Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chiral Separations

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chiral Separations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Chiral Separations"

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Stalcup, A. M. "Chiral Separations." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 3, no. 1 (June 2010): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073635.

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Ward, Timothy J., and Daisy-Malloy Hamburg. "Chiral Separations." Analytical Chemistry 76, no. 16 (August 2004): 4635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac040093t.

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Ward, Timothy J. "Chiral Separations." Analytical Chemistry 78, no. 12 (June 2006): 3947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac060622o.

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Ward, Timothy J. "Chiral Separations." Analytical Chemistry 74, no. 12 (June 2002): 2863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac020240s.

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Ward, Timothy J. "Chiral Separations." Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 18 (September 2000): 4521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac000841o.

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Phinney, Karen W. "Chiral separations." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372, no. 1 (December 8, 2001): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-001-1152-3.

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Ward, Timothy J., and Beth Ann Baker. "Chiral Separations." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 12 (June 2008): 4363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800662y.

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Rekoske, James E. "Chiral separations." AIChE Journal 47, no. 1 (January 2001): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690470102.

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White, Charles A., and John F. Kennedy. "Chromatographic chiral separations." Carbohydrate Polymers 10, no. 3 (January 1989): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(89)90016-7.

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Berkecz, Róbert, Dániel Tanács, Antal Péter, and István Ilisz. "Enantioselective Liquid Chromatographic Separations Using Macrocyclic Glycopeptide-Based Chiral Selectors." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113380.

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Numerous chemical compounds of high practical importance, such as drugs, fertilizers, and food additives are being commercialized as racemic mixtures, although in most cases only one of the isomers possesses the desirable properties. As our understanding of the biological actions of chiral compounds has improved, the investigation of the pharmacological and toxicological properties has become more and more important. Chirality has become a major issue in the pharmaceutical industry; therefore, there is a continuous demand to extend the available analytical methods for enantiomeric separations and enhance their efficiency. Direct liquid chromatography methods based on the application of chiral stationary phases have become a very sophisticated field of enantiomeric separations by now. Hundreds of chiral stationary phases have been commercialized so far. Among these, macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral selectors have proved to be an exceptionally useful class of chiral selectors for the separation of enantiomers of biological and pharmacological importance. This review focuses on direct liquid chromatography-based enantiomer separations, applying macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral selectors. Special attention is paid to the characterization of the physico-chemical properties of these macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics providing detailed information on their applications published recently.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiral Separations"

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McCarron, Philip. "Chiral separations using chiral amino acid ionic liquids." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707833.

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The backbone of this work is to make a chiral ionic liquid with enantioselective properties. It is envisaged that the ionic liquid will be a component part of a gel matrix, or membrane, which holds a racemic drug in solution, and shows preferential affinity to one enantiomer. This would allow favoured diffusion of the unattached enantiomer, and such a system would be ideal as the reservoir in a drug delivery system. To test this idea, chiral amino acid ionic liquids were used. The thesis introduces ionic liquids by definition, classification, properties and industrial applications, and also the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen as the model test compound. The main application, discussed in Chapter 2, was the separation of ibuprofen enantiomers using chiral amino acid ionic liquids as the chiral selector with liquid-liquid extractions. Ionic liquid preparation is included in Chapter 3, as is an overview of HPLC analysis. Chiral interactions may depend on many factors, and these are explained in Chapter 4. Interaction experiments were performed, and techniques complementary to HPLC also explored. Chapter 5 highlights the subtle nature of enantiomeric separations. Here, an increase in enantiomeric excess percentage by physical processes was demonstrated using ionic liquid test strips. They were developed to help determine enantiomeric excess of ibuprofen as it passed through a series of ionic liquid impregnated sections on paper or silica. In Chapter 6, the analytical and preparative technique of countercurrent chromatography is discussed. It concludes with an application that used a thiouronium based ionic liquid to resolve racemic mandelic acid. Overall, the aim was not to develop and optimise a specific application, but to demonstrate proof-of-principle for using chiral ionic liquids to achieve enantiomeric separation. Two new methodologies were unambiguously demonstrated: the use of paper strips and countercurrent chromatography, and both appear to be worthy of future development.
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Borgsmiller, Karen McNeal. "Synthetic membranes for chiral separations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11824.

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Olsson, Jeanette. "New Techniques for Chiral Separations." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Technology and Science, Chemistry, Karlstads universitet, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/kau/abstract.xsql?dbid=1594.

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Haglöf, Jakob. "Enantiomeric Separations using Chiral Counter-Ions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130049.

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This thesis describes the use of chiral counter-ions for the enantiomeric separation of amines in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. The investigations have been concentrated on studies of the influence, of the chiral counter-ion, the solvent, the electrolyte and the analyte, on the enantioselective separation. Modified divalent dipeptides have been introduced in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of amino alcohols and chiral resolution of amines. Association constants for the ion-pair between dipeptide and amino alcohol could be utilized for development of separation systems with higher amino alcohol selectivity. Chiral discrimination (ion-pair formation) between the dipeptides and amines are preferably generated in non-aqueous background electrolytes (BGEs). The amount of triethylamine in the BGE determined the dipeptide charge and a divalent dipeptide promoted higher enantioselectivity than a monovalent dipeptide. An N-terminal-end blocking group and glutamic acid at the C-terminal-end of the dipeptide was important for chiral separation of the amines. Chemometric and univariate methods have been employed for evaluation of suitable solvent compositions in the BGE. An experimental design including a single solvent as well as binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures of polar organic solvents, showed that optimal enantioresolution was obtained with an ethanol:methanol 80:20 mixture in the BGE.  Furthermore, water was found to have an adverse influence on enantioselectivity and no enantioresolution was obtained with BGEs containing more than 30 % water. An alkali metal hydroxide added to the BGE affected the chiral separation by competing ion-pair formation with the selector. The electroosmosis was reduced in order of decreasing alkali metal ion solvated radius and became anodic using K, Rb or Cs in ethanolic BGEs. The correlation between the amino alcohol structure and the enantioselectivity was investigated using chemometrics. The obtained models showed that enantioselectivity for the amino alcohols was promoted by e.g. degree of substitution and substituent size on the nitrogen.
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Sun, Qian. "Studies of Enhanced-Fluidity Liquids for Chiral Separations." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420637683.

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Pickering, Paul. "Selective extraction of (D)-phenylalanine from aqueous racemic (D/L)-phenylalanine by chiral emulsion liquid membrane extraction." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481450.

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Cabusas, Maria Elena Ybarbia III. "Chiral Separations on HPLC Derivatized Polysaccharide CSPs: Temperature, Mobile Phase and Chiral Recognition Mechanism Studies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30426.

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Direct chiral separations of the non-steroidal drugs of 2-methylarylpropionic acids (profens) on the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) of amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate), Chiralpak AD, and cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), Chiralcel OD, were investigated. Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OD are CSPs coated on silica gel and have the same type of constituents. However, they have different higher order structures arising from their different arrangements of the glucose units, i.e., the former has an a-(1,4)-D-glucose linkage and the latter has a b-(1,4)-D-glucose linkage. The orders of optimum enantioselectivity of racemic acids were reversed on the two CSPs which demonstrated that the enantioseparating abilities of these CSPs are complementary. This phenomenon also confirmed that the chiral recognition abilities of both CSPs were dependent on their higher order structures. Mechanisms for retention and chiral recognition for the separation of racemic 2-methylarylpropionic acids on Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OD were explored. In depth studies of the dependence of retention and enantioselectivity on temperature and mobile phase compositions were made. The thermodynamic parameters, the differences in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of association between enantiomers and the CSP were evaluated. The results indicated that the retention of racemic acids on both CSPs is mainly dependent on the hydrogen bonding interaction between the acid proton of the carboxyl moiety of the analyte and the carbonyl oxygen of the carbamate moiety of the CSP. The chiral recognition mechanism for Chiralpak AD involves: (1) the formation of transient diastereomeric analyte-CSP complexes through hydrogen bonding interactions between the carboxyl and the carbamate moieties of the acid and CSP, respectively; (2) stabilization of these complexes by insertion of the aromatic portion of the analytes into the chiral cavities of the CSP, as well as pi-pi, dipole-dipole, and additional hydrogen bonding interactions between analyte and CSP; and (3) chiral discrimination between enantiomer analytes arising from the additional hydrogen bond between analyte and CSP. For Chiralcel OD, the chiral recognition mechanisms involve: (1) the formation of transient diastereomeric analyte-CSP complexes through hydrogen bonding interactions between the carboxyl and the carbamate moieties of the acid and CSP, respectively; (2) stabilization of these complexes by insertion of the aromatic portion of the analytes into the chiral cavities of the CSP, as well as pi-pi and dipole-dipole interactions between analyte and CSP; and (3) chiral discrimination due to: (a) the difference in the steric fit of enantiomers into the chiral cavity of the CSP (entropy controlled); and (b) dipole-dipole or p-p interactions between enantiomer analytes and CSP (enthalpy controlled). Chromatographic and quantitative thermodynamic data showed that there are at least two different chiral recognition mechanisms for Chiralcel OD. One mechanism was characterized by negative values for the enthalpy and entropy differences of the association between enantiomers and CSP that classifies the enantioseparation to be enthalpy controlled. This behavior was exhibited by racemic 2-methylarylpropionic acids with fused rings that were favorably separated at low temperatures. The other mechanism was associated with positive values for the enthalpy and entropy differences of the association between enantiomers and CSP, and the enantioseparation is said to be entropy controlled. The analytes with "free" phenyl moieties favored high temperatures for their enantioseparations. Both studies on the effects of temperature and mobile phase composition also indicated that the higher order structures of CSPs influence their chiral recognition abilities.
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Zhong, Qiqing. "Chemical separations by distillation and chiral high performance liquid chromatography." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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Olceroglu, Ayse Hande. "Chiral Separations By Enzyme Enhanced Ultrafiltration: Fractionation Of Racemic Benzoin." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607460/index.pdf.

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In this study, a methodology for separation of chiral molecules, by using enhanced ultrafiltration system was developed. Benzoin was the model chiral molecule studied. In the scope of developing this methodology, some parameters were investigated in the preliminary ultrafiltration experiments in order to set the operation conditions for enhanced ultrafiltration experiments. Due to the slight solubility of benzoin in pure water, 15% (v/v) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and 30 % (v/v) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were selected as cosolvents. Because of the high retention capacity of RC-10000 Da membranes for benzoin, a membrane saturation strategy was developed. In polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) experiments bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as ligand. Effects of ligand concentration and pH on total benzoin retention and on enantiomeric excess (ee %) were investigated. Benzoin concentration was almost kept constant at ~10 ppm and ~50 ppm for 15% (v/v) PEG 400 and 30 % (v/v) DMSO cosolvents, respectively. It was observed that the increase either in pH or in BSA concentration yielded an increase in total benzoin retention. In 15% (v/v) PEG 400-water, with BSA concentration of 10000 ppm, at pH 10, total benzoin retention reached to 48.7%. For this cosolvent, at different pH values and at different BSA concentrations, all ee % values were about or less than 10%. When 50000 ppm BSA was dissolved in 30 % (v/v) DMSO-water, total benzoin retention increased to 41.3% at pH 10 and ee % reached 16.7 % at pH 11. In enzyme enhanced ultrafiltration (EEUF) experiments, specific to benzoin, apo form of Benzaldehyde Lyase (BAL, E.C. 4.1.2.38) was used as ligand. These experiments were performed with constant ~ 10 ppm benzoin concentration in only 15% (v/v) PEG 400 &ndash
water solvent. Effect of BAL concentration on total benzoin retention and ee% was investigated. It was found that
for all the studied BAL concentrations in the range of 650- 1936 ppm total benzoin retention and ee % were kept almost constant at ~75% and ~60%, respectively.
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Carter-Finch, Annabelle Suzanne. "The investigation of achiral and chiral separations by capillary electrochromatography." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327053.

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Books on the topic "Chiral Separations"

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G�bitz, Gerald, and Martin G. Schmid. Chiral Separations. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592596487.

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Stevenson, D., and I. D. Wilson, eds. Chiral Separations. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2.

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Scriba, Gerhard K. E., ed. Chiral Separations. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6.

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Scriba, Gerhard K. E., ed. Chiral Separations. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0.

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Bezhan, Chankvetadze, ed. Chiral separations. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

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Chromatographic Society International Symposium on Chiral Separations (1987 University of Surrey). Chiral separations. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

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Morris, Zief, and Crane Laura J. 1941-, eds. Chromatographic chiral separations. New York: M. Dekker, 1988.

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Chiral separations by chromatography. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Eeckhaut, Ann van. Chiral separations by capillary electrophoresis. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Ahuja, Satinder, ed. Chiral Separations by Liquid Chromatography. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0471.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chiral Separations"

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Grinberg, Nelu, Thomas Burakowski, and Apryll M. Stalcup. "Chiral Separations." In HPLC for Pharmaceutical Scientists, 987–1051. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470087954.ch22.

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Heard, C. M., and K. R. Brain. "Chiral separations." In Highly Selective Separations in Biotechnology, 179–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1322-9_8.

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Ahuja, Satinder. "Chiral Separations." In ACS Symposium Series, 1–26. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0471.ch001.

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Wilson, I. D., and R. J. Ruane. "Prospects for Chiral Thin-Layer Chromatography." In Chiral Separations, 135–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_16.

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Pirkle, William H., Thomas C. Pochapsky, John A. Burke, and Kris C. Deming. "Systematic Studies of Chiral Recognition Mechanisms." In Chiral Separations, 23–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_3.

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Fell, Anthony F., and Terence A. G. Noctor. "Strategies for Optimising Chiral Separations in Drug Analysis." In Chiral Separations, 121–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_13.

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Stevenson, D., and G. A. Williams. "The Biological Importance of Chirality and Methods Available to Determine Enantiomers." In Chiral Separations, 1–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_1.

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Clark, T., A. H. B. Deas, and K. Vogeler. "Chiral Gas and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Enantiomers of Fungicides and Plant Growth Regulators: Application in Fungal, Plant and Soil Metabolism Studies." In Chiral Separations, 79–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_10.

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Schurig, Volker, and Rainer Link. "Recent Developments in Enantiomer Separation by Complexation Gas Chromatography." In Chiral Separations, 91–114. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_11.

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Macaudiere, P., M. Caude, R. Rosset, and T. Tambute. "A Note on Use of Various Commercially Available Chiral Stationary Phases in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography." In Chiral Separations, 115–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6634-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chiral Separations"

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KOWALSKI, W. J., J. NOWAK, and M. KONIOR. "MODELING OF CHIRAL SEPARATIONS IN CHROMATOGRAPHY BY MEANS OF MOLECULAR MECHANICS." In Proceedings of the International Conference (ICCMSE 2003). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704658_0072.

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Bradshaw, David S., and David L. Andrews. "Chiral separation and twin-beam photonics." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Jesper Glückstad, David L. Andrews, and Enrique J. Galvez. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2214926.

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Liu, Chunye, Yanqing Miao, Yihui Guo, Yinjuan An, Yunfang Li, Huanhuan Liu, Jia Chen, Jiarui Liu, and Huibin Dai. "Chiral drugs separation by a new antibiotics-based chiral stationary phase." In International Conference on Medical Engineering and Bioinformatics. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/meb140641.

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Han, Xiaoqian, Dabing Zhang, Wanliang Liu, Hong Cui, and Lili An. "Chromatographic chiral separation on chiral stationary phase by HPLC: Cellulose 4-methylbenzoate beads as chiral stationary phase for chiral separation of some racemates by high performance liquid chromatography." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5768455.

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Yang, Jinchuan. "Chiral separation of alpha-tocopherol in food products." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.39.

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Liang, Xihui, and James A. de Haseth. "Studies of chiral separation mechanisms by VCD/FTIR spectrometry." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: Ninth International Conference, edited by John E. Bertie and Hal Wieser. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.166678.

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Kumar, Rakesh, Neha Yadav, Jyoti Arora, and Ashok K. Prasad. "Synthesis of chiral 4-pyrazolyl dihydropyridines and their enantiomeric separation." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013101521523.

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Li, Zhiwei, Yanling Gao, Jin Xia, and Qingguo He. "Chiral Separation of R,S Clopidogrel with Monolithic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In 2015 Asia-Pacific Energy Equipment Engineering Research Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ap3er-15.2015.74.

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WANG, XIN, YUE LIU, and CHI BUN CHING. "CHIRAL SEPARATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE BY SMB PROCESS INTEGRATED WITH CRYSTALLIZATION." In Selected Reports at the 4th Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812770264_0020.

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Dai, Rongji, Wei Liu, Lin Yang, and Yulin Deng. "Separation of 2-heptamine by HPLC used cyclodextrin as chiral selector." In 2007 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccme.2007.4382073.

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Reports on the topic "Chiral Separations"

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Zhong, Wenwan. High-Throughput Genetic Analysis and Combinatorial Chiral Separations Based on Capillary Electrophoresis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816440.

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Wang, S. Chiral separation of pharmaceutical compounds using electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/348904.

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Lora, Eduardo. Should Latin America Fear China? Inter-American Development Bank, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012218.

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This paper compares growth conditions in China and Latin America to assess fears that China will displace Latin America in the coming decades. China's strengths include the size of the economy, macroeconomic stability, abundant low-cost labor, the rapid expansion of physical infrastructure, and the ability to innovate. China's weaknesses, stemming from insufficient separation between market and state, include poor corporate governance, a fragile financial system and misallocation of savings. Both regions share important weaknesses: the rule of law is weak, corruption endemic, and education is poor and very poorly distributed.
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Xu, Pengfei, and Yinjie Jia. Blind Source Separation for Chirp Signals Based on the Local Quadratic Regression Smoothing. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.11.13.

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LI, Mangen, Qiuming Cheng, Jiangtao Liu, Xitao Xing, and Zengqian Hou. Comparison of Anomaly Separation Methods for Mineral Potential Mapping in Tuotuohe District, Qinghai, China. Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0073.

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Hu, S., D. Eastlake, F. Qin, T. Chua, and D. Huang. The China Mobile, Huawei, and ZTE Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) Simple Control and User Plane Separation Protocol (S-CUSP). RFC Editor, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8772.

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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.
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