Dissertations / Theses: 'Chiropractic adjustment'

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"The effect of the chiropractic adjustment with a strengthening protocol compared to chiropractic adjustment or a strengthening protocol alone." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2999.

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M.Tech. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether adjustment of the cervico-thoracic motion segment in individuals with altered or decreased motion at that segment, in conjunction with a strengthening protocol, had a greater increase in triceps brachii muscle strength compared to a strengthening protocol or chiropractic adjustment alone. By reducing the negative neural and other effects caused by aberrant movement between vertebra, chiropractic adjustment could allow the body’s muscle physiology to function at its best, thereby allowing it to adapt to changes more readily. DESIGN: Thirty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were randomly and without being aware of it, assigned to one of three groups. The only requirement for inclusion in the research was a restriction of the seventh cervical vertebra based on motion and static palpation. Patients in two of the groups were asked to perform tricep brachii muscle strengthening exercises and patients from two of the groups received chiropractic adjustment to the cervico-thoracic motion segment. Patients were seen a total of three times over a period of two weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Triceps brachii muscle strength testing was performed using an isometric dynamometer. Three pre-treatment readings and three post-treatment readings were performed, with one-minute intervals, on all the subjects. This was done to determine if there was a change before or after treatment and if there was a long-term effect. CONCLUSION: Although measurements were taken on each visit before and after each treatment, there was only a statistically significant difference in triceps brachii muscle strength between the experimental and the other two groups before treatment on the third visit. This does however; suggest that there was a favourable result and that a combination of treatments does indeed produce better results than one of the other treatments alone.

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Padayachy, Keseri. "The immediate effect of low back manipulation on serum cortisol levels in adult males with mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/218.

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Thesis (M.Tech-: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 x, 57 leaves, Annexures 1-10 To determine if serum cortisol levels are increased following Spinal Manipulation Therapy (SMT) to the low back region and to determine the effect of a short rest interval on the cortisol levels

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Van, Schalkwyk Robert. "The relative effectiveness of the cervical rotatory adjustment and the supine lateral break adjustment in the treatment of facet syndrome in the cervical spine." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2165.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1998. The aim of this investigation was to determine which of two manipulative approaches would prove to be the more effective in terms of increased cervical range of motion and pain relief in the treatment of cervical facet syndrome. The rational for this study was the observation that whenever a supine lateral break was delivered to a lateral fixation in the cervical spine, the adjustment resulted in pain and discomfort due to the sub-optimal mechanics of the facets on the side of contact (Lewis, Jones, Penter: Personal Interview 1996; Bergman ]993 : 232). Thus, because up to 70% of a chiropractors patient base can present with cervical facet syndrome (Jones, Penter: Personal Interview 1996), there was a need to find a manipulative method that would be effective in the treatment of cervical facet syndrome in terms of increased cervical range of motion and pain relief It was hypothesized that by giving a rotatory adjustment on the ipsilateral side of a lateral fixation or a supine lateral break on the contra-lateral side of a lateral fixation, both treatments would be effective for cervical facet syndrome. The rationale being that by delivering these adjustments in the above described procedure, there would be an increase in the facet joint space as opposed to a decrease in the facet joint space which occurs when a lateral break adjustment is delivered on the same side of the lateral break. However, it was proposed in terms of subjective and objective findings, that the rotatory adjustment would be more effective than the supine lateral break M

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Smilkstein, Steven Mark. "The effect of chiropractic adjustment of the temporomandibular joint compared to chiropractic adjustment of the cervical spine in those with chronic neck pain." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4792.

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M. Tech. Purpose: Many studies have shown the effect of treatment of the cervical spine on parts distant to the spine itself, which are linked anatomically, biomechanically or neurologically, e.g. the temporomandibular joint (Curl, 1994). Curl (1994) reports a neurological link between the cervical spine and the temporomandibular joint, and Reggars (1994) reports a biomechanical link between the temporomandibular joint and cervical spine. These links may affect the cervical spine when adjusting the temporomandibular joint. For these reasons, further study is necessary to establish the possibility of temporomandibular joint involvement in the formation of neck pain, and the possibility of chiropractic manipulative therapy delivered to the temporomandibular joint as a successful alternative treatment for neck pain. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic adjustment of the temporomandibular joint, compared to cervical spine adjustment of the upper cervical spine as a treatment form for neck pain, with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study consisted of two groups of 15 participants between the ages of eighteen to thirty-five, similar in age and gender ratios. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each participant was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic adjustment techniques delivered to the temporomandibular joint and group 2 received cervical spine adjustment techniques delivered to restrictions of the upper cervical spine.

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Cripps, Gaenor. "Comparative effects of chiropractic adjustment versus chiropractic adjustment combined with static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points for the treatment of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4600.

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M.Tech. Purpose: This study was undertaken in order to demonstrate the effects of static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points in the treatment of those suffering from mechanical neck pain. Isolated spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine was compared to spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points using both objective and subjective measurements. Before the execution of this study, it was hypothesised that both treatment protocols would be effective in the treatment of mechanical neck pain, although the combined therapy would be more effective. Method: Patients were recruited by way of advertisements placed in and around the University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein campus and their health clinic. Thirty patients with mechanical neck pain were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group one received manipulation to the affected joints of the cervical spine and group two received manipulation to the cervical spine combined with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points. Procedure: Each patient in each group attended six treatment sessions; three in the first week and three in the second week. The Vernon Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (subjective measurements) were completed by each patient and the Cervical Range of Motion instrument (objective measurements) was used to collect readings from each patient in both the control and experimental groups, subjective and objective measurements were taken before treatment one, three and six. Specific treatment protocols were then adhered to. Results: The results indicated that both treatment protocols were effective in reducing mechanical neck pain although not one group was more effective than VI the other. Both groups improved subjectively and objectively as they had cervical spinal manipulation directed at joint dysfunction. Conclusion: The experimental group who received spinal manipulative therapy to correct joint dysfunction in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points was not more effective than the control group who received spinal manipulation only, in the treatment of mechanical neck pain.

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Cripps, Gaenor. "Comparative effects of chiropractic adjustment versus chiropractic adjustment combined with static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points for the treatment of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11885.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic) Purpose: This study was undertaken in order to demonstrate the effects of static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points in the treatment of those suffering from mechanical neck pain. Isolated spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine was compared to spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points using both objective and subjective measurements. Before the execution of this study, it was hypothesised that both treatment protocols would be effective in the treatment of mechanical neck pain, although the combined therapy would be more effective. Method: Patients were recruited by way of advertisements placed in and around the University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein campus and their health clinic. Thirty patients with mechanical neck pain were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group one received manipulation to the affected joints of the cervical spine and group two received manipulation to the cervical spine combined with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points. Procedure: Each patient in each group attended six treatment sessions; three in the first week and three in the second week. The Vernon Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (subjective measurements) were completed by each patient and the Cervical Range of Motion instrument (objective measurements) was used to collect readings from each patient in both the control and experimental groups, subjective and objective measurements were taken before treatment one, three and six. Specific treatment protocols were then adhered to. Results: The results indicated that both treatment protocols were effective in reducing mechanical neck pain although not one group was more effective than the other. Both groups improved subjectively and objectively as they had cervical spinal manipulation directed at joint dysfunction. Conclusion: The experimental group who received spinal manipulative therapy to correct joint dysfunction in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points was not more effective than the control group who received spinal manipulation only, in the treatment of mechanical neck pain.

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Naidoo, Trevor Pragasen. "The effect of segmental manipulation of the cervical spine on grip strength in patients with mechanical cervical spine dysfunction." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/291.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. x, 55 leaves Chiropractic researchers have hypothesized as to how the removal of a cervical dysfunction may affect the nervous system negatively. However, little focus has been placed on possible optimizing effects, such as grip strength. This study attempted to establish that relationship. Therefore, the specific aim of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of segmental manipulation of the cervical spine on grip strength in patients with mechanical cervical spine dysfunction.

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Nolan, Justin Henry. "The effect of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation on balance." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3119.

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M. Tech. It has been noted in the literature that the sensory system consists of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems (Guyton and Hall, 1997; Arnold and Schmitz, 1998; Murphy, 2000; Nakata and Yabe, 2001; Magee, 2002 and Gatterman, 2004). In congruence with the above authors Katz (1996), Gatterman (2004) and Murphy (2000), Morningstar, Pettibon, Schlappi, Schlapp and Ireland (2005) further stated that the postural reflexes can be subcategorised as the following: visual righting reflex, labyrinthine righting reflexes, neck righting reflexes, body on head righting reflexes and body on body righting reflexes. Each of these neurological mechanisms plays a role in balance / equilibrium. Furthermore it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy has an effect on neurological systems. Therefore it stands to reason that spinal manipulative therapy may have an effect on balance or equilibrium.

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Duncan, Cliff. "The effect of a chiropractic adjustment on sensorineural hearing loss." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/963.

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The first documented case of improved hearing following chiropractic adjustment was by D.D. Palmer in 1895 in which he restored Harvey Lillard’s hearing. Mr Lillard had been deaf for seventeen years. This brought about the birth of a new profession called chiropractic (Terrett 2002). It has been postulated that dysfunction or spinal joint motion restrictions of the cervical spine may lead to irritation of the sympathetic nervous system which may cause decreased blood flow to the auditory nerve via the labyrinthine artery (also known as the internal acoustic artery or internal auditory artery), which in turn may lead to a decrease in hearing acuity (Hawley 1964). The purpose of the dissertation was to determine whether cervical spine joint adjustment had an effect on the hearing acuity in individuals with some level of sensorineural hearing loss. Thirty symptomatic patients of either gender participated in this study. These patients were recruited by the use of advertisements placed in the Chiropractic Day Clinic, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus and by word of mouth. The inclusion criteria required the patients to present with some level of sensorineural hearing loss, be over the age of fifty years and have no contra-indications to chiropractic adjustments. Objective data was obtained by the Interacoustics Diagnostics Audiometer AD 229b, which determined the level of auditory acuity before and after chiropractic treatment was administered. Middle ear function and acoustic reflex was also tested with the GSI 38 Auto Tymp acoustic reflex machine. The objective results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant increase in auditory acuity following either the chiropractic treatment, or the detuned ultrasound treatment. In conclusion, it was shown that chiropractic adjustments in some patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss, in the same subjects, exhibited a clinical improvement in hearing acuity however, not a statistically significant improvement following the treatment protocol discussed in the chapters that follow. These improvements suggested that the adjustment resulted in a decrease in sympathetic nervous system stimulation and an increase in blood flow through the labyrinthine artery, and therefore an increase in auditory acuity. These improvements were noted to a larger degree in individuals with a greater sensorineural hearing loss and not across the entire sample population. Dr. M. Moodley Dr. S.M. Wilcox

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Gobrin, Gilon. "The therapeutic efficacy of spinal adjustive procedures in the management of asthma." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1948.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal,1997. Asthma, one of the most frustrating medical conditions known to man, has been a thorn in the side of physicians world wide. A condition that seems to consist of all exceptions and no rules has resulted in endless debates regarding the correct treatment protocol for its management, which at present only seem to subdue the patient's symptomatology rather than eliminate them. The ever increasing number of asthmatic sufferers and the increasing number of deaths related to asthma are both reflections of the inadequacy of present treatment protocols and therefore demonstrate the need for their revision. It is thus the aim of this study to ascertain the therapeutic efficacy of spinal adjustive procedures a n the management of asthma. Patients were obtained for this study by consecutive sampling, whereby any patients presenting to the Chiropractic Clinic at Technikon Natal, as a response to the newspaper adverts and pamphlets placed ln the greater Durban area, were considered for the study. Of these patients, only those who conformed to the specified delimitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted. The study was divided into 3 distinct periods. The first, called the baseline study, required the entire sample of 30 patients to undergo subjective and objective tests, whilst receiving no chiropractic treatment, in order to establish the patients' astrunatic condition. The second period, called the initial treatment period, required the entire sample to undergo further subjective and objective testing while receiving chiropractic treatment, which comprised soft tissue therapy and adjustments of fixations in the CO-C2 and T2-T7 areas. M

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Bailes, Brendon John. "The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulation as opposed to exercise therapy on mechanical low back pain in postnatal patients." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2815.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1998. The cause of postnatal low back pain is not clearly understood. There have been few studies performed to determine the cause, and several theories have attempted to explain the occurrence of postnatal low back pain. It is suggested that an exaggerated lumbar lordosis, laxity of the ligaments due to relaxin, biomechanical strain on the muscles and ligaments of the lumbar spine and pelvis and temporary compensatory posture are possible aetiologies of postnatal low back pain. (Calguneri et al. 1982; Bullock et al. 1987 ; Berg et al. 1988; Wisneski et al.1992: 711 ; Mantle 1994:799.) M

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Sutherland, Scott Lovell. "The effect of spinal manipulative therapy to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial articulations on the blood pressure of normotensive Caucasian male subjects." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2115.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. Blood pressure, defined as the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood, is expressed in terms of millimeters mercury (mm Hg). Hypertension is a common problem in Westernised nations, including South Africa. The nervous system's role in the induction of hypertensive disease is the least understood; however, it is postulated that chiropractic adjustment normalises raised blood pressure via modification of the tonicity of the autonomic nervous system. The treatment of organic-type disorders with manipulative therapy is a controversial topic within and outside the chiropractic profession. However, research has indicated that manipulation may affect blood pressure, and the literature does propose a number of hypotheses on how this may be achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spinal manipulative therapy to the atlanta-occipital and atlanta-axial articulations on the blood pressure of normotensive Caucasian male subjects. This prospective controlled clinical trial consisted of a total of sixty normotensive Caucasian male subjects who were recruited by canvassing for volunteers from the Durban Institute of Technology campus as well as the general Durban area. By simple consecutive randomisation, 30 subjects were entered into a control group, and another 30 were entered into an experimental group. Both groups followed the same procedure with the exception that the control group did not receive any manipulation. Phase one of the study, which covered two visits, was M

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Cascioli, Vincenzo. "An investigation into the production of intra-articular gas bubbles and increase in joint space in the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine following spinal manipulation in asymptomatic subjects." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2058.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1998. Currently, no scientific evidence exits to demonstrate that radiolucent cavities, or an increase in joint space in the cervical zygapophyseal joints, occur following the manipulation of these joints. However, previous studies have demonstrated the presence of these phenomena in the metacarpophalangeal joints following the application of linear traction to these joints to the point of cavitation ('cracking'). This study was designed to determine whether such phenomena occurred in the cervical spine. Plain film and computed tomographic imaging were used for this purpose. It was hypothesized that an increase in joint space and a decrease in joint density (radiolucent cavity) would be demonstrable following the application of the manipulation in the non-traction and particularly the traction positions of the neck. Volunteers were screened for conformity with the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 asymptomatic subjects were selected. The subjects were then assigned to one or two of 6 possible experimental groups. The subjects of each group were radiographically imaged before and immediately after the manipulation. In all cases except for Experiment 1 the subjects received : o a pre-manipulation X-ray and/or CT scan, o a pre-manipulation plus traction X-ray and/or CT scan, a post-manipulation X-ray and/or CT scan and o a post-manipulation plus traction X-ray and/or CT scan. A total of 83 CT scans consisting of 1660 images and 36 fluoroscopy-assisted plain-film radiographs were performed. M

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Petersen, Shayan Lian. "The efficacy of chiropractic adjustment in the treatment of primary metatarsalgia." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2196.

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Final submission of a dissertation to the Faculty of Health in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Technikon Natal. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the relative efficacy of foot and ankle adjustments as opposed to placebo ultrasound, in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings, in the treatment of primary metatarsalgia. This was a randomised, controlled, clinical trial consisting of two groups. Group A received foot and ankle adjustments, while Group B received detuned ultrasound as the placebo treatment. Each group consisted of twenty subjects between the ages of 20 and 78 years, who were randomly assigned to their respective groups. It was hypothesised that foot and ankle adjustments would be effective in the treatment of primary metatarsalgia. Subjects diagnosed with primary metatarsalgia were included in the study. The treatment regime consisted of a course of eight treatments, with two treatments a week, spread over a four-week period. Subjective and objective measurements were taken at the initial, second, third and final consultations. Subjective data consisted of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale -101 and the Foot Function Index. Objective data was collected by means of Algometer measurements. Inter-group comparisons were made using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney unpaired U-test for the categorical variables and the parametric two-sample unpaired t-test for the continuous variables. Inter-group comparisons of the subjective readings showed that the two groups were similar at the beginning of the study, except in terms M

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Schooling, Leonie. "The immediate effect of a chiropractic sacroiliac joint adjustment on gait." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8315.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic) Purpose: The pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, ankle and foot form a closed kinematic chain during gait. According to biomechanical principles any restriction or tension in one part of the kinematic chain will create increased load on the other parts of the same chain (Comerford and Mottram, 2001; Sahrmann, 2000). This increased load can lead to dysfunction and compensation along the chain and also lead to gait anomalies. A chiropractic adjustment is utilised for the treatment of sacroiliac joint restrictions. There has not been research conducted to establish the effects that a chiropractic adjustment has on lower limb biomechanics and gait. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a sacroiliac adjustment had an effect on gait by looking at the gait parameters. Method: Sixty participants who were between the ages of 18 and 40 years were recruited. The participants were asked to sign a consent form and then a thorough history and physical examination was performed to ensure that participants did not have any disease or pathology that may have excluded them from the study. These included foot pathologies, knee pathologies, hip pathologies, structural leg length discrepancies, or any contraindications to chiropractic adjustment. A lumbar spine regional examination as well as motion palpation of the sacroiliac joints was performed to determine which joints were restricted. Each participant then underwent a gait assessment before and after they received a chiropractic adjustment to the restricted sacroiliac joint. Procedure: Participants only received one adjustment. Objective measurements were obtained using the Zebris FDM gait analysis system. This system uses high-quality capacitive force sensors that are arranged in matrix form. As a result, each sensor produces its own calibration curve. The measuring plates enable the static and dynamic force distribution to be analysed under the feet while standing and walking. The measuring plate is integrated in a level walking area. The measuring parameters are automatically calculated in the WinFDM program and a printable, easy to read report of the measuring results is then available (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany). Each participant walked over the measuring plate for 4 times. This was done before and after the adjustment.Results: Statistically significant changes were seen between the pre and post treatment measurements of foot rotation on the treatment side, the step length on the treatment side, the stride length, the stance phase on both the treatment and non-treatment sides, the swing phase on the treatment and non-treatment side and the total double support. Conclusion: This study shows that a chiropractic adjustment to the sacroiliac joint does change certain gait parameters and it should therefore be part of any treatment regime for gait abnormalities. Podiatrists, biokineticists and chiropractors should work together when treating patients with gait abnormalities. As the study only recruited asymptomatic participants, further studies are necessary to determine the effect a chiropractic adjustment has on the gait of symptomatic patients.

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Urli, Elda Kristina. "A study of the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation on its own versus chiropractic spinal manipulation combined with other treatment modalities used in a chiropractic practice, in the management of mechanical low back pain in nurses." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2743.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1995. The efficacy of chiropractic spinal manipulation on its own versus chiropractic spinal manipulation combined with other treatment modalities used in a chiropractic practice was evaluated in a single blind, randomised, controlled trial using a patient population of thirty nurses who were experiencing mechanical low back pain M

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Vadachia, Ruwaida. "A Clinical Investigation into the Effect of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Adults." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/319.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 148 leaves Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC) is a common patient complaint (Browning 1999) and as such is defined as : “Constipation” being the infrequent or difficult evacuation of faeces, “idiopathic”, denoting the condition occurs in the absence of any known cause and “chronic”, implying a problem that has persisted for a long time (Anderson 1989). It has been suggested that the bony subluxation or motion segment dysfunction in the spine, could produce these symptoms (e.g. altered visceral function) in the segmentally related visceral structures (Korr 1976, Nansel and Slazak 1995, Budgell 2000). In support of this three case reports in the literature suggest that spinal manipulative therapy to effect removal of these bony subluxations or motion segment dysfunctions, may relieve chronic idiopathic constipation (Hewitt 1993, Marko 1994, Redly 2000). However all three cases involved a single patient case analysis, where patients received spinal manipulation and a vast improvement in bowel function within three weeks of the initiation of the intervention was noted. Only one case report measured global wellbeing outcomes and was able to document a steady increase in the patient’s sense of wellbeing (Redly 2000). As a result of the above evidence in the literature, the researcher was led to the following hypotheses regarding spinal manipulation and chronic idiopathic constipation: • That spinal manipulation would affect a decrease in the subject’s abdominal pain intensity and level of constipation and an increase in the subject’s sense of wellbeing and spinal range of motion. • That placebo would affect an increase in the subject’s abdominal pain intensity and level of constipation and a decrease in the subject’s sense of wellbeing and spinal range of motion. • That spinal manipulation would be more effective than placebo in bringing about a decrease in the subject’s abdominal pain intensity and level of constipation and an increase in the subject’s sense of wellbeing and spinal range of motion.

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Brown, Colin Douglas. "The effectiveness of first rib adjustment as an adjunct to the treatment of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/338.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. 130 leaves. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjustment of the first rib as an adjunct to the manipulative treatment of mechanical neck pain, according to subjective and objective clinical findings. The results of this study would indicate to Chiropractors which specific types of adjustments, used for the treatment of mechanical neck pain, would potentially increase the cervical range of motion and / or decrease pain experienced by the patient and thus lead to a more effective treatment protocol. The outcome of the study will help clinicians select the more appropriate treatment for patients based on the subjective and objective outcomes.

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Descoins, Nicole. "A comparative study of the relative effect of spinal manipulation as opposed to acupuncture treatment in the management of chronic sinusitus." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2720.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, at Technikon Natal, 1999. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the relative effect of spinal manipulation as opposed to acupuncture treatment in order to determine a more effective approach in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. It was hypothesized that chiropractic treatment and acupuncture treatment would both be effective in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. However, it was proposed that the chiropractic treatment would be more effective than acupuncture treatment M

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Marshall, Caryn Natalie. "An investigation into the relative effectiveness of Transeva and spinal manipulative therapy for mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/406.

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Mini-dissertation in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, in the Department of Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009 The aim of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of Transeva and spinal manipulative therapy for mechanical low back pain. The objectives evaluated the effectiveness of only administering Transeva therapy alone, or Spinal manipulative therapy alone as well as Transeva therapy with Spinal manipulative therapy on mechanical low back pain with respect to the patients’ subjective and objective responses to the respective treatment group. The final objective was to correlate the subjective and objective data collected to determine the effectiveness of each of the therapies in comparison with another. Design: A sample of thirty patients diagnosed with mechanical low back pain were accepted into the study. These patients were randomly divided into three groups of 10, which received different treatment protocols for mechanical low back pain. Outcome Measure: The following outcomes were measured; a decrease in pain (measured with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS), a decrease in disability (measured with the Roland-Morris Questionnaire), a decrease in local tenderness (measured with the pressure Algometer) and an increase in lumbar range of motion (measured with the Inclinometer). The data was collected prior to treatment one, prior to treatment four and at the sixth follow-up visit. Results and Conclusion: All groups improved with the treatments they received; however, no single treatment was statistically better than any other treatment intervention tested. However, the Spinal manipulative therapy group had a statistically significant faster reduction in pain on the NRS readings with p=0.048.

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Kelly, Kate Dawn. "The effect of a chiropractic adjustment with resistance training protocol, compared to a chiropractic adjustment or resistance training protocol alone, on neck strength in cervical facet syndrome." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9909.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic) Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if a chiropractic adjustment had an effect on muscle strength. The study then aimed to compare the effects a resistance training protocol, to a chiropractic adjustment, to a combination of these two treatments on the neck strength of individuals with cervical facet syndrome. Method: This study consisted of three groups of 10 participants each. The participants were grouped by stratified sampling to balance the groups in terms of age and gender. The participants ranged in age from 22 to 28 years. There were 18 male and 12 female participants. Participants were examined and accepted into the trail according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment was allocated according to groupings. Group 1 received a resistance training protocol, group 2 received chiropractic adjustment only and group 3 received a combination of both treatments. Procedure: Treatment consisted of 6 treatment sessions and a 7th follow up session, over a three week period. Participants in group 1 and 3 were instructed to perform the demonstrated resistance training protocol 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Participants in group 2 and 3 received chiropractic adjustments to hypomobile cervical spine segments, twice a week for three weeks. Cervical range of motion (CROM) was mesured using a CROM device and strength readings were measured using a hand held isometric dynamometer. Measurements were recorded on the 1st, 4th and 7th visits. All participants were required to fill in a Vernon-Mior Neck Disability Index (NDI) on the 1st and 7th visits. The data collected was analysed by a statistician. Results: Analysis of the Vernon-Mior NDI intra-group results showed that all three groups were effective in reducing cervical pain and disability. There was no statistical difference in improvement between the groups. CROM results indicated that all three groups successfully increased cervical range of motion. The combination group had the greatestimprovement, followed by the adjustment group and lastly the resistance training group. The combination group showed statistical improvements in all ranges of motion at visit 4 while this was only achieved by the resistance training group at visit 7. In the adjustment group statistical changes in flexion, extension and lateral flexion were only noted at visit 7, however in rotation, statistical improvements were noted at visit 4. Isometric dynamometer analysis showed that all 3 groups did show a statistically significant increase in cervical muscle strength. The combination group provided the greatest gains, followed by the adjustment group. The smallest gains were seen in the resistance training group. Statistical changes in the resistance training group were only measured at visit 7, while in the combination and adjustment group, these changes were noted by visit 4. Conclusion: Chiropractic adjustment was effective in increasing neck strength. Of the 3 groups, the combination treatment proved to be the most effective method of improving neck strength in individuals with cervical facet syndrome. Of the two individual treatments, chiropractic adjustment was more effective in terms of both strength gains and time taken to achieve these results, than the resistance training protocol.

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Russell, David Burns. "Lumbar spine adjustments alone, versus combined lumbar thoracic and cervical spine adjustments for the treatment of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2790.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1997. Mechanical low back pain is one of the most common and costly conditions confronting health care providers and medical insurers today. Despite' the magnitude of the problem no general consensus exists concerning an appropriate treatment for this condition. M

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Schiller, Linda. "The efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy in the management of mechanical thoracic spine pain." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1992.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999. Objectives To investigate the efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) in the management of mechanical thoracic spine pain. It was postulated by the researcher that with manipulation of the affected thoracic spinal segment, there would be a significantly greater improvement than by only applying placebo treatment. Summary of background data There have been no substantiated studies performed up to this date to investigate the efficacy of SMT on thoracic syndromes. Study design A single-blind, randomised, comparative, controlled pilot study. Methods Thirty subjects selected from the general population, diagnosed as having mechanical thoracic spine pain, were randomly divided into two different treatment groups. Each group consisted of fifteen patients between the ages of 16 and 60 years. The first group received thoracic spine manipulation. The second group received placebo treatment only. iii The research project was carried out where both groups received a maximum of six treatments over a minimum period of two weeks. Thereafter a follow-up appointment M

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Macleod, Megan Rose. "The effect of frequent and infrequent chiropractic treatments in the management of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1821.

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Dissertation presented in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, Durban, 2002. This comparative, randomized, controlled clinical trial consisted of sixty patients, suffering from low back pain (LBP) attributable to sacroiliac and/or lumbar facet syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine the relative effectiveness of frequent and infrequent chiropractic treatments in the management of mechanical low back pain. It was hypothesised that the Frequent Treatment Group would produce better results than the Infrequent Treatment Group. Treatments consisted of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) using diversified techniques to dysfunctional sacroiliac (SI) and or lumbar facet joints. All treatments were preceded with 5 minutes soft tissue therapy to the lumbar region. The study population was randomly divided into two treatment groups. The Frequent -Treatment Group received 9 treatments over a three-week period and the Infrequent Treatment Group received 3 treatments over the same treatment period. Data was collected before the treatment commenced and again at the beginning of the second and third weeks of the trial and finally the week following the last treatment. Subjective data gathered included results from the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 and the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaires. Objective data included an orthopedic rating scale used to assess the sacroiliac and lumbar facet joints and lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) as measured with the BROM II goniometer. Data obtained during the trial period was statistically analysed. No significant difference between the two treatment groups was found at the 95% level of confidence. These findings imply that once weekly treatments are as effective as three treatments per week in terms of the clinical measure employed in this study. The results from this study suggest that patients who receive treatments more than once a week could be receiving excessive treatments, which would make the cost of chiropractic treatment unnecessarily expensive. Intra-group analysis of the results indicated that both treatment groups improved significantly (0 =0.05) between the first and final consultation, for all measures. These findings demonstrate that chiropractic treatment is beneficial to patients with mechanical LBP. The mean values obtained for each group for the levels of pain intensity, disability, ROM and joint dysfunction show the Frequent Treatment Group to have improved slightly more than the Infrequent Treatment Group, however not significant at the 95 % level of confidence. The cost of more frequent treatment needs to be justified with superior long-term effects. Research into factors such as whether or not more frequent treatments maintain productivity and avoid chronicity may provide support for more frequent treatments. M

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Jacobs, Ronel C. "The efficacy of a toggle recoil drop piece adjustment technique in the treatment of sacroiliac dysfunction." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/365.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005. xiii, 115 leaves One of the most common clinical disorders known is mechanical low back pain (Painting et al. 1998:110). A significant source of low back pain is the sacroiliac joint and therefore, according to Schwarzer et al. (1995:31), it warrants further study. With respect to treatment, Gatterman (1995) states that specific manipulative therapy is the treatment of choice for sacroiliac dysfunction. This is supported by clinical studies (Cassidy et al., 1992), which have shown significant improvement with daily manipulation over a 2-3 week period in 90% of the patients suffering from sacroiliac dysfunction. Different adjusting techniques for the sacroiliac joint include side posture adjustment and prone drop piece adjustments (Bergmann, 1993). With respect to side posture, Bergmann (1993) further states that the side posture adjustment is the most common position used. However, it has been noted that side posture can produce unwanted rotation in the lumbar spine. This may be detrimental to patients who have contra-indications to torsioning such as abdominal aortic aneurisms, nerve root entrapment or disc pathology. Patients, who experience anterior catching of the hip capsule or decreased flexibility with side posture adjustments, experience more discomfort and could therefore benefit from a different technique (Gatterman, 1995). Hence the need for an effective adjustment technique that does not rely on torsioning (e.g. drop piece technique). (White, 2003; Pooke, 2003; Hyde, 2003; Pretorius, 2003; Haldeman, 2003; Cramer, 2003; Engelbrecht, 2003). Although drop table thrusting techniques were rated as being effective for the care of patients with neuromuskuloskeletal problems (Haldeman et al., 1993) as cited by Gatterman et al., (2001), it is still unknown which specific drop piece technique is the most appropriate for sacroiliac dysfunction. Therefore this study was aimed at determining the efficacy of a toggle recoil drop piece adjustment technique.

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Logtenberg, Jana. "An assessment of chiropractic adjustment beds as reservoirs for normal flora and infectious bacterial pathogens at a chiropractic teaching clinic." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/458.

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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009. Background: Research has indicated the majority of bacteria on chiropractic adjustment beds (beds), can persist on dry inanimate surfaces for months. Thus, insufficient disinfection procedures create continuous sources of pathogens endangering patients and healthcare workers alike. This research study aimed to assess the beds as reservoirs for micro-organisms, at a chiropractic teaching clinic (clinic) in South Africa. Method: A selection of samples obtained from the headrests and armrests of the beds were serially diluted, plated in duplicate (using the spread plate technique) and incubated for 24-48 hours at 37°C. After inspection for the presence of micro-organisms, those present were enumerated to determine their quantities, the microbial build-up throughout the day, as well as the degree of the transmission from the patients to the beds during treatment. The incidence of the micro-organisms was established, along with their identities, using microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. These micro-organisms were also used to assess the efficacy of the disinfectant currently in use by the clinic. Results: Microbial growth was present on 89.4% of the beds sampled. The quantities of the micro-organisms increased significantly (p=0,027) from 7:30 am to 16:30 pm, with the median increasing from 25 colony forming units (cfu) / cm2 to 714 792 cfu/ cm2. The microbial build-up was highly significant (p<0.001), with a median of 346 cfu/ cm2 at 7:30 am and 10:30 am; increasing to 162 291 cfu/ cm2 by 13:30 pm and 250 million cfu/ cm2 by 16:30 pm. There was also a significant increase (p<0.001) in the quantity of micro-organisms during treatment with a median of 0 cfu/ cm2 before treatment that rose to 23 479 cfu/cm2 after treatment, indicating that the micro-organisms present on the beds were being deposited by the patient`s skin during the treatment. The most prevalent micro-organisms identified were Staphylococci and Serratia, with an average of 59% and 40% of colonies; while Micrococci and Bacilli were relatively uncommon. No growth was evident after 5 minutes of exposure to the disinfectant during the growth inhibition test. For the Kirby Bauer test, the average size of the zone of inhibition increased as the dilution decreased. The disinfectant is effective but more so against the Gram-positive than the Gram-negative bacteria. The disinfectant was 5,0, 5,5 and 5,6 times more effective than phenol in eradicating Staphylococci, Serratia and Bacilli, respectively. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study showed that micro-organisms were present on the beds. Staphylococci and Serratia have been implicated in many healthcare associated infections. The present disinfectant is effective, but should be used in between every patient. A different or additional disinfectant that is more effective against the Gram-negative bacteria should be considered for future use.

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Kingon, Tarryn Frances. "A comparison between chiropractic adjustment and muscle stability exercise programme for chronic low back pain in former ballet and modern dancers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5372.

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M.Tech. Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of chiropractic adjustment to the lumbar spine and/or pelvis, and chiropractic adjustment to the lumbar spine and/or pelvis in conjunction with a muscle stability exercise programme in the treatment of chronic low back pain in former ballet and modern dancers with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine and pelvic range of motion. These effects were based on a questionnaire consisting of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index, and on lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) readings taken using a digital inclinometer. The questionnaire was completed and the ROM readings taken prior to treatment on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Method: Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to one of two different groups of fifteen participants each. One group received chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and/or sacroiliac joints, with an added muscle stability exercise programme. The second group received chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and/or sacroiliac joints alone. Treatment took place over a period of three weeks, and participants were treated six times out of a total of seven visits. Procedure: Subjective data was collected at the first and fourth consultations prior to treatment, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) as well as an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected at the first and fourth consultations prior to treatment, and at the seventh consultation by means of a digital inclinometer for assessing lumbar spine range of motion (ROM). Data collected was analysed by a statistician. Results: Clinically and statistically significant improvements in group 1 and group 2 were noted over the duration of the study with regards to pain and disability, however the lumbar spine range of motion results were inconsistent with regards to the expected outcome of increased range of motion. Conclusion: The results show that both chiropractic adjustment, as well as chiropractic adjustment in conjunction with a muscle stability exercise programme, are effective treatment protocols both clinically and statistically in decreasing pain and disability in former ballet and modern dancers with chronic low back pain, however, neither treatment protocol proved to be preferential over the other. The results also showed a larger decrease in lumbar spine range of motion than the expected increase in lumbar spine range of motion.

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Gillespie, David McKenzie. "The effectiveness of manual manipulation versus the Activator Adjusting Instrument in the management of acute facet syndrome of the lumbar spine." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2823.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of manual manipulation versus the Activator Adjusting Instrument in the management of acute facet syndrome of the lumbar spine M

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Gomes, Adrian Neil. "A comparative study of spinal manipulative therapy and spinal manipulative therapy combined with soft tissue therapy in the management of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2728.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1997. There have been few studies performed to determine the combined effects of spinal manipulative therapy with other modalities known to have beneficial physiological effects, especially in terms of mechanical low back pain (Ottenbacher and Difabio 1985). M

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Forbes, Lauren Hayley. "Lumbar spine manipulation, compared to combined lumbar spine and ankle manipulation for the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/461.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009. The low back and the lower limb are generally viewed as two isolated regions, however, there are many authors who believe that these two regions are functionally related. This is due to the two regions being connected to each other through the kinematic chain of the lower extremity. The lumbar spine is the link between the lower extremities and the trunk, and plays a significant role in the transfer of forces through the body via the kinematic chain. The physical link between the low back and the lower limb is supplied by the thoracolumbar fascia, which plays an important role in the transfer of forces between the spine, pelvis and legs. Although a relationship between the lower extremity and low back pain is often assumed, little research has been published to demonstrate the association. Most of the evidence so far has been anecdotal, without scientific research to support it. This study was designed to compare the relative effectiveness of lumbar spine manipulation, compared to combined lumbar spine and subtalar manipulation for the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain, using subjective and objective measures, for the management of chronic mechanical low back pain. The study design was a quantitative clinical trial, using purposive sampling. It consisted of forty voluntary participants with chronic mechanical low back pain. There were two groups of twenty participants each, each of whom received six treatments within a three week period. Group A received manipulation of the lumbar spine only, whilst Group B received manipulation of both the lumbar spine and subtalar joint. The outcome measures included the response of the participants to the Numerical Pain Rating Scale-101 and the Quebec Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Objective data was obtained from three digital Algometer measures. Data was collected prior to the initial, third and sixth treatment. iv Statistically both groups showed improvements, subjectively and objectively, with regards to chronic mechanical low back pain. Inter-group testing for NRS over time showed no significant effect for both treatment groups. There was a significant treatment effect for Algometer Average TP1 while the treatment effect for Algometer Average TP2 was not significant. However, inter-group testing for the Quebec LBP over time showed no significant effect for both treatment groups. Inter-group analysis demonstrated no statistical significance between the two groups for subjective and objective measurements, thus suggesting that there is no additional benefit in treating the subtalar joint in the management of mechanical low back pain. Further studies will also benefit greatly from the use of larger sample sizes to improve statistical relevance of data.

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Whittaker, Russell. "The effectiveness of an electromechanical adjusting instrumental compared to cervical spine manipulation in the treatment of cervicogenic headaches." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/3081.

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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018. Background: Cervicogenic headaches are usually chronic, debilitating and tend to be unresponsive to common headache medications. Manual therapy has been shown to be an effective form of management for cervicogenic headache. The Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument is a hand-held device offered as an alternative to manual therapy for musculoskeletal treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument compared to cervical spine manipulation in terms of subjective and objective measures in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Methodology: This study was a randomised single-blinded clinical trial. There were 41 participants between the ages of 18 and 59 years who were randomly divided into two groups of 21 and 20 respectively by means of a randomisation table drawn up by the statistician. Participants in Group A received cervical spine manipulation while those in Group B received the Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument. Subjective headache intensity was determined using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The effect of neck pain on the participants’ activities of daily living before and after treatment was assessed using the Neck Disability Index. The effect of the headache on the participants’ activities of daily living before and after treatment was assessed using the Headache Disability Index. Objective cervical range of motion in all six planes of motion was assessed using a CROM goniometer. Participants in both groups received six interventions over a three-week period with a minimum interval of 48 hours between each intervention. The subjective and objectives assessments were taken at baseline, post-third and post-sixth interventions. The data was analysed using the IBM SPSS version 24.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect on each outcome measure separately of time and treatment group interaction. Profile plots were generated to show the rates of changes in outcomes over time by the intervention group. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For most of the outcomes, there was no clinical or statistical interaction present, i.e. the intervention effect was similar in both groups irrespective of the intervention. Conclusion: The trends in each of the outcomes suggest that the Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument is as effective as cervical spine manipulation for the treatment of cervicogenic headache M

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Botha, Warrick. "The short-term effect of manipulation of selected cervical spinal segments on the peak torque of the rotator cuff in asymtomatic patients with and without mechanical cervical spine dysfunction." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/229.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 96, [20] leaves Strengthening of the rotator cuff muscles forms an integral part of any rehabilitation programme for the shoulder. Shoulder rehabilitation programmes which incorporate early motion and emphasize strengthening, have a lower incidence of recurrent subluxations and dislocations. If cervical manipulation were proven to increase the strength of the rotator cuff muscles, then this could be used to develop and implement more effective treatment and rehabilitation protocols for patients with musculoskeletal painful shoulders and rotator cuff pathologies, and therefore provide future patients with more effective health care. Studies have shown consistent reflex responses associated with spinal manipulative treatments. These reflex responses have been hypothesized to cause the clinically beneficial effects of decreasing hypertonicity in muscles, pain reduction and increasing the functional ability of the patient, and although spinal manipulation has been shown to affect muscle strength, it has not been extensively researched and it is unclear whether increased muscle strength is yet another reflex effect of manipulation. As the rotator cuff is innervated by nerves arising from the mid and lower cervical spine, it is theorised that dysfunction of the spinal joints adversely affects nerve endings, causing inhibition of nerve function and affecting the rotator cuff. This is congruent with research which describes how there could be a decrease in muscular activity due to interference with the nerve supply of a muscle by means of a spinal joint fixation. In light of this, one could hypothesize that removal of a cervical joint dysfunction by manipulation, could increase motor unit recruitment and muscular activity of the muscles supplied by that cervical level and therefore possibly strengthen the muscles involved. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine whether cervical manipulation could contribute to the strengthening process of the rotator cuff.

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Wilson, Dean Paul Charles. "The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulation in conjunction with core stability exercises as opposed to spinal manipulation alone in the treatment of post-natal mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/178.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xvii, 176 leaves Core strengthening has become a major trend in the rehabilitation of patients suffering with lower back pain. Clinical trials have shown that core strengthening is beneficial for patients with low back pain. According to the literature, core strengthening consists of activating the trunk musculature in order to stabilize hypermobile symptomatic joints and thus lessen mechanical stress to the spine. Spinal manipulative therapy has also proved itself to be beneficial, particularly in the case of post-natal low back pain sufferers, as manipulation may correct hypomobility associated with spinal subluxations. Literature suggests that spinal manipulative correction of spinal subluxations in combination with core stability exercises, that stablise symptomatic hypermobile joints, may have more advantages than using these interventions singularly in the treatment of post-natal low back pain. However, the combination of a core stability muscle training program with spinal manipulative therapy has yet to be investigated. In order to choose the most appropriate therapy for managing this condition, it is essential for research to be carried out to identify the most effective treatment, which would allow for better overall management of low back pain during the post-natal period. Therefore this study was designed to establish the effectiveness of a combined protocol of spinal manipulation and core stability exercises in the treatment of post-natal mechanical low back pain and to establish whether this protocol should be utilized routinely in the management of this condition.

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Murray, Stuart M. "The immediate effect of thoraco-lumbar spinal manipulation compared to lower lumbar spinal manipulation on core muscle endurance and activity in patients with mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/477.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. Through the literature review it has become apparent that low back pain is a very real problem in most societies. It has been suggested that there is enough evidence to prove the relationship between low back pain and local muscle dysfunction and that focus in management of these patients should be the rehabilitation of these muscles by exercise. Literature suggests that optimal core muscle strength, control and endurance working synergistically with the rest of the neuromusculoskeletal system is necessary for lumbar spine stability . Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition is caused by distension and/or damage of a joint and is thought to disable the muscle from contracting all its muscle fibres. When a joint is injured it is thought that AMI causes muscle weakness, which in turn hampers the rehabilitation process of that joint despite complete muscle integrity. Spinal manipulative therapy has been shown to alter the excitability of spinal muscle motor neurons due to the stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the joint capsules suggesting that SMT could be a means to remove this inhibitory action. The literature supports the hypothesis that a decrease in the neurological deficit caused by AMI may result in a faster recovery rate. Aims The aim of this study is to determine the immediate effect of thoraco-lumbar spinal manipulation compared to lower lumbar spinal manipulation on core muscle endurance and activity in patients with mechanical low back pain by assessing the correlation between the objective and subjective measures. Method A prospective, convenience sample with purpose allocation (pre /post) clinical trial was used as the sampling method. Thirty participants where placed in two groups, group one and group two, of fifteen people each. Group one underwent spinal v manipulative therapy between L4 and S1 spinal levels. Group two underwent spinal manipulative therapy in between T8 and L1 spinal levels. The objective and subjective testing was done pre- and post-intervention. The objective data was that of a surface EMG attached bilaterally over the internal oblique as well as a prone abdominal draw in biofeedback test. The subjective data included a pain numerical rating scale (0-100). Results The results showed to partially favour group two (thoraco-lumbar), in both increased endurance time that would prove that AMI does in fact inhibit the transversus abdominis and obliques internus, thus it would hinder the rehabilitative process. Some of the statistics where not in favour of the aims, as there was no difference in the effect of group one or two on the NRS, as both improved consistently. It would be recommended that use be made of fine-wire EMG for testing the activity in both the obliques internus and the transversus abdominis, which would allow for more consistent readings, thus adding strength to the research.

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McLean, Nicola Suzanne. "A study to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulative therapy and chiropractic manipulative therapy combined with myofascial trigger point therapy in the treatment of chronic mechanical posterior cervical spine pain." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9015.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic) This unblinded, controlled pilot study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulative therapy with that of a combined therapy involving chiropractic manipulative therapy and myofascial trigger point therapy (dry needling technique and passive stretching), in the treatment of chronic mechanical posterior cervical spine pain. In executing the comparison, it was hypothesised that both treatment protocols would be effective, but that the combined therapy would be the most effective for the treatment of chronic mechanical posterior cervical spine pain, as this treatment protocol has equal emphasis on both the osseous and soft tissue structures. It was hoped that this combined therapy would be more effective in terms of a more speedy recovery and long term effect. This would not only benefit the patient from the point of view of health and quality of life, but financially as well, as less consultation fees would have to be paid. Patients wererecruited into the study by the use of advertisements in newspapers and posters, or from patients entering the Technikon Witwatersrand Chiropractic Day Clinic complaining of posterior cervical spine pain. Only those thirty patients who conformed to the specified delimitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted. These patients were randomly placed into two groups of fifteen patients each. One group received chiropractic manipulative therapy and the other group received the combined therapy. Each patient received twelve treatments over a one month period, ie. three treatments per week. After the treatment period there was a month break from treatment and a follow-up consultation at the end ofthis month. This follow-up period was used to determine the lasting effects of the treatment protocol. The subjective data was collected with the use of two questionnaires, the Neck Pain and Disability Index (Vemon Mior) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Further subjective data was collected, in the form of the number of fixations found in the cervical spine by the use of motion palpation and active myofascial trigger points found in the specified areas of the Trapezius and Levator Scapulae muscles. The objective data was obtained from the...

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Trollope, Leslie John Watts. "The relative effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation alone, dry needling alone and cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling for the treatment of episodic tension-type headaches." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/582.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2010. Episodic Tension–type headache (ETTH), which has a high prevalence, is the most common headache. Manual therapeutic approaches towards Episodic Tension-Type Headaches (ETTHs) have not been fully explored. However, cervical spine manipulation (CSM) and dry needling are found to be successful modalities for the treatment of tension-type headache (TTH). Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of CSM alone, dry needling alone and CSM combined with dry needling in the treatment of ETTHs. Objectives The objectives of this study include: determining the effectiveness of CSM alone, dry needling alone and CSM combined with dry needling in terms of objective and subjective data for the treatment of ETTHs. Method Forty five participants suffering from ETTHs, between the ages of eighteen and fifty, were recruited through convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to one of three equal groups (15 per group). The three different groups were: (A); CSM alone, (B); dry needling alone and (C); CSM in addition to dry needling. The study took place over a period of four weeks involving six consultations. Each participant received a headache diary for the duration of the study. At the first consultation the participant received the headache diary and was monitored for one week before the treatments commenced. Thereafter, four treatments were administered over the next two weeks, depending on group allocation. Participants were also monitored with the headache diary for one week after the last treatment. The objective data for each participant consisted of cervical range of motion (CROM) and pressure–pain threshold readings, measured using a CROM goniometer and an algometer respectively. The subjective data for each participant was collected using a headache diary and a headache questionnaire/disability index. SAS version 9.1.3 was used to analyse the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A decrease in headache duration, frequency, intensity and severity and increases in CROM and algometer measurements were observed in all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the three groups in terms of objective and subjective measurements although, a statistically significant improvement from consultation five to six was found in Group C in terms of headache disability. Conclusion CSM and dry needling, used in isolation or in combination are effective in the treatment of ETTHs although Group C did show superiority over the other groups in the long term with respect to the disability index.

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Matkovich, Grant. "The immediate effect of sacroiliac manipulation on hip strength in patients suffering from chronic sacroiliac syndrome." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/287.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004. xvi, 155 leaves The aim of this investigation was to investigate whether an immediate objective increase in hip strength was observed after an ipsilateral sacroiliac manipulation in patients suffering from chronic sacroiliac syndrome. The actions of hip flexion, extension, abduction and adduction were assessed. The study also investigated the patients’ subjective perception of pain due to the chronic sacroiliac syndrome before and after the manipulation. The proposed increases in strength would have been as a result of a reduction in arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Stimulation of nociceptors caused by the chronic sacroiliac syndrome would have lead to the presence of the arthrogenic muscle inhibition within the joint. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition has been described as an inability of a muscle group to utilise all its muscle fibres when performing a maximum voluntary contraction of that muscle group. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is a joints natural response to pain, damage or distension within the joint. The response is an ongoing reflex inhibition of the muscles surrounding the joint in order to protect the joint. The inhibition of the surrounding musculature clinically manifests itself as a decrease in strength of the affected muscles. The decreased strength levels hampers rehabilitation of the affected joints as active exercise forms a vital role in the rehabilitation process. Current treatment options used to reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition include lidocaine injection into the joint, cryotherapy and transcutaneous nerve stimulation. These treatments are aimed rather at the reduction of pain, joint effusions and atrophy of the related musculature than at the reduction of arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Recent studies have proposed that manipulation reduced arthrogenic muscle inhibition by causing excitation of the joint receptors, called the Wyke receptors. Stimulation of these joint receptors is thought to cause an alteration in the afferent input to the motorneuron pool resulting in a reduction of arthrogenic muscle inhibition. This study aimed to investigate whether sacroiliac manipulation could reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition at the hip by assessing the immediate gains in hip muscle strength. The problem statement was to evaluate if an immediate subjective or objective change in hip strength was observed after an ipsilateral sacroiliac manipulation in patients suffering from chronic sacroiliac syndrome.

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Myburgh, Cornelius. "The relative effectiveness of specific passive mobilization versus spinal manipulation in the treatment of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2802.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1998. The absence oftested theory has resulted in the continued variation of treatment protocols in the treatment of mechanical low back pain. This study was designed to determine the relative effectiveness of specific passive mobilization versus spinal manipulation in the treatment of uncomplicated mechanical low back pain. It was hypothesized that both spinal manipulative therapy and specific passive mobilization would be effective, but that manipulation would be significantly more effective in terms of objective and subjective findings, over the same two week treatment period M

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Aaron, Mark. "The effectiveness of interferential current therapy as an adjunct to manipulation in the treatment of acute mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1905.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of technology, 2002. Background: Low back pain is a common problem for which many conservative treatments are available. Spinal manipulation is considered one of the most effective of these treatments. Interferential therapy is widely used especially for pain control and often forms part of a treatment protocol. However, there is little clinical evidence to support this usage. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of interferential current therapy as an adjunct to manipulation in the treatment of acute mechanical low back pain in terms of subjective and objective measures. Methods: Sixty subjects suffering from acute mechanical low back pain were recruited through advertising and randomly divided into two groups with thirty patients each. Group A received manipulation and interferential therapy and group B received manipulation only. Both groups received 4 treatments and a follow-up consultation over a 2 week period. Subjective measurements were taken using the Numerical Rating Scale - 101and revised Oswestry low back pain questionnaire. Objective measurements were taken using an algometer and an orthopaedic rating scale. All measurements were taken before treatment on the first, third and fifth consultations. Statistical inter-group analysis was completed using the two sample unpaired t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Friedman's T test was used to evaluate the intra-group information. The null hypothesis was rejected at a = 0.05 level of significance. Results: Both treatment groups A and B achieved a significant improvement in pain and disability over the treatment period. However, no significant differences in terms of pain and disability could be found between the two groups at any stage during, or at the end of the treatment period. M

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Moodley, Lineshnee. "The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy combined with transcutaneous flurbiprofen versus spinal manipulative therapy combined with either menthol or non-medicated placebo patches in the management of sacroiliac syndrome." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/288.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2002. 1 v. (various pagings) McGregor et al ( 1998) stated that approximately 50 – 80 % of the population in Western society will experience low back pain at some point. According to Cibulka and Koldehoff (1999), the sacroiliac joint is a common cause of low back pain that is overlooked. This study aimed to provide insight into the relative effectiveness of three different approaches in the management of sacroiliac syndrome. Giles and Muller (1999) concluded that spinal manipulative therapy was an effective form of treatment for spinal pain syndromes whilst Burgos et al (2001) states that the use of transcutaneous non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the management of musculoskeletal conditions is a common therapeutic strategy. This investigation aimed to determine the relative effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy combined with transcutaneous flurbiprofen (TransAct® patches ) versus spinal manipulative therapy combined with either menthol or non-medicated placebo patches in the management of sacroiliac syndrome, in terms of objective and subjective measures.

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Dimopoulos, Alex Illya. "The effect of spinal manipulation as compared to passive oscillatory mobilization in thoracic spine range of motion and pain, in patients with chronic mechanical thoracic spine dysfunction." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/278.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) -Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. xvi, 125 leaves The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spinal manipulation as compared to passive oscillatory mobilization, on thoracic spine range of motion, pain threshold and subjective pain experience, in patients with chronic mechanical thoracic spine dysfunction.

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Beffa, Roberto. "Investigation into the origin of cavitation sounds during spinal manipulation." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2198.

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A dissertation in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology in the Department of Chiropractic at Technikon Natal Cavitation sounds heard during chiropractic adjustments and manipulations to th extension spine are a common phenomena yet their significance is disputed, the mechanism of their production is a matter of speculation, and their origin has never been localized. (Lewit 1978: 4, Grieve 1989; 525) The purpose of this study was to locate the joints which cavitate during the performance of a L5 spinous hook adjustment and a lower sacroiliac adjustment. It was hypothesised that the cavitation sounds would arise from the L4-L5 and L5-S1facets on the side of contact during the L5 hook adjustment., and from the the sacroiliac joint on the side being adjusted during the lower sacroiliac adjustment. It was also hypothesised that the two adjustments would differ significantly in terms of the cavitation sounds produced. Volunteers were screened for agreement with the inclusion criteria. Of these 30 asymptomatic between the ages of 18 and 30 were selected. This was sample was then randomly divided into two groups of, one of which recieved the L5 hook adjustment and the other the lower sacroiliac adjustment. All of the subjects had eight microphones taped to the skin, over the relevant facets and the sacroiliac joints. Radiographic confirmation was used in order to ensure proper positioning of the microphones. The microphones were then connected to filters, amplifiers and a computer which recorded any sound signals registered during the adjustments. M

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Kavonic, Brett Gidon. "The relative effectiveness of adjusting the ipsilateral side of a fixation versus adjusting the contralateral side of a fixation in the management of facet syndrome of the cervical spine." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2185.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, Durban, 1999. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of adjusting the ipsilateral side of the fixated segment versus adjusting the side contralateral to that of the fixated segment, in patients with facet syndrome of the cervical spine, in terms of subjective and objective clinical fmdings, as well as patient comfort. The rationale for adjusting the cervical spine on the side contralateral to fixation is that the spinal dysfunction is of a soft tissue nature, as opposed to joint or bone. Thus the effectiveness of the spinal adjustment may be due to a reprogramming of the central nervous system, whereby the principal effect seems to be to stretch muscles to their normal resting length before spinal mobility can be restored. Adjusting the side opposite to the fixation may cause a sudden stretch of the muscle spindle resulting in a barrage of afferent impulses to the central nervous system, which reflexly turns down the gamma motor neuron tone. The resetting of the gamma motor neuron tone and resultant restoration of the muscle spindle's normal resting length, thereby helps to relieve the associated muscle spasm and possibly removes the fixation. This study was comprised of 30 subjects, all of whom were diagnosed with cervical facet syndrome. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each with ap average age of24 years per group. The average male:female ratio was 1,1:1. M

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Williamson, Andrew Roger. "The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy versus spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with facet syndrome." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2100.

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A dissertation presented in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999. The paucity of clinical research into the efficacy and effects of the different treatment protocols available for cervical facet syndrome has led to a continued variation in standard care for this condition. The aim of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with the administration of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) versus spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with the administration of a placebo medication in the treatment of cervical facet syndrome. It was hypothesised that treatment with spinal manipulative therapy and NSAIDs over a two week period, with a further four week follow-up period, would be more effective than spinal manipulative therapy and placebo medication in terms of the objective and subjective clinical findings. The study design chosen was that of a double-blind, comparative, clinical trial. Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed with cervical facet syndrome were randomly assigned either to the manipulation and NSAID group or the manipulation and placebo group. The age range of the patients extended from nineteen to fifty-three years. Forty percent of patient occupations in both groups involved work on a computer. Each patient in the NSAID group received 139.5mg of diclofenac free acid a day over five days. The placebo group received the same dosage of similar appearance and taste over the same period. Each group of fifteen patients received treatment three times a week for two weeks. After a follow-up period of four weeks the patients were re-assessed. The patients were assessed by means of obtaining subjective information consisting of three questionnaires: the McGill Short-Form Pain Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain M

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Stakes, Neil Osmond. "The effectiveness of combined spinal manipulation and patella mobilization compared to patella mobilization alone in the conservative management of patellofemoral pain syndrome." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2101.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2000. Purpose. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) refers to a syndrome associated with the following signs and symptoms: anterior knee pain, inflammation, imbalance, instability, or any combination thereof (Wood 1998). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether spinal manipulation, as an adjunct to patella mobilization, contributed significantly to the improvement of patients diagnosed with PFPS. A prospective trial using convenient sampling was implemented using the first 60 volunteers that met the requirements. These were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in group 2 received combined patella mobilization and spinal manipulative therapy, while those in group 1 received patella mobilization only. Each patient selected for the study was required to complete an informed consent form. The selected patients underwent a general medical case history, lower back and knee orthopaedic regional examinations. 8 clinical experiments were done: pain threshold (ALGI), pain tolerance (ALG2), the mean least pain experienced (NRS 1), the mean worst pain experienced (NRS2), the mean pain experienced (NRS3), pain quality (McGill), patellofemoral joint evaluation scale (PFJE) and a patient specific functional scale (PSFS). All were continuous variables except McGill, which was a categorical variable. For each clinical experiment, readings were taken 3 times, i.e. at the first, third and sixth consultations M

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Terry, Lynette Vanessa. "The efficacy of static magnetic therapy as an adjunct to chiropractic manipulation for the treatment of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2029.

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A dissertation presented in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. Waddell (2000) describes low back pain as a 20th century medical disaster as, despite the efforts, skills and resources available today, the management of simple backache has not reduced the rate of chronic back pain and disability. Foster (1989: 9) indicates that as many as 60-80% of the general population experience LBP during adult life, with between 12-35% suffering from it at anyone time. Waddell (2000: 301) states that while 90% of acute or recurrent attacks settle within 6 weeks, 60% of people have at least one re-occurrence within the next year. Swenson (1998: 108) estimates that mechanical disorders of the spine represent at least 98% of LBP cause. Waddell (2000: 305) believes the aim of primary management is to provide symptomatic control of pain and prevention of disability. A large number of therapeutic options may be considered to provide symptomatic relief however, there is no good, scientific evidence that these options produce lasting benefits or that they change the natural history of back pain. He believes that symptomatic measures are only valuable if they facilitate active exercise and rehabilitation. Waddell (2000: 303) states that there is considerable evidence that manipulation can provide short-term symptomatic benefit in patients with acute back pain without nerve root pain of less than 1 month's duration. Manipulation may be equally effective in dealing with recurrent attacks, however there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of manipulation in patients with chronic LBP and nerve root pain. With the rising popularity of magnetic field diagnostic techniques such as MR! (magnetic resonance imaging), magnets and electrical devices are beginning to gain mainstream medical. M

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Webb, Grant. "The relative effectiveness of manipulating the superior vertebral segment compared to manipulating the inferior vertebral segment in facet syndrome of the lumbar spine." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2074.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1998. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of adjusting the superior vertebral segment as opposed to adjusting the inferior vertebral segment, of the two vertebral motion segments forming the facet joint responsible for the patient's symptoms and resulting in the diagnosis of facet syndrome, in the treatment of mechanical low back pain. Thirty subjects with mechanical low back pain were screened for facet syndrome and randomly divided into two groups of fifteen. Each patient received spinal manipulation for six treatments over 4 weeks, but the contact vertebra was different for each group. In the one group, contact was taken on the superior of the two vertebrae making up the facet syndrome, whereas contact was taken on the inferior of the two involved vertebrae in the second group. In the 'superior' group, the manipulative thrust was directed in the direction of the motion palpation findings, whereas in the 'inferior' group, the manipulative thrust was directed in the opposite direction to the motion palpation findings of the superior segment. Both groups were evaluated in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings by making use of questionnaires (Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index; Numerical Pain Rating Scale-1 01; Short Form McGill) and goniometer measurements respectively. M

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Munton, Rory. "The efficacy of spinal manipulation in the management of the irritable bowel syndrome." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1944.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999. The aim of this placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine the role of spinal manipulation in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in terms of the patients' subjective response to treatment. It was hypothesized that spinal manipulation would have a greater effect than placebo in reducing the intensity of the symptoms of IBS. Thirty subjects diagnosed with IBS were randomly divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 15 subjects, aged between 18 and 50. Patients were treated twice a week for three weeks and once in the fourth week. Thereafter, each patient returned approximately 1 month later to be assessed for any longer-term benefit to treatment. Patients in the experimental group received spinal manipulation directed at areas of spinal fixation, as determined by motion palpation. Patients in the control group were treated using a detuned ultrasound machine over areas of spinal fixation. Treatment was performed with the same degree of enthusiasm in both groups, where possible. M

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Pillay, Vanessa Kogilam. "The effectiveness of spinal manipulation compared to passive oscillatory mobilization in the management of chronic mechanical thoracic spine pain." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1896.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2001. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spinal manipulation compared to passive oscillatory mobilization in order to evaluate the more effective treatment in the management of chronic mechanical thoracic spine pain. It was hypothesized that spinal manipulation and passive oscillatory mobilization would both be effective in the treatment of chronic mechanical thoracic spine pain. It was further postulated that spinal manipulation would be comparatively more effective than passive oscillatory mobilization in terms of objective and subjective clinical findings. This randomised controlled clinical trial consisted of a study population of 60, obtained by convenience sampling. Those patients diagnosed as suffering from chronic mechanical thoracic spine pain were randomly allocated to two groups of 30 each. One group received spinal manipulation and the other group passive oscillatory mobilization on the affected segments. Both groups of patients received 5 treatments over a two-week period. The subjective data was obtained by the use of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale-101 Questionnaire. These were filled in by the patient before the first, third and fifth treatments. The objective data was acquired through the use of the algometer. Readings were taken before and after the first, third and fifth treatments. Intra-group analysis of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was done using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The paired t-test was used for the Numerical Pain Rating Scale -101 Questionnaire and the Algometer Readings (intra-group analysis). Inter-group analysis of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was done using the Mann Whitney unpaired Utest. The unpaired t-test was used for the Numerical Pain Rating Scale-l 0 I Questionnaire and the Algometer Readings (inter-group analysis). a was set at a 0.05 level of significance. The results were illustrated by means of tables and M

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Jones, Allan Ray. "Investigating the presence of an intra-articular gas bubble after an adjustment." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5032.

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M.Tech. This study aims to, using diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound, investigate the presence of intra-articular gas bubbles in the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint cavity in the absence of an axial distractive load, after a high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) Chiropractic adjustment and assess the state of the gas bubble after a 20 minute refractory period. Using plain film radiography, several authors, (Roston and Wheeler Haines, 1947, Semlak and Ferguson, 1970, Unsworth, Dowson and Wright, 1971 and Watson, Kernohan and Mollan, 1989) have consistently demonstrated the presence of an intra-articular radiolucent space in an MCP joint after cavitation. The MCP joint was always manipulated with an axial distractive load. The singular radiolucent cavity was shown to be visible only if an axial distractive force was acting across the joint at the time of the post-manipulation radiograph. Cramer, Tuck, Todd Knudsen, Fonda, Schliesser, Fournier and Patel, (2000), have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate a significant increase in the lumbar zygapophyseal joint spaces (0,7 mm) after an adjustment versus the control group (0,0 mm increase). The observed increase in joint space was the primary aim of their research and no reference is made to the presence of an intra-articular gas bubble or any apparent changes in joint space density on post-adjustment MRI scans. They attribute this increase in joint space to breaking of intra-articular adhesions. Using computed tomography (CT) and Radiography, Cascioli, Corr and Till, (2002), reported that no gas bubbles were visualised in the cervical facet joints after an adjustment, with and without traction. This study consisted of 18 participants between the ages of 21 and 26. A pertinent physical examination and a regional examination of the forearm hand and wrist were conducted to ensure no significant pathologies would exclude them from the study. The TMC articular cavity was scanned by an experienced musculoskeletal ultrasonographer at three intervals: pre-adjustment, directly post-adjustment, and at 20 minutes post- adjustment. The ultrasonograms were saved as digital copies for subsequent reports which were correlated with reports compiled during dynamic visualisation of the articular cavity at the time of scanning. The TMC joint was scanned in a physiological position i.e. there was no axial distractive load acting across the joint during any of the three scans.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chiropractic adjustment'

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