Academic literature on the topic 'Chip production rate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chip production rate"
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Gilbert, Wesley, Ivan Trush, Bruce Allison, Randy Reimer, and Howard Mason. "Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture." May 2018 17, no. 05 (June 1, 2018): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj17.05.295.
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Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.
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Lee, Jue-Hyun, and Angela A. Sodemann. "Geometrical Simulation of Chip Production Rate in Micro-EndMilling." Procedia Manufacturing 26 (2018): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.029.
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Lee, Jue-Hyun, and Angela Sodemann. "Reliability of Cutting Edge Radius Estimator Based on Chip Production Rate for Micro End Milling." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3010025.
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In this paper, the reliability of a new online cutting edge radius estimator for micro end milling is evaluated. This estimator predicts the cutting edge radius by detecting the drop in the chip production rate as the cutting edge of a micro end mill slips over the workpiece when the minimum chip thickness (MCT) becomes larger than the uncut chip thickness (UCT), thus transitioning from the shearing to the ploughing dominant regime. This study proposes a method of calibrating the cutting edge radius estimator by determining two parameters from training data: a ‘size filtering threshold’ that specifies the smallest-size chip that should be counted, and a ‘drop detection threshold’ that distinguishes the drop in the number of chips at the actual critical feedrate from the number drops at the other feedrates. This study then evaluates the accuracy of the calibrated estimator from testing data for determining the ‘critical feedrate’—the feedrate at which the MCT and UCT will be equal. It is found that the estimator is successful in determining the critical feedrate to within 1 mm/s in 84% of trials.
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Rahman, M. Azizur, Md Shahnewaz Bhuiyan, Sourav Sharma, Mohammad Saeed Kamal, M. M. Musabbir Imtiaz, Abdullah Alfaify, Trung-Thanh Nguyen, et al. "Influence of Feed Rate Response (FRR) on Chip Formation in Micro and Macro Machining of Al Alloy." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010159.
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In this paper, the investigation of chip formation of aluminum alloy in different machining strategies (i.e., micro and macro cutting) is performed to develop a holistic view of the chip formation phenomenon. The study of chip morphology is useful to understand the mechanics of surface generation in machining. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the feed rate response (FRR) in both ultra-precision micro and conventional macro machining processes. A comprehensive study was carried out to explore the material removal mechanics with both experimental findings and theoretical insights. The results of the variation of chip morphology showed the dependence on feed rate in orthogonal turning. The transformation of discontinuous to continuous chip production—a remarkable phenomenon in micro machining—has been identified for the conventional macro machining of Al alloy. This is validated by the surface crevice formation in the transition region. Variation of the surface morphology confirms the phenomenology (transformation mechanics) of chip formation.
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Lin, Shen Yung, and S. H. Cheng. "Investigation of the Chip Types in High Speed Machining of SKD11 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.1009.
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High speed machining is very popular and widely used in industry recently, and it has been accepted as a key technology for die and mold steel manufacturing because it has much advantage as compared with conventional machining such as low cutting resistance, low cutting heat generation and high production rate, etc. The finite element method is utilized in this study to simulate the processes of chip formation during high speed machining of SKD11 die steel workpiece step by step from an incipient of tool-workpiece engagement to a steady state of chip formation. The effects of different combinations of cutting conditions such as cutting velocity, feed rate, rake angle and nose radius of the tool on the curly types of chip formation are investigated thoroughly for establishing the related skill for high speed machining or for predicting the chip morphology in advance.
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Sandberg, Christer, Erik Nelsson, Birgitta A. Engberg, Jan-Erik Berg, and Per Engstrand. "Effects of chip pretreatment and feeding segments on specific energy and pulp quality in TMP production." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3052.
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Abstract Increased wood softening and refining intensity have earlier been utilized to improve refining efficiency in mechanical pulping. We have evaluated a combination of increased softening by low dose sulphite chip pretreatment and increased intensity by feeding segment design in a TMP line for production of high quality printing papers. Norway spruce wood chips were preheated, compressed in an Impressafiner and impregnated with water or sodium sulphite solutions (Na2SO3 charges 3.6 and 7.2 kg/t). Chips were refined in two parallel 68” double disc refiners using two different refining conditions: standard bidirectional segments at normal production rate (9 t/h) and feeding segments at increased production rate (11.1–12.1 t/h). The feeding segments enabled a 30 % increase in production rate. Refining with feeding segments at 12.1 t/h production rate combined with chip pretreatment with 3.6 kg/t sodium sulphite reduced the specific energy 360 kWh/t (19 %) compared to refining with standard segments and no pretreatment. Pulp properties were similar for the two configurations. The combination of feeding segments and chip pretreatment with water reduced the specific energy 180 kWh/t (9 %). Implementation of most of the technology presented has reduced the electrical energy use for the mill by approximately 80 GWh/year.
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Lee, Jue-Hyun, Angela A. Sodemann, and Anuj K. Bajaj. "Experimental validation of chip production rate as a tool wear identification in micro-endmilling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 103, no. 1-4 (March 26, 2019): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03602-8.
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Fokin, S. V., and O. A. Fomina. "Energy wood production by disk cutting machines with different methods of chip emission." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 2 (April 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-2-99-107.
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The article describes the methodology of physical and mathematical modeling of the mechanism for ejection of chips of a disk chipper. This technique allows you to calculate and optimize the design and technological parameters of the chip ejection mechanism. To accomplish this task, the flow of chip elements was divided into separate spherical elements, and the working surfaces of the chip ejection mechanism are represented by a set of fragments of planes conjugated to each other. When creating a mathematical model for calculating and optimizing the design and technological parameters of the chip ejection mechanism, the following indicators of the efficiency of the chip ejection mechanism were analyzed: the rate of chip ejection at the exit of the chipping line, the probability of chip ejection from the first revolution of the chipping disk, the mechanical power consumed for the ejection of chips after the stage of crushing the cut residues knives. The mathematical model is implemented in a computer program in the Object Pascal language in the Delphi 7 development environment. The program allows carrying out computer experiments to analyze the movement in the casing and chipping of chips obtained from felling residues and to study the effect of the design and technological parameters of the ejection mechanism on the efficiency of the disk chipper. The computer studies carried out made it possible to determine the best numerical ranges of the chipping disk rotation frequency and the number of blades located on the chipping disk. The likelihood of chip entrainment at the first revolution of the chipping disk and the power consumption for the ejection of chips from the disk chipper were also determined.
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Abidi, Youcef. "Relationship between surface roughness and chip morphology when turning hardened steel." Production Engineering Archives 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2020.26.19.
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AbstractHard machining is a process which has become highly recommended in manufacturing industry to replace grinding and perform production. The important technological parameters that determine this process are tool wear, machined surface roughness, cutting force and morphology of the removed chip. In this work, an attempt has been made to analyse the morphology and form of chip removed during turning of hardened steel AISI 1045 (40HRC) with mixed ceramic tool type CC650. Using a Taguchi plan L9, whose factors are cutting speed and feed rate with three levels for each. Macroscopic and microscopic results of chip morphology were correlated with these two cutting parameters additional to surface roughness. Sufficient experimental results were obtained using the mixed ceramic tool when turning of hardened steel AISI 1045 (40HRC) at high cutting speeds. Roughness of machined surface confirmed that it is influenced by feed rate. Chips show a sawtooth shape for all combinations of the experimental plan used. The chip form changed with cutting parameters variation and given an important indicator of suraface quality for industriel. Having the indicators on the surface quality from simple control of chip without stopping machining give an important advantage in order to maximize production and reduce costs.
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Karim, N. A., Muhammad M. Ramli, C. M. R. Ghazali, and M. N. Mohtar. "Synthetic graphite production of oil palm trunk chip at various heating rate via pyrolisis process." Materials Today: Proceedings 16 (2019): 2088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.096.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Chip production rate"
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"Chip Production Rate and Tool Wear Estimation in Micro-EndMilling." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53594.
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abstract: In this research, a new cutting edge wear estimator for micro-endmilling is developed and the reliabillity of the estimator is evaluated. The main concept of this estimator is the minimum chip thickness effect. This estimator predicts the cutting edge radius by detecting the drop in the chip production rate as the cutting edge of a micro- endmill slips over the workpiece when the minimum chip thickness becomes larger than the uncut chip thickness, thus transitioning from the shearing to the ploughing dominant regime. The chip production rate is investigated through simulation and experiment. The simulation and the experiment show that the chip production rate decreases when the minimum chip thickness becomes larger than the uncut chip thickness. Also, the reliability of this estimator is evaluated. The probability of correct estimation of the cutting edge radius is more than 80%. This cutting edge wear estimator could be applied to an online tool wear estimation system. Then, a large number of cutting edge wear data could be obtained. From the data, a cutting edge wear model could be developed in terms of the machine control parameters so that the optimum control parameters could be applied to increase the tool life and the machining quality as well by minimizing the cutting edge wear rate.
In addition, in order to find the stable condition of the machining, the stabillity lobe of the system is created by measuring the dynamic parameters. This process is needed prior to the cutting edge wear estimation since the chatter would affect the cutting edge wear and the chip production rate. In this research, a new experimental set-up for measuring the dynamic parameters is developed by using a high speed camera with microscope lens and a loadcell. The loadcell is used to measure the stiffness of the tool-holder assembly of the machine and the high speed camera is used to measure the natural frequency and the damping ratio. From the measured data, a stability lobe is created. Even though this new method needs further research, it could be more cost-effective than the conventional methods in the future.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2019
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"Investigation of Chip Production Rate as an Indicator of Micromilling Tool Wear." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36425.
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abstract: The demand for miniaturized components with feature sizes as small as tens of microns and tolerances as small as 0.1 microns is on the rise in the fields of aerospace, electronics, optics and biomedical engineering. Micromilling has proven to be a process capable of generating the required accuracy for these features and is an alternative to various non-mechanical micro-manufacturing processes which are limited in terms of cost and productivity, especially at the micro-meso scale. The micromilling process is on the surface, a miniaturized version of conventional milling, hence inheriting its benefits. However, the reduction in scale by a few magnitudes makes the process peculiar and unique; and the macro-scale theories have failed to successfully explain the micromilling process and its machining parameters. One such characteristic is the unpredictable nature of tool wear and breakage. There is a large cost benefit that can be realized by improving tool life. Workpiece rejection can also be reduced by successfully monitoring the condition of the tool to avoid issues. Many researchers have developed Tool Condition Monitoring and Tool Wear Modeling systems to address the issue of tool wear, and to obtain new knowledge. In this research, a tool wear modeling effort is undertaken with a new approach. A new tool wear signature is used for real-time data collection and modeling of tool wear. A theoretical correlation between the number of metal chips produced during machining and the condition of the tool is introduced. Experimentally, it is found that the number of chips produced drops with respect to the feedrate of the cutting process i.e. when the uncut chip thickness is below the theoretical minimum chip thickness.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2015
Books on the topic "Chip production rate"
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Boute, Anatole, and Sergey Seliverstov. A Tortuous Path to Efficiency and Innovation in Heat Supply. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0012.
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Early innovators in CHP-DH, the Soviet Union opted for the large-scale deployment of CHP-DH to ensure the centralized supply of heat and electricity, while in most countries’ heat production and supply was developed based on individual boilers. Currently, Russian heat production installations have low energy efficiency. CHP-DH penetration rate has been decreasing as consumers have started to switch to individual boilers. This ‘chaotic boilerization’ trend threatens to nullify the innovation gains achieved by Russia. To attract investments in the modernization of the CHP-DH infrastructure, Russia adopted an innovative approach to regulation: market-based principles in heat supply. Surprisingly, despite government interference, authorities have concluded that the market—instead of subsidies—must drive innovation. Russian experience highlights the difficulty of implementing innovative market-based reforms to attract investments in CHP-DH systems. Price limits avoid abuses of the heat suppliers’ de facto monopoly and thus remain a crucial regulatory task to ensure affordability.
Book chapters on the topic "Chip production rate"
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Ozenbas, Deniz, Michael S. Pagano, Robert A. Schwartz, and Bruce W. Weber. "Economics and the Equity Market: A Microeconomics Course Application." In Classroom Companion: Business, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74817-3_1.
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AbstractEconomics encompasses two broad subjects: macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics deals with an economy in aggregate and addresses issues such as inflation, unemployment, interest rates, and economic growth. We present a macroeconomic perspective in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-74817-3_3. Microeconomics, the focus of this chapter, operates, as its name indicates, on the micro level, addressing household consumption decisions and the production decisions of firms. In this chapter, we focus on the parallels (and a few differences) between a standard microeconomics formulation (a household’s selection of an optimal consumption bundle) and a standard finance model (an investor’s selection of a portfolio that optimally combines a riskless asset – cash – and a risky equity portfolio). The finance formulation is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). CAPM is a keystone of what is known as modern portfolio theory, the originator of which is Harry Markowitz who was awarded a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990 for having developed the theory of portfolio choice. We then introduce friction (trading costs) and show how CAPM’s frictionless market equilibrium is perturbed. The analysis provides a good lead-in to the next chapter on finance.
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Dey, Debasri, and D. Sinha. "System Dynamics Simulation of a Supply Chain Intelligence Model." In Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets, 71–83. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9795-9.ch004.
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Supply chains today are, primarily, measured by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as order-fulfillment, availability to the consumer (percent in-stock) and cost reduction, as well as financial KPIs such as return on investment (ROI), return on brand equity and inventory. These KPIs measure the performance of supply chain as a whole. A supply chain is a network of nodes. The performances of individual nodes are measured with KPIs such as production rate, shipment rate, inventory and the like. These metrics may indicate the performance but may not indicate the cause of such performance. For example, a node whose production rate is below the desired level may be because of poor supply of inputs of production by its supplier node.Thus mere identification of KPIs and their evaluation will not enable to identify the root cause of a problem in a supply chain. Therefore, we need a business intelligence framework that will satisfy the objectives, namely, identification of outcome of each node of the supply chain and its cause. The existing Supply Chain Intelligence (SCI) frameworks aims at identifying metrics that reflect the performance of individual nodes and the total supply chain, but fail to identify the cause of such outcomes. It implies that the linkages or association between the KPIs of individual nodes are required to be identified and defined. In this paper, contingency and systems approach has been used to identify the dimensions of the firm, its internal environment, the complement and the external environment. A system dynamics based approach has been used to identify the causality and resulting behavior of the supply chain. The paper proposes a SCI framework and a System dynamics Model that help in identifying the reasons for supply chin performance and lead to the actions required to be taken for improvement in performance of the supply chain.
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Dey, Debasri, and D. Sinha. "System Dynamics Simulation of a Supply Chain Intelligence Model." In Supply Chain and Logistics Management, 1285–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0945-6.ch061.
Full textAbstract:
Supply chains today are, primarily, measured by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as order-fulfillment, availability to the consumer (percent in-stock) and cost reduction, as well as financial KPIs such as return on investment (ROI), return on brand equity and inventory. These KPIs measure the performance of supply chain as a whole. A supply chain is a network of nodes. The performances of individual nodes are measured with KPIs such as production rate, shipment rate, inventory and the like. These metrics may indicate the performance but may not indicate the cause of such performance. For example, a node whose production rate is below the desired level may be because of poor supply of inputs of production by its supplier node.Thus mere identification of KPIs and their evaluation will not enable to identify the root cause of a problem in a supply chain. Therefore, we need a business intelligence framework that will satisfy the objectives, namely, identification of outcome of each node of the supply chain and its cause. The existing Supply Chain Intelligence (SCI) frameworks aims at identifying metrics that reflect the performance of individual nodes and the total supply chain, but fail to identify the cause of such outcomes. It implies that the linkages or association between the KPIs of individual nodes are required to be identified and defined. In this paper, contingency and systems approach has been used to identify the dimensions of the firm, its internal environment, the complement and the external environment. A system dynamics based approach has been used to identify the causality and resulting behavior of the supply chain. The paper proposes a SCI framework and a System dynamics Model that help in identifying the reasons for supply chin performance and lead to the actions required to be taken for improvement in performance of the supply chain.
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Ball, Philip. "7. For all practical purposes: technologies of the elements." In The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, 139–57. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192840998.003.0007.
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‘For all practical purposes: technologies of the elements’ considers the variety that exists within the elements, and how they can be applied to our everyday lives. Iron and steel gave early armies the edge in battle, but the role of carbon in steel production was not understood until the eighteenth century. Silicon was used in glass for centuries, but its semiconducting properties make it the ideal substance for computer chips. The platinum group metals were unsuccessfully marketed as alternatives to silver, but now they are integral in catalytic converters. Palladium gained notoriety as a key ingredient of ‘cold fusion’, and rare earth metals are used in television screens.
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Doraiswamy, L. K. "Electroorganic Synthesis Engineering." In Organic Synthesis Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195096897.003.0030.
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Historically, electrochemical processes have been limited to the production of inorganic compounds, and commercial processes based on electroorganic synthesis have found only limited application. It appeared to be an “odious truth” (Fry, 1972) that electrochemical techniques were ignored in organic synthesis. But the past 25 years have witnessed the introduction of a fairly large number of new electroorganic processes with attendant advances in electrochemical process analysis. The most remarkable has been Monsanto’s highly successful electrochemical route for the production of adiponitrile. A particularly notable advance is the electrosynthesis of fine chemicals and natural products. Combinations of electrosynthesis with other strategies of rate or selectivity enhancement such as catalysis by PTC and by enzymes (Chapters 19 and 20) are also adding exciting possibilities to organic synthesis. Simultaneously, fundamental understanding of the principles of organic electrochemistry, electrode kinetics, and transport processes in electrochemical systems has grown rapidly in the last decade. A number of books and reviews have appeared on electroorganic chemistry during this period, for example, Eberson and Schafer (1971), Fry (1972), Beck (1974), Perry and Chilton (1976), Rifi and Covitz (1975, 1980), Weinberg (1974, 1990), Swann and Alkire (1980), Kyriacou (1981), Fletcher (1982), Baizer and Lund (1983), Baizer (1973, 1984), Shono (1984), Fletcher and Walsh (1990), Little and Weinberg (1991), Bowden (1997), Bockris (1998), Hamann (1998). This period also saw the emergence of electrochemical reaction engineering as a distinct discipline of chemical reaction engineering, as evidenced by a number of books and reviews on the subject, for example, Picket (1979), Udupa (1979), Danly (1980, 1984), Alkire and Beck (1981), Weinberg et al. (1982), Alkire and Chin (1983), Fahidy (1985), Mine (1985), Goodridge et al. (1986), Rousar et al. (1986), Heitz and Krysa (1986), Ismail (1989), Scott (1991), Prentice (1991), Goodridge and Scott (1995). Electroorganic synthesis offers opportunities for performing many of the conventional organic reactions at controlled rates and greater product selectivities without the addition of any catalyst. The processes almost always employ milder conditions and are characterized by greatly reduced air and water pollution. Further, there are a number of syntheses that can only be carried out electrochemically, such as the Kolbe synthesis and electrochemical perfluorination.
Conference papers on the topic "Chip production rate"
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Lee, Jue-Hyun, and Angela A. Sodemann. "Simulation of Cutting Edge Wear Model Based on Chip Production Rate in Micro-Endmilling." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-3055.
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Abstract In this paper, simulation of cutting edge wear rate model based on the chip production rate in micro-endmilling is conducted in order to understand the state of the interaction between the tool and the workpiece. In micro-endmilling, the chip production rate changes due to the cutting edge wear and it can be explained by the minimum chip thickness effect. If the cutting edge radius increases due to the tool wear until the minimum chip thickness becomes larger than the uncut chip thickness, the chips will not be generated with the cutting tooth sliding on the workpiece. If the new tool with the sharp cutting edge is used, the chips will be generated without the cutting tooth sliding on the workpiece. From this point of view, the cutting edge wear could be observed by measuring the chip production rate in micro-endmilling. Therefore, the cutting edge wear rate model is proposed and the simulation of the cutting edge wear rate estimation is conducted. Our proposed cutting edge wear rate model could be used in improving the tool life and the surface quality by estimating the cutting edge wear rate.
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Kobayashi, Isao, and Mitsutoshi Nakajima. "Micro/Nanochannel Emulsification for Generating Monosize Droplets." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75238.
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Emulsification is an important process in various fields including foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemicals. Emulsification operation is commonly conducted using conventional emulsification devices, such as high-speed blenders, colloid mills, high-pressure homogenizers, and ultrasonic homogenizers. However, these emulsification devices result in the production of polydisperse emulsions with wide droplet size distributions and poor controllability in droplet size and its distribution. In contrast, monodisperse emulsions consisting of monosize droplets have received a great deal of attentions over the past decade due to their high-tech applications, e.g., monosize microparticles as spacers for electronic devices and monosize micro-carriers for drug delivery systems (DDS). Our group proposed microchannel (MC) emulsification as a promising technique to produce monodisperse emulsions in the mid 1990s. Micro/Nanochannel (MNC) emulsification enables generating monosize droplets with the smallest coefficient of variation (CV) of below 5% using MC and nanochannel (NC) arrays of unique geometry. The resultant droplet size, which ranged from 0.5 to 200 μm, can be precisely controlled by channel geometry. Droplet generation for MNC emulsification is very mild and does not require any external shear stress; a dispersed phase that passed through channels is transformed spontaneously into monosize droplets inside a continuous-phase domain. The aim of this paper is to present recent developments in MNC emulsification chips, particularly focusing on asymmetric straight-through MC arrays for large-scale production of monodisperse emulsions. Asymmetric straight-through MC array chips were fabricated using a silicon-on-insulator wafer. Numerous asymmetric straight-through MCs each consisting of a microslot and a narrow MC were positioned in the central region of the chip. Monosize droplets were stably generated via asymmetric straight-through MCs at high production rates. Below a critical droplet production rate, monosize droplets were generated via asymmetric straight-through MCs, with droplet size and size distribution independent of the droplet productivity. The use of a large asymmetric straight-through MC array chip achieved the mass production of monosize tetradecane oil droplets at ∼1 L/h. The simulation results using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) agreed well with the experimental results and provided useful information, such as the movement of the oil-water interface during droplet generation. Monosize submicron droplets were also obtained using NC emulsification chips made of single-crystal silicon.
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Bobers, Jens, Maurice Hesselmann, Arndt-Christian Schneider, Jakob Zimmermann, and Norbert Kockmann. "Development of a Manufacturing Process for Polyimide-Based Microstructured Devices Using Reactive Ion Etching." In ASME 2019 17th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2019-4208.
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Abstract Miniaturization and modularization are fast growing fields in chemical engineering in recent years. Fast and flexible production processes for microstructured devices are desirable to meet the requirements of rapid prototyping and flexible chip manufacturing. Reactive ion etching provides a structuring process which leads to a highly precise and anisotropic etching behavior. A new manufacturing process for polyimide-based microstructured devices with low surface roughness was developed and applied on reactor geometry for liquid-liquid two-phase-flow. The fabricated chip geometry is designed for creating droplets via flow focusing as the dispersed phase is incised by two continuous phase inlet streams. The droplets are created in the widening channel. In order to keep the pressure loss for the developed reactor geometry and the production time as small as possible, the manufacturing process was optimized with a view to minimize surface roughness and maximizing the etching rate by using Design of Experiments. The corresponding pressure drop was measured for flow rates from 0.05 ml min−1 to 0.5 ml min−1.
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Putman, Alan. "Analysis of a Media Processor Functional Failure." In ISTFA 2009. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2009p0329.
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Abstract A system-on-chip processor (90 nm technology node) was experiencing a high basic function failure rate. Using a lab-based production tester, laser assisted device alteration, nanoprobing, and physical inspection; the cause of failure was traced to a single faulty P channel transistor. The transistor had been partially subjected to N doping due to poor photo-resist coverage caused by halation.
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Han, Xiaolan, and Zhanfeng Liu. "Investigation on Deep Hole Trepanning of TC10 Titanium Alloy." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11235.
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Abstract Titanium alloy is a typical hard-to-machine material, and has a relatively expensive material price. For deep-hole tubes made of titanium alloys, the material utilization rate of direct deep-hole drilling is relatively low, especially for large diameter holes. Deep-hole trepanning provides an effective method that reduces manufacturing cost and improves the material utilization which is used on larger diameter bars. In this paper, deep-hole trepanning tests are carried out on the TC10 titanium alloys to resolve the key technical problems. The thrust force and torque, tool wear, and chip morphology are analyzed based on the different process parameters. The results show that appropriate process parameters can remove the chips easily and reduce the thrust force and tool wear. The titanium alloy deep-hole trepanning has a good drilling effect and solves the problem of drilling deep, large diameter holes in titanium alloy tubes, which has practical significance for reducing production cost and improving material utilization.
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Kockmann, Norbert, Waldemar Krieger, and Mira Schmalenberg. "Design and Scale-up of Modular Capillary Helical Flow Inverter Reactors With Narrow Residence Time Distribution." In ASME 2019 17th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2019-4237.
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Abstract Lab-on-chip processes often require long dwelling times leading to coiled capillary reactors with laminar flow. These tubular reactors are designed for a reaction time, unfortunately with a wide residence time distribution. This contribution presents a modular concept based on coiled flow inverters (CFI), which achieve high radial mixing with narrow residence time distribution at low Reynolds numbers [1]. The modular design enables quick adaptation to changing residence times and flow rates with low pressure loss. The tube diameters range from capillaries with a few 100 μm to several millimeters for high throughput and long residence time. With the aid of a design space diagram, the required pipe diameters and lengths can be quickly determined based on standardized coil diameters [2]. The modular concept enables various arrangements for different residence time and flow rate requirements with minimum pressure loss. In the laboratory, for example, a chemical process in the throughput range of a few grams per hour can be developed and processed in the simple device. The results can be scaled via the platform concept to higher production rates with constant residence time characteristics. The scale-up concept can easily be displayed and designed graphically in the reactor performance diagram.
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Chhanda, Nusrat J., Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Experimental Characterization and Viscoplastic Modeling of the Temperature Dependent Material Behavior of Underfill Encapsulants." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52209.
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In this work, the viscoplastic mechanical response of a typical underfill encapsulant has been characterized via rate dependent stress-strain testing over a wide temperature range, and creep testing for a large range of applied stress levels and temperatures. A specimen preparation procedure has been developed to manufacture 80 × 5 mm uniaxial tension test samples with a specified thickness of .5 mm. The test specimens are dispensed and cured with production equipment using the same conditions as those used in actual flip chip assembly, and no release agent is required to extract them from the mold. Using the manufactured test specimens, a microscale tension-torsion testing machine has been used to evaluate stress-strain and creep behavior of the underfill material as a function of temperature. Stress-strain curves have been measured at 5 temperatures (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 C), and strain rates spanning over 5 orders of magnitude. In addition, creep curves have been evaluated for the same 5 temperatures and several stress levels. With the obtained mechanical property data, several viscoelastic and viscoplastic material models have been fit to the data, and optimum constitutive models for subsequent use in finite element simulations have been determined.
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Islam, M. Saiful, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Measurement of the Constitutive Behavior of Underfill Encapsulants." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35321.
Full textAbstract:
Reliable, consistent, and comprehensive material property data are needed for microelectronic encapsulants for the purpose of mechanical design, reliability assessment, and process optimization of electronic packages. In our research efforts, the mechanical responses of several different capillary flow snap cure underfill encapsulants are being characterized. A microscale tension-torsion testing machine has been used to evaluate the uniaxial tensile stress-strain behavior of underfill materials as a function of temperature, strain rate, specimen dimensions, humidity, thermal cycling exposure, etc. A critical step to achieving accurate experimental results has been the development of a sample preparation procedure that produces mechanical test specimens that reflect the properties of true underfill encapsulant layers. In the developed method, 75–125 μm (3–5 mil) thick underfill uniaxial tension specimens are dispensed and cured using production equipment and the same processing conditions as those used with actual flip chip assemblies. Although several underfills have been examined, this work features results for the mechanical response of a single typical capillary flow snap cure underfill. A three parameter hyperbolic tangent empirical model has been shown to provide accurate fits to the observed underfill nonlinear stress-strain behavior over a range of temperatures and strain rates. In addition, typical creep data are presented.
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Mann, J. B., M. Saei, A. Udupa, B. Stiven Puentes-Rodriguez, and D. Sagapuram. "Applications of Machining in Materials Manufacturing." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8491.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The deformation conditions in machining of metals and alloys offer a unique route for materials processing with remarkable advantages over conventional deformation processes. The intense shear strain and high strain-rates in machining can be applied to form chips with controlled geometry. That is, the chip formation in machining can be used directly as a materials processing route wherein the chip becomes the product. The technical details for two of these processes — hybrid cutting-extrusion (HCE) and modulation-assisted machining (MAM) — are discussed and recent experimental results are presented. Both processes involve direct control of the shear-based deformation in machining. HCE applies an additional constraint in cutting which converts the otherwise uncontrolled chip thickness to a controlled format of specific size and shape. In HCE processing of sheet and strip, the deformed chip thickness is less than the deformed chip thickness in conventional cutting. The superimposed oscillation in MAM converts the otherwise continuous cutting process into a series of discrete cutting events. The control of the MAM and cutting conditions enable unique control of chip formation and the production of equiaxed, fiber, and platelet powder (particle) morphologies. The HCE and MAM processes demonstrate how chip control in machining can provide a route to applications opportunities in materials manufacturing.
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Jahanmir, Said, Michael J. Tomaszewski, and Hooshang Heshmat. "Ultra High-Speed Micro-Milling of Aluminum Alloy." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50053.
Full textAbstract:
Small precision parts with miniaturized features are increasingly used in components such as sensors, micro-medical devices, micro-fuel cells, and others. Mechanical micromachining processes, e.g., turning, drilling, milling and grinding are often used for fabrication of miniaturized components. The small micro-tools (50 μm to 500 μm diameter) used in micromachining limit the surface speeds achieved at the cutting point, unless the rotational speeds are substantially increased. Although the cutting speeds increase to 240 m/min with larger diameter tools (e.g., 500 μm) when using the highest available spindle speed of 150,000 rpm, the cutting speed with the smaller 50 μm tools is limited to 24 m/min. This low cutting speed at the tool tip is much smaller than the speeds required for efficient cutting. For example, in macro-milling of aluminum alloys the recommended speed is on the order of 60–200 m/min. The use of low cutting speeds limits the production rate, increases tool wear and tendency for burr formation, and limits the degree of dimensional tolerance and precision that can be achieved. The purpose of the present paper is to provide preliminary results that show the feasibility of ultra high-speed micro-milling of an aluminum alloy with respect to surface quality and burr formation. A new ultra high-speed spindle was used for micro-milling of an aluminum alloy with micro-end-mills ranging in diameter from 51 μm to 305 μm. Straight channels were machined to obtain an array of square patterns on the surface. High surface cutting speeds up to 340 m/min were achieved at 350,000 rpm. Inspection of the machined surfaces indicated that edge quality and burr formation tendency are related to the undeformed chip thickness, and therefore the cutting speed and feed rate. The quantity of burrs observed on the cut surfaces was generally small, and therefore, the burr types were not systematically determined. Cutting with the 305 μm tool at a cutting speed of 150 m/min produced an excellent cut quality using a chip thickness of 0.13 μm. However, the cut quality deteriorated as the chip thickness was decreased to 0.06 μm by increasing the cutting speed to 340 mm/min. This result is consistent with published data that show the dependence of bur formation on ratio of chip thickness to tool tip radius. The channel widths were also measured and the width of channels cut with the small diameter tools became larger than the tool diameter at higher speeds. The dependence of the channel widths on rotational speed and the fact that a similar variation was not observed for larger diameter tools, suggested that this phenomena is related to dynamic run-out of the tool tip, which increases the channel width at higher speeds.