340023.
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Abstract This study investigates the attitudes, expectations and reported practices of Chinese immigrant parents with respect to their children’s Chinese language maintenance in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 30 parents. The study found that these parents unanimously agreed on the benefits of maintaining the Chinese language for their children. However, their positive attitudes were neither fully reflected in their expectations nor enacted in their practices. Parental expectations of their children’s Chinese proficiency were not very high, with only four parents hoping that their children would acquire both oracy and literacy in Chinese. Home practices of cultivating Chinese literacy were largely lacking. Our findings suggest that future improvement of Chinese LOTE programs in Australian schools would induce Chinese parents to make more effort in promoting heritage language practices among their children, particularly literacy-related language practices at home.
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Fan, Cynthia. "Family Relationship, Stress Level, and Academic Achievement of Chinese Immigrant Girls in Australia." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 13, no. 2 (November 1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027528.
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AbstractThe adjustment of Chinese adolescent immigrant girls in Australia was the focus of this study. Specifically, stress level, parent-child conflict, and academic achievement of these girls were examined in the light of factors such as length of residence in Australia, country of origin, and ethnic identification. A questionnaire administered to 99 Chinese immigrant girls attending Melbourne high schools showed that adjustment was related to degree of Chinese identification, length of residence in Australia, and countries of origin. Length of residence in Australia was related to academic achievement. Degree of Chinese identification was related to stress level and parent-child conflict. Auspices of immigration were related to both academic achievement and stress level. The study suggests that Chinese immigrant girls are not a homogeneous group and, therefore, that service providers must be responsive to the needs of diflerent groups.
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Min, Pyong Gap. "Ginseng and Aspirin: Health Care Alternatives for Aging Chinese in New York; The Culture of Health: Asian Communities in the United States; Health and Medicine under Capitalism: Korean Immigrants in Australia." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 15, no. 2 (June 2001): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.2001.15.2.273.
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