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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese influence in Samoa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Baker, Philip. "Historical Developments in Chinese Pidgin English and the Nature of the Relationships Between the Various Pidgin Englishes of the Pacific Region." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 163–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.2.04bak.

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The development of pronouns, copulas, and other key features of Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) is traced from 1743 onwards. Major grammatical and lexical changes in the early 19th century are found to coincide with the period when foreigners were increasingly allowed to reside in Canton instead of merely being tolerated as transient visitors. The resulting continuity of interaction between Chinese and non-Chinese is seen as the catalyst for these developments in CPE. First attestations of 34 key features in CPE are compared with their earliest occurrence (if any) in more than a dozen Pacific varieties of Pidgin English (PPE). It is shown that none of the latter can possibly be a "direct descendant" of CPE. While four features exclusively shared by CPE and PPE indicate a modest degree of CPE influence on PPE, it is suggested that three key features of PPE, found only sporadically and/or tardily in CPE, provide evidence of some hitherto unsuspected influence of PPE on CPE. In the course of the above it is noted that most of the CPE features which also occur in three or more varieties of PPE have their earliest PPE attestation in New South Wales, the only Pacific territory in which there was continuity of interaction (in this case between Aborigines and whites) from the outset, and it is claimed that this social circumstance favors both the expansion and stabilization of a pidgin. Data from early Australian Pidgin English are presented showing that it includes the earliest known attestations of a number of features generally associated with PPE of the islands of the Southwest Pacific. This leads to the claim that New South Wales Pidgin English was a far more important influence on the PPE of those islands than what has often been termed "South Sea Jargon." After reviewing the linguistic implications of the labor trade which took many Pacific islanders to work on plantations in Queensland, Samoa, and elsewhere, it is claimed that the interrelationships between the many varieties of Pidgin English spoken, currently or formerly, in the vast area from China to Hawaii to the Marquesas to Australia and back to China cannot adequately be represented by means of "family tree" type diagrams.

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2

Sulifoa, J. B., M. J. Furlong, and R. Kant. "Oviposition strategies of large cabbage moth (Crocidolomia pavonana) on Chinese cabbage." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5937.

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Crocidolomia pavonana F (Lepidoptera Crambidae) is an important pest of brassica crops in Samoa and in other countries in the South Pacific This study investigated the oviposition behaviour of C pavonana on Chinese cabbage in Samoa This research was carried out in field and laboratory experiments at the University of South Pacific Samoa The study showed that female C pavonana oviposited more days Linear regression analysis showed that egg mass size decreased as females aged Younger females (ca 2dayold) laid up to 141 eggs per egg mass whereas older females (ca 30daysold) laid up to 3 eggs per egg mass Females deposited >92 of their eggs on the lower surface of the leaf Most eggs were found near the midrib The eggs were also laid near the petiole (67) compared to the central or top (33) parts of the leaf Only a few eggs were oviposited on the petiole or the stem of the plant

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3

Blume, Kenneth J. "Preparing the South Pacific for U.S. Influence: The uss Narragansett in Samoa, 1872." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 27, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02701002.

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This article explores the diplomatic negotiations that U.S. Navy Commander Richard W. Meade conducted in Samoa in 1872. The resulting agreement that came to be known as “the Meade Treaty” was the first the United States negotiated with Samoa, but scholars usually have not explored the details of it and the process that produced it because the U.S. Senate rejected the treaty. Meade’s motivations and actions in Samoa provide a case study in how the interactions of naval officers, business leaders, islanders, and diplomats converged to produce early U.S. diplomacy in the Pacific. The article sketches the situation in Samoa in 1872 when Commander Meade and his ship, the uss Narragansett, arrived. The role of the United States in the Pacific was changing in the last third of the 19th Century, and Commander Meade’s motivations, influences, and actions illustrate the new wave of U.S. Pacific expansion during the years after the American Civil War.

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4

Hayashi, H., K. Kita, and S. Taguchi. "Ozone-enhanced layers in the troposphere over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the influence of transport of midlatitude UT/LS air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 10 (May 19, 2008): 2609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2609-2008.

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Abstract. Occurrence of ozone (O3)-enhanced layers in the troposphere over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and their seasonal variation were investigated based on ozonesonde data obtained at three Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) sites, Watukosek, American Samoa and San Cristobal, for 6 years between 1998 and 2003. O3-enhanced layers were found in about 50% of observed O3 profiles at the three sites. The formation processes of O3-enhanced layers were investigated by meteorological analyses including backward trajectories. On numerous occasions, O3-enhanced layers resulted from the transport of air masses affected by biomass burning. The contribution of this process was about 30% at San Cristobal during the periods from February to March and from August to September, while it was relatively low, about 10%, at Watukosek and Samoa. A significant number of the O3-enhanced layers were attributed to the transport of midlatitude upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere (UT/LS) air. Meteorological analyses indicated that these layers originated from equatorward and downward transport of the midlatitude UT/LS air masses through a narrow region between high- and low-pressure systems around the subtropical jet stream. This process accounted for 50–80% at Watukosek between May and December, about 80% at Samoa on yearly average, and 40–70% at San Cristobal between November and March, indicating that it was important for O3 budget over the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

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5

Hayashi, H., K. Kita, and S. Taguchi. "Ozone-enhanced layers in the troposphere over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the influence of transport of midlatitude UT/LS air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 6 (November 26, 2007): 17179–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-17179-2007.

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Abstract. Occurrence of ozone (O3)-enhanced layers in the troposphere over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and their seasonal variation were investigated based on ozonesonde data obtained at three Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) sites, Watukosek, American Samoa and San Cristobal, for 6 years between 1998 and 2003. O3-enhanced layers were found in about 50% of observed O3 profiles at the three sites on yearly average. The formation processes of O3-enhanced layers were investigated by meteorological analyses including backward trajectories. On numerous occasions, O3-enhanced layers resulted from the transport of air masses affected by biomass burning. The contribution of this process was about 30% at San Cristobal during the periods from February to March and from August to September, while it was relatively low, about 10%, at Watukosek and Samoa. A significant number of the O3-enhanced layers were attributed to the transport of midlatitude upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere (UT/LS) air. Meteorological analyses indicated that these layers originated from equatorward and downward transport of the midlatitude UT/LS air masses through a narrow region between high- and low-pressure systems around the subtropical jet stream. This process accounted for more than 40% at Watukosek between May and December, about 60% or more at Samoa all year around, and about 40% at San Cristobal between November and March, indicating that it was important for O3 budget over the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

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6

Bindon, James R. "The influence of infant feeding patterns on growth of children in American Samoa." Medical Anthropology 9, no. 2 (March 1985): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.1985.9965929.

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7

Siasau, Hau’ofa, and Rashmi Kant. "Parasitism of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella by the solitary parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis in Samoa." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 28, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.324.

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Plutella xylostella is a major pest of crucifier crops in Samoa and other Pacific islands. This pest has developed resistance to most insecticides available in the island nations so the objective of this study was to examine potential biological control options for P. xylostella in Samoa. Existing parasitism of P. xylostella on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subspp.) was investigated at a farm in Alesia and at the USP farm in Alafua, and established populations of Cotesia vestalis were found at both locations. Plutella xylostella larvae turn light yellow and show sluggish behaviour after parasitism, and they could be easily differentiated from unparasitised ones. Developing C. vestalis larvae emerge from their hosts and spin white cocoon around their body. After 5–6 days, a single adult emerges from the C. vestalis cocoon. The average parasitism rate between April 2015 and March 2016 was 10–18% but was significantly higher at the USP farm than the Alesia farm. This result could be because no insecticides were applied to the crops at USP. Parasitism was highest between June and August when the lowest average daily temperatures occur.

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8

Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A., J. Meyer-Arnek, A. Schlemm, and J. P. Burrows. "Influence of stratospheric airmasses on tropospheric vertical O<sub>3</sub> columns based on GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) measurements and backtrajectory calculation over the Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 4 (June 21, 2004): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-903-2004.

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Abstract. Satellite based GOME (Global Ozone Measuring experiment) data are used to characterize the amount of tropospheric ozone over the tropical Pacific. Tropospheric ozone was determined from GOME data using the Tropospheric Excess Method (TEM). In the tropical Pacific a significant seasonal variation is detected. Tropospheric excess ozone is enhanced during the biomass burning season from September to November due to outflow from the continents. In September 1999 GOME data reveal an episode of increased excess ozone columns over Tahiti (18.0° S; 149.0° W) (Eastern Pacific) compared to Am. Samoa (14.23° S; 170.56° W) and Fiji (18.13° S; 178.40° E), both situated in the Western Pacific. Backtrajectory calculations show that none of the airmasses arriving over the three locations experienced anthropogenic pollution (e. g. biomass burning). Consequently other sources of ozone have to be considered. One possible process leading to an increase of tropospheric ozone is stratosphere-troposphere-exchange. An analysis of the potential vorticity along trajectories arriving above each of the locations reveals that airmasses at Tahiti are subject to enhanced stratospheric influence, compared to Am. Samoa and Fiji. As a result this study shows clear incidents of transport of airmasses from the stratosphere into the troposphere.

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9

Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A., J. Meyer-Arnek, A. Schlemm, and J. P. Burrows. "Influence of stratospheric airmasses on tropospheric vertical O<sub>3</sub> columns based on GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) measurements and backtrajectory calculation over the Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 2 (March 19, 2004): 1773–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-1773-2004.

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Abstract. Satellite based GOME (Global Ozone Measuring experiment) data are used to characterize the amount of tropospheric ozone over the tropical Pacific. Tropospheric ozone was determined from GOME data using the Tropospheric Excess Method (TEM). In the tropical Pacific a significant seasonal variation is detected. Tropospheric excess ozone is enhanced during the biomass burning season from September to November due to outflow from the continents. In September 1999 GOME data reveal an episode of increased excess ozone columns over Tahiti (18.0° S; 149.0° W) (Eastern Pacific) compared to Am. Samoa (14.23° S; 170.56° W) and Fiji (18.13° S; 178.40° E), both situated in the Western Pacific. Backtrajectory calculations show that none of the airmasses arriving over the three locations experienced anthropogenic pollution (e.g. biomass burning). Consequently other sources of ozone have to be considered. One possible process leading to an increase of tropospheric ozone is stratosphere-troposphere-exchange. An analysis of the potential vorticity along trajectories arriving above each of the locations reveals that airmasses at Tahiti are subject to enhanced stratospheric influence, compared to Am. Samoa and Fiji. As a result this study shows clear incidents of transport of airmasses from the stratosphere into the troposphere.

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10

shin,ju-shick. "Chinese Socialistic Market Economy theory’s positive influence on Chinese economy." China Studies 46, no. ll (July 2009): 445–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18077/chss.2009.46..020.

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11

Konter, Jasper G., and Matthew G. Jackson. "Large volumes of rejuvenated volcanism in Samoa: Evidence supporting a tectonic influence on late-stage volcanism." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, no. 6 (June 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003974.

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12

Chandra, Anand, Kanayathu Koshy, and Matakite Maata. "Surface ozone profiles at selected South Pacific sites." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 32, no. 2 (2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp14008.

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Surface ozone profiles were studied at Fiji (18.1oS, 178.2oE), Samoa (14.3oS, 170.6oW), Tahiti (18.0oS, 149.0oW), and San Cristobal, Galapagos (0.9oS, 89.6oW) from 1997-2003. Surface ozone levels at these Pacific sites showed a wintertime maximum and a summertime minimum with the lowest mixing ratios occurring at Tahiti and Galapagos, while the highest mixing ratios occurred at Fiji. The seasonal trends at each site were found to be dependent on the varying photochemical sink strength and the changing transport regimes in each season. It was established that the reduced photochemical sink strength in winter was one of the major reasons for the observed increase in surface ozone levels at each site in that season. The presence of the South Pacific Convergence Zone particularly for the Western Pacific (Fiji, Samoa and Tahiti) is the other factor contributing to the observed seasonality and variability in surface ozone levels. The changing frequency of transport from the southern mid-latitude (from high altitudes) is the only transport regime at the boundary layer having the most significant influence on the surface ozone levels at these Pacific sites.

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13

Fangupo, S., M. J. Furlong, and R. Kant. "Detrimental impact of insecticide sprays on Trichogramma chilonis parasitism of Crocidolomia pavonana eggs in Samoa." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5935.

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Crocidolomia pavonana F (Lepidoptera Crambidae) is a major pest of brassica crops in the Pacific and other tropical and subtropical parts of the world In Samoa farmers use various insecticides against C pavonana for the production of Chinese cabbage A recent study found that a local population of Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera Trichogrammattidae) successfully parasitises eggs of C pavonana This study determined the effects of key insecticides on T chilonis parasitism in field trials It showed that the number C pavonana eggs on Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced after applications of Attack (p0004) Orthene (p0001) and Dipel (p0001) but not after Entrust (p0268) Negative effects of insecticides were observed on the parasitism rate of T chilonis and C pavonana egg masses which were more likely to be only partially parasitized after an insecticide application Attack and Entrust adversely affected T chilonis parasitism rates of C pavonana eggs However of the insecticides tested Dipel reduced T chilonis parasitism the least This study suggests that Dipel could be considered for inclusion in IPM programmes that depend on T chilonis parasitism of C pavonana

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14

Wang, Xue Li, and Shan Hua. "Influence Factors of Chinese Real Estate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3391.

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This paper studied that the factors influencing Chinese real estate price. And that the land prices, the macroeconomic situation, the annual income of the households, the process of urbanization, the credit policy, the psychological expectations of consumers, the market investment or speculation, the governments regulation policy etc, Are all the influence factors of real estate prices. And the analysis results to develop appropriate policy recommendations for the healthy and sustainable development of the real estate market.

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15

Swanström, Niklas, and Mikael Weissmann. "Chinese influence on the DPRK negotiations." Peace Review 16, no. 2 (June 2004): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040265042000237770.

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16

손남호. "The Influence of Chinese Tones on Chinese Loan Words in Dongxiang." ALTAI HAKPO ll, no. 19 (June 2009): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15816/ask.2009..19.007.

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17

Susilo, Donny. "CHINESE CULTURAL VALUES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIAN ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE." Asian People Journal (APJ) 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2020.3.1.184.

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Today, the domination of Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs in Indonesia economy is not questionable. This research aims to understand the entrepreneurial culture of Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs that are believed to be one of their success factors. This research used in-depth interview and successfully conducted interviews with 12 successful Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs who understand about Chinese cultural values. The result revealed that some unique characteristics of their entrepreneurial culture differentiate themselves from other entrepreneurs such as believe in regeneration since childhood, it however brings positive impact to their children who already get used to the work environment before they finally become matured and independent. Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs have a strong principle in cash management and love to have long term planning completed with the contingency plan. They cursed debt, it is perceived as a disgrace and it becomes the last option in looking for financial resources. The empathy between Chinese Indonesians is strong and especially because they believe that Chinese Indonesian has a competitive trait at trading, their business style is flexible and they still hold high value in respect for parents and teachers. Keywords: Chinese Indonesian, Entrepreneurial Culture, Chinese Cultural Value, Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs

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18

Xiao, Zhen. "Longhua Chinese Medicine: inherit and improve global influence of Chinese Medicine." Longhua Chinese Medicine 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/lcm.2017.12.01.

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19

Bai, Chen, Xiaoyan Xie, and Shengli Feng. "The Influence of Chinese Prosody on Syntactic Processing of Chinese Idioms." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 47, no. 2 (2019): 406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2019.0017.

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20

Siriphon, Aranya, and Jiangyu Li. "Chinese dream, emerging statecraft, and Chinese influence in the Mekong region." International Journal of Asian Studies 18, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147959142100005x.

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AbstractIt has become known that the Confucius Institute (CI) and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office (Qiaoban) are operated as tools of state-led mechanism, or Chinese statecraft with the ultimate goal of expanding China's cultural soft power. Following the direction, Xi Jinping has been pushing the notion of the “Chinese dream,” focusing on the realm of Chinese traditional culture and launching a new state-led mechanism. This article examines an emerging state-led mechanism known as “Chinese Homeland Bookstores” (CHBs), which was proposed by a provincial government-financed state-owned enterprise, and recently expanded to Thailand and various Mekong countries. I contend that the entities, such as CHBs and also CI and Qiaoban, are being extensively utilized as part of a larger state apparatus supporting the regime's Chinese traditional culture campaign. However, the CHB case and those of other government-led institutions illustrate how they combine nation-state work with market-oriented business strategies, to effectively promote Chinese culture “going out” with a focus on financial sustainability.

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21

Zhang, Jirong. "On the Influence of Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals on Japanese Chinese Literature." Asian Social Science 14, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n8p113.

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Japanese Chinese literature is a Literature written by overseas Chinese in Japan using Chinese characters. Its emergence and development are related to the Chinese newspapers and periodicals. The Chinese newspapers and periodicals in Japan, represented by the Chinese Review Weekly, provided a platform for the publication of literary works and a spiritual home to the overseas Chinese in Japan. Chinese journals in the Mainland of China, represented by the Fiction World, have played a decisive role in the construction and dissemination of Japanese Chinese literature in Chinese Mainland. Both of them played an important role in the emergence, development, and dissemination of Japanese Chinese literature.

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22

Jami, Catherine. "Western influence and Chinese tradition in an eighteenth century Chinese mathematical work." Historia Mathematica 15, no. 4 (November 1988): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(88)90024-9.

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23

Guangrun, Rong. "Brecht's Influence in China: A Chinese Perspective." Modern Drama 42, no. 2 (May 1999): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.42.2.247.

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24

Odinye, I., and I. Odinye. "Western Influence on Chinese and Nigerian Cultures." OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v9i1.5.

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25

Zhao, Xiaolin. "Cultural Revolution Influence on the Chinese Orchestras." Manuskript, no. 10 (October 2020): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/manuscript.2020.10.45.

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26

Chang, Eileen. "Chinese Translation: A Vehicle of Cultural Influence." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 2 (March 2015): 488–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.2.488.

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Translation played a central role in the life of Eileen Chang (Zhang Ailing, 1920-95). One of the most iconic figures in twentieth-century Chinese literature, Chang also wrote extensively in English throughout her career, which began in the early 1940s in Japanese-occupied Shanghai. She achieved fame quickly but fell into obscurity after the war ended in 1945. Chang stayed in Shanghai through the 1949 Communist revolution and in 1952 moved to Hong Kong, where she worked as a freelance translator and writer for the United States Information Service and wrote two anti-Communist novels in English and Chinese, The Rice-Sprout Song (1955) and Naked Earth (1956).

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27

Tong, Xiaoguang. "Rhoton and His Influence in Chinese Neurosurgery." World Neurosurgery 92 (August 2016): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.034.

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28

Gao, Ya-Chun, Yong Zeng, and Shi-Min Cai. "Influence network in the Chinese stock market." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2015, no. 3 (March 18, 2015): P03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2015/03/p03017.

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29

Gao, Jia. "Chinese Australians Face a Foreign Influence Panic." Current History 117, no. 800 (September 1, 2018): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2018.117.800.229.

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30

Zheng, Jianing, Hao Hu, and Lei Dai. "How would EEDI influence Chinese shipbuilding industry?" Maritime Policy & Management 40, no. 5 (September 2013): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2013.797121.

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31

Ito, Takatoshi. "Changing International Financial Architecture: Growing Chinese Influence?" Asian Economic Policy Review 13, no. 2 (July 2018): 192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12217.

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32

Hay, John. "Questions of Influence in Chinese Art History." Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 35 (March 1999): 240–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/resv35n1ms20167027.

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33

Miyajima, Kazuhiko. "Influence of Chinese astronomy on Japanese culture." Vistas in Astronomy 31 (1988): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(88)90310-8.

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34

Dorakh, Alena. "FDI determinants in Europe and Chinese influence." Serbian Journal of Management 16, no. 1 (2021): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjm16-22279.

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Despite recent concerns about the increasing influence of outside investors on the European Union (EU) and Western Balkans, the developed European countries are still a dominant source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region, confirming the benefits of EU membership. At the same time, fast-growing connectivity and lower trade costs in accession and neighboring countries determine the FDI growth from China, particularly via the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). By applying panel data over 2000-2019 for 34 countries, which form 89% of all European FDI, we first examine FDI patterns around Europe, compare the EU, NMS, and Western Balkans; verify the importance of EU membership for FDI, caused reducing trade costs and improving connectivity. Thus, the new EU member states (NMS) and Western Balkans appear both as a home country and as a pre- entry destination to the EU. Then, we calculate trade costs indices for each selected country and partners over time and find that Europe and China are closely interconnected through trade and FDI. It means that stronger ties with China can be realized for the sample countries at the cost of easing relations with the EU. Finally, incorporating trade costs indices into the FDI model; we evaluate the impact of connectivity on FDI and estimate how BRI affected FDI in Europe. Additionally, we validate that the old framework of horizontal and vertical FDI not representative well and even new complex vertical or export-oriented FDI strategies are shifting today.

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35

Chand, Savin S., and Kevin J. E. Walsh. "Influence of ENSO on Tropical Cyclone Intensity in the Fiji Region." Journal of Climate 24, no. 15 (August 1, 2011): 4096–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4178.1.

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Abstract This study examines the variation in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity for different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga (FST) region. The variation in TC intensity is inferred from the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), which is constructed from the 6-hourly Joint Typhoon Warning Center best-track data for the period 1985–2006. Overall, results suggest that ACE in the FST region is considerably influenced by the ENSO signal. A substantial contribution to this ENSO signal in ACE comes from the region equatorward of 15°S where TC numbers, lifetime, and intensity all play a significant role. However, the ACE–ENSO relationship weakens substantially poleward of 15°S where large-scale environmental variables affecting TC intensity are found to be less favorable during El Niño years than during La Niña years; in the region equatorward of 15°S, the reverse is true. Therefore, TCs entering this region poleward of 15°S are able to sustain their intensity for a longer period of time during La Niña years as opposed to TCs entering the region during El Niño years, when they decay more rapidly.

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36

Yin, Yunzhen, and Zhengshi Li. "The Influence of Chinese Literature on the Aesthetics of Choi Gwangyou’s Chinese Poetry." Studies of Korean & Chinese Humanities 61 (December 31, 2018): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26528/kochih.2018.61.103.

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37

Peng, Lu. "Chinese IR Sino-centrism tradition and its influence on the Chinese School Movement." Pacific Review 32, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2018.1461681.

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Kwok, Cannas, and Gerard Sullivan. "Influence of traditional Chinese beliefs on cancer screening behaviour among Chinese-Australian women." Journal of Advanced Nursing 54, no. 6 (June 2006): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03872.x.

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Jianxiong, Pan. "THE DUAL STRUCTURE OF CHINESE CULTURE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MODERN CHINESE SOCIETY." International Sociology 5, no. 1 (March 1990): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026858090005001006.

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STIRNEMANN, REBECCA L., MURRAY A. POTTER, DAVID BUTLER, and EDWARD O. MINOT. "Slow life history traits in an endangered tropical island bird, the Ma’oma’o." Bird Conservation International 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270915000234.

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SummaryAn effective conservation strategy for a species requires knowledge of its biology and life history. This applies to the endangered Ma’oma’o Gymnomyza samoensis, a honeyeater endemic to the Samoan archipelago. Now locally extinct in American Samoa, this species is currently found only in declining numbers on the islands of Upolu and Savai’i in Samoa. Despite being endangered, the life history and breeding behaviour of the Ma’oma’o has not been documented previously. Here we examine Ma’oma’o nesting and breeding biology, which are unique among studied honeyeaters and unusual for passerines in general. Ma’oma’o lay only a single egg per clutch and have an extended breeding season that occurs outside the rainy season and peaks during budburst. Allometric analysis of the length of the nesting period of different honeyeaters versus adult body weight showed that Ma’oma’o remain in the nest for a longer period than expected for their body size. The post-fledging dependency period of 2.5–3 months was also extended compared to other honeyeater species. No Ma’oma’o were observed re-nesting after successfully raising a chick, though pairs attempted to re-nest following breeding failure. Despite the extended breeding season, the maximum annual reproductive capacity of Ma’oma’o is limited by their one-egg clutch and failure to nest again after fledging one chick. We discuss how these slow life history traits can influence conservation strategies, affect monitoring and limit recovery.

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Kirkpatrick, Andy. "‘Chinese English or English Chinese?’." Global Chinese 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2015-1004.

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Abstract A question which is frequently asked in discussions about the future roles of English and Chinese (Modern Standard Chinese or Putonghua and often also referred to as Mandarin) in the Asia-Pacific region is whether Chinese will replace English as the primary regional language or lingua franca. In this article, I shall first consider the roles that each language is playing in China itself and within the Asia-Pacific region. I shall argue that it is important to take these languages together, as the combination of Modern Standard Chinese and English is threatening regional languages, including other major Chinese languages such as Cantonese. In dealing with these two major languages in combination, I shall also consider how each language has influenced and continues to influence the other linguistically, illustrating this with examples at the levels of lexis, syntax, rhetoric and pragmatic norms. I shall conclude by tentatively suggesting how the roles of these two languages may develop in future, and the potential sociolinguistic consequences of this.

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Yang, Mi-Lin, Dong-Wei Kang, and Zhi-Cheng Wang. "The Influence of Chinese Guanxi in Knowledge Management." Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21807/jnas.2018.03.23.1.225.

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Silllalee, Dr, Tamil Arasi Muniandy, and Krishnaveni Subramaniam. "The Influence of Chinese Believes on Malaysian Indians." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 7, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol7no1.7.

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Kim Dug Sam and 이경자. "Influence of Yinyangwuxing on Chinese Study and Education." Journal of Education & Culture 21, no. 1 (February 2015): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24159/joec.2015.21.1.29.

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Farh, Jiing-Lih, Anne S. Tsui, Katherine Xin, and Bor-Shiuan Cheng. "The Influence of Relational Demography andGuanxi:The Chinese Case." Organization Science 9, no. 4 (August 1998): 471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.4.471.

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Lu, Ching-ching. "Influence of word recognition on Chinese sentence segmentation." Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136132802805576526.

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Song, Honglian. "Chinese Large-Scale Stadium Development Influence Factors Exploration." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 10068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.6212.

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Fenglian, Zhang, and Li Li. "Improving the International Influence of Chinese Academic Journals." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 34, no. 2 (January 2003): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jsp.34.2.101.

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Yau, Oliver H. M., T. S. Chan, and K. F. Lau. "Influence of Chinese Cultural Values on Consumer Behavior." Journal of International Consumer Marketing 11, no. 1 (September 1999): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j046v11n01_07.

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DUAN, Lian. "Iconology in Teaching Chinese Art and Its Influence." Comparative Literature: East & West 16, no. 1 (March 2012): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2012.12015539.

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