Academic literature on the topic 'Chiropractic treatment'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chiropractic treatment"

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Bernstein, Carolyn, Peter M. Wayne, Pamela M. Rist, Kamila Osypiuk, Audrey Hernandez, and Matthew Kowalski. "Integrating Chiropractic Care Into the Treatment of Migraine Headaches in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case Series." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 8 (January 2019): 216495611983577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956119835778.

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This case series illustrates an integrated model of care for migraine that combines standard neurological care with chiropractic treatment. For each patient, we describe the rationale for referral, diagnosis by both the neurologist and chiropractor, the coordinated care plan, communication between the neurologist and chiropractor based on direct face-to-face “hallway” interaction, medical notes, team meetings, and clinical outcomes. Findings are evaluated within the broader context of the multicause nature of migraine and the impact of integrative chiropractic. Suggestions for future areas of research evaluating integrative approaches are discussed.
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Stillwell, P. "Chiropractic Treatment of Asthma." AAP Grand Rounds 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.1-1-2-a.

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Ernst, E. "Chiropractic Treatment for Asthma?" Journal of Asthma 46, no. 3 (January 2009): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770900802647532.

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Halle, Kristin Steinmoen, and Aksel Granhus. "Veterinary Chiropractic Treatment as a Measure to Prevent the Occurrence of Spondylosis in Boxers." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090199.

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Spondylosis deformans is a spinal disease common to several dog breeds, and several treatments including veterinary chiropractic may be used to treat affected dogs. Little is known, however, about the efficacy of chiropractic treatment as precautionary measure, aiming to reduce the probability of spondylosis development. We performed a randomized study where one half of the Boxer puppies from 17 litters were given veterinary chiropractic treatment at monthly intervals from eight weeks of age until they were one year old, while the other half were given no treatment (treated: n = 44, controls: n = 43). At an age of one year, spondylosis occurrence was recorded based on a scoring of X-ray images of the spine. The frequency of occurrence was significantly lower (p = 0.0478) in the treated dogs (25.0%) than in the controls (46.5%). We also tested if spondylosis occurrence in the treated dogs correlated with the average number of spinal joints with decreased mobility found per chiropractic treatment. No such effect was found, however. In summary, our results suggest that veterinary chiropractic treatment may be successfully used to reduce the probability of early development of spondylosis in young Boxers.
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Ernst, E. "Chiropractic Treatment for Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 25, no. 1 (2011): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/910469.

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Many chiropractors believe that chiropractic treatments are effective for gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the present systematic review was to critically evaluate the evidence from controlled clinical trials supporting or not supporting this notion. Six electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. No limits were applied to language or publication date. Prospective, controlled, clinical trials of any type of chiropractic treatment for any type of gastrointestinal problem, except infant colic, were included. Only two trials were found – one was a pilot study, and the other had reached a positive conclusion; however, both had serious methodological flaws. There is no supportive evidence that chiropractic is an effective treatment for gastrointestinal disorders.
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Khodakarami, Nima. "Treatment of Patients with Low Back Pain: A Comparison of Physical Therapy and Chiropractic Manipulation." Healthcare 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010044.

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Low back pain (LBP) is a pandemic and costly musculoskeletal condition in the United States (U.S.). Patients with LBP may endure surgery, injections, and expensive visits to emergency departments. Some suggest that using physical therapy (PT) or chiropractic in the earlier stage of LBP reduces the utilization of expensive health services and lowers the treatment costs. Given that there are costs and benefits with each of these treatments, the remaining question is in a short period of time which of these treatments is optimal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of chiropractic versus PT in the U.S. A decision tree analytic model was used for estimating the economic outcomes. The findings showed that the total average cost in the chiropractic group was $48.56 lower than the PT group. The findings also showed that the daily adjusted life years (DALY) in the chiropractic group was 0.0043 higher than the PT group. Chiropractic care was shown to be a cost-effective alternative compared with PT for adults with at least three weeks of LBP over six months.
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Wells, Peter. "Chiropractic versus Out-patient Treatment." Physiotherapy 76, no. 7 (July 1990): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62677-6.

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Painting, Stephen. "Chiropractic versus Out-patient Treatment." Physiotherapy 76, no. 7 (July 1990): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62678-8.

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Meade, T. W. "Chiropractic versus 0ut-patient Treatment." Physiotherapy 76, no. 8 (August 1990): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62976-8.

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Wells, Peter. "Chiropractic versus Out-patient Treatment." Physiotherapy 76, no. 9 (September 1990): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)63027-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiropractic treatment"

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Ferreira, Werner. "Chiropractic management of fibromyalgia syndrome." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2678.

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Bromfield, Bridget Francoise. "Chiropractic management of primary dysmenorrhea." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2056.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1996.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of chiropractic treatment in the management of primary dysmenorrhea. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the control and experimental. This single blind study consisted of 16 visits, twice a week for the first 4 weeks and thereafter once a week for the next 8 weeks. During a menstrual cycle, prior to commencement of treatment, the patients were required to complete a Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire on the last day of dysmenorrhea and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 on each day of experienced menstrual pain. These questionnaires were completed at home. Treatment for the experimental group consisted of soft tissue massage of the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral. musculature combined with spinal manipulative therapy of the areas of fixation in the' lumbar and sacra-iliac regions. The control group received purely soft tissue massage of the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral musculature. The areas of fixation were determined by motion palpation, joint challenge and tenderness to spinal palpation. There was no follow-upvisit conducted in this study. An analysis of the data revealed a statistically signiflcant improvement in the experimental group in terms of the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (p=< 0,001) as well as for the control group (p=< 0,01), whilst in terms of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 the experimental group showed an improvement (p=< 0,05) but the control group failed to show a significant change (p= 0,068).
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Pillay, Keshnee. "The relative effectiveness of muscle energy technique as opposed to specific passive mobilization in the treatment of acute and sub-acute mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/200.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xvii, 58 leaves, Annexures A-J
It has generally been accepted that 60 to 80% of the general population will suffer from low back pain at some point in their life. (Kirkaldy - Willis, 1992). The use of manipulation for the treatment of low back pain is well documented but lumbar mobilization has undergone comparatively little investigation (Goodsell et al., 2000). Furthermore, there remains little evidence to advocate the use of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) in the form of a randomized clinical trial (Wilson, 2003). The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with acute and sub-acute low back pain would demonstrate a reduction in disability after being treated with MET or specific passive mobilization. Both interventions are joint mobilization techniques the only difference being that one is passive and the other (MET), is an active technique
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Richardson, Grant Walter. "The effect of differing clinical settings on chiropractic patients suffering from mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/157.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xviii, 140 leaves
Each healing encounter, and every treatment, has specific and non-specific treatment effects. Non – specific effects, or placebo effects, are the benefits felt by the patients because of the nature of the healing encounter. Although difficult to quantify and control, a number of authors recognize that the non-specific component of management has an additive effect on the overall clinical outcome. It has been reported that due to the physical interaction and social nature of chiropractic, there is a strong non-specific component in the management process, but to what extent it facilitates in the healing encounter is unknown. It has also been shown that spinal manipulation has a clinical effect which exceeds that of placebo; therefore it is possible for its effect to be muted or amplified, depending on the presence or absence of non-specific effects. For the above reasons this study was conducted in an attempt to map the size of the non-specific effect in the healing encounter by manipulating the practice setting in which the patients were treated.
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Maartens, Kirsten. "The efficacy of the Graston technique instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilisation (GISTM) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis in runners." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/192.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 12, xiii, 84 leaves
Plantar Fasciitis (PF) or “painful heel syndrome” is an inflammation of the plantar fascia at its insertion on the medial calcaneal tubercle. Accounting for 7-9% of total sports injuries, this condition is predominantly due to overuse and is notoriously difficult to treat. Traditionally treatment focused on the resolution of the inflammation with the application of such modalities cross frictions / transverse frictions being the modality of choice. With such modalities there are however limitations which include the detection of the appropriate areas in which treatment should be given as well as the treatment depth achieved. The GISTM, however is an advanced form of soft tissue mobilisation that employs the use of specifically designed stainless steel instruments that, when manually brushed over the skin of the affected area, are thought to detect and release scar tissue, adhesions and fascial restrictions. This complementary technique is hypothesized to work in the same manner as cross friction massage, and is thought to achieve quicker and improved outcomes by its detection of the treatment area(s) as well as improving the depth of treatment application. This assertion was however untested. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Graston Technique Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (GISTM) in the treatment of Plantar Fasciitis in runners.
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Uys, Lizette. "An investigation into the effect of a high velocity low amplitude manipulation on core muscle strength in patients with chronic mechanical lower back pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/170.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xvii, 148 leaves, Annexures A-L
Brunarski (1984) says that philosophically and historically, chiropractic has been uniquely orientated toward an emphasis on preventative care and health maintenance with a mechanistic and hands-on model for treatment. Instead of reductionism, chiropractors focus on holism, non-invasiveness and the sharing of the responsibilities for healing between doctor and patient. As stated in a Canadian report by Manga et al. (1993), lower back pain is a ubiquitous problem and there are many epidemiological and statistical studies documenting the high incidence and prevalence of lower back pain (Manga et al., 1993). Evans and Oldreive (2000) revealed in a study of the transversus abdominis that low back pain patients had reduced endurance of the transverses abdominis and that its protective ability was decreased. In addition, it was noted that wasting and inhibition of the other core stabiliser and co-contractor, multifidus, was present (Hides et al.,1994), both of which have been linked to the presence of low back pain (Evans and Oldreive, 2000 and Hides et al., 1994). Thus, it stands to reason that manipulation, as an effective treatment for low back pain (Di Fabio, 1992), could be effective in restoring the strength and endurance of the core stability muscles. This is theoretically supported by the fact that a restriction in motion and pain due to mechanical derangement in the low back can be effectively treated by manipulation (Sandoz, 1976; Korr (Leach, 1994); Herzog et al., 1999; Homewood, 1979; Vernon and Mrozek, 2005 and Wyke (Leach, 1994)). Homewood (1979) described that a subluxation may interfere with the nerve supply and result in a decrease in muscular activity. He hypothesized that removal of the subluxation could restore: normal physiological processes, increase muscle activity and; improve functional ability and normalize the torque ratios (Herzog et al., 1999; Korr (Leach, 1994); Nansel et al., 1993 and Rebechini-Zasadny et al., 1981). In terms of an intervention, Rebechini-Zasadny et al. (1981) and Naidoo (2002) demonstrated and inferred that manipulation to the cervical spine could affect the muscular activity supplied by those levels. They, however, suggested further studies of manipulation-induced peripheral changes in the muscles are needed, due to unaccounted for variables and small sample sizes in their respective studies This research aims to address the questions posed by the above literature, hence by investigating a high velocity low amplitude manipulation as a possible added intervention for improving local core stabilizer muscle strength, a management protocol for the chronic mechanical lower back pain could be developed.
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Elphinstone, John Wayne. "An investigation to determine the effect of short term low-dye taping on vertical ground reaction forces in asymptomatic PES planus, cavus and normal feet." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/236.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xvi, 96, [65] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm
Low -Dye taping is a method commonly used in sport participation and normal daily activity (Harradine, Herrington and Wright, 2001). It has been indicated in support of injured structures, decreasing edema and protection against re-injury (Reid, 1992:232). Contrary to these beliefs, studies have shown that low -dye anti-pronatory control is lost after relatively short episodes of exercise (Ator et al., 1991 and Vicenzino et al., 1997). The variations in dynamic foot function with low -dye taping is not well understood, although taping of the foot in low-dye type method has been advocated by many authors (Brantingham et al., 1992, Ryan, 1995 and Chandler and Kibler, 1993). It was the purpose of this study to investigate the maximum ground reaction force and percentage contact time within 10 demarcated regions of the foot in asymptomatic patient with pes planus, cavus and normal medial longitudinal arches at four time intervals over 24 hours. Having established its baseline function it may serve as point of reference for clinical trials that wish to determine the role of taping as part of the management of symptomatic feet.
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Fernandes, Carina. "The effects of chiropractic adjustments compared to stretching in freestyle dancers with lower back pain." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3718.

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M.Tech.
Dancing, over the years has become a highly competitive sport with demanding levels of fitness and flexibility needed in order to progress to a professional level (DeMann, 1997). With lower back pain becoming a common occurrence in dancers, both physical as well as emotional stress is placed on the dancer and their lower back (DeMann, 1997). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Chiropractic adjustments on the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, stretching certain muscle groups or the combination of the two treatment protocols on Freestyle dancers with chronic lower back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine and pelvis range of motion. Thirty female participants between the ages of thirteen and twenty five years were recruited to participate in this study. Successful participants were then randomly placed into one of three groups, of ten participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group 1 underwent Chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, Group 2 received stretching exercises to the Quadratus lumborum muscle; gluteal muscles consisting of Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus; Piriformis; Psoas; Hamstring and Multifidus muscles only and Group 3 received a combination of the treatment protocols. Participants in all three groups were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for subjective readings; the Digital Inclinometer was used for objective readings of ROM. All treatments were performed at the Riviere Academy of Dance under the supervision of a qualified Chiropractor. The results concluded that the benefits of an adjustment alone, stretching alone as well as the two treatments combined showed a reduction of pain and increase of ROM, when managing a dancer with lower back pain. Not one treatment was shown to be more beneficial than the other.
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Hughes, Nicholla Maray. "The effects of elbow manipulation combined with dry needling compared to manipulation combined with cross friction in the treatment of lateral epicondylits." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3728.

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M.Tech.
Purpose: Lateral epicondylitis has been identified as one of the most common conditions affecting the upper limb. The exact pathophysiology of this condition is still under investigation; however it is believed to be an overuse injury which affects the common extensor tendon at the tenoperiosteal and/or the musculotendonous junctions. Despite the frequent occurrence of lateral epicondylitis and its considerable symptoms there is little scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of any treatment methods. As yet one treatment method has not been proved more effective than the other. The purpose of this comparative study was to determine whether manipulation combined with dry needling of the common extensor tendon and extensor muscle belly of the forearm, was more effective than cross friction of the common extensor tendon combined with manipulation with regards to a decrease in pain and an increase in pressure pain threshold. Method: This study consisted of 32 participants between the ages of 18 – 40. Possible participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once accepted the participants were assigned into two groups each consisting of equal amounts of males and females. The first group received manipulation of their elbow combined with dry needling of their common extensor tendon and extensor muscle belly of their forearm. The second group also received manipulation of their elbow but this was combined with cross friction of their common extensor tendon. Procedure: Each participant received six treatment sessions and one follow up session. Objective data and subjective data was taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh session. Objective data consisted of algometer readings that were taken on the common extensor tendon, the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the extensor muscle belly. The subjective data collected was in the form of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The manipulation of the elbow was then administered based on the restrictions identified during motion palpation. This was followed by either dry needling of the common extensor tendon and the extensor muscle belly of the forearm or cross v friction of the common extensor tendon. The information collected was analysed by means of Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests.Results: Statistically significant improvements in all measurements were noted over the course of the treatments for all participants in both groups. However there was no statistically significant difference between the improvements of the dry needling group compared to that of the cross friction group. Conclusion: The results illustrate the effectiveness of the individual treatments over the treatment period. However it is still inconclusive whether one treatment method is more effective than the other. As this study was directed to a small group of participants, accurate conclusions could not be formulated to prove the effectiveness of one treatment method over that of another. Due to the insignificant findings obtained in this study, further studies need to be performed to determine which method of treatment is most effective when treating lateral epicondylitis.
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Rampersad, Rekha. "Chiropractic effectiveness in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2830.

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Books on the topic "Chiropractic treatment"

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H, Tilscher, and Gengenbach Marianne S, eds. Chiropractic therapy: Diagnosis and treatment. Rockville, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1990.

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Engelhardt, Kate. Bennie gets adjusted: A chiropractic story. [Massachusetts: K. Engelhardt], 2011.

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Assendelft, Willem Jan Jozef. Chiropractic in the Netherlands: Diagnosis and effects of treatment. Amsterdam: EMGO-Instituut, Vrije Universiteit, 1996.

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Cox, James M. Low back pain: Mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. 6th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

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Howard, Vernon, and Upper Cervical Spine Conference (1986 : Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College), eds. Upper cervical syndrome: Chiropractic diagnosis and treatment. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1988.

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Wainwright, Richard B. Chiropractic management of learning disabilities. [S.l.]: R.B. Wainwright, 1991.

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Schafer, R. C. Chiropractic management of extraspinal articular disorders. Arlington, Va: American Chiropractic Association, 1988.

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Long, Preston H. The naked chiropractor: Insider's guide to combating quackery and winning the war against pain. Tempe, Az: Evidence-Based Health Services, 2002.

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The miracle of chiropractic. Independence, MO: White Dove Pub. Co., 1992.

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Thiele, Rainer. Chiropractic Treatment for Headache and Lower Back Pain. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27058-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chiropractic treatment"

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Weinberg, Marc A. "Chiropractic Treatment of NTOS." In Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, 183–88. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4366-6_25.

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Trager, Robert J. "Chiropractic and Nontraditional Treatment of NTOS." In Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, 229–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55073-8_23.

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Thiele, Rainer. "Summary." In Chiropractic Treatment for Headache and Lower Back Pain, 1–6. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27058-2_1.

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Thiele, Rainer. "Overview of the Manuscripts." In Chiropractic Treatment for Headache and Lower Back Pain, 7–50. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27058-2_2.

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Thiele, Rainer. "Overall Discussion." In Chiropractic Treatment for Headache and Lower Back Pain, 51–54. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27058-2_3.

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Vining, Robert D., and Sean Mathers. "Chiropractic Medicine for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient." In Comprehensive Pain Management in the Rehabilitation Patient, 575–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16784-8_44.

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Colloca, Christopher J. "The Place of Chiropractic Care in the Treatment of Low Back Pain." In Surgery for Low Back Pain, 85–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04547-9_12.

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Miller, Michael A. "Chiropractic: An Integrative Approach to the Evaluation and Treatment of Elite Athletes Utilizing Spinal Manipulation." In Neurosurgical Care of Athletes, 107–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88227-3_7.

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Daniels, Brandon. "Chiropractic Treatment of Cancer Pain." In Pain, 49–58. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197542873.003.0006.

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Palliative care is an interdisciplinary approach toward improving the quality of life of patients and their families when faced with life-threatening illness. A skilled Doctor of Chiropractic (DC), Doctor of Osteopathy (DO), or Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) properly trained in chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT), also referred to as spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), is able to provide treatment that may significantly enhance a patient’s quality of life. A properly trained practitioner will be able to successfully assess the spine and determine when adjusting is needed. There are various other skills and techniques, including viscero-somatic reflexes such as referred pain, Chapman’s reflexes, functional medicine, and acupuncture. This case discussion contains important tips for the conservative healthcare practitioner in palliative care. These are all effective ways to alleviate the patient’s suffering from both the side effects of treatment or from the disease process itself.
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Folk, Holly. "From Vital Magnetism to Vertebral Vitalism." In Religion of Chiropractic. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632797.003.0004.

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The third chapter presents the steps by which early chiropractic became an organized system of health care: the elaboration of chiropractic theories, the establishment of training institutes like the Palmer School of Chiropractic (P.S.C.) in Davenport, Iowa, and the making of a collective consciousness for the profession. Though their relationship was fraught with hostility, D. D. Palmer had considerable help from his son, B. J. Palmer, in developing chiropractic, which they had to distinguish from systems like osteopathy, with which it often was confused. Spinal therapeutics were a major part of 19th century health culture, but not originally central to chiropractic treatment or the First Chiropractic Theory. After the Santa Barbara Incident, the Palmers adopted the neurocentric logic of Progressive Era popular physiology, where maintaining the health of the nervous system through care of the spine was prioritized in the Second Chiropractic Theory.
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Conference papers on the topic "Chiropractic treatment"

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Gudavalli, Maruti R., James M. Cox, James A. Baker, Gregory D. Cramer, and Avinash G. Patwardhan. "Intervertebral Disc Pressure Changes During a Chiropractic Procedure." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0305.

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Abstract Some of the treatments for low back pain use traction as the loading mechanism to the spine. One such treatment protocol used by chiropractic physicians in the treatment of low back pain is the Cox flexion-distraction procedure (1). The Cox procedure consists of placing the patient in a prone position on a flexion-distraction table and then creating traction and flexion motions at the joint of interest. The treatment is based on the hypothesis that the intradiscal pressure decreases during the procedure and may provide an opportunity for the disc bulge to reduce. However, no data exist to support this hypothesis. The purpose of the present study was to measure the changes in the intradiscal pressures in the lumbar spine on unembalmed cadavers during the flexion-distraction procedure.
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., and Robert M. Rowell. "Three Dimensional Doctor-Patient Contact Forces During Chiropractic Spinal Treatments." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43172.

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This paper reports on the three-dimensional loads measured during chiropractic treatments delivered during low back spinal procedures. A three dimensional force transducer was placed between the doctors hand and the patient while delivering the treatment. Two doctors have delivered treatments to a total of five subjects on two consecutive days. A laptop computer was used to collect data using labview software and Keithly instruments PCMCIA card. The data was analyzed using Mathcad software to determine the magnitudes of the forces delivered. The results show three-dimensional loads are applied by the doctor at the doctor’s hand-patient interface. The compressive forces reached as high as 450 Newtons, and the shear forces have reached as high as 150 Newtons. The moments have reached as high as 4Nm. This information is valuable in further understanding the effects of these loads on the spine.
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., James M. Cox, Gregory D. Cramer, James A. Baker, and Avinash G. Patwardhan. "Intervertebral Disc Pressure Changes During Low Back Treatment Procedures." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0093.

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Abstract Some of the treatments for low back pain use different motions to the spine. One such treatment protocol used by chiropractic physicians in the treatment of low back pain is the Cox flexion-distraction procedure (1). The Cox procedure consists of placing the patient in a prone position on a flexion-distraction table and then creating distraction, flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and circumduction motions at the joint of interest. Gudavalli et al. (2) reported decreases in intradiscal pressures during the combined motions of flexion-distraction motions. However, no data exist during other motions of the table. The purpose of the present study was to measure the changes in the intradiscal pressures during all the maneuvers of the treatment protocols.
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Gudavalli, Maruti Ram, Vikas Yadav, Robert Vining, Michael Seidman, Stacie Salsbury, Paige Morgenthal, Avinash Patwardhan, and Christine Goertz. "Development of Force-Feedback Technology for Training Clinicians to Deliver Manual Cervical Distraction." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64509.

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Objective: Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal (MSK) complaint and costly societal burden. Doctors of chiropractic (DCs) provide manual therapies for neck pain patients to relieve discomfort and improve physical function. Manual cervical distraction (MCD) is a chiropractic procedure for neck pain. During MCD, the patient lies face down on a specially designed chiropractic table. The DC gently moves the head and neck in a cephalic direction while holding a gentle broad manual contact over the posterior neck, to create traction effects. MCD traction force profiles vary between clinicians making standardization of treatment delivery challenging. This paper reports on a bioengineering technology developed to provide clinicians with auditory and graphical feedback on the magnitude of cervical traction forces applied during MCD to simulated patients during training for a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: The Cox flexion-distraction chiropractic table is designed with a moveable headpiece. The table allows for long axis horizontal movement of the head and neck, while the patient’s trunk and legs rest on fixed table sections. We instrument-modified this table with three-dimensional force transducers to measure the traction forces applied by the doctor. Motion Monitor software collects data from force transducers. The software displays the magnitude of traction forces graphically as a function of time. Real-time audible feedback produces a steady tone when measured traction forces are <20N, no tone when forces range between 20–50N, and an audible tone when forces exceed 50N. Peer debriefing from simulated patients reinforces traction force data from the bioengineering technology. Results: We used audible and graphical feedback to train and certify DCs to apply traction forces to the cervical spine of simulated patients within three specific ranges. This technology supports a RCT designed to assess the ability of clinicians to deliver MCD within specified force ranges to patients randomized to different force dosages as an intervention. Future applications may include training chiropractic students and clinicians to deliver the MCD treatment.
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Gudavalli, M. Ram, Charles N. R. Henderson, Robert Vining, Lynne Carber, Avinash G. Patwardhan, and Christine Goertz. "Neck Pain Participant’s Perception of Traction Forces During Chiropractic Manual Cervical Distraction." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85971.

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In this exploratory study, we measured applied traction forces during a chiropractic manual cervical distraction procedure for each of three “treatment” perceptions; (i) beginning to feel a stretch, (ii) stretch feels like it could be a treatment, and (iii) stretch definitely feels like a treatment. A single trained clinician performed manual cervical distraction procedures on 10 neck pain participants using a commercially available table that was embedded with force and motion sensors. Participants were prone on the table while manual distraction was applied with gradually increasing force. When the specified perception was experienced, the study participant depressed a hand switch. Data was summarized with descriptive statistics and plotted for graphical analysis. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the distractive force associated with each of the 3 treatment perceptions. Mean traction forces with 95% confidence intervals, corresponding to each of the 3 perception levels were: i) beginning to feel a stretch 18.6 N (11.9–25.2 N), ii) stretch feels like it could be a treatment 25.5 N (18.3–32.6 N), and iii) stretch definitely feels like a treatment 36.2 N (26.2–46.1 N).
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., Jerrilyn A. Backman, Steven J. Kirstukas, Anant V. Kadiyala, Avinash G. Patwardhan, and Alexander J. Ghanayem. "Electromyographic Activity of Trunk Muscles During Flexion-Distraction Treatment of Low Back Patients." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0473.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial muscles during the treatment of low back patients during a conservative procedure known as the Cox flexion-distraction procedure. A total of 33 low back pain patients were recruited for this study from chiropractic and allopathic orthopedic clinics. EMG signals were collected while the patient was in a prone relaxed position, during the treatment using the flexion-distraction procedure, and during maximum voluntary exertions in the three planes (flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right twisting). The mean values of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of EMG ratios during treatment versus resting indicate that the muscles are active during the treatment. This activity is more than the activity at rest. However the mean values of the RMS EMG ratios (during treatment versus maximum voluntary contraction) are small indicating that the muscle activity during treatment may not influence the treatment loads. The left and right muscles in all muscle groups were similarly active. During the treatment, erector spinae muscles were the most active, followed by the external oblique, and the rectus abdominus muscles. The results from this study provide quantitative data for the muscle activity during the flexion-distraction treatment. This information can be incorporated into computer models to estimate the loads generated during the flexion-distraction treatment due to the muscle activity compared to the loads generated by the chiropractic physician.
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Gudavalli, M. R., J. W. DeVocht, T. Xia, R. D. Vining, D. G. Wilder, W. C. Meeker, and C. Goertz. "Forces Applied During Manual Assessments of Low Back Pain Patients." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36774.

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Doctors of chiropractic (DCs) use manual palpation to subjectively assess the relative “stiffness” (resistance) of spinal articulations to help inform decisions regarding where to focus treatment. The objective of this study was to quantify the forces generated by DCs when assessing patients with low back pain (LBP). This is an observational study nested into a three-arm randomized clinical trial evaluating two forms of chiropractic treatment and one sham control. LBP patients of both genders between 21–65 years of age participated in the study. Measurements were collected with the participants lying prone on an examination table embedded with force plates. Three DCs applied manual force downward on the participants to obtain a sense of relative joint resistance over vertebral segments L1-L5, the superior sacrum, and bilateral sacroiliac (SI) joints. Peak forces generated during the manual assessments were extracted using custom-written, semi-automated, MathCad software. The results were descriptively analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Three clinicians manually assessed spinal resistance during 230 observations. Mean peak force ranged from 128–178N. Higher force levels were observed at lower vertebral levels and the pelvis by two of the clinicians. L3 and L4 spinal levels showed the greatest similarity of force applied by 3 DCs.
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Gudavalli, M. R., J. M. Cox, G. D. Cramer, J. A. Baker, and A. G. Patwardhan. "Vertebral Motions During Flexion-Distraction Treatment for Low Back Pain." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2549.

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Abstract This paper presents kinematics data of spinal motion during a low back treatment procedure known as flexion-distraction procedure. In this procedure the patient is positioned in a prone position on a specially developed table, and the doctor of chiropractic applies manual loads and motions with the assistance of the table to create traction and flexion effects at the joint of interest (Most often L5-S1 and L4-L5). A total of nine unembalmed cadavers were used for this study. The motions were measured using OPTOTRAK a three-dimensional optoelectronic motion measuring system. Infrared markers were attached to rods that were inserted into the L4, L5, and S1 vertebrae. The relative motions were computed using in-house developed computer software. The results showed that the vertebral motions were created at each of the joints creating flexion and traction motions as the major components. The other motions were small compared to flexion and axial translation.
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OGURA, TAKESHI, MANABU TASHIRO, MEHEDI MASUD, SYOICHIRO WATANUKI, KATSUHIKO SHIBUYA, KEIICHIRO YAMAGUCHI, MASATOSHI ITOH, and KAZUHIKO YANAI. "SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION ON EFFECTS OF CHIROPRACTIC TREATMENT, A TYPE OF MANUAL THERAPY, USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)." In Proceedings of the Tohoku University Global Centre of Excellence Programme. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848169067_0035.

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Gudavalli, Maruti R., and Robert M. Rowell. "Three-Dimensional Quantification of Multi-Point Contact Loads During Lumbar Spinal Manipulation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59183.

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The objective of this study was to measure the complete three-dimensional loads at each of the support contacts namely both hand contacts, and the support loads at the rib cage and the pelvis during chiropractic treatments for low back pain. Two small force transducers were used to measure hand contact loads, and a specially instrumented force plate table was used for measuring support loads. A doctor of chiropractic delivered fourteen spinal manipulations to the lumbar spines of five subjects during a period of three weeks. The results showed that there are three dimensional loads at each of the four contact points. The loads at the thrusting hands reached as high as 382N. For the stabilizing hands the maximum loads were 160N. The support loads reached as high as 727N at the pelvic support and 660N at the rib cage support. This study reports for the first time data on the loads at each of the hand contact points and the support locations during chiropractic spinal manipulation.
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Reports on the topic "Chiropractic treatment"

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Xu, Xinwei, Jianzhen Jiang, Zihao Xia, Bo Zhao, Haochen Tong, Kuiyu Ren, Dengpeng Wen, and Dezhong Peng. Comparison of efficacy and safety between chiropractic and single western medicine treatment for functional constipation(FC): a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0029.

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