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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese Women's History'
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1
Karl, Rebecca E. "The State of Chinese Women's History." Gender & History 23, no. 2 (2011): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01647.x.
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Raphals, Lisa. "Chinese Women's History. Special Issue of Journal of Women's History (review)." China Review International 6, no. 1 (1999): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.1999.0082.
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Ann Waltner. "Teaching about Chinese Women's History using Legal Sources." Journal of Women's History 22, no. 2 (2010): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.0.0156.
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Yui, Wei. "Chinese Women’s Art." Культура и искусство, no. 5 (May 2022): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2022.5.38062.
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The article discusses the origin and evolution of women's visual art in China. The development of this artistic direction was due to the radical social transformations since the beginning of the Open Door Policy in 1978. Analysis of the art by Li Hong, Cui Xiuwen, Feng Jiali, Yuan Yaomin and others reveals main features of the evolution of women's creativity in China. The search and acquisition of female identity, the destruction of psychological barriers imposed by traditional ideas and stereotypes about a woman, her physicality, beauty, etc., the study of gender differences, the reflection of female subjectivity, the assertion of a new status for women in modern society - all this makes the content of Chinese women's art. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article studies the works of quite reputable Chinese artists who were not presented earlier in Russian art history science. This article is intended to contribute to the study of the processes of emancipation of the consciousness of the Chinese and raising the status of women artists in society. Reflections on personal experience, social problems and historical destinies determine the specifics of the artistic language of women's works. In view of the active feminist movements of our time, increasing attention to the inner world of women and criticism of patriarchal foundations, addressing this topic seems very relevant today.
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Chen, Xi, and Guixiang Zhang. "A Preliminary Study of The Ethical of The Spirit of The Chinese Women's Volleyball Teamfrom The Perspectiveof Traditional Chinese Taoism and Confucianism." International Journal of Education and Humanities 6, no. 1 (2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v6i1.2947.
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The spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team in the new era, in which the motherland comes first, unity and cooperation, tenacity and perseverance, and never giving up, is a concentrated expression of the spirit of sports of the Chinese nation and a manifestation of the pursuit of the values of modern sports civilization. It is thought-provoking whether traditional Chinese culture has the ethical system to support the formation of the Chinese women's volleyball spirit. This study takes this as the base point and uses theories related to history, ethics, logic and culture, as well as literature and interviews, to analyse the traditional Chinese Confucian ethical system behind the spirit of women's volleyball. The study concludes that traditional Chinese Confucian ethics is closely linked to the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, and provides the inner logic for the formation of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, the basic guidelines for the practice of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, and multiple forms for the expression of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball. The inner logic of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team is rooted in the Confucian idea of "establishing virtue, merit and speech"; the basic guideline for the practice of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball is the Taoist core idea of "doing nothing and "Defending the center"; The spirit of Chinese women's volleyball is manifested in various forms, including a positive attitude towards life, respect for the elderly, respect for teachers and a sense of righteousness in the face of profit, the pursuit of the spirit of "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening without regret", and a sense of national responsibility to "love the motherland and build a successful career".
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Cahill, Cathleen D. "“Our Sisters in China Are Free”: Visual Representations of Chinese and Chinese American Suffragists." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 19, no. 4 (2020): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781420000365.
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AbstractBoth white and Chinese American suffragists in the United States closely watched and discussed the events of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Chinese Republic (1912–1949). They were aware of the republican revolutionaries’ support for women's rights, which conflicted with American stereotypes of China as a backward nation, especially in its treatment of women. Chinese suffragists, real and imagined, became a major talking point in debates over women's voting rights in the United States as white suffragists and national newspapers championed their stories. This led to prominent visual depictions of Chinese suffragists in the press, but also their participation in public events such as suffrage parades. For a brief time, the transnational nature of suffrage conversations was highly visible as was the suffrage activism of women in U.S. Chinese communities. However, because Chinese immigrants were barred from citizenship by U.S. immigration law, white activists tended to depict Chinese suffragists as foreign, resulting in the erasure of their memory in the U.S. suffrage movement.
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Laing, Ellen Johnston. "VISUAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EVOLUTION OF "POLITICALLY CORRECT" DRESS FOR WOMEN IN EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY SHANGHAI." NAN NÜ 5, no. 1 (2003): 69–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852603100402421.
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AbstractIn China in the first half of the twentieth century, official and unofficial efforts were made to regulate or influence women's dress, despite the fact that for urban, sophisticated, independent, middle-class urbanites, fashions were largely determined by the women who wore them. The first official mandate for women's dress, promulgated by the new Republican government in 1912, had little lasting effect. Unofficial efforts in 1915 and 1920 to influence women's garb, stemming from the antiforeign National Goods Movement, which the textile industry had originated much earlier and which urged patriotic Chinese to "buy Chinese," was also largely inconsequential. Only the Nationalist official designation in 1927 of a "national" feminine dress was effective. Using dated visual evidence from the print media, this paper assesses the failures and successes of these two official and one unofficial attempt to define proper attire for Chinese women.
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Chizhova, Ksenia. "Bodies of Texts: Women Calligraphers and the Elite Vernacular Culture in Late Chosŏn Korea (1392–1910)." Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 1 (2018): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181700095x.
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Men's references to women's writing in vernacular Korean script never term this practice “calligraphy,” and yet articles of women's intricate brushwork reveal that in late Chosŏn Korea (1392–1910) this was a highly aestheticized practice with recognized social importance and a meticulous training process. This article captures the moment when vernacular Korean scriptural practices ascended the elite canon, which resulted in the emergence of high vernacular culture. It historicizes the gendered logic of representation in a male-authored historical archive to uncover the contours of a women-centered vernacular aesthetic canon that assumed a status of prestige alongside male culture in literary Chinese. The article unravels the meaning of the term “calligraphy” when it is applied to women's vernacular handwriting and ponders the connection between women's bodily discipline, productive work, and exquisite vernacular brushwork. This opens an alternative perspective not only on the gender politics of the Chosŏn society but also on the culture of the time, which is hitherto seen as dominated by a male-centered literary Chinese canon.
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Jian, Sun. "Ibsen and Peking Women's High Normal University." Nordlit, no. 34 (February 16, 2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3353.
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<p>This article aims at exploring the great influence of Ibsen and especially his play <em>A Doll House</em> on the young Chinese girls studying at Peking Women’s High Normal University established for the first time in China at the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century to educate girls.</p><p>In its short history, the girls at the university were exposed widely to the progressive ideas and literature from the West. Ibsen, the most popular writer at that time, inspired the girls tremendously whose performance of <em>A Doll House </em>aroused a heated debate among the well-known scholars on such important issues as women’s rights, women’s liberation, new culture, art and literature.</p><p>Consequently there appeared at the university first group of modern Chinese women writers who picked up their pens and wrote about themselves and about women in China, describing themselves as “Chinese Noras”.</p>
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Zamperini, Paola. "UNTAMED HEARTS: EROS AND SUICIDE IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINESE FICTION." NAN NÜ 3, no. 1 (2001): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852601750123008.
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AbstractIn Chinese fiction there are heroines who use suicide as a vehicle to convey to eternity the strength of their passions, from love to hatred, from jealousy to thirst for revenge. The present paper is an exploration of late imperial literary representations which depict women's suicide as an act of passion and self-reassertion: this act, rather than being constructed as defeat in the face of adversities, a response to abuse suffered, or as a last resort to preserve chastity, is presented as a path of independence that shows these female characters not as virtuous martyrs or victims of an unjust patriarchal system, but as passionate agents of free will. These sources challenge the assumption that women's suicide in Ming and Qing fictional sources is primarily related to chastity. In this sense, they are useful in furthering understanding of the complex ways in which legal and moral mandates around the issue of women's suicide could be resisted, absorbed, and ignored in late imperial vernacular fiction.
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Liu, Fei-wen. "Heroines of Jiangyong: Chinese Narrative Ballads in Women's Script." NAN NÜ 12, no. 1 (2010): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852610x518309.
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Judge, Joan. "Blended Wish Images: Chinese and Western Exemplary Women At The Turn of the Twentieth Century." NAN NÜ 6, no. 1 (2004): 102–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568526042523218.
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AbstractAuthors intent on raising the level of Chinese women's basic and global literacy at the turn of the twentieth century took an archaeomodern approach to history—archaeo in their appropriation of ancient models and modern in their self-conscious break with the recent past and their embrace of foreign figures and ideas. This approach was manifest in the addition of Western heroines to the two-millennia-old repertoire of exemplary Chinese women in new-style textbooks and women's journals of the period. An examination of the ways the Western and Chinese biographies functioned in these materials provides important insights into the complex process of accommodating foreign ideas in this period, a process which defies the binaries of tradition/modernity, and East/West, and is crucial to our understanding of twentieth-century China.
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Li, Xiaorong. "Woman Writing about Women: Li Shuyi's (1817-?) Project on One Hundred Beauties in Chinese History." NAN NÜ 13, no. 1 (2011): 52–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852611x559349.
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AbstractThis article examines the woman poet Li Shuyi's (1817-?) poetry collection Shuyinglou mingshu baiyong (One hundred poems on famous women from Shying Tower). Through a reconstruction of Li Shuyi's life, a reading of her self-preface, and an analysis of her poems, this study aims to demonstrate how a woman author's perception of her own ill fate leads to her becoming a conscious writing subject, and how this self-realization motivates her to produce a gendered writing project. It argues that Li Shuyi articulates in her project her intervention into representations of women's images from her individual perspective on women's history, and her aims for immortality through writing.
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Seng, Guo-Quan. "The Gender Politics of Confucian Family Law: Contracts, Credit, and Creole Chinese Bilateral Kinship in Dutch Colonial Java (1850s–1900)." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 2 (2018): 390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000099.
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AbstractHow did colonial family law reshape the ethnic and gender norms of a creolized entrepreneurial minority? While the literature on colonial Indonesia has tended to view the Dutch colonial preservation ofadat(customary) law as helping to preserve Indonesian women's autonomy and property rights, this essay shows how, in the case of the Indonesian-Chinese entrepreneurial minority, the colonial government's institutionalization of Confucian “Chinese” family law gradually introduced more patriarchal norms for creole Chinese families. The Dutch colonial state's legal regulation of credit and commerce in Java took a moralistic turn in the mid-nineteenth century, giving shape to a more patriarchal and “Chinese” form of the family in Java by the century's end. This legal-moralistic turn took the form of a critique of creole Chinese women on one hand, and the Sinological construction of a body of Confucian “Chinese” private law on the other. For almost half a century, this encroaching colonial ethno-moral critique of creole Chinese credit manipulations and marriage arrangements came up against resistance from Peranakan Chinese matriarchs and patriarchs. In this article, I show how colonial Confucian family law eventually ended creole Chinese women's contract-making and credit-manipulating autonomies by subjecting the “Chinese” household to the civil law authority of the “housefather.”
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GUO, VIVIENNE XIANGWEI. "Forging a Women's United Front: Chinese elite women's networks for national salvation and resistance, 1932–1938." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 2 (2018): 483–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000105.
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AbstractFocusing on Chinese elite women who gravitated towards national affairs in the pre-war urban sites of eastern China and who migrated to Wuhan after the outbreak of the War of Resistance (1937–1945), this article analyses the emergence, development, and integration of their sociopolitical networks for the purpose of promoting women's participation in national salvation, against a backdrop of the deepening national crisis in the 1930s. I argue that two years before the Second Kuomintang-Chinese Communist Party (KMT-CCP) United Front was officially formed, these elite women, hailing from diverse social and political backgrounds and different professions, had already established their own leadership during the national salvation movement and called for a women's united front. Therefore, rather than being simply political rhetoric enhanced under the auspices of the KMT-CCP alliance, the women's united front served as an important institution with which Chinese elite women identified and through which they empowered themselves at a local and then national level, across and beyond geopolitical boundaries. I conclude that the birth and evolution of this women's united front, which have been neglected in the historiography of China's War of Resistance, are crucial to an understanding of unsettling negotiations, communication, and cooperation between the various forces signed up to the cause of national salvation in the 1930s, and to the interpretation of popular resistance before the war.
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Fei, Siyen. "Virtue, talent and her-story: towards a new paradigm of Chinese women's history." Social History 35, no. 4 (2010): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2010.510288.
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Jinhua, D. "Invisible Women: Contemporary Chinese Cinema and Women's Film." positions: east asia cultures critique 3, no. 1 (1995): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-3-1-255.
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Tang, Catherine So‐kum, Bik‐Ngan Siu, Florence Duen‐mun Lai, and Tony K. H. Chung. "Heterosexual Chinese women's sexual adjustment after gynecologic cancer." Journal of Sex Research 33, no. 3 (1996): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499609551834.
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Dunch, Ryan. "Christianizing Confucian Didacticism: Protestant Publications for Women, 1832-1911." NAN NÜ 11, no. 1 (2009): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138768009x12454916571805.
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AbstractThe printed Protestant missionary engagement with Chinese views of the role and proper conduct of women in society was more complex and ambiguous than scholars have often assumed. Publications targeted at women readers occupied an important place among Protestant missionary periodicals, books, and other printed materials in Chinese during the late Qing. Most publications for women and girls were elementary doctrinal works, catechisms, and devotional texts designed to introduce early readers to Christian belief, and light reading (fictional tracts and biographies) for women's spiritual edification, but there were some more elaborate works as well. After an overview of mission publications for women, this article focuses on two complex texts, one a compendium of practical knowledge and moral guidance for the Chinese Protestant "new woman," Jiaxue jizhen (The Christian home in China) (1897; revised 1909), and the other, a Protestant reworking from 1902 of the Qing dynasty didactic compilation Nü sishu (Women's four books). Together, these two texts give us a more multifaceted picture of how missionaries engaged with Chinese society and the role of women therein.
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Backhouse, Constance. "The White Women's Labor Laws: Anti-Chinese Racism in Early Twentieth-Century Canada." Law and History Review 14, no. 2 (1996): 315–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743786.
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Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, provided the setting, in May 1912, for two widely publicized trials that highlighted the explosive fusion between race, gender, and class in early twentieth-century Canada. The prosecutions were based on a Saskatchewan statute passed several weeks earlier, “An Act to Prevent the Employment of Female Labour in Certain Capacities.” The first of its kind in Canada, this statute made it a criminal offence for “Chinese” men to employ “white” women. Quong Wing and Quong Sing, men who operated two restaurants and a rooming house in Moose Jaw's small but growing Chinatown, were charged with violating the new law. Between them, they employed three white women: Nellie Lane and Mabel Hopham as waitresses and Annie Hartman as a chambermaid.
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Shi, Qishan. "An overview of the effects of feminist stigmatization on Chinese online platforms." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4355.
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Feminism's emergence has a lengthy history. Feminism has steadily been addressed and valued as a result of global human interaction and communication, spreading from the West to the East. Additionally, the media has increased women's access to media resources and encouraged the growth of feminism. But concurrently, the advent of blogs and other public opinion platforms has accelerated the stigmatization of feminism. Starting with the media and women's perspectives, this article. This essay examines how feminism has been structuralized throughout the communication process using the theory of communication. This article examines the effects of feminism's stigmatization on feminism and female groups in Chinese online platforms, using Weibo as an example. According to the findings, feminists are advised to take the necessary steps to eradicate the stigma and advance gender equality.
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Tian, Muye. "The Historical Transition of All-China Women’s Federation." SHS Web of Conferences 155 (2023): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315503015.
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All China Woman’s Federation (ACWF) is the sole official institute dedicating to gender equality in China, and had served for more than 76 years of history. Recently, however, the recognition of the organization among the public has been noticeably falling. In hope to answer the question “why and through what process has the influence of ACWF fell”, the researcher explored the development of Chinese public’s perception over ACWF’s role during the 1946 - 1978 period, in which the organization first took shape, by chiefly looking into the A Brief History of Contemporary Chinese Women's Movement, a document written by a sub department of ACWF, largely academic and functions more as an historical research, and a list of most frequently used words by the largest, government funded Chinese newspaper People’s Daily in describing ACWF during the period. The researcher finds notable discrepancy between the two sources, which helps to explore the power dynamic of the ACWF and its direct supporter, the CPC government, as well as the image that CPC government has propagandized its people to think of the ACWF. The research functions as part of a longer research that examines the change of Chinese public’s recognition over ACWF for the entirety of its history.
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Honig, Emily. "Socialist Revolution and Women's Liberation in China—A Review Article." Journal of Asian Studies 44, no. 2 (1985): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2055926.
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AbstractsIt was once popular for Western scholars to view the liberation of women as one of the most dramatic accomplishments of the Chinese revolution. This article reviews three recently published studies that present a more sanguine view of the impact of the policies adopted by the Chinese Communist party on women's lives. Throughout its history (with the possible exception of the 1920s) the CCP has failed to commit itself to the achievement of gender equality. To have done so, the new scholarship suggests, would have alienated male peasants, the most important constituency of the CCP Patriarchy, rather than being dismantled, has thus been perpetuated and reinforced in China. This argument is substantiated in the three volumes under review by an analysis of Party policy and political campaigns. The extent to which these policies and campaigns reflect social reality is a task that future scholars will have to confront.
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Tong, Siting. "The Status of Women in the Workforce in China." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 17 (May 5, 2022): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v17i.639.
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With the progress and development of the times, women's status and living conditions are undeniably getting better. However, gender discrimination still exists in the workplace, which disturbs many women and hinders their development. To help improve this social phenomenon to promote the development of the society, it is necessary to study the historical development of women's status and current national data, but there are not many essays related to this topic. I will examine the fertility of Chinese women, their current state of family life and workplace, accompanied by changes in the status of women throughout history, using a large body of data in the essay. The conclusion is that the current situation of Chinese women in the workplace still needs to be improved, which should combine means in different aspects, such as social ideology promotion, government policy making and the economic development.
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Belaya, Irina V., and Sergey V. Dmitriev. "Following Xuanzang: about “The Journey to the West” of a Chinese Woman or Feminism in China by E.A. Sinetskaya." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 10 (2021): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-10-208-214.
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The article is devoted to the problem of studying the history of feminism in China – from the activities of Christian missionaries to Chinese revolutionaries. The prerequisites and stages of the formation of the women's movement for their rights are considered on the example of the book “The Journey to the West” of a Chinese Woman or Feminism in China by Elvira A. Sinetskaya. This book actually presents the first for Russian science study of development of Chinese movement for women rights, as well as constitutes a try to describe its characteristic feature and to place it in the context of world feminism. The author begins from definition such core terms as “feminism”, “gender”, etc., and then considers the history of feminism beginning in China and possible causes of its appearance. She analyses an attitude to women in traditional Chinese society through the lens of family relationship, society and religion, which is viewed from historical perspective. The study is based on variety of sources, including fiction literature. E.A. Sinetskaya connects the first attempts of Chinese women to obtain equality of rights with spread of Cristianity, but in this paper another point of view on this problem is presented. Then Taoism gave equal rights and possibilities for its progeny regardless of sex and social status. In this religion one can find pantheon of female goddesses, etc. The issues of family and marriage, the right to education, the right to independent earnings and problems with the exercise of their rights by women are being raised in the article, it highlights the connection between the Chinese women’s movement and the problem of human freedom
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Edwards, Louise. "Coopting the Chinese women's suffrage movement for the fifth modernisation — democracy." Asian Studies Review 26, no. 3 (2002): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357820208713347.
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Ho, CLARA WING-CHUNG. "Toward a Redefinition of the Content of Chinese Women's History: Reflections On Eight Recent Bibliographies." NAN NÜ 1, no. 1 (1999): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852699x00081.
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Edwards, Louise. "The Shanghai Modern Woman's American Dreams: Imagining America's Depravity to Produce China's “Moderate Modernity”." Pacific Historical Review 81, no. 4 (2012): 567–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2012.81.4.567.
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This article explores images of the United States featured in the 1930s Shanghai women's magazine Linglong. This imagined America reflected a reorientation in ideas about how to be simultaneously modern and Chinese. The United States became a symbolic location for Linglong's readers as they grappled with personal concerns in their negotiations with families and communities about appropriate feminine behavior for Chinese women seeking to be modern and cosmopolitan. These readers found in the depiction of American life answers to their anxieties about appropriate limits for their modern city lifestyle. The imagined America provided convenient boundaries for readers and editors alike. Linglong presented a vision of unbridled, limit-free American lifestyles as “the extreme,” allowing China's modern women to plot their behavior along an imagined continuum stretching between American depravity and the prison of Confucian morality.
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Evans, Harriet. ":The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism.(Next Wave: New Directions in Women's Studies.)." American Historical Review 110, no. 3 (2005): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.3.775.
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Yamaura, Chigusa. "From Manchukuo to Marriage: Localizing Contemporary Cross-Border Marriages between Japan and Northeast China." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 3 (2015): 565–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815000546.
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This essay examines Japanese-Chinese arranged cross-border marriages and investigates the ways in which participants legitimate and render such marriages comprehensible in light of national and local histories. Marriageability in this context is produced not through conceptions of “exotic difference” but instead distinct discourses of “familiarity.” On the one hand, Chinese participants tactically narrate “blood ties” (xueyuan guanxi 血缘关系) to interpret current marriage migration as following relational bonds and thus a “natural” phenomenon. On the other hand, Japanese participants stress Chinese women's “familiarity” (shinkin kan 親近感) with Japan, a familiarity that is claimed to stem from positive historical ties forged by colonialism, and thus effaces Japanese wartime culpability. In short, multiple layered notions of familiarity, shaped by the colonial legacy in East Asia, are at work in rendering these transnational intimate relations possible.
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McMahon, Keith. "The Institution of Polygamy in the Chinese Imperial Palace." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 4 (2013): 917–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813001137.
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This study examines Chinese imperial polygamy under two aspects, as institution and actual practice. Institution refers to its existence as a set of rules and expectations, practice to the actual ways in which imperial people carried out polygamy as recorded in both historical and fictional sources. The key to the institutionalization of polygamy had to do with the idea that a ruler did not engage in polygamy because he wanted to, but because he had to in order to fulfill his role as Son of Heaven. He was obligated to extend the patriline and was as if following a hallowed directive. Practice had to do with what rules and expectations could not control or predict, including how a man justified his role as polygamist, his polygamous transgressions, and how he dealt with the main challenge to polygamous harmony, women's jealousy and rivalry.
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Ommundsen, Wenche. "Exoticism or Visceral Cosmopolitanism: Difference and Desire in Chinese Australian Women's Writing." Journal of Intercultural Studies 40, no. 5 (2019): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2019.1651706.
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Shin, Doo-hwan. "A study on the Chinese poetry and national enlightenment consciousness of Sofa(小坡) Oh Hyo-won(吳孝媛)during the Japanese colonial period". Daedong Hanmun Association 71 (30 червня 2022): 251–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21794/ddhm.2022.71.251.
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This thesis studies the modern enlightenment consciousness that appeared in the Chinese poem of Sofa Oh Hyo-won, a female poet who lived in Japanese colonial era. He is a female poet who was born as a woman at the end of the Joseon Dynasty and lived a strange life with a strange fate, leaving 474 poems. Most of his poems express Japanese colonial era's feminine daily life with affection, so if you look at the trajectory of life along his poems, Japanese colonial era is vividly depicted and revealed.
 His poems reveal an enlightenment consciousness and advanced worldview to emphasize the need for modern women's education and establish a women's school by enlightening the Confucian feudal society of the Southern Journey to Korea. In particular, he looked back at Japanese colonial era Japan and was able to see the perception of women's education and modern civilization in poems. In addition, he moved to China, looked at the process of modernization of China, and returned after recognizing the East Asian modern era during the transition period through exchanges with Chinese celebrities. His poems written at this time have a small amount of poetry, but some poems reveal the characteristics of resistance literature, which implies nationalist literary tendencies and patriotic fighting spirit during the Japanese colonial period.
 The consciousness of modern enlightenment that appears in his poems contains the awakening of the ego toward our people. The theme consciousness of his poems reveals anti-feudal, ethnic, and popular movement tendencies, and contains a spirit of desperate patriotic enlightenment aimed at excitement and education. It was only at this time that I could see the buds of true national literature and realism literature. Oh Hyo-won's Chinese poem is the Unique style of Joseon Women's History.
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Jia, Jinhua. "The Yaochi ji and three Daoist Priestess-Poets in Tang China." NAN NÜ 13, no. 2 (2011): 205–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852611x602629.
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AbstractThis article examines the only extant compilation of Tang dynasty women's poetry, the Yaochi xinyong ji (Collection of new songs from Turquoise Pond), fragments of which have been rediscovered among the Dunhuang manuscripts in Russian library holdings. The study first discusses the compilation, contents, and poets of this collection, and then focuses on the works of three Daoist priestess-poets, Li Jilan, Yuan Chun, and Cui Zhongrong whose writings form the major part of this anthology. It investigates their poetry and reviews relevant sources to conduct a comprehensive examination of the lives and poems of the three poets, and concludes that they represented a new stage in the development of Chinese women's poetry.
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Rafman, Carolynn. "Imagining a Woman's World: Roles for Women in Chinese Films." Cinémas 3, no. 2-3 (2011): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1001195ar.
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Chinese cinema embraces a paradoxical relationship to its own traditions, especially concerning the abusive treatment of women. Films like Yellow Earth, Judou and Raise the Red Lantern which desire to uncover a repressed history, tend instead to reinforce and sustain an image of women's suffering to modern audiences. While exposing discrimination and injustice, some films perpetuate the stigma that women are still second class citizens. Three Chinese women filmmakers have challenged the dominant confusion ethos: "Male honorable, female inferior" (nan zun nü bei) by portraying women as independent and thinking individuals. This article analyses Passion (Zui ai) by Sylvia Chang, Song of the Exile (Ketu qiuhen) by Ann Hui and Three Women (San ge nüren) by Peng Xiaolian.
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Wang, Danyu. "Stepping on Two Boats: Urban Strategies of Chinese Peasants and Their Children." International Review of Social History 45, S8 (2000): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000115342.
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During the 1990s, over seventy per cent of the married men and adult children of Stone Mill village in northeastern China have been employed i n wage labor each year. Because a vast number of household laborers (i.e. husbands, sons, and daughters) have nonagricultural jobs outside the village, daily agricultural tasks are performed by married women and elderly men, who are fondly described by the villagers of Stone Mill as “Troop Number 3860” (3860 budut). The number 38 refers to International Women's Day, March 8, representing the women in the village's agricultural labor force, while the number 60 represents the minimum age of the elderly agricultural workers.
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Edwards, Louise. "Drawing Sexual Violence in Wartime China: Anti-Japanese Propaganda Cartoons." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 3 (2013): 563–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813000521.
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During the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–45), China's leading cartoon artists formed patriotic associations aimed at repelling the Japanese military. Their stated propaganda goals were to boost morale among the troops and the civilian population by circulating artwork that would ignite the spirit of resistance among Chinese audiences. In keeping with the genre, racialized and sexualized imagery abounded. The artists created myriad disturbing visions of how militarized violence impacted men's and women's bodies differently. By analyzing the two major professional journals, National Salvation Cartoons and War of Resistance Cartoons, this article shows that depictions of sexual violence inflicted on Chinese women were integral to the artists' attempts to arouse the spirit of resistance. By comparing their depictions of different types of bodies (Chinese and Japanese, male and female, soldiers' and civilians') the article argues that the cartoonists believed that the depiction of sexually mutilated Chinese women would build resistance and spur patriotism while equivalent depictions of mutilated male soldiers would sap morale and hamper the war effort. The article concludes with a discussion about the dubious efficacy of propaganda that invokes a hypersexualized, masculine enemy other.
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Chan, Faye. "Chinese women's emancipation as reflected in two Peranakan journals (c.1927-1942)." Archipel 49, no. 1 (1995): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.1995.3035.
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Wang, Yanning. "Qing Women's Poetry on Roaming as a Female Transcendent." NAN NÜ 12, no. 1 (2010): 65–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852610x518200.
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AbstractYouxian shi (poetry on roaming as a transcendent) has long been a conventional poetic genre in Chinese literature. It has been the common conception that youxian poetry was most popular from the Wei dynasty (220-265) through the Tang dynasty (618-907), and up until now, scholarly studies on the genre seemed to focus exclusively on Tang and pre-Tang periods. This gives the impression that after the Tang nothing of interest was written in this particular genre. Consequently, very little scholarly attention has been given to the youxian poems composed in post-Tang periods. This article examines youxian poems by Qing (1644-1911) women, specifically those poems entitled Nü youxian (roaming as a female transcendent). With the increasing consciousness of "self," the rise of groups of women writers, and the popularity of women's culture in late imperial China, youxian poems provided a unique literary space for women's poetic and autobiographical voices, certainly deserving more scholarly attention. I argue that by presenting female transcendents or women pursuing transcendence at the center of a poem and re-inscribing the traditional literary images, the poets created a stronger female subjectivity that reflected women's desires in their intellectual and spiritual lives. I also propose that nü youxian was a new subgenre of youxian poetry, emerging only in the context of the efflorescence of women's poetry.
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Feng, Jin. "Revolution Plus Love: Literary History, Women's Bodies, and Thematic Repetition in Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. Liu Jianmei." China Journal 53 (January 2005): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20066026.
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Israeli, Raphael. "The History of Women's Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own. Maria Jaschok , Shui Jingjun." China Journal 47 (January 2002): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3182118.
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Qian, Nanxiu. ""borrowing Foreign Mirrors and Candles To Illuminate Chinese Civilization": Xue Shaohui's Moral Vision in The Biographies of Foreign Women." NAN NÜ 6, no. 1 (2004): 60–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568526042523254.
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AbstractWaiguo lienü zhuan (Biographies of foreign women), the first systematic introduction of foreign women to the Chinese audience, was compiled by the late Qing writer Xue Shaohui (1866-1911) and her husband Chen Shoupeng (1857-?). This project represented an effort to advance the goals of the abortive 1898 reforms, a serious quest to incorporate Western experiences into the education of Chinese women. Through a close comparison with Western language sources, this article examines Xue Shaohui's reconceptualization of women's virtues through rewriting and sometimes twisting the original stories. The analysis focuses on sensitive moral issues—sex and power, the relationship between husband and wife, and the redefinition of wickedness when the conventional definition of a bad woman was no longer pertinent.
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Shen, Hsiu-Hua. "The Purchase of Transnational Intimacy: Women's Bodies, Transnational Masculine Privileges in Chinese Economic Zones." Asian Studies Review 32, no. 1 (2008): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357820701870759.
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Mulhern, Chieko Irie. "Japanese Harlequin Romances as Transcultural Woman's Fiction." Journal of Asian Studies 48, no. 1 (1989): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057664.
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My country “is now wholly given over to a d—d mob of scribbling women,” goes one of the most frequently quoted gender-related adages. Japanologists might be tempted to attribute this uncourtly utterance to a learned nobleman of Heian Japan (794–1185) embittered by the outpouring of vernacular narratives from women's writing brushes that were eclipsing male endeavors to emulate Chinese classics, or to an exasperated modern Japanese novelist in reference to the neo-Heian phenomenon, namely, the renaissance of women's literature in postwar Japan. Actually it was Nathaniel Hawthorne (1855:141) who made the now infamous sexist remark in chagrin at American women who were churning out best-sellers in force. Thereafter, this phenomenon abated for a full century, but since the 1960s, Western women writers have made a glorious resurgence, marked by unprecedented degrees of output and worldwide market domination in a genre known as the romance fiction. The title of the first romance series and the name of its publisher, Harlequin, has become something like a generic term with multiple signification.
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Spakowski, Nicola. "Women Labour Models and Socialist Transformation in early 1950s China." International Review of Social History 67, S30 (2022): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000705.
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AbstractThis article investigates Chinese women labour models (or labour heroines) of the early 1950s as actors and symbols of socialist transformation. It centres on the example of Shen Jilan (1929–2020), who was one of the most prominent women labour models of the time. Shen rose to fame through her struggle for equal pay for equal work in her native village, became a delegate to China's National People's Congress, and even participated in the Third World Congress of Women in Copenhagen in 1953. The article critically engages with the concept of “state feminism” and proposes a shift in focus from state–society relations to work as a means to understanding the transformation of women's lives under socialism. Socialist society was a society of producers and work shaped people's daily lives; it was central to identity formation and constituted the regulating mechanism of social relations. Indeed, women labour models, together with related categories of working women, came to typify the new Chinese woman, who was integral to and symbolic of socialist modernity. They epitomized communist theory about women's participation in production being the mechanism of their liberation. The article has three main parts, each of which addresses a different level (local, national, international), different constellations of actors and agency, and different aspects of the relationship between working women and socialist transformation. By tracing Shen Jilan's activities in various contexts, the article reveals the complexity, contradictions, multilayered nature, and also incompleteness of socialist transformation.
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Gu, Can, Carmen W. H. Chan, and Sheila Twinn. "How Sexual History and Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Screening Influence Chinese Women's Screening Behavior in Mainland China." Cancer Nursing 33, no. 6 (2010): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0b013e3181e456dc.
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Wielink, Michael. "Women and Communist China Under Mau Zedong:." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 4 (May 6, 2019): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/tg.v4i0.2126.
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The mid twentieth century was a tumultuous and transformative period in the history of China. Mao Zedong and the Communist Party seized control and established the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949, which was the culmination of over two decades of civil and international war. Mao Zedong’s famed political slogan: “Women Hold Up Half The Sky[1],” was powerful rhetoric, with the apparent emphasis on gender equality and inferred concepts of equality and sameness. Women did not achieve equality with men, nor did they attain egalitarian self-determination nor social autonomy. Nevertheless, when Chinese Communism under Chairman Mao is analyzed we discover women, both rural and urban, were able to challenge social, cultural, and economic gender stratification. Mao envisaged “women’s equality” as a dynamic force with an indelible power to help build a Chinese Communist State. This essay illustrates the ways in which women inextricably worked within Mao’s Communist nation building efforts to slowly erode gender inequalities. Yet despite the inability of full gender equality to be realized, this era allowed women to experience a broad range of experiences which contained the seeds of change toward breaking down gender inequality. Ultimately, Chinese women under Mao created a more fertile environment so the seeds of equality may continue to grow, perhaps bearing fruit of full “gender equality” in the future. 
 
 [1] Xin Huang, The Gender Legacy of the Mao Era: Women's Life Stories in Contemporary China (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2018): 14.
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Wei, S. Louisa. "Finding Voices Through Her Images." Feminist Media Histories 2, no. 2 (2016): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2016.2.2.32.
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This piece reflects on the process of researching and producing S. Louisa Wei's documentary Golden Gate Girls (2014) and the significance of Esther Eng in contemporary feminist conceptualizations of women's filmmaking in the 1930s and 1940s. The goal of the documentary and the research is to place Eng back into Chinese and U.S. film histories, from which she has effectively been forgotten. The photo essay uses text and images to describe and reflect on that process, on the challenge of researching Eng through the images that remain, and on the ways in which feminist film history might take account of her.
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McElderry, Andrea. "Woman Revolutionary: Xiang Jingyu." China Quarterly 105 (March 1986): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100003678x.
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Xiang Jingyu was executed in 1928 at the age of 33 and has since been enshrined as a communist martyr in China. Historically her life is of interest both as the record of an individual woman and of a specific group within a particular generation who embraced Marxism-Leninism as the solution to warlord–imperialist power in China. As a result of her martyrdom, however, it is not easy to separate the actual record of her life from her posthumous persona. This consideration is especially significant with regard to her position in the early Chinese Communist Party, and since she was charged with responsibility for building a communist women's movement, it is equally important in understanding aspects of the woman question in relation to early Party history. Careful examination of Xiang's activities tends to support the conclusion that the women's movement was accorded a low priority and that Xiang's position in the Party reflected this in spite of her posthumous elevation to high status.
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Ren, Xing, Heng Xi, and Paul Cephas. "ANALYSIS ON INFLUENCING FACTORS AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION OF CHINESE PROFESSIONAL WOMEN'S RETIREMENT DECISION-MAKING." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (2022): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.130.
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Abstract Background The gender division of labor in the traditional family structure is still a common phenomenon, that is, women bear most of the burden of family work. The coexistence of work pressure and family pressure makes this burden heavy. This paper aims to explore which factors and to what extent affect the retirement decision-making and psychological problems of contemporary Chinese professional women. Research Objects and Methods This paper takes female workers as the research sample and obtains 1383 effective cases. This paper uses SPSS 17 0 multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on the survey data to analyze the variables affecting the retirement intention of female employees. In order to study the impact of emotional regulation on female employees' retirement decision-making, this study also conducted a questionnaire survey on the sample. ① Personal basic information questionnaire: the contents mainly include the gender, email, mobile phone number, age, history of epilepsy or epilepsy, previous mindfulness practice experience and major events in recent life. It is mainly used for screening of subjects. ② Emotion regulation self-efficacy scale: the third version of the scale revised by Caprara in 2008 is usually used internationally. However, in the process of domestic testing, although the scale has good applicability, there are also some problems due to different cultural backgrounds. Based on this situation, Tian Xueying (2012) and others revised and tested the 2008 version of the scale in China in combination with China's social and cultural background. The results show that the revised scale has good applicability. This study will use Tian Xueying's revised scale for testing. ③ Happiness index scale: the happiness index scale compiled by Campell, including two questionnaires of overall emotion index and life satisfaction, has 9 items, including 8 pairs of emotional words and one life satisfaction question. The scale adopts 7-level scoring. The higher the score, the higher the happiness of the subjects. Results In terms of education level, respondents with high school education or below were less likely to retire early than those with bachelor's degree or above. From a health perspective, the worse the indicated health level, the more respondents tend to retire early. Taking into account family factors, the more dependants and independent sources of income, the more likely these women are to choose early retirement. With regard to work factors, women working in public institutions and enterprises are more likely to delay retirement than women in other occupations. People with low work intensity are more likely to delay retirement than those with high work intensity. Dissatisfied women are less likely to delay retirement than women who are generally satisfied with their job happiness. In terms of retirement expectation, women who choose to take care of their families or participate in recreational activities are more likely to retire than women who choose to continue working after retirement. Conclusion Under the influence of the conflict between the pressure of traditional gender roles and the transformation of modern society, Chinese women must balance the labor constraints in the family, social field and workplace. The results of this study show that the decision to participate more in family work will eventually reduce these women's participation in social work and lead them to retire earlier than men. The study suggests that we should fully understand the important position of women's emotional factors in retirement decision-making, actively promote the transformation of women's life role after retirement, pay special attention to their own life attitude and healthy behavior, and be a healthy self-manager, coordinator and collaborator. According to the psychological characteristics of these groups, the social stratum should actively and flexibly organize rich and colorful activities, strive to create a relaxed and harmonious living atmosphere, create friendly and mutually beneficial emotional family relations, encourage and guide these groups, make their psychology in the best state, and promote the healthy development of their good cognition and retirement life. Acknowledgements Supported by a project grant from Ministry of Education in China (Grant No.14JZD026).