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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinses'
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Kim, Hyun-cheol, and Seok-lim Kong. "Research of Korean Chinses Learners’ Speaking Fluency." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 77 (August 31, 2018): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.77.15.
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Lu, Shi-Qi, Jia-Yan Feng, Jie Liu, Xin-Bao Xie, Yi Lu, and Kuerbanjiang Abuduxikuer. "Glycogen storage disease type VI can progress to cirrhosis: ten Chinese patients with GSD VI and a literature review." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 10 (September 7, 2020): 1321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0173.
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AbstractObjectivesThe aim of our study is to systematically describe the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of Glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD VI), especially in Chinses population. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed ten Chinese children diagnosed as having GSD VI confirmed by next generation sequencing in Children’s Hospital of Fudan University and Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University. We described the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of GSD VI through the clinical and genetic data we collected. Moreover, we conducted a literature review, and we compared the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of GSD VI between Chinese population and non Chinese population. ResultsFor the first time, we found that four Chinese patients showed cirrhosis in liver biopsy characterized by the formation of regenerative nodules. In addition, c.772+1G>A and c.1900G>C, p.(Asp634His) were recurrent in three Chinese families and four European families respectively indicating that the genotypic spectrum of PYGL gene may vary among the population. Furthermore, we identified seven novel variants in PYGL gene. ConclusionsOur study enriched the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of GSD VI, and provided a new clue for management of GSD VI.
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유소단. "The Semantic Features and Functional Analysis of Modern Chinses Group Social Appellation." CHINESE LITERATURE 64, no. ll (August 2010): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21192/scll.64..201008.014.
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박정수. "Nationalism and Multiculturalism: A Case Analysis of Chinses Multiculturalism‘Culture of Pluralistic Integration'." Korean Political Science Review 47, no. 2 (June 2013): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18854/kpsr.2013.47.2.001.
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Miao, Cheng-lin, Li-yan Sun, and Li Yang. "Evaluation Research on Emergency Capability of Emergent Events in Chinses Coal Mine." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2017.11.6.02.
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Hu, Shi. "Understand the Turnover Intention among Kindergarten Teachers in Chinese Mainland." Journal Of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education 10, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol10.1.7.2020.
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In recent years, teachers in kindergarten from Chinese mainland face many new challenges after ECE promoting policy in 2010 by Chinses Ministry of Education. Therefore high-quality KG teachers with excellent job performance and long retention are necessary. However, due to the high workload and low salary the turnover intention among KG teachers in China is high. Once turnover happens, both direct cost and indirect cost would occur, which would bring negative influence on ECE quality. Due to the professional nature of KG teachers the replacement is hard therefore it is important to understand how to achieve retention of KG teachers. Therefore, workload and work-life conflict are identified as independent variables to predict the turnover intention among KG teachers in Chinese mainland mediated by job stress and moderated by family-supportive supervisor. At last, through data analysis by SmartPLS workload and work-life conflict are positively related to turnover intention among KG teachers in Chinese mainland mediated by job stress. However, family-supportive supervisor does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between workload, work-life conflict and job stress. This study gives new insights for understanding the factors that are related to turnover intention among KG teachers in Chinese mainland.
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Ji, Ziyang, Victor Chang, Hao Lan, Ching-Hsien Robert Hsu, and Raul Valverde. "Empirical Research on the Fama-French Three-Factor Model and a Sentiment-Related Four-Factor Model in the Chinese Blockchain Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 5170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125170.
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As one of the most significant components of financial technology (FinTech), blockchain technology arouses the interests of numerous investors in China, and the number of companies engaged in this field rises rapidly. The emotion of investors has an effect on stock returns, which is a hot topic in behavioral finance. Blockchain is an essential part of FinTech, and with the fast development of this technology, investors’ sentiment varies as well. The online information that directly reflects investors’ mood could be utilized for mining and quantifying to construct a sentiment index. For a better understanding of how well some factors adequately explain the return of stocks related to blockchain companies in the Chinese stock market, the Fama-French three-factor model (FFTFM) will be introduced in this paper. Furthermore, sentiment could be a new independent variable to enhance the explanatory power of the FFTFM. A comparison between those two models reveals that the sentiment factor could raise the explanatory power. The results also indicate that the Chinses blockchain industry does not own the size effect and book-to-market effect.
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Kazmi, Syed Mazahir, Ali Hammad, Arslan Ahmed, and Salman Zulfiqar. "Impact of Internal Cognitive Factors on Social Entrepreneurial Intention." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i1.14222.
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This aim of the study is to recognize the social entrepreneurial intention among youth who are the business undergraduate, graduate and professional students in Pakistan and China using the theory of planned behavior. 355 respondents from business Pakistani and Chinses universities using 54 item questionnaire. Systematized random sampling was employed to collect data. 72% (N = 256) of the respondents were male, and 28% (N = 98) were female, and most of the respondent's age range between 20 to 35 of age. To measure the intention and attitude of youth towards social entrepreneurship using emotional intelligence and moral obligation with Theory of planned behavior. The result demonstrates that the hypothesized research model of study describes 46% of the variance, which explains social entrepreneurship intention. Results indicate that emotional Intelligence a significant relationship with self-efficacy and attitude where it has a positive relationship with social norms but is not significant. Conversely, the moral obligation has a significant positive relationship with attitude, self-efficacy and social norms which leads towards social entrepreneurship. Research study focuses and contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature using new antecedents using emotional intelligence and moral obligation to measure the development of social entrepreneurial intention.
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Liu, Tao, Shuimiao Yang, Rongxi Peng, and Daquan Huang. "A Geographically Weighted Regression Model for Health Improvement: Insights from the Extension of Life Expectancy in China." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052022.
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Health improvement is an important social development goal for every country. By using a geographical weighted regression (GWR) model on the 5th and 6th censuses data, this paper analyzes the spatially varied influencing factors of the change in life expectancy of residents in Chinses cities. The results indicate that: (1) The initial level of life expectancy may have a negative correlation with its increase, indicating that life expectancy in different areas may eventually converge to a higher level; moreover, the degree of convergence of life expectancy in cities with different economic development levels is variant. (2) Results of geographically weighted regression model demonstrate significant spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the level of economic development, medical conditions, demographic structure, and natural environment on health improvement. Natural conditions, such as topography, dictate the change in life expectancy in most cities in the middle eastern region of China. Change of educational level is the leading factor in the vast western region while the change in birth rate is the most critical in Xinjiang. Thus, local-based strategies are critical for solving health problems, especially with a focus on promoting health conditions in middle-income and low-income areas.
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Chen, Yuhuan, Qiwen Chen, Xiaozhong Wang, Fan Sun, Yawei Fan, Xiaoru Liu, Hongyan Li, and Zeyuan Deng. "Hemostatic action of lotus leaf charcoal is probably due to transformation of flavonol aglycons from flavonol glycosides in traditional Chinses medicine." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 249 (March 2020): 112364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112364.
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Khan, Yasir, Taimoor Hassan, Wang Ming Yi, and Rahimullah Gulzar. "A Comparative Analysis Based on Economic Factors of Students Emigration from South Asia." Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research 5, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2018.52.201.208.
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Economic instability and higher unemployment significantly increased the number of students migration from all over the world, particularly South Asian countries in the last decade. Growing number of international student migration to abroad for higher education and search for better economic opportunity. This study will determine the economic impact of students’ emigration from South Asian countries particularly Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. A comparative analysis of the three border sharing countries have shown the long-term economic and political instability and a result of an economic and financial collapse in 2008, and also discuss how such an environment has affected student emigration from South Asia. This study is quantitative research using questioners as a tool to collect primary data, from the large sample size of 300 South Asian students studying in Chinses universities in China. This research work is based on two factors, 1) the deterioration of economic factors in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh have changed the students’ perception to migrate abroad; 2) the study also reflected that majority of Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi students want to stay in the host country. The findings indicated that all the related variables have significantly positive, economic instability, higher unemployment, lower salary, political instability, and lower quality education system. The logit-probit regression models with these variables could predict the higher value of the variance in the overall student migration to abroad. Findings are relevant for academic institutions and government agencies interested in international education, student migration behavior, comparative data as well as strategic policies.
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Apolloni, Rodrigo Wolff, and Chang Yuan Chiang. "Símbolos arcaicos, mágicos e religiosos em um cartaz da revolução cultural chinesa." Revista de Estudos da Religião (REVER). ISSN 1677-1222 11, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.21724/rever.v11i2.8140.
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O artigo investiga a presença de elementos simbólicos, muitos deles associados ao pensamento religioso chinês, em um cartaz da Revolução Cultural Chinesa. Para tanto, utiliza uma metodologia que associa diferentes áreas do conhecimento: Estudos Chineses (dentro dos quais, Estudos da Religiosidade Chinesa), Língua Chinesa e os símbolos a ela associados, Simbolismo, História, Teoria do Cartaz e Sociologia da Imagem. A aproximação em relação à temática chinesa no cartaz passou por um esforço de tradução e análise do texto escrito que o compõe. Para se aproximar de elementos da História, cultura e simbolismo religioso sínico presentes na peça de propaganda, utilizaram-se trabalhos de scholars como M. Granet, A. Cheng (Escolas de Pensamento, Simbolismo Religioso), K. Stevens (Religiosidade Popular e Iconografia Religiosa) e J. Spence (História), bem como obras literárias e cinematográficas chinesas. No que respeita aos símbolos (em seu caráter universal), ajudaram as observações de M. Eliade. Em relação aos aspectos associados specificamente aos cartazes, apelou-se a L. Gervereau (História), A. Moles (Teoria do Cartaz) e V. Flusser (Sociologia da Imagem; Teoria da Leitura Imagética). Com base no cruzamento dos referenciais teóricos, demonstra-se que a intelligentsia da Revolução Cultural utilizou símbolos arcaicos – religiosos e políticos – em peças de propaganda devotadas a promover um discurso de destruição e substituição dos antigos valores. Archaic, magical and religious symbols in a Chinese cultural revolution poster This article investigates the presence of symbolic elements, many of them associated with Chinese religious thought, in a propaganda poster of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. To this end, using a methodology that combines different areas of knowledge: Chinese Studies (within which, the study of religiosity Chinese), Chinese language and symbols associated with it, Symbolism, History, Theory and Sociology Poster Image. The rapprochement with the Chinese theme became the poster, at first, by an effort of translation and analysis of written text that compose it. To approximate the elements of history, culture and religious symbolism present in the Sinic piece of propaganda, the authors used the work of scholars such as M. Granet, A. Cheng (Schools of Thought, Religious Symbolism), K. Stevens (Popular Religiosity and religious iconography) and J.Spence (History) as well as Chinese literary works and films. With regard to the symbols (in their universality), appealed to the observations of M. Eliade. In relation to issues associated specifically with posters, appealed to L. Gervereau (History), A. Moles (Poster Theory) and Flusser (Sociology of the Image, Imagery Theory of Reading. Based on the intersection of the theoretical, the authors have demonstrate that the intelligentsia of the Cultural Revolution used archaic symbols - religious and political - in advertising devoted to promoting a discourse of destruction and replacement of old values. Keywords: Chinese Cultural Revolution, Symbolism, Iconography, Chinese Religions, Poster Theory, Imagetic Reading.
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Xiaodong, Li. "The Chinese Model and Chinese Wisdom of Modernization." EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA 33, no. 69 (December 30, 2020): 1223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/revedfil.v33n69a2019-56405.
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The Chinese Model and Chinese Wisdom of Modernization 1
Abstract: The Soviet model of socialism and the American model of capitalism are the two major solutions to modernization. Under the guidance of the traditional Chinese Doctrine of the Mean and the Marxist dialectical materialism, the Communist Party of China, by successively learning from these two major solutions and combining with the actual situation of China, has proposed Chinese solutions of socialism with Chinese characteristics to modernization of state governance and thus offered to the world Chinese wisdom beyond the conflicts between two major ideologies, namely, socialism and capitalism.
Keywords: State governance. Modernization. Chinese wisdom. Chinese situations.
O modelo chinês e a sabedoria chinesa da modernização
Resumo: O modelo soviético de socialismo e o modelo americano de capitalismo são as duas principais soluções para a modernização. Sob a orientação da doutrina chinesa tradicional do caminho do meio e do materialismo dialético marxista, o Partido Comunista da China, aprendendo sucessivamente com essas duas soluções principais e combinando-se com a situação atual da China, propôs soluções chinesas de socialismo com características chinesas, modernização da governança do estado e, assim, ofereceu ao mundo a sabedoria chinesa além dos conflitos entre duas grandes ideologias, a saber, socialismo e capitalismo.
Palavras-chave: Governança estatal. Modernização. Sabedoria chinesa. Situações chinesas.
El modelo chino y la sabiduría china de la modernización
Resumen: El modelo soviético del socialismo y el modelo estadounidense del capitalismo son las dos soluciones principales para la modernización. Bajo la guía de la Doctrina tradicional china de la media y el materialismo dialéctico marxista, el Partido Comunista de China, al aprender sucesivamente de estas dos soluciones principales y combinar con la situación actual de China, ha propuesto soluciones chinas del socialismo con características chinas para modernización de la gobernanza estatal y, por lo tanto, ofreció al mundo sabiduría china más allá de los conflictos entre dos ideologías principales, a saber, el socialismo y el capitalismo.
Palabras clave: Gobernanza estatal. Modernización. Sabiduría china. Situaciones chinas.
1This paper is related to “the Research of the Relationship between the Thought of the Communist Party of China about state Governance and Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture” supported by Beijing Social Science Fund Research Project Base (Project No. 17JDKDB003)
Data de registro: 30/07/2020
Data de aceite: 21/10/2020
1 This paper is related to “the Research of the Relationship between the Thought of the Communist Party of China about state Governance and Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture” supported by Beijing Social Science Fund Research Project Base (Project No. 17JDKDB003).
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Varela Monterroso, Lucía. "Estructura mediática china: una aproximación al caso de China Central Television (CCTV)." Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, no. 51 (2021): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ambitos.2021.i51.09.
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China’s Emerging superpower has become a key piece on the global information board in recent years. This study aims to delve into the Chinese media structure, paying special attention on the public television group China Central Television. From a diacritical perspective, one seeks to understand the crossroads underlying it; a descriptive methodological approach focused on content analysis will take an in-depth look at how the media and the administration that control them will be controlled. In 2018, the Chinese government carried out a “State institutional reform plan and the Deepening Party” whose main objective is based on improving public opinion about China on a global scale. Therefore, the transnational media conglomerate China Media Group was created. It has segmented and currently controls three Chinese media giants: on a television level, with China Central Television (CCTV) and radio with China National Radio and China Radio International. Using a historiographic methodology and the implementation of a descriptive methodological approach we will deepen into the following objectives. First, we seek to glimpse the way Chinese media organization is. It is then when we intended to know the way of control carried out by the government related to information and media and will eventually address the thematic content of Chinese public television (CCTV). The Chinese government’s desire for expansion around the world is particularly important, which aims to export Chinese singularities and thus to become a counterpoint to the single control currently exercise by the United States globally. Communication is a key point for China in this expansion.
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Nascimento, Monalisa Lustosa, and Alexandre Cesar Cunha Leite. "ACAPARAMIENTO E CONTROLE DE TERRAS: A PRESENÇA CHINESA EM TERRAS BRASILEIRAS E ARGENTINAS / Acaparamiento and control of land: the chinses presence in Brazilian and Argentina land / Acaparamiento y controle de tierras: la presencia china en tierras brasileñas y argentinas." REVISTA NERA, no. 56 (January 6, 2021): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i56.8068.
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A “febre pela terra”, disputa territorial global que surge partir da convergência de crises de 2008, apresentou consequências diversas. Uma delas é o controle de terras pelo capital transnacional, direcionado à reprodução, valorização e proteção de capitais, produção de commodities, produção de agrocombustíveis ou tão somente a especulação. Esta “corrida pela terra” culminou no surgimento e crescimento do fenômeno de Acaparamiento de Tierras ou apropriações capitalistas transnacionais de terras, também conhecido como Estrangeirização. Neste cenário, a América Latina tem sido um dos principais destinos da busca por terras pelo capital transnacional. Brasil e Argentina são avaliados neste artigo como os países latino-americanos com maior índice de Acaparamiento e Estrangeirização de Terras até 2019. Funcionando como países-chave para o acesso à América Latina, estes países também são avaliados enquanto principais exportadores latino-americanos de commodities como soja e milho. Por fim, toma-se como relevante o papel da China enquanto apropriador capitalista e que busca o controle de terras agricultáveis no Brasil e na Argentina. Para tal, são avaliadas as relações sino-brasileiras e sino-argentinas, os contratos que revelam o controle de terras pela China no Brasil e na Argentina e qual seu grau de sua atuação nestes países enquanto acaparador e estrangeirizador de terras latinas. Como citar este artigo:NASCIMENTO, Monalisa Lustosa; LEITE, Alexandre Cesar Cunha. Acaparamiento e controle de terras: a presença chinesa em terras brasileiras e argentinas. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 56, p. 162-186, jan.-abr., 2021.
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Su, Liufu, Xinyi Liu, Xiaochun Huang, and Mengli Huang. "Correlation of microsatellite-instable (MSI) status and genomic characteristics in 12,000 Chinese lung cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e21019-e21019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e21019.
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e21019 Background: Microsatellite-instable-high (MSI-H) is a strong biomarker for favorable response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICI) therapies. The objective response rate was 30%̃40% in advanced MSI-H solid tumors receiving ICI treatment, while MSI status is rarely considered in lung cancer in setting of ICI treatment. MSI-H occurred in 0.8%̃2% lung cancer patients tested by PCR method. Immune microenvironment of MSI-H lung cancer had not been studied on a large scale. We explored the association of MSI status, genetic profile and PD-L1 expression in a large Chinese lung cancer cohort to elucidate the molecular characteristics of MSI-H lung cancer. Methods: MSI status was determined by PCR test in tumor tissue and by an in-house algorithm in blood specimen. The tumor samples were sequenced by next-generation sequencing to call single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). PD-L1 expression was evaluated by TPS. Results: 67 pts were determined as MSI-H in total of 12,485 pts, namely the frequency of MSI-H was 0.5% in Chinses lung cancer. 26 MSI-H pts were harboring EGFR mutations, including Ex19del in 10 pts, L858R in 6 pts, T790M in 5 pts, EGFR gain in 4 pts, and other uncommon mutations such as C797, L861Q. Interestingly, no EGFR Ex20ins was detected. In the other 41 non-EGFR-mutant pts, RET fusion were detected in 2 pts, FGFR2/3 SNV were detected in 5 pts, KRAS activating SNVs were detected in 5 pts, and PIK3CA SNV/amplification were detected in 8 pts. No ICI response negative alterations (CDKN2A/B loss, MDM2/4 gain) were detected in MSI-H patients. 125 genes, including MSH6, MLH1, BRCA2, NOTCH1, TGFBR2, ACVR2A and etc, had higher frequency in MSI-H lung cancers than MSS lung cancers in our cohort. Moreover, only MAP3K1 gene SNV occurred more frequently in MSS lung cancers (4.5% vs 7.7%, p < 0.001). MSI-H lung cancer had a trend for enrichment of PD-L1 positivity (TPS > 1%) but no significance (58% vs 43%, p = 0.205). Conclusions: About 50% MSI-H lung cancers harbored actionable mutations for targeted agents (EGFR TKIs or other TKIs), while EGFR Ex20ins might exist mutually exclusively with MSI-H. MSI-H lung cancer had much more mutational genes than MSS lung cancer, which was consistent with previous studies. On the other hand, MAP3K1 was the only gene with lower mutational frequency in MSI-H lung cancer. Our results revealed the genetic mutational characteristics of MSI-H lung cancer and provided suggestions for treatment decisions of this patient population.
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Lin, D., Y. Wen, Y. Zhang, Q. Chen, Y. Pan, L. Qing, and J. Gu. "AB0347 INCREASING TO OPTIMAL METHOTREXATE DOSE MIGHT BE A BETTER TRADITIONAL DMARD STRATEGY IN RA TREATMENTS: A RANDOMIZED CASE-CONTROL TRIAL OF HAKKA PEOPLE IN SOUTHERN CHINA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1473.1–1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2709.
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Background:The optimal methotrexate (MTX) dose is defined as 0.3mg/kg/week or ≥ 20mg/week at 6 months. [1] Considering average weight of Chinese, [2] the optimal MTX should be >15mg/w. However, not more than 30% in 25191 RA cases ever had MTX treatment in CREDIT (Chinese Registry of Rheumatoid arthritis). [3] The biggest concern is side effects of MTX. Our study is to investigate whether increasing MTX would get better results accompanied with more side effects to Chinese people.Objectives:Hakka people have the purest genes of the majority people-Han in China. It is planned to recruit 160 RA patients in Meizhou, where is a gathering place of Hakka people.Methods:The RA volunteers had no relief with 10 mg/w oral dose of MTX with/without other 1-2 inadequate dose of DMARDs for at least 3 months. They were randomly divided into 1:1 groups*. The experimental group would be treated with original DMARDs and incremental MTX (gradually increased to the optimal oral dose (0.3 mg/k/w) in the first 12 weeks and folic acid (the dose adjusted on demand with range from 5 mg/w to 5mg tid). While the control group would be treated with original MTX dose(10mg/w) but incremental original DMARDs(gradually increased to the maximum dose in the first 12 weeks). The two groups would keep the treatment at 12thweek last to the 36thweek, and the efficacy and safety indexes would be evaluated during the whole study.Results:1)We planned to recruit 160 RA patients in our study. 46 Hakka RA patients were enrolled in the study so far. 2 of 46 finished the 24thweek visit and 24 finished the 36thweek visit. The average age is 54.2± 9.3 years old, the average weight is 59.1±11.1kg, and the female to male ratio is 41:5.2)The average Folic acid dose is 14.4±9.5mg/w in the experimental group at the 12thweek.3)The morning stiffness time, PGA, PhGA, HAQ, DAS28 were better in experimental group after 12 weeks though slightly worse during 0-12 weeks. 100%(12) patients in experimental group, while 66.67%(8/12) in control group reach ACR20.4) Only 1 case(5.9%,1/23)had adverse event while 6 cases (26%,6/23) occurred adverse events. All events were mild level. 1 case (4.2%,1/23) in control group withdrew from the study because the disease was getting worse during 0-24 weeks.Conclusion:Hakka patients in China might have better outcomes due to increasing MTX to the 0.3mg/kg/w dose than increasing the other DMARDs. Therefore, We recommended the Chinses patients choose MTX as first incremental DMARD. The appropriate dose of Folic acid plus with the optimal dose of MTX in our study is higher than previous studies (such as 13.0±4.8mg/w reported by Gaujoux-Viala, 2018[1]). We recommended Chinese patients take 15mg/w folic acid to prevent MTX side effects in view of lower folic acid level in Chinese population.[3]References:[1]Gaujoux-Viala C, Rincheval N, Dougados M, et al. Optimal methotrexate dose is associated with better clinical outcomes than non-optimal dose in daily practice: results from the ESPOIR early arthritis cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Dec;76(12):2054-2060.[2]Nan Jiang, Mengtao Li, Yanhong Wang, et al. Baseline characteristics and treatments among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the CREDIT study in China, 2016-2018. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Jun; 78 (Suppl 2) 1404-1405.[3]He Y, Pan A, Hu FB,et al. Folic acid supplementation, birth defects, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women: a population-based mega-cohort study, Lancet, 2016 Oct,Volume 388, Number 1, pp. S91-S91-(1)Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Coelho, Diva Julia Sousa da Cunha Safe, Saulo De Oliveira Pinto Coelho, and Ricardo Martins Spindola Diniz. "Constituição, constitucionalismo e efetividade na China: ilações entre cultura tradicional, práxis política e discurso constitucionalista no contexto chinês." Revista da Faculdade de Direito UFPR 62, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v62i3.53275.
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O presente artigo constrói uma comparação entre o discurso nomológico oficial da Constituição chinesa vigente e as diferentes abordagens sobre o papel da Constituição e dos direitos humano-fundamentais desenvolvidas pelos constitucionalistas chineses. Parte, como principal estratégia metodológica, da configuração de uma amostragem de obras construídas na literatura jurídica chinesa sobre a Constituição e os direitos humano-fundamentais naquele país. Ademais, incrementa-se a análise a partir da reflexão sobre a influência das diferentes tradições políticas e culturais chinesas nas igualmente diferentes perspectivas do constitucionalismo chinês contemporâneo. Como principais resultados verifica-se não só a existência de posições conflitantes na cultura constitucional chinesa como a presença majoritária de uma abordagem pragmática e utilitarista do discurso dos direitos humano-fundamentais e de uma primazia tanto das dinâmicas políticas, como econômicas, sobre as balizas constitucionais, que ainda possuem na China pouca capacidade vinculativa ou dirigente.
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YENİACUN, Selim Han. "YÜKSELEN GÜÇ ÇİN’İN GENÇLİK POLİTİKALARI VE ÇİN GENÇLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME." Asya Araştırmaları Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34189/asyam.4.2.006.
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Zhang, Miao. "Research on the Path of Constructing Foreign Discourse System——How to spread China’s Voice Well." Review of Educational Theory 3, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/ret.v3i2.1791.
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In an important speech delivered at the 2018 National Propaganda and Ideological Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Tell Chinese stories well, spread China’s voices, and increase the national cultural soft power and influence of Chinese culture." National soft power is mainly manifested in the attractiveness of a country, and the improvement of national soft power is conducive to enhancing the international voice. All along, China's hard power and China's soft power development are very unbalanced. China's hard power has not yet been reflected in China's cultural soft power and cultural influence, so that it cannot display China's national image well. Although China has the confidence and self-confidence to tell a good Chinese story, under the environment of international public opinion that "the west is strong and China is weak", it dares not take the initiative to speak up and has been in a dilemma of "being scolded". One of the most important reasons is that China ’s international communication capabilities are not enough. In the current era of highly developed information technology, whoever has advanced communication methods and strong communication capabilities, whoever has the cultural ideas and values can spread out, and who can master the right to speak internationally, it can be said that if there is no effective communication channel, it will fall into the dilemma of "justification is nowhere to be said, and there is no way to spread it."
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Owaki, Methody Florian, Mercy Mweni Kathina, Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa, Francis Maina Gichuru, and Eunice Amimo. "Chinese Language Teaching and Learning in Kenya in the Prospects of China’s Reform and Opening-up." Educational Process: International Journal 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2019.83.2.
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Zvarych, Roman, and Wei Linhai. "Environmental Sustainability in the context of China`s international trade Development." Herald of Economics, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.02.054.
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Introduction. International trade is closely related to environmental sustainable development, while promoting trade growth and environmental sustainable development are also the goals pursued by mankind. China's environmental sustainability is affected by both severe shortages of natural resources and severe environmental pollution. In addition, growing populations and rapid economic growth, as well as weak environmental controls, have increased demand for natural resources and affected their pollution. In the past year, in conditions of the complex international situation and the severe impact of COVID-19 pandemic, China’s foreign trade imports and exports have been significantly better than expected, and the scale of foreign trade has once again set a record high. However, how to ensure the growth of international trade while ensuring environmental protection? Sustainable development is one of the problems that the Chinese government needs to solve.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of fundamental provisions of crisis theory, international trade theory, theory of foreign trade of national ecological and economic systems, as well as modern concepts of post pandemic development. The solution of the set tasks was carried out by using a set of general scientific research methods: analysis of scientific literature, method of analogy and comparison, theoretical synthesis, classification, methodological generalization, economic and statistical analysis, expert assessments and scientific abstraction. The authors use the Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the General Administration of Customs, Baidu academic papers, and relevant documents in the CNKI database as data sources.The purpose of research – to prove the environmental sustainability in the context of China’s international trade development.Results. The research proved the environmental sustainability in the context of China’s international trade development. The research substantiates environmental sustainability in the context of China's international trade development. Related factors of international trade in the context of environmental sustainability have been identified. The formation of modern international trade in the conditions of changing the ecological environment of China is analyzed. Countermeasures on environmental sustainability in the context of China's growing international trade are proposed. Through the summary of research, it is found out the relevance and causality between trade and the environment, analyze and study the changes in relevant data, and summarize the main imbalances in the process of China's response to international trade and environmental sustainable development, so as to put forward corresponding problems in response to these issues solution.Prospects. The results of the research discover the environmental sustainability in the context of China's international trade. The prospect of further research is to apply the impact of the China's international trade development on its environmental sustainability for the development of domestic foreign trade policy.
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N.G. Abiken and E.M. Kagazbaeva. "«One belt, one road» initiative: a new concept of Chinese diplomacy." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 70, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-8940.03.
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The One Belt, One Road Initiative reflects China’s desire to take a politically and economically leading place in the modern world. The Chinese leadership explain the reason for the initiative to be put forward by the needs of China's internal development, emphasizing that external openness is an important impetus for the country's socio-economic development. China is becoming more active thanks to major international summits at its venue; initiative, the number of new initiatives and concepts is constantly growing, while old ideas are being developed.
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Xu, Jingwei. "Chinese Resource-for-Infrastructure (RFI) Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Future of the "Rules-Based" Framework for Sovereign Finance: The Sicomines Case Study." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 41.3 (2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.41.3.chinese.
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China has emerged as sub-Saharan Africa’s largest development financier over the past two decades. While commentators have observed novel, sui generis transactional structures in China’s financing arrangements, legal analysis of those contractual forms and their relationships to incumbent international economic governance regimes remains scant. This note addresses those scholarly lacunae, taking as its case study the 2008 Sicomines Agreement—a multi-billion USD investment financing agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and various Chinese corporate entities that merges infrastructure investment with a mineral extraction joint-venture project. It demonstrates that the Sicomines Agreement selectively draws on and integrates pre-existing modes of sovereign development finance, but in ways that subvert the extant legal and customary frameworks those modes have depended on. Legal issues arising under the Sicomines Agreement fall under two analytical categories: (1) areas of the Sicomines Agreement that the extant, “rules-based” framework governing sovereign development finance adequately captures; and (2) elements of the transaction that subvert that framework, confounding existing rules. This note concludes by considering what broader implications Chinese-origin development finance may have on the legal regimes and institutions governing the international financial system as a whole.
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Tingting, F. "Energy Factor in PRC’s Foreign Policy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2011): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-8-87-90.
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In recent years, China’s fast-growing economy has fuelled the demand for energy. For China energy policy becomes not only a part of foreign policy and diplomacy, but also part of the state development strategy. The article explores the main directions of China's energy policy at the present stage. A detailed analysis of energy factors in Chinese foreign policy at the present stage is undertaken. A particular attention is paid to the main vectors of energy cooperation between China and other countries and regions: Middle East, Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Russia.
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Apolloni, Rodrigo Wolff, and Chang Yuan Chiang. "Símbolos arcaicos, mágicos e religiosos em um cartaz da revolução cultural chinesa." Revista de Estudos da Religião (REVER). ISSN 1677-1222 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2012): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.21724/rever.v11i2.8157.
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O artigo investiga a presença de elementos simbólicos, muitos deles associados ao pensamento religioso chinês, em um cartaz da Revolução Cultural Chinesa. Para tanto, utiliza uma metodologia que associa diferentes áreas do conhecimento: Estudos Chineses (dentro dos quais, Estudos da Religiosidade Chinesa), Língua Chinesa e os símbolos a ela associados, Simbolismo, História, Teoria do Cartaz e Sociologia da Imagem. A aproximação em relação à temática chinesa no cartaz passou por um esforço de tradução e análise do texto escrito que o compõe. Para se aproximar de elementos da História, cultura e simbolismo religioso sínico presentes na peça de propaganda, utilizaram-se trabalhos de scholars como M. Granet, A. Cheng (Escolas de Pensamento, Simbolismo Religioso), K. Stevens (Religiosidade Popular e Iconografia Religiosa) e J. Spence (História), bem como obras literárias e cinematográficas chinesas. No que respeita aos símbolos (em seu caráter universal), ajudaram as observações de M. Eliade. Em relação aos aspectos associados especificamente aos cartazes, apelou-se a L. Gervereau (História), A. Moles (Teoria do Cartaz) e V. Flusser (Sociologia da Imagem; Teoria da Leitura Imagética). Com base no cruzamento dos referenciais teóricos, demonstra-se que a intelligentsia da Revolução Cultural utilizou símbolos arcaicos – religiosos e políticos – em peças de propaganda devotadas a promover um discurso de destruição e substituição dos antigos valores.
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Chen, Zhiming. "An Analysis of the Embodiment of Chinese Tea Culture in English Language and Literature Translation." Lifelong Education 9, no. 5 (August 2, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i5.1248.
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China’s tea culture has a long history. From the Silk Road to the Ancient Tea-Horse Road, the unique charm of tea has affected all parts of the world. With the increasing frequency of trade exchanges between China and the West in recent years, tea culture has also had a profound impact on the literary field of trade areas. influences. This article first analyzes the differences between Chinese and Western tea cultures, and then discusses the principles that China's tea culture should follow in the process of English translation, so as to allow China's tea culture to be more accurately spread to English-speaking countries, and to further promote the world's multicultural exchanges. , Let more people understand the tea culture of our country and experience the cultural charm of it.
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Seesaghur, Hans Nibshan. "Good Governance with Chinese characteristics: A perspective of China's Socialist Model." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i3.8028.
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Since the 1990s, scholars around the world have focused on the complexities of governance reforms. The vicissitudes of the 21st century witnessed global waves for public administration reforms. China, a fast developing socialist country, has been building a strong, robust and modern public governance system. The Socialist Governance of China with Chinese characteristics brought considerable changes in the political, economic and social spheres, transforming the lives of people for betterment. By bringing about economic development through state intervention, introducing rule of law upholding the significance of its people, fostering new ideas, and ushering the ideology of nationalism through “China Dream”, President Xi Jinping and his socialist governance policies have created an excellent example in the world, particularly the capitalist society, demonstrating how society can be developed through socialist ways. Yet, the dynamics of Chinese governance has always been part science and part mystery to other governments that have earned legitimacy through elections, while China’s leaders earned its legitimacy through selection of the most able and their performance in delivering sustained improvements in the quality of life of the Chinese citizens and China's international standing. This paper deals with assessing the relevance of China’s Socialist governance evolution into a science of managing public affairs and the pursuit to optimizing its impact on the state’s economic, political and social spheres.
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Huang, Taiyan. "Scientific understanding of the fundamentals of China's economic development." China Political Economy 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2020-0015.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is based on China’s economic fundamentals. Factor input, structural optimization and institutional reform, which determine the fundamentals of China's economic development, will actively prop up long-term, sustained and stable growth of the Chinese economy and keep China's potential economic growth rate stabilized within a reasonable growth range in the long term.Design/methodology/approachThe fundamentals of economic development of a country are the basic situation of economic operation determined by the country's main factors and the long-term trend thereof, and they have such characteristics as stability, internality and persistence.FindingsStability refers to economic operation that remains relatively stable within a reasonable growth range at a certain stage of development, and this does not rule out exceptional economic fluctuations in certain years due to the impact of unexpected short-term factors. For instance, the fundamentals of the Chinese economy during the period after the reform and opening-up are characterized by a sustained high growth rate.Originality/valueInternality refers to the intrinsic quantity and quality of all factors supporting the economic development of a country, especially the quantity and quality of the factors that play a decisive role in the economic development of a country at a specific stage. For instance, demographic dividend and capital formation have bolstered the high-speed growth of the Chinese economy since the reform and opening-up.
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d’Hooghe, Ingrid. "China’s Public Diplomacy Goes Political." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 16, no. 2-3 (March 1, 2021): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10067.
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Summary China’s growing confidence on the world stage under the leadership of President Xi Jinping is reflected in the country’s more active, vocal and, lately, even ‘wolf warrior’ diplomacy. It is also clearly visible in China’s public diplomacy approach, where priorities have shifted from advertising Chinese culture as the country’s major source of soft power to promoting China’s models of domestic and global governance. The Chinese government proudly presents policies such as the Belt and Road Initiative and, more recently China’s approach to the COVID-19 pandemic, as improvements in global governance or sometimes even as Chinese ‘gifts’ to the world. This article argues that under President Xi, the content and form of China’s public diplomacy have changed. China’s public diplomacy has hardened, it is more strongly controlled by the Chinese Communist Party and the content of China’s public diplomacy messages have become more political.
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Calvet, Louis-Jean. "Lacan e a escrita Chinesa: um inconsciente estruturado como escrita?" Alea : Estudos Neolatinos 14, no. 2 (December 2012): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-106x2012000200007.
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Tomando como ponto de partida o interesse de Lacan pela China e pela língua chinesa, o artigo discute as relações entre inconsciente e escrita a partir da escrita ideogramática chinesa. Observa-se, assim, à luz do diálogo de Lacan com os linguistas (Saussure, Benveniste), a tensão entre grafia e fonia nos pictogramas chineses, analisada também a partir de observações de psicanalistas chineses, para especular sobre a especificidade do inconsciente chinês.
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Darmawan, Arief Bakhtiar. "Perubahan Perilaku Politik Luar Negeri Tiongkok terhadap Isu Laut Tiongkok Selatan." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 4, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v4i2.6220.
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This article aims to explore China's foreign policy changes on the South China Sea dispute (SCS) since China has been willing to participate in regional or multilateral forums to date. This article argues that although the main characters and narratives of China’s foreign policy tend to be consistent, Chinese foreign policy behavior is changing. This study is a qualitative research that using non-numerical data sources, both primary and secondary. China's foreign policy behavior on the issue of SCS is divided into four phases. First, the passive and defensive phases. China still suspects that multilateral forums are a way of suppressing Chinese interests. Second, active phase. In this phase, China begins to believe in itself as a big and powerful country so as not to worry that multilateral forums will threaten its national security. Third, the initiative phase. China goes a step further by initiating some important multilateral initiative and multilateral breakthroughs in the long term project. Fourth, assertive phase. In this phase, China is involved in several incidents, consistent with their interests, while trying to refrain from initiating an open war. Through the change of foreign policy, China has adapted itself to contemporary international politics and has maintained its national interest in SCS.
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Gualberto do Nascimento, Lucas, and Monica Esmeralda Bruckmann Maynetto. "One Belt, One Road: a iniciativa chinesa de infraestrutura e a sua repercussão no BRICS." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n1.07.p117.
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O estudo pretende analisar a iniciativa chinesa de infraestrutura, chamada Belt and Road Initiative (B&R), ou One Belt, One Road (OBOR), mais conhecida como “A Nova Rota da Seda”, lançada oficialmente em 2013; e a partir de uma visão de expansão da influência chinesa tanto na economia como na política mundial, com o apoio de novas plataformas de cooperação entre países emergentes, como o BRICS. Ademais, o trabalho também explora as iniciativas globais chinesas de aproximação político-econômica, de maneira a influenciar o cenário político-econômico dos seus parceiros estratégicos no continente eurasiático expandido, na África e na América do Sul. Assim, é possível identificar as iniciativas e estratégias chinesas para a expansão da sua influência, a partir do incentivo à expansão econômica, junto a uma rede de fontes de financiamento com apoio do capital chinês; e, portanto, a atração de potenciais parceiros em suas zonas de influência imediata e transcontinental, em uma expansão planejada para o oeste. Por fim, é avaliado como o OBOR pode influenciar o BRICS e seus membros no fortalecimento do seu projeto de cooperação e benefício mútuos, a partir da ampliação da sua infraestrutura interna, promovendo mais uma aproximação física como nova etapa da crescente interação entre seus membros.
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the Chinese infrastructure initiative called the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R), or One Belt, One Road (OBOR), better known as "The New Silk Road", officially launched in 2013; and from a vision of expanding Chinese influence in both the economy and world politics with the support of new platforms of cooperation among emergent countries, such as the BRICS. In addition, the paper also explores the global Chinese political-economic approaches in order to influence the political-economic scenario of its strategic partners in the expanded Eurasian continent, Africa, and South America. Thus, it is possible to identify Chinese initiatives and strategies for expanding its influence, from the initative for economic expansion, to a network of Chinese-funded finance sources; and therefore the attraction of potential partners in zones of immediate and transcontinental influence, in a planned expansion to the west. Finally, it is evaluated how OBOR can influence BRICS and its members in strengthening its project of cooperation and mutual benefit, by expanding its internal infrastructure, promoting a more material cooperation as a new stage of the growing interaction among its members.
Keywords: Chinese foreign policy; China and OBOR; BRICS; Geopolitics.
Recebido em: março/2018.Aprovado em: fevereiro/2019.
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Kirkegaard, Julia Kirch. "Tackling Chinese Upgrading through Experimentalism and Pragmatism: The Case of China's Wind Turbine Industry." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46, no. 2 (August 2017): 7–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261704600202.
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This paper examines the development of China's wind turbine industry, shedding light on the Chinese mode of disruptive industrial upgrading through policy pragmatism and fragmented, experimental governance. Based on a historical analysis of China's wind turbine industry, the paper highlights three distinct phases, which are all marked by their own inbuilt and potentially self-disruptive impasses and associated crises. In turn, these impasses have forced the Chinese government into radical and flexible interventions, which have spurred on Chinese companies to creatively find new ways to develop and upgrade. The paper illustrates the transformation of Sino–foreign relations by China's non-linear upgrading approach, particularly during the Chinese wind power industry's quality crisis, and its development model. It also discusses the implications this examination of China's approach has for the literatures on China, upgrading, and catch-up. Finally, the paper calls on future studies to enquire further into China's distinct mode of industrial upgrading and its embeddedness in China's institutional context.
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Shi, An Na, and Su Juan Ge. "The Characteristics of China's Hydropower Projects Overseas Investment Risk and Possible Countermeasures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 2132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.2132.
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In the sustained rapid growth of the international economy, foreign investment and international business is becoming the next mainstream context, China vigorously implement the "going out" strategy, encouraging foreign investment. With economic growth, the rapid growth of the world's water and electricity consumption are also in the growing strength of China's hydropower companies powerful premise, accelerate the development of hydropower projects overseas investment is an inevitable trend. This is not only of significance for the development of major hydropower companies, while the international operations of Chinese enterprises to China’s energy security, energy policy have far-reaching implications. But the ever-changing international situation and uncertainty investment host country's investment environment for foreign investment in hydropower projects risk assessment and prevention challenges. Hydropower projects overseas investment risks should not be underestimated, risk assessment and prevention of improper investment will bring huge losses. This paper studies the characteristics of China's hydropower projects overseas investment risks and prevention.
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Huang, He. "Study on Monitoring System of Low-Carbon Industry Cluster Based on Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 1046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.1046.
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Industrial cluster has developed into an international economic status, this has received extensive concern. In the current world the economy is gradually transformed from industrialization to information technology, and gradually moves towards low-carbon road. Under the background of the current development of low carbon industry, which will directly affect China’s industrial road, at the same time the development of low carbon industrial cluster will also generate a very important influence on China's economy. The article is based on the theory of low carbon industrial cluster, combining with KAYA model, make a thorough inquiry of the approach and pattern of low carbon industry cluster development, put forward the analysis of the necessity and the feasibility of low carbon industry cluster development, and accordingly put forward path model of achieving the low carbon industrial cluster, in order to provide the powerful guidance for development of low carbon industry, realize the rapid development of Chinese economy, and low carbon development of Chinese industry.
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Shaofeng, Chen. "Has China's Foreign Energy Quest Enhanced Its Energy Security?" China Quarterly 207 (September 2011): 600–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741011000671.
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AbstractIn recent years China's national oil companies (NOCs) have proactively ventured abroad to look for more fossil fuel supply. Despite the divided views on their foreign energy quest, previous studies tend to consider the Chinese government and its NOCs to be a monolithic organism, and explicitly or implicitly presuppose that the Chinese NOCs' foreign energy quest could enhance China's energy security. This is, however, an untested hypothesis. To fill the gap, this article assesses the impact of Chinese NOCs' foreign energy quest on the country's energy security. Findings show that the Chinese NOCs have made some progress in their foreign energy quest, which contributes to their coffers and reserves, but that does not mean that China's energy security is greatly enhanced; in particular, the diversity and reliability of China's foreign oil sources are questionable.
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Arana, David Ibarra. "Luta estratégica para obter lealdades: discurso e políticas em direção a huaqiao华侨 através de relatórios de conferência na China (1951-1953)." Diálogos 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 137–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v24i1.51951.
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No contexto da Guerra Fria, são analisados os relatórios das conferências relacionadas aos Huaqiao, ou chineses estrangeiros, entre 1951 e 1953. Esse foi um período inicial de políticas divididas entre as comunidades chinesas no exterior, entre o governo da República Popular da China e Guomindang, em Taiwan. Mais do que apoiar as populações chinesas no exterior, enfrentando dinâmicas de exclusão e discriminação nos países em que residiam, esses governos chineses encontraram nos compatriotas estrangeiros um cenário de luta por lealdade através de discursos e estratégias políticas.
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Heberer, Thomas. "China in 2013." Asian Survey 54, no. 1 (January 2014): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2014.54.1.113.
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In 2013, China’s new party and state leadership specified its domestic and foreign policies in the context of Xi Jinping’s vision of the “Chinese Dream.” A new reform package modifying China’s growth and development model has been announced. In foreign policy, a debate has commenced regarding another side of the “Chinese Dream”: China’s rise as a “Great Power.”
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Zhu, Yiming. "New National Initiatives of Modernizing Education in China." ECNU Review of Education 2, no. 3 (September 2019): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096531119868069.
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Purpose: This article aims to shed light on a latest education policy blueprint in China, titled China’s education modernization 2035, which was issued by the Central Government of China in February of 2019. Design/Approach/Methods: This is an analytical policy review. Findings: The author argues that this new Chinese educational policy was driven by three factors: UN 2030 Agenda, China’s national strategy, and Chinese educational reform and improvement. In China’s education modernization 2035, eight key principles were rooted in the Chinese context and also recognized by international society. According to this policy initiative, 10 specific strategical tasks are outlined to reform Chinese education toward 2035. Originality/Value: The article will be useful to learn and understand the new directions and the future approaches of Chinese education development and reform toward 2035.
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Chang, Qing. "Architectural Models and Their Contexts in China’s 20th-Century Architectural Heritage: An Overview." Built Heritage 3, no. 4 (December 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545715.
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AbstractThe article explores the morphological evolution of China’s 20th-century architecture chronologically. Chinese Neoclassicism has played a major role in forming the 20th-century heritage buildings surviving today. The phenomenon of Neoclassicism emerged because of the late arrival of China’s modernisation and industrialisation process compared with the West. In turn, in accepting and contesting Western culture, the Chinese elite have consciously relied upon architecture as a vehicle to uphold visible symbols of national Chinese identity and traditional Chinese culture. Meanwhile, in the foreign settlements of the treaty ports such as Shanghai, the Western Neoclassical style, along with other imported construction trends, also forms part of China’s 20th-century architectural heritage. Western Neoclassicism’s influence on China’s new architecture became even more evident in the mid-20th century, with the modern architectural heritage in Tiananmen Square as its exemplar. Nevertheless, the impact of Western modernist architecture on China’s architecture was minimal. It was not until the 1980s, as China reopened to the world, that various schools of thought from the post-industrial West flowed into China, which significantly enriched the types and sources of China’s 20th-century architectural heritage. Modern Classicism, late Modernism and Postmodernism all found their way into China’s contemporary architecture.
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Skorokhod, Yu. "THE EVOLUTION OF CHINAʼS POSITION ON UN PEACEKEEPING." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 133 (2017): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.133.0.26-39.
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Since the accession of the People’s Republic of China to the UN in 1971, its approach to UN peacekeeping operations underwent significant alterations at least three times: after 1981, 1989/1990 and after 2003. This article examines the peculiarities of China’s approach to UN peacekeeping operations in 1971–1980 as to the tool of interference in the internal affairs of small states exercised by superpowers. The article claims that although Beijing’s approach to participation in UN peacekeeping efforts changed when in 1981 China began to vote on the UN Security Council for extending the mandates of UN current operations and began to pay contributions to the budget for peacekeeping, the evolution of China’s stance towards UN peacekeeping activities in fact became apparent only following the end of the Cold War, when China was able to take part in launching and implementation of the new peacekeeping operations. Beijing’s vision of the settlement of conflicts in the Persian Gulf (1990–1991) and Somalia, which had a significant impact on China’s position on the new trends in the development of UN peacekeeping practices, was also explored in the article. The author provides a thorough analysis of the main features of Chinaʼs stance on the development of theory and practice of UN peacekeeping in 1981–2003 and points out that in contrast to the previous period of 1971–1980 the countryʼs opposition to it was limited but not overwhelming, since China had elaborated its attitude towards peacekeeping in terms of its own national interests but not ideological reasons, in particular because of the need to create favorable external conditions for implementation of domestic reforms. The article also pays much attention to the study of changes which Chinaʼs peacekeeping policy has undergone since 2003 and which were marked by a significant increase in Chinaʼs participation in UN peacekeeping. The author explains the reasons behind reconsideration by the Chinese leadership of the role which UN peacekeeping played in Beijingʼs strategy of foreign policy; the article also defined political and reputational benefits which China derived from participating in UN peacekeeping operations. The conclusion is that Beijingʼs position on UN peacekeeping evolved from vivid obstructionism to active participation because of significant changes in Chinaʼs foreign and security policy and the development of theory and practice of UN peacekeeping in the post-Cold War period. The article proves that the core traits of Chinaʼs policy towards UN peacekeeping are flexibility and pragmatism.
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Roziqin, Roziqin. "RULE OF LAW AND ITS EFFECT ON CHINESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." AL WASATH Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47776/alwasath.v2i1.166.
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China's economic growth during the Covid-19 pandemic was impressive because it did not fell into recession. China's government has become a role model for facing Covid-19 outbreaks. China is now the world's wealthiest country, if we see its Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity (GDP-PPP). China's position as the number one globally is faster than Jacques's prediction in 2009 that it will happen in 2050. For China, which does not implement liberal democracy, the writer hypothesizes that the reasonable choice to develop the economy is state-driven development through the rule of law. At present, the rule of law has become a daily conversation of the Chinese people. However, there are still many outsiders who doubt China has and applies the rule of law. It happens because China implements the rule of law with Chinese characteristics. This research will study the rule of law with Chinese characteristics, China's effort to implement the rule of law, and the rule of law on China's economy. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to explain the rule of law with Chinese characteristics. It will analyze the rule of law concept and its effect on China's economy. China applies the rule of law with Chinese characteristics based on Chinese traditions, which are heavily influenced by Confucius's teachings and prioritize obligations rather than rights. China has done many reforms action to implement the rule of law. The implementation of the rule of law in china makes China become a prosperous country now.
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Jatobá, Júlio Reis. "Poéticas do Traduzir a, na e para a China: uma proposta." Cadernos de Tradução 39, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 120–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2019v39nespp120.
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Neste artigo apresentaremos e discutiremos alguns pensares do traduzir na e a China que nos conduzam à proposição de uma “poética do traduzir na China” e de uma “poética de traduzir a China”. Para cumprir este objetivo, traçaremos um breve panorama das perspectivas históricas e filosóficas das línguas chinesas e da literatura na China, bem como a visão de autores, tradutores e acadêmicos chineses e brasileiros sobre traduzir literatura da ou para a China. Iniciaremos nossa discussão com uma contextualização sobre a necessidade de (re)considerar as noções de língua, literatura e tradução nos tempo-espaços e espaços-geográficos da civilização chinesa para, em seguida, discorrer sobre a aplicação das noções de chinesidade (Yang Lian), traduto(meio)logia e traição criativa (Xie Tianzhen), paralaxe tradutória (Jatobá) e, ainda, da metáfora do Taotie (Ricardo Portugal), como alternativas para propor uma “poética do traduzir a, na e para a China”.
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Oh, Yoon Ah. "Chinese development aid to Asia: Size and motives." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 5, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891119836521.
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This research note empirically examines China’s development assistance to Asia, a region critical to China’s geostrategic ambition, from 2000 to 2014. It uses AidData’s Global Chinese Official Finance Dataset, one of the most reliable publicly available data sources on Chinese aid, which systematically collects and classifies different types of China’s official development finance. It is found that, despite a recent surge, China’s development assistance to Asia remains highly limited compared to that of Japan, Asia’s top donor, and that the economic sectors of energy, transport, and mining dominate financial flows. Econometric analysis results suggest that China’s aid allocation in Asia is influenced by its export relations, but, more importantly, that foreign policy considerations do not play a significant role, which is in contrast to the findings of recent work on Chinese aid to Africa. The results suggest that better measures may be needed to properly capture China’s strategic interests in Asia, including its involvement in the territorial dispute in the South China Sea.
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Roskam, Cole. "Situating Chinese Architecture within “A Century of Progress”." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 73, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.3.347.
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Situating Chinese Architecture within “A Century of Progress”: The Chinese Pavilion, the Bendix Golden Temple, and the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair explores the overlooked role played by Chicago’s 1933 World’s Fair in China’s twentieth-century architectural development. The exposition initially represented a valuable opportunity for China’s recently established Guomindang administration to highlight its new political agenda via a national pavilion that would also symbolize the country’s search for a modern, uniquely Chinese architectural expression. Numerous financial and geopolitical obstacles would eventually prevent official Chinese participation, and two unofficial structures were completed instead on China’s behalf: a privately financed Chinese pavilion and a piece-by-piece reconstruction of an eighteenth-century Qing replica of a Tibetan Buddhist shrine, the Golden Temple, sponsored by the Chicago-based industrialist Vincent Bendix. Cole Roskam investigates the transnational forces that produced these buildings at the fair and argues that the event should be considered an important new point of inquiry in the study of Chinese modern architecture.
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Oh, Seung-Youn. "China's Race to the Top: Regional and Global Implications of China's Industrial Policy." World Trade Review 20, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474562000052x.
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AbstractThe paper examines the global and regional implications of China's revitalized state capitalism model through the sectoral lens of the Chinese automotive industry, which stands at the intersection of both traditional and green industrial policy. At the multinational level, China skillfully facilitates local policy implementation that creates excess capacity by propping up local and national champions through convenient compliance with the WTO. At the bilateral level, China closely links purchasing and coercive diplomacy with protections for Chinese players both at home and abroad. Key endeavors like the Belt and Road Initiative open up overseas markets to develop global champions and secure foreign footholds for Chinese champions. Additionally, China's increasing reliance on exclusionary diplomacy provides political justifications to discriminate against foreign competitors within the Chinese market while moving forward with industrial upgrading of domestic players. When linked together, these factors – all byproducts of China's approach to state-led capitalism – combine to explain China's efforts to create a race to the top.
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Liu, Xiahui. "Structural changes and economic growth in China over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up." China Political Economy 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-05-2020-0010.
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PurposeDuring the process of reform and opening-up, the structural transformations of the Chinese economy have two significant leaps forward and demonstrate a process of “rural area–industrialization (urban industry and rural industry)–urbanization” development powered by the main engine of economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThese two leaps forward resulted in transitions of economic structure in China. In the author’s view, structural transformations are closely related to China's economic reforms and can be divided into clear phases.FindingsThe structural transformations have two significant leaps forward and demonstrate a process of “rural area–industry (urban industry and rural industry)–urban area development” powered by the main engine of economic growth.Originality/valueThis paper reviews and summarizes the development and structural transformations in China’s economy over the last 40 years. The author believes that China’s economic miracle is accompanied by dramatic changes in its economic structure, which is particularly characterized by the ongoing process of transition from a traditional agricultural economy into a country with high industrial output, from industrialization into urbanization and from a planned economy into a market economy.
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Oyeniran, Rassidy, and Emile Uwamahoro. "Impacts of Reforms in Chinese Educational System." International Journal of Education 9, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i1.10495.
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This paper focuses on the impacts of the reforms in Chinese educational system. Education ispart of China’s overall development and it is known that the last recent decades the wholeChinese educational system has been the subject of unprecedented reforms. The increasedimpact of educational reforms has provided significant human resources and innovation,which facilitated progress in the economic, political, cultural, and social development. Thedevelopment of China's education system has been a major factor in its economic and socialgrowth. This article aims to examine some of the effects that the reforms have generated onthe entire Chinese education system and provide guidelines for minimizing limitations andweaknesses of the education system in its reforms. Using a qualitative approach to collect thedata drawn from articles and materials, this paper aims to discuss educational reforms andhow they affect the Chinese education system by exploiting the readings related to the subject.Some progress has been achieved in the extent to which transformations are perceptible.Gains have been made through educational policies supported by good economic health foryears. Despite the progress, education seems to be the field of some contradictions and thereis a need to overcome certain shortcomings and weaknesses of educative practices that theChinese educational system is still facing. Possible solutions are proposed in conclusion andrecommendation.
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Chenlin, Chen. "THE ENLIGHTENMENT OF CHINA'S CULTURAL SOFT POWER DEVELOPMENT ON UKRAINE." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 3-4(22-23) (2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2018/3-4(22-23)/2.
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Cultural soft power is the overall influence and competitiveness of a country's culture. Enhancing the soft power of national culture has become a major strategic issue of each country all over the world. As the world’s second largest economy, the development of cultural industry and the promotion of Chinese culture has always been regarded as an important task, which has made good achievements in the development of China’s cultural soft power. Especially, in recent years, China's leaders have paid high attention to cultural soft power, which has produced cultural influence and attraction to a certain level internationally, and created a beautiful image of China at the same time. This paper makes a systematic analysis on the effect of the development of China's cultural soft power. By combining with the reality of the development of Ukraine's cultural soft power, this paper tries to put forward the way and strategies to develop Ukraine's cultural soft power, to improve policies and regulations, and to implement innovative development of Ukraine's culture on the basis of studying the development measures and beneficial experience of China's cultural soft power. In this way, Ukraine's cultural industry will be stronger and larger, and then, the system of Ukraine’s culture dissemination to foreign countries will be established.