Dissertations / Theses: 'Chiropractic treatment'

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Ferreira, Werner. "Chiropractic management of fibromyalgia syndrome." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2678.

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Bromfield, Bridget Francoise. "Chiropractic management of primary dysmenorrhea." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2056.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1996.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of chiropractic treatment in the management of primary dysmenorrhea. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the control and experimental. This single blind study consisted of 16 visits, twice a week for the first 4 weeks and thereafter once a week for the next 8 weeks. During a menstrual cycle, prior to commencement of treatment, the patients were required to complete a Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire on the last day of dysmenorrhea and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 on each day of experienced menstrual pain. These questionnaires were completed at home. Treatment for the experimental group consisted of soft tissue massage of the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral. musculature combined with spinal manipulative therapy of the areas of fixation in the' lumbar and sacra-iliac regions. The control group received purely soft tissue massage of the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral musculature. The areas of fixation were determined by motion palpation, joint challenge and tenderness to spinal palpation. There was no follow-upvisit conducted in this study. An analysis of the data revealed a statistically signiflcant improvement in the experimental group in terms of the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (p=< 0,001) as well as for the control group (p=< 0,01), whilst in terms of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 the experimental group showed an improvement (p=< 0,05) but the control group failed to show a significant change (p= 0,068).
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Pillay, Keshnee. "The relative effectiveness of muscle energy technique as opposed to specific passive mobilization in the treatment of acute and sub-acute mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/200.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xvii, 58 leaves, Annexures A-J
It has generally been accepted that 60 to 80% of the general population will suffer from low back pain at some point in their life. (Kirkaldy - Willis, 1992). The use of manipulation for the treatment of low back pain is well documented but lumbar mobilization has undergone comparatively little investigation (Goodsell et al., 2000). Furthermore, there remains little evidence to advocate the use of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) in the form of a randomized clinical trial (Wilson, 2003). The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with acute and sub-acute low back pain would demonstrate a reduction in disability after being treated with MET or specific passive mobilization. Both interventions are joint mobilization techniques the only difference being that one is passive and the other (MET), is an active technique

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Richardson, Grant Walter. "The effect of differing clinical settings on chiropractic patients suffering from mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/157.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xviii, 140 leaves
Each healing encounter, and every treatment, has specific and non-specific treatment effects. Non – specific effects, or placebo effects, are the benefits felt by the patients because of the nature of the healing encounter. Although difficult to quantify and control, a number of authors recognize that the non-specific component of management has an additive effect on the overall clinical outcome. It has been reported that due to the physical interaction and social nature of chiropractic, there is a strong non-specific component in the management process, but to what extent it facilitates in the healing encounter is unknown. It has also been shown that spinal manipulation has a clinical effect which exceeds that of placebo; therefore it is possible for its effect to be muted or amplified, depending on the presence or absence of non-specific effects. For the above reasons this study was conducted in an attempt to map the size of the non-specific effect in the healing encounter by manipulating the practice setting in which the patients were treated.

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Maartens, Kirsten. "The efficacy of the Graston technique instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilisation (GISTM) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis in runners." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/192.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 12, xiii, 84 leaves
Plantar Fasciitis (PF) or “painful heel syndrome” is an inflammation of the plantar fascia at its insertion on the medial calcaneal tubercle. Accounting for 7-9% of total sports injuries, this condition is predominantly due to overuse and is notoriously difficult to treat. Traditionally treatment focused on the resolution of the inflammation with the application of such modalities cross frictions / transverse frictions being the modality of choice. With such modalities there are however limitations which include the detection of the appropriate areas in which treatment should be given as well as the treatment depth achieved. The GISTM, however is an advanced form of soft tissue mobilisation that employs the use of specifically designed stainless steel instruments that, when manually brushed over the skin of the affected area, are thought to detect and release scar tissue, adhesions and fascial restrictions. This complementary technique is hypothesized to work in the same manner as cross friction massage, and is thought to achieve quicker and improved outcomes by its detection of the treatment area(s) as well as improving the depth of treatment application. This assertion was however untested. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Graston Technique Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (GISTM) in the treatment of Plantar Fasciitis in runners.

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Uys, Lizette. "An investigation into the effect of a high velocity low amplitude manipulation on core muscle strength in patients with chronic mechanical lower back pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/170.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xvii, 148 leaves, Annexures A-L
Brunarski (1984) says that philosophically and historically, chiropractic has been uniquely orientated toward an emphasis on preventative care and health maintenance with a mechanistic and hands-on model for treatment. Instead of reductionism, chiropractors focus on holism, non-invasiveness and the sharing of the responsibilities for healing between doctor and patient. As stated in a Canadian report by Manga et al. (1993), lower back pain is a ubiquitous problem and there are many epidemiological and statistical studies documenting the high incidence and prevalence of lower back pain (Manga et al., 1993). Evans and Oldreive (2000) revealed in a study of the transversus abdominis that low back pain patients had reduced endurance of the transverses abdominis and that its protective ability was decreased. In addition, it was noted that wasting and inhibition of the other core stabiliser and co-contractor, multifidus, was present (Hides et al.,1994), both of which have been linked to the presence of low back pain (Evans and Oldreive, 2000 and Hides et al., 1994). Thus, it stands to reason that manipulation, as an effective treatment for low back pain (Di Fabio, 1992), could be effective in restoring the strength and endurance of the core stability muscles. This is theoretically supported by the fact that a restriction in motion and pain due to mechanical derangement in the low back can be effectively treated by manipulation (Sandoz, 1976; Korr (Leach, 1994); Herzog et al., 1999; Homewood, 1979; Vernon and Mrozek, 2005 and Wyke (Leach, 1994)). Homewood (1979) described that a subluxation may interfere with the nerve supply and result in a decrease in muscular activity. He hypothesized that removal of the subluxation could restore: normal physiological processes, increase muscle activity and; improve functional ability and normalize the torque ratios (Herzog et al., 1999; Korr (Leach, 1994); Nansel et al., 1993 and Rebechini-Zasadny et al., 1981). In terms of an intervention, Rebechini-Zasadny et al. (1981) and Naidoo (2002) demonstrated and inferred that manipulation to the cervical spine could affect the muscular activity supplied by those levels. They, however, suggested further studies of manipulation-induced peripheral changes in the muscles are needed, due to unaccounted for variables and small sample sizes in their respective studies This research aims to address the questions posed by the above literature, hence by investigating a high velocity low amplitude manipulation as a possible added intervention for improving local core stabilizer muscle strength, a management protocol for the chronic mechanical lower back pain could be developed.

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Elphinstone, John Wayne. "An investigation to determine the effect of short term low-dye taping on vertical ground reaction forces in asymptomatic PES planus, cavus and normal feet." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/236.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xvi, 96, [65] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm
Low -Dye taping is a method commonly used in sport participation and normal daily activity (Harradine, Herrington and Wright, 2001). It has been indicated in support of injured structures, decreasing edema and protection against re-injury (Reid, 1992:232). Contrary to these beliefs, studies have shown that low -dye anti-pronatory control is lost after relatively short episodes of exercise (Ator et al., 1991 and Vicenzino et al., 1997). The variations in dynamic foot function with low -dye taping is not well understood, although taping of the foot in low-dye type method has been advocated by many authors (Brantingham et al., 1992, Ryan, 1995 and Chandler and Kibler, 1993). It was the purpose of this study to investigate the maximum ground reaction force and percentage contact time within 10 demarcated regions of the foot in asymptomatic patient with pes planus, cavus and normal medial longitudinal arches at four time intervals over 24 hours. Having established its baseline function it may serve as point of reference for clinical trials that wish to determine the role of taping as part of the management of symptomatic feet.

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Fernandes, Carina. "The effects of chiropractic adjustments compared to stretching in freestyle dancers with lower back pain." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3718.

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M.Tech.
Dancing, over the years has become a highly competitive sport with demanding levels of fitness and flexibility needed in order to progress to a professional level (DeMann, 1997). With lower back pain becoming a common occurrence in dancers, both physical as well as emotional stress is placed on the dancer and their lower back (DeMann, 1997). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Chiropractic adjustments on the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, stretching certain muscle groups or the combination of the two treatment protocols on Freestyle dancers with chronic lower back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine and pelvis range of motion. Thirty female participants between the ages of thirteen and twenty five years were recruited to participate in this study. Successful participants were then randomly placed into one of three groups, of ten participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group 1 underwent Chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, Group 2 received stretching exercises to the Quadratus lumborum muscle; gluteal muscles consisting of Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus; Piriformis; Psoas; Hamstring and Multifidus muscles only and Group 3 received a combination of the treatment protocols. Participants in all three groups were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for subjective readings; the Digital Inclinometer was used for objective readings of ROM. All treatments were performed at the Riviere Academy of Dance under the supervision of a qualified Chiropractor. The results concluded that the benefits of an adjustment alone, stretching alone as well as the two treatments combined showed a reduction of pain and increase of ROM, when managing a dancer with lower back pain. Not one treatment was shown to be more beneficial than the other.

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Hughes, Nicholla Maray. "The effects of elbow manipulation combined with dry needling compared to manipulation combined with cross friction in the treatment of lateral epicondylits." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3728.

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M.Tech.
Purpose: Lateral epicondylitis has been identified as one of the most common conditions affecting the upper limb. The exact pathophysiology of this condition is still under investigation; however it is believed to be an overuse injury which affects the common extensor tendon at the tenoperiosteal and/or the musculotendonous junctions. Despite the frequent occurrence of lateral epicondylitis and its considerable symptoms there is little scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of any treatment methods. As yet one treatment method has not been proved more effective than the other. The purpose of this comparative study was to determine whether manipulation combined with dry needling of the common extensor tendon and extensor muscle belly of the forearm, was more effective than cross friction of the common extensor tendon combined with manipulation with regards to a decrease in pain and an increase in pressure pain threshold. Method: This study consisted of 32 participants between the ages of 18 – 40. Possible participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once accepted the participants were assigned into two groups each consisting of equal amounts of males and females. The first group received manipulation of their elbow combined with dry needling of their common extensor tendon and extensor muscle belly of their forearm. The second group also received manipulation of their elbow but this was combined with cross friction of their common extensor tendon. Procedure: Each participant received six treatment sessions and one follow up session. Objective data and subjective data was taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh session. Objective data consisted of algometer readings that were taken on the common extensor tendon, the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the extensor muscle belly. The subjective data collected was in the form of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The manipulation of the elbow was then administered based on the restrictions identified during motion palpation. This was followed by either dry needling of the common extensor tendon and the extensor muscle belly of the forearm or cross v friction of the common extensor tendon. The information collected was analysed by means of Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests.Results: Statistically significant improvements in all measurements were noted over the course of the treatments for all participants in both groups. However there was no statistically significant difference between the improvements of the dry needling group compared to that of the cross friction group. Conclusion: The results illustrate the effectiveness of the individual treatments over the treatment period. However it is still inconclusive whether one treatment method is more effective than the other. As this study was directed to a small group of participants, accurate conclusions could not be formulated to prove the effectiveness of one treatment method over that of another. Due to the insignificant findings obtained in this study, further studies need to be performed to determine which method of treatment is most effective when treating lateral epicondylitis.

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Rampersad, Rekha. "Chiropractic effectiveness in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2830.

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Payne, Liza. "The relative effectiveness of three treatment protocols in the treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome type II." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/163.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 144 leaves
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of TENS, versus, needling, versus Electro-needling in the treatment of MTSS. First objective The first objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS therapy on MTSS with respect to the patients subjective and objective responses to the treatment. Second Objective The second objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of needling therapy on MTSS, with respect to the patient’s subjective and objective responses to the treatment. Third Objective The third objective was to evaluate the effects of electro-needling on MTSS, with respect to the patients’ subjective and objective responses to the treatment. Fourth Objective The fourth objective was to integrate the subjective and objective data collected in order to determine the viability of each of the therapies in comparison to one another as treatment options of MTSS.

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Taverner, Charles Bryce. "The perception of veterinarians towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/623.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011.
Introduction: The chiropractic treatment of animals has been integrated into the veterinary health care systems of various countries outside of South Africa. While South Africa has seen the integration of the chiropractic treatment of humans into its health care system, the chiropractic treatment of animals has been slow to develop in this country. This is evident in the lack of a professional association or education system concerning the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa. Veterinarians represent the primary contact for animals to receive chiropractic care through referral in South Africa. It is therefore important to ascertain the knowledge and perception that veterinarians have towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals as their views and participation could influence the future integration of chiropractic into the veterinary health care system of South Africa. Primary Objective: To determine the perception of veterinarians towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa. Methods: A questionnaire was set up on an Internet based website. An electronic mail (e-mail) was then sent to all the South African veterinarians with a functional e-mail address registered with the South African Veterinary Council (SAVC), requesting participation in this research. This amounted to 1841 veterinarians. The veterinarians who met the inclusion criteria were then able to access and complete the questionnaire electronically. Results: A response rate of 13.8% was achieved. The respondents were predominantly white (87.1%) with an average age of 41.5 years and a nearly even split between male and female. The veterinary respondents expressed a poor level of confidence relating to their knowledge of chiropractic and its application to the health care of animals. The objective knowledge scores for chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals were 65% and 63%, respectively, giving a reasonably high overall knowledge score of 64%. It was found that the knowledge scores were stronger in the respondents who had iii personally utilized a chiropractor as well as being stronger regarding human chiropractic and overall chiropractic knowledge in those who had referred an animal to a chiropractor. The average score for perceptions of the respondents was relatively low (48%), but positive correlations were found between the knowledge and perceptions of the respondents regarding chiropractic and \ or the chiropractic treatment of animals. It was found that the majority of the veterinarian respondents (79.9%) felt that chiropractors should only be allowed to practice on animals in South Africa under referral from a veterinarian. The majority of respondents (62.4%) further believed that the chiropractic treatment of animals should be governed by the South African Veterinary Council (SAVC) and 57.7 % of the respondents indicated that they would be in favour of the chiropractic treatment of animals being affiliated to the South African Veterinary Association (SAVA). It was determined that 84.4% of the respondents were in support of the formation of a course concerning the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa, with 49.1% further stating they would be interested in attending such a course. The majority of respondents indicated that they believed both veterinarians and chiropractors should administer (77.2%) and be able to attend (75.1%) such a course. Conclusion: This study has established a knowledge base that will facilitate greater understanding of the perceptions that South African veterinarians have towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals as well as the part they perceive chiropractic to play in the South African veterinary health care system. The various outcomes should be noted when considering the future education of South African veterinarians regarding chiropractic, as well as the development of the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa.

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Thomson, Deborah Anne. "A clinical trial to investigate the relative effectiveness of acetaminophen with caffeine as opposed to cervical manipulation in the treatment of tension-type headache." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2820.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2002.
Tension-type headache is generally accepted as the most common form of headache and has been shown to have a great impact on work and social activities (Shwartz et al. 1998). Tension-type headache occurs in 39% of people who suffer from headache symptoms with a higher incidence among females, and a peak in the 25-44 year old age group (Wong et al. 1995). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of 1000mg acetaminophen (paracetamol) combined with 130mg caffeine as opposed to cervical manipulation as a treatment for tension-type headache.
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Perkin, Jonathan Charles. "The effect of stretching the hamstring muscles on low back pain in cyclists." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2064.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999.
There have been few studies conducted to determine the effects of stretching as a therapy on its own in the treatment of low back pain. In response to this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of stretching the hamstring muscles on low back pain experienced by cyclists. Thirty two cyclists with low back pain were screened for lumbar facet syndrome, sacroiliac syndrome and myofascial pain syndrome of the quadratus Iumborum, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles and randomly divided into two groups of sixteen. Detuned ultrasound was applied to the hamstring muscles of the patients in the placebo group twice a week for three weeks. Patients in the experimental group were involved in a stretching program whereby the hamstring muscles were passively stretched for three sets of thirty seconds duration, two days a week for three weeks. Both groups were evaluated in terms of subjective clinical findings by utilising the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale-101, and theti
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Brown, Colin Douglas. "The effectiveness of first rib adjustment as an adjunct to the treatment of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/338.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. 130 leaves.
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjustment of the first rib as an adjunct to the manipulative treatment of mechanical neck pain, according to subjective and objective clinical findings. The results of this study would indicate to Chiropractors which specific types of adjustments, used for the treatment of mechanical neck pain, would potentially increase the cervical range of motion and / or decrease pain experienced by the patient and thus lead to a more effective treatment protocol. The outcome of the study will help clinicians select the more appropriate treatment for patients based on the subjective and objective outcomes.

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Azizi, Manny. "The efficacy of muscle energy technique in the treatment of rotator cuff tendonitis in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1920.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute Of Technology, 2006.
Purpose Repetitive strain injuries, especially rotator cuff tendonitis, are increasing and reaching epidemic proportions in certain industries and in most industrialized countries (Yassi et al. 1996). Fatigue of the rotator cuff allows the humeral head to translate anteriorly, with resultant mechanical impingement of the supraspinatus tendon. At this point inflammatory changes become evident (Fu et al. 1995). According to Greenman (1996), muscle energy technique (MET) is a 'manual medicine treatment procedure that involves the voluntary contraction of a patients muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity, against a distinctively executed counterforce applied by the operator.' It has been hypothesized that MET can be used to lengthen and strengthen muscles, to increase fluid mechanics and decrease local edema, and to mobilize a restricted articulation (Greenman 1996). However, these statements have been made in the absence or appropriate research in order to support such statements, therefore. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique in the treatment of rotator cuff tendonitis in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings. Methods Objective measures included: Diagnostic ultrasound which was used to evaluate changes in inflammation and thickness of the involved tendon, the algometer was used to assess point tenderness, whilst inclinometer readings were taken to evaluate the associated changes in range of motion that may have taken placei
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King, Bronwen Lynn. "Effectiveness of chiropractic treatment of chronic mechanical lower back pain in conjunction with the use of the Cory Knee cushion." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9042.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment of chronic lower back pain in conjunction with the use of the Cory knee cushion during sleep as compared with chiropractic treatment alone. The cushion is used in an attempt to improve sleeping posture. It was proposed that both treatment protocols would be effective, but that the combined therapy would show better results. An unblinded, controlled pilot study was conducted. Patients responding to advertisements were recruited from the general population. Thirty patients who conformed to the specified criteria and delimitations were accepted into the study and placed randomly in one of two possible treatment groups. One group received chiropractic adjustments in conjunction with the use of the Cory knee cushion during sleep, the other received chiropractic adjustments alone. Comparisons were performed by means of objective (lumbar spine range of motion) and subjective (Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire, MCGiIl Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale) assessments over the eight-week treatment period, with comparisons made at treatments one, four, seven, nine and ten. The results were recorded and the data was statistically analysed using two-sample ttests, paired t-tests, sign rank tests and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicated that there was a generalised improvement in both of the treatment groups in terms of lumbar spine range of motion and pain relief. While group one attained a better range for rotation after the month break, this was an isolated improvement. Under the circumstances of the research, neither group showed considerably superior results over the other, as there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Thus, the full benefit of sleeping with a cushion between the knees in an attempt to improve sleeping posture will need additional investigation in order to be of-use as an adjunct to chiropractic treatment.

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Philips, Gina. "Parents perception of paediatric chiropractic in Johannesburg." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4326.

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M.Tech.
Objectives: To gain statistics on the perception parents in Johannesburg have regarding paediatric chiropractic and to educate the public as to the value of paediatric chiropractic in infants and children and increase the number of paediatric patients presenting to chiropractic practices. Methods: One-hundred-and-fifty questionnaires were completed by willing participants attending various antenatal classes throughout Johannesburg. Thereafter, a brief educational talk on paediatric chiropractic was given to all participants and information brochures were distributed. Results: A total of 34.50% of the participants had been previously treated by a chiropractor, with only 12.80% having been treated during their pregnancy and a further 15.70% who intended to receive chiropractic treatment while they were pregnant. Throughout the various age groups majority (54.20%- 56.30%) of the participants felt that might consult a chiropractor for the treatment of a child, although very little was known about the paediatric conditions that may be treated by chiropractors. Majority of the participants felt that chiropractic treatment of paediatrics and during pregnancy was completely safe. Conclusions: Although the participants were not entirely opposed to paediatric chiropractic (the treatment of children and pregnant mothers) they had very little knowledge regarding the topic of paediatric chiropractic, the conditions it may be successful in treating and the health benefits for children who receive chiropractic treatment. Majority of the participants were interested in furthering their knowledge regarding the topic of paediatric chiropractic.

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Cripps, Gaenor. "Comparative effects of chiropractic adjustment versus chiropractic adjustment combined with static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points for the treatment of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4600.

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M.Tech.
Purpose: This study was undertaken in order to demonstrate the effects of static magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points in the treatment of those suffering from mechanical neck pain. Isolated spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine was compared to spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points using both objective and subjective measurements. Before the execution of this study, it was hypothesised that both treatment protocols would be effective in the treatment of mechanical neck pain, although the combined therapy would be more effective. Method: Patients were recruited by way of advertisements placed in and around the University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein campus and their health clinic. Thirty patients with mechanical neck pain were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group one received manipulation to the affected joints of the cervical spine and group two received manipulation to the cervical spine combined with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points. Procedure: Each patient in each group attended six treatment sessions; three in the first week and three in the second week. The Vernon Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (subjective measurements) were completed by each patient and the Cervical Range of Motion instrument (objective measurements) was used to collect readings from each patient in both the control and experimental groups, subjective and objective measurements were taken before treatment one, three and six. Specific treatment protocols were then adhered to. Results: The results indicated that both treatment protocols were effective in reducing mechanical neck pain although not one group was more effective than VI the other. Both groups improved subjectively and objectively as they had cervical spinal manipulation directed at joint dysfunction. Conclusion: The experimental group who received spinal manipulative therapy to correct joint dysfunction in conjunction with magnetic field therapy on acupuncture points was not more effective than the control group who received spinal manipulation only, in the treatment of mechanical neck pain.

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"A comparison of three chiropractic treatment protocols in the treatment of primary headache." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2667.

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Pillay, Desigan. "A double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of the Harpago and celery seed cream in mild to moderate degenerative joint disease of the knee." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/202.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xvi, 82 leaves, Annexures A-L
To determine the efficacy of the Harpago and celery seed cream in mild to moderate degenerative joint disease of the knee in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings

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Van, der Toorn Ingrid. "The prevalence and clinical presentation of fibularis myofascial trigger points in the assessment and treatment of inversion ankle sprains." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/175.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 121 leaves
Ankle sprains account for 85% of all injuries to the ankle (Garrick, 1997). Inversion sprains result from a twisting of a weight-bearing foot into a plantarflexed and inverted position leading to lateral ankle ligament injury. Louwerens and Snijders (1999) state that there are multiple factors involved in ankle sprains or lateral ankle instability. These include injury to the lateral ankle ligaments, proprioceptive dysfunction and decrease of central motor control. Other factors that still need further research include the role of the fibularis muscles, the influence of foot geometry and the role of subtalar instability in ankle sprains (Louwerens and Snijders, 1999). This study focused on the fibularis muscles. Fibularis longus and brevis muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg and function to evert/pronate the foot and plantarflex the ankle. Fibularis tertius is found in the anterior compartment and its function is to evert and dorsiflex the foot. Myofascial trigger points in these three muscles refer pain primarily over the lateral malleolus of the ankle, above, behind and below it (Travell and Simons, 1993 2: 371). This is the exact area where ankle sprain patients experience pain. Travel and Simons (1993 2:110) state that a once off traumatic occurrence can activate myofascial trigger points. When considering the mechanism of injury of a lateral ankle sprain, the importance of the fibularis muscles becomes obvious. When the ankle inverts during a lateral ankle sprain, these muscles are forcefully stretched whilst trying to contract to bring about their normal action. Therefore these muscles are often injured from traction when the foot inverts (Karageanes, 2004). It stands to reason that as a result of this mechanism of injury myofascial trigger points may develop in the fibularis muscles. It was hypothesised that fibularis muscle trigger points would prove to be more prevalent in the injured leg when compared to the uninjured leg. To further investigate this hypothesis, an analytical, cross sectional study (phase 1) was done on 44 participants between the ages of 15 and 50. Consecutive convenience sampling was used and participants were screened according to phase 1’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to Travel et al. (1999 1: 19) myofascial trigger points (whether active or latent) can cause significant motor dysfunction. Trevino, et al. (1994) stated that fibularis muscle weakness is thought to be a source of symptoms after an inversion sprain. Treatment for ankle sprains involves minimising swelling and bruising and encouraging adequate ankle protection in the acute phase. The patient is advised to rest for up to 72 hours to allow the ligaments to heal (Ivins, 2006). After the acute phase has passed, rehabilitation is focused on. This includes improving the ankle range of motion and proprioception. Attention is also given to strengthen the muscles, ligaments and tendons around the ankle joint. In the recommended treatment protocol however, no mention is made of evaluating the musculature around the ankle joint for myofascial trigger points and or treating these points. McGrew and Schenck (2003) noted that if the musculature and neural structures surrounding the ankle joint were affected during an ankle sprain injury, and were left unresolved, they would lead to chronic instability. It was hypothesised that lateral ankle pain due to inversion ankle sprain injuries may be due to referred pain from the fibularis muscle trigger points. Patients treated with dry needling of the fibularis muscle trigger points would therefore show a greater improvement in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings when compared to a placebo treatment (detuned ultrasound) applied to the fibularis muscle trigger points.

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Harris, Kelly Jayne. "The state of current knowledge regarding evidence-based conservative management of iliotibial band syndrome : a systematic review." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1103.

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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2013.
Background : It has become practically impossible for practitioners to remain current with clinical developments. Additionally the demand from patients and third party payors for quality evidence is increasing. A systematic review is one manner in which information can be graded, summarised and presented in a succinct format for use by practitioners, patients and third party payors. Objectives : To identify the current knowledge available on the conservative management of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) and to evaluate the scientific and methodological rigor of that knowledge. The systematic review of these studies identified the level and type of evidence that currently exists in the support of conservative management of ITBS and the specific interventions and combinations of interventions currently employed. Method : A systematic review of ITBS studies was conducted. ITBS studies were identified using key indexing terms (iliotibial band syndrome, treatment, conservative and intervention) on several databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Metalib, Pubmed, Science Direct and Springerlink), all studies were included up until the date of ethics approval (21st May 2012) . The gathered studies were screened for compliance with the inclusion criteria, and then reviewed by blinded independent reviewers (reviewer criteria included qualification, clinical experience, academic experience, research experience and discipline). Data collection and analysis : The reviewers rated the methodological rigour of the ITBS studies utilising an appropriate scale (e.g. PEDro Scale). Feedback was collated and analysed for discordance. Studies were then analysed, ranked and followed by a discussion in the context of their clinical outcomes, thus formulating a structured summary of the known clinical data with regards to the clinical management of ITBS. Results: The identified citations (4130) were screened and sorted by study type. This resulted in 167 citations that were reviewed by abstract for compliance with the inclusion criteria. A final total of 23 studies meet eligibility criteria. Eight articles reported on a combination of interventions, four discussed biomechanical and causative factors, and the remaining eleven articles investigated individual interventions in the treatment of ITBS. After review and analysis, combination interventions were supported by the strongest level of evidence, thus advocating the use of a combination of interventions in the management of ITBS in providing better clinical outcomes. Moderate evidence favoured the use of customised orthoses, injectable corticosteroids, phonophoresis and addressing biomechanical and causative factors. However, there was moderate evidence against the use of deep tissue frictions, as no improvement was found. This outcome suggests a need for further evidence to advocate the appropriateness of these interventions in clinical care of ITBS. Hip abductor strengthening and stretch therapy were found to have limited evidence. However, no evidence was found to support the application of active release technique, corrective neuromuscular approach, custom dry floatation cushions and talar joint manipulation in the management of ITBS. This latter outcome indicated a need for studies to investigate their appropriateness or inappropriateness in clinical care. Conclusion : The systematic review of ITBS studies revealed that use of a combination of conservative therapies was found to have the strongest level of evidence, which may indicate its appropriateness in the management of patients suffering from ITBS. Specific combinations of conservative therapies and the use of individual therapies require future research in order to better delineate their contribution to the management of ITBS. Randomised controlled trials are the gold standard for research, as they have the greatest level of methodological quality, and should be used where possible when investigating the efficiency of interventions in the treatment of ITBS. Studies, which were not randomised controlled trials, but adopted the principles of a randomised controlled trial structure, contributed positively towards the methodological rigor of these studies.

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Turnbull, Grant S. D. "The effectiveness of three treatment protocols in the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/549.

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Mini-dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2010.
Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (ITBFS) is an overuse injury induced by friction of the iliotibial band (ITB) over the lateral epicondyle of the femur (LFE) with secondary inflammation. ITBFS is a prevalent condition and is the most common cause of lateral knee pain in long distance runners and cyclists. There are a significant number of aetiological factors related to ITBFS. As a result of this the general chiropractic approach to the treatment of ITBFS is multimodal and include interventions such as joint manipulation, cryotherapy, orthotics, massage, electrical stimulation, acupuncture type procedures and therapeutic exercise. Dry-needling is an effective therapy in the treatment of active Myofascial Trigger Points (MFTP’s) that are associated with ITBFS. However, the available literature suggests that to determine its efficacy, it should be performed in isolation. The association of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in ITBFS has also been addressed and are thought to co-exist and perpetuate one another. It is recommended that chiropractors include pelvic manipulation in their treatment protocol for ITBFS however there is a paucity of literature showing its effectiveness in the treatment of this condition. There appears to be a need for further research in the form of randomized controlled clinical trials with regard to chiropractic specific procedures, performed in isolation, in the treatment of ITBFS. Therefore this study aimed to add to the literature by assessing the effect of the sacroiliac joint manipulation and dry needling in the treatment of ITBFS. Objectives The study aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of dry needling alone versus manipulation alone, as well as a combination of the two interventions in the treatment of ITBFS. Methods This study was a randomised, open label trial. 47 participants with ITBFS were divided into three groups, each group receiving a different intervention i.e.: group one received dry needling of the active MFTP’s in the Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL) and ITB, group two received sacroiliac joint manipulation, group three received a combination of the two interventions. Subjective measurements, in the form of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale-101 (NRS-101), and objective measurements, in the form of algometer readings in the TFL, ITB and Nobles Compression test as well as digital inclinometer readings of Modified Obers test, were utilised to determine the effects of the respective interventions. These measurements were recorded twice, once prior to commencing the treatment programme. These values were then evaluated to compare the efficacy of the different treatment interventions. Each participant received four treatments over a two week period. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the three treatment groups as they all seemed to parallel one another with regards to overall improvement in subjective and objective measurements (P<0.5). However on closer examination subtle differences between the groups were noted. An interesting endpoint is that the combination group did not fair the best throughout the study, which was contrary to the original hypothesis. The groups receiving only the single intervention appeared to fair marginally better over the combination group. A secondary endpoint that became evident during the study and on analysis of the data, was that hip joint instability must also be considered when treating ITBFS when there is concomitant sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Conclusion A decision needs to be made with regard to which intervention best suits the individual at the time. A combination therapy, which originally was thought to be the best treatment option, should possibly be reconsidered. Perhaps a single intervention of manipulation or dry needling should be decided upon. In totality, all intervention proved to be effective in the treatment of ITBFS.

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Tyfield, Susan. "The immediate effect of a lumbar manipulation on the clinical and performance measures of amateur tennis players suffering from lower back discomfort associated with playing tennis." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/182.

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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 22, xii, 44 leaves, Appendices 1-10
Lower back pain and lower back injuries have been documented as one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in both amateur and professional tennis players. It has also been documented that the serve, which may be considered one of the most important strokes of the game, is also the most likely stroke to cause back pain. A good tennis serve requires considerable trunk rotation. The serve is the highest stress strain action during tennis. In a two set game the minimum number of serves a player may hit is 24 with a maximum excluding deuces and advantages of 96. The “Topspin serve” in particular requires the player to arch their back and this puts the lumbar spine into hyperextension. These movements thus put considerable pressure on the facet joints and multifidi muscles. It stands to reason that any joint related clinical entity can change biomechanics and affect the serve. In research done on golfers with mechanical lower back pain, it was found that club head velocity as well as pain decreased in symptomatic golfers with mechanical lower back pain after manipulation (Jermyn, 2004). No research has yet been done on manipulation of tennis players with lower back pain. The aim of this investigation was to determine the immediate effect of a lumbar manipulation on the clinical and performance measures of amateur tennis players suffering from lower back discomfort associated with playing tennis.

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Scott-Dawkins, Craig Anthony. "The comparative effectiveness of adjustments versus mobilisation in treating mechanical neck conditions." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2768.

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A dissertation presented to in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1996.
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adjustments versus mobilisation in the treatment of mechanical neck pain. It was hypothesized that treatment with adjustments over a three week period, with a further three week follow-up period, would be more effective than mobilisation in terms of improving the patients' cervical ranges of motion and their perceptions of pain and disability.
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Campbell, Jennifer. "The relative effect of manipulation and core rehabilitation in the treatment of acute mechanical lower back pain in athletes." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/428.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Durban Institute of Technology, 2007.
Objectives The objectives were to compare the relative effect of manipulation and core rehabilitation in the treatment of acute mechanical lower back pain in athletes. Project Design: The study design was a randomized controlled parallel group trial. A quantitative study was performed, by making use of a pre Ã Ã Ã Â¢ and post experimental investigation (Nansel et al. 1993 and Naidoo, 2002). Setting: Participants presenting with acute low back pain with an onset of 7 days or less, to the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the Durban University of Technology. Subjects: Thirty athletic participants, either male or female, between the ages of 18 and 45 years presented at the initial consultation which included participant screening and establishment of their suitability for the study. These were then divided into either group A (which received a manipulation) or group B (which received core exercises). Outcome measure: A correct contraction of the core stability muscles was maintained, with a decrease in pressure (in mm Hg) on a Pressure Biofeedback Unit, and an increase in length of time (in seconds). Results: It was found that there was no significant difference between the manipulation and the core rehabilitation groups. Although both groups showed v improvement with regards to their acute mechanical low back pain, the core rehabilitation group improved at a significantly faster rate than the manipulation group with regards to endurance on the stabilizer. Conclusions: Both treatments were equally beneficial for most of the quantitative outcomes measured in this study. However, for the outcome of time on the stabilizer, the core rehabilitation group improved at a significantly faster rate than the manipulation group (p=0.006).

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Allwood, Tracey Elaine. "The effectiveness of manipulation combined with a cervical pillow compared to manipulation alone in the management of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1842.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2001.
Neck pain is a common condition that has become a serious health concern. Since there is controversy regarding the most effective management of this condition, further research needs to be executed. The purpose of this investigation was to compare manipulation combined with a cervical pillow to manipulation alone in the management of mechanical neck pain. The rationale behind this, was that manipulation is one of the most common treatments for spinal conditions and has shown significant results in alleviating mechanical neck pain. Cervical pillows have been investigated by various researchers. They have concluded that cervical pillows are effective in treating mechanical neck pain. Thus, using the pillow as an adjunct to manipulation should attain superior results to manipulation alone. This study consisted of 40 patients who were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The average age of the patients was 34 years old and the average duration of neck pain was pain of greater than 6 months. The patients received 6 treatments over a 4 week period. Group1 were manipulated and given a cervical pillow to sleep on, while group 2 received manipulation alone.
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Sayers, Adam Cornelius. "The effectiveness of chiropractic treatment in combination with dry needling of the vastus medialis oblique muscle in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2472.

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M.Tech.
The purpose of this unblinded controlled study was to determine the effective of dry needling of the Vastus Medialis Oblique muscle when utilised in conjunction with conservative chiropractic management for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). The subjects of the trial were treated at the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the University of Johannesburg. Thirty patients suffering from chronic Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome were chosen for the study and they were divided into two groups of fifteen. The first group received conservative chiropractic care which consisted of manipulation of the sacroiliac joint, mobilisation of the knee and patella joints and stretching and strengthening exercises consisting of Quadriceps standing self stretch and Quadriceps setting as the strengthening exercise. The second group received the above treatment but also underwent dry needling of the Vastus Medialis Oblique muscle. The objective data for this research was recorded using a lower limb isometric dynamometer and the subjective data was recorded with a pain scale. Both sets of data were recorded on the first, third and fifth treatments. The results of the trial showed that there was a significant increase in strength with a reduction in pain levels for both groups but there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the two groups. The dry needling group did however improve at a faster rate than the other group but it did even out after the five treatments. What was noteworthy is that the males of the study improved their strength by a much greater extent than the females which is uncommon for PFPS. The end result of this study is that overall, dry needling of the Vastus Medialis Oblique muscle is not highly beneficial in the long term management of PFPS but does have its benefits in the early stages of the treatment in order to relieve the acute pain and increase the Quadriceps muscle strength rapidly.

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Ferguson, Sarah Kim. "A cross sectional cohort pilot study of the activation and endurance of the transversus abdominis muscle in three populations." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/325.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xi, 60 leaves, Annexures 1-9
The Transversus Abdominis (TrA) muscle is recognised in the literature as playing a vital and protective role in maintaining a healthy core and aiding lumbar biomechanics in the dampening of external forces applied to the lumbar spine. Pilates purports to employ the principles of core training yet there remains a deficit in the literature despite its popularity in rehabilitation and fitness industries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pilates method in training the TrA in comparison to a moderately active population that regularly exercises in a gym environment, as well as a sedentary control.

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Murray, Stuart M. "The immediate effect of thoraco-lumbar spinal manipulation compared to lower lumbar spinal manipulation on core muscle endurance and activity in patients with mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/477.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009.
Through the literature review it has become apparent that low back pain is a very real problem in most societies. It has been suggested that there is enough evidence to prove the relationship between low back pain and local muscle dysfunction and that focus in management of these patients should be the rehabilitation of these muscles by exercise. Literature suggests that optimal core muscle strength, control and endurance working synergistically with the rest of the neuromusculoskeletal system is necessary for lumbar spine stability . Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition is caused by distension and/or damage of a joint and is thought to disable the muscle from contracting all its muscle fibres. When a joint is injured it is thought that AMI causes muscle weakness, which in turn hampers the rehabilitation process of that joint despite complete muscle integrity. Spinal manipulative therapy has been shown to alter the excitability of spinal muscle motor neurons due to the stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the joint capsules suggesting that SMT could be a means to remove this inhibitory action. The literature supports the hypothesis that a decrease in the neurological deficit caused by AMI may result in a faster recovery rate. Aims The aim of this study is to determine the immediate effect of thoraco-lumbar spinal manipulation compared to lower lumbar spinal manipulation on core muscle endurance and activity in patients with mechanical low back pain by assessing the correlation between the objective and subjective measures. Method A prospective, convenience sample with purpose allocation (pre /post) clinical trial was used as the sampling method. Thirty participants where placed in two groups, group one and group two, of fifteen people each. Group one underwent spinal v manipulative therapy between L4 and S1 spinal levels. Group two underwent spinal manipulative therapy in between T8 and L1 spinal levels. The objective and subjective testing was done pre- and post-intervention. The objective data was that of a surface EMG attached bilaterally over the internal oblique as well as a prone abdominal draw in biofeedback test. The subjective data included a pain numerical rating scale (0-100). Results The results showed to partially favour group two (thoraco-lumbar), in both increased endurance time that would prove that AMI does in fact inhibit the transversus abdominis and obliques internus, thus it would hinder the rehabilitative process. Some of the statistics where not in favour of the aims, as there was no difference in the effect of group one or two on the NRS, as both improved consistently. It would be recommended that use be made of fine-wire EMG for testing the activity in both the obliques internus and the transversus abdominis, which would allow for more consistent readings, thus adding strength to the research.

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Dwyer, Lauren. "The relative effectiveness of three full kinetic chain treatment protocols for osteoarthritis of the knee : manual therapy, rehabilitation and a combination thereof." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/970.

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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2013.
Background : Many treatment options provide symptomatic improvement of joint function for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Research suggests full kinetic chain (FKC) manual and manipulative therapy (MMT) and rehabilitation yields greater benefits than home rehabilitation alone. However this treatment combination has never been compared against FKC MMT alone. Objectives : Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of three FKC treatment protocols in the management of knee OA. Method : A single-blinded, randomised comparative trial of sixty-six patients with knee OA, equally allocated to three treatment groups: manipulation only, rehabilitation only or manipulation plus rehabilitation (a.k.a. combination group). Manipulation groups received bi-weekly FKC treatment, while a daily at-home stretching and exercise programme was prescribed to the groups receiving rehabilitation. Treatment lasted three weeks, with outcomes measure taken at baseline, pre-visit 4 and 1-week follow up. Primary outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and McMaster Overall Therapeutic Effectiveness (OTE) Tool. Results : There was a drop-out rate of 7.6% (n=5), with intent to treat analysis providing the missing data. All three treatment groups showed clinically and statistically significant changes in overall WOMAC scores from baseline to 1-week follow up. The combination group showed the largest improvement (50.5%), followed by manipulation (44.4%) and rehabilitation (33.6%). However, this difference between group improvement was not statistically significant (p= 0.156). Conclusion : All three intervention protocols showed statistically significant improvement in most outcome measures at 1-week follow-up. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups and therefore it is concluded that the interventions appear to be equally effective in the short-term management of knee OA.

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Basdav, Jyotika. "The prevalence and impact of primary headaches on students at the Durban based campuses of the Durban University of Technology (DUT)." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1510.

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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.
Background Headaches affect different proportions of many populations and are experienced by any age, gender or ethnicity group. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of headaches in South Africa, particularly amongst the university student population. Previous studies have suggested that headaches impact on daily activities as well as family and/or social activities. Studies on the impact of headaches on students are limited. Aim of Study The aim of this research study was to determine the prevalence and impact of primary headaches amongst students at the Durban University of Technology (DUT). Methodology A quantitative descriptive cross sectional survey was used to determine the prevalence of primary headaches in the student population at DUT. A minimum sample size of 384 was calculated using a confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of five percent. All six faculties were included. The course programmes and levels were chosen by multi-stage sampling. Each willing participant was required to sign a written consent form prior to enrolment in the study. Subsequently a self-administered questionnaire was filled out. The International Classification of Headache Disorder Criteria was used to classify primary headaches. All data was captured on an Excel spreadsheet and subsequently analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results The total of 471 completed questionnaires was received. The prevalence of primary and secondary headaches was similar (50.2%; n = 222 versus 49.8%; n = 220, p = 0.92). More participants suffered from tension type (68.5%; n = 152) headaches compared to migraines (16.2%, n = 36) and mixed migraine and tension type headaches (15.3%, n = 34; p < 0.001). None of the study participants suffered from cluster headaches. Poor vision and stress increased the risk of a headache occurrence. The main relieving factor identified was the use of medication. Other relieving factors reported were sleep and relaxation. There was no correlation between suffering from headaches across the different faculties (p = 0.65), age of the participant (p = 0.77), ethnicity (p = 0.40), marital status (p = 0.84) and gender (p = 0.35). Headaches had a negative impact on the academic activities of the affected participants, including limited concentration and a complete halt to studies. Conclusion Tension type headaches were more prevalent amongst the study population. The impact of headaches limited concentration during tests and examination periods. An increased frequency and intensity of headaches was reported during this period. Family, social or leisure activities were also neglected when a headache occurred. This study adds to the current literature on headache prevalence in the student population. It also highlights that chiropractors are not consulted for headaches by students in the South African context. The chiropractic profession can benefit by tapping into this population.
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Schooling, Leonie. "The immediate effect of a chiropractic sacroiliac joint adjustment on gait." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8315.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
Purpose: The pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, ankle and foot form a closed kinematic chain during gait. According to biomechanical principles any restriction or tension in one part of the kinematic chain will create increased load on the other parts of the same chain (Comerford and Mottram, 2001; Sahrmann, 2000). This increased load can lead to dysfunction and compensation along the chain and also lead to gait anomalies. A chiropractic adjustment is utilised for the treatment of sacroiliac joint restrictions. There has not been research conducted to establish the effects that a chiropractic adjustment has on lower limb biomechanics and gait. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a sacroiliac adjustment had an effect on gait by looking at the gait parameters. Method: Sixty participants who were between the ages of 18 and 40 years were recruited. The participants were asked to sign a consent form and then a thorough history and physical examination was performed to ensure that participants did not have any disease or pathology that may have excluded them from the study. These included foot pathologies, knee pathologies, hip pathologies, structural leg length discrepancies, or any contraindications to chiropractic adjustment. A lumbar spine regional examination as well as motion palpation of the sacroiliac joints was performed to determine which joints were restricted. Each participant then underwent a gait assessment before and after they received a chiropractic adjustment to the restricted sacroiliac joint. Procedure: Participants only received one adjustment. Objective measurements were obtained using the Zebris FDM gait analysis system. This system uses high-quality capacitive force sensors that are arranged in matrix form. As a result, each sensor produces its own calibration curve. The measuring plates enable the static and dynamic force distribution to be analysed under the feet while standing and walking. The measuring plate is integrated in a level walking area. The measuring parameters are automatically calculated in the WinFDM program and a printable, easy to read report of the measuring results is then available (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany). Each participant walked over the measuring plate for 4 times. This was done before and after the adjustment.Results: Statistically significant changes were seen between the pre and post treatment measurements of foot rotation on the treatment side, the step length on the treatment side, the stride length, the stance phase on both the treatment and non-treatment sides, the swing phase on the treatment and non-treatment side and the total double support. Conclusion: This study shows that a chiropractic adjustment to the sacroiliac joint does change certain gait parameters and it should therefore be part of any treatment regime for gait abnormalities. Podiatrists, biokineticists and chiropractors should work together when treating patients with gait abnormalities. As the study only recruited asymptomatic participants, further studies are necessary to determine the effect a chiropractic adjustment has on the gait of symptomatic patients.

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Miller, Karen Janette. "The relative effectiveness of laser versus dry needling in the treatment of myofasciitis." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2780.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2000.
This study compared the relative effectiveness of low intensity laser therapy as opposed to dry needling in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to determine the more effective method of treating active myofascial trigger points, in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings. This study was a comparative, uncontrolled, unblinded pilot study. It was also intended to expand upon the little understood pathophysiology and treatment of muscular pain, in both chiropractic and medical curricula (Gatterman 1990: 285).
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Lederle, Brett. "The chiropractic management of jumper's knee : a case study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11284.

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Venketsamy, Yomika. "A retrospective cross-sectional survey of cervical cases recorded at the Durban University of Technology (D.U.T.) chiropractic day clinic (1995-2005)." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/161.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xii, 72, Annexures 1-10, [19] leaves
The purpose of this research was to conduct a descriptive study of cervical cases recorded at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic from 1995 to 2005 as there is a paucity of information on the recorded cases of neck pain in South Africa.

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Bruckner, Rene. "The effects of chiropractic treatment on patients' quality of life." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5936.

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M.Tech.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether chiropractic care has an effect on a patient's quality of life using the endpoints of: "the ability to perform general activities of daily living" (patient's level of disability, and restored function) and their "general emotional state" (energy level, depression, interference from emotional problems and feeling of wellness), also how these endpoints affect quality of life. Two hundred and fifty-three subjects participated in this study. The inclusion requirements were that subjects had to be aged 20 — 60, having been under chiropractic care previously. The subjects were recruited from 14 private practices from the whole of South Africa. All subjects were required to complete a self administered quality of life questionnaire. The quality of life questionnaire was developed to suit the South African population. Each questionnaire took about 5 minutes to complete. Domains used to calculate the results were changes in aerobic activity, physical activity, hygiene, activities of daily living and emotional state, after chiropractic care compared to before chiropractic care. The results overall showed that subjects experienced an improvement in their quality of life after chiropractic care. Chiropractic care therefore, had a beneficial effect on patients' quality of life. The overall results were statistically significant. The researcher therefore concludes that chiropractic care has an effect on patients' quality of life. It is recommended that future studies / research utilize a more comprehensively developed research questionnaire

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Rama, Sunil. "The efficacy of chiropractic care in the treatment of plantar fasciitis utilising foot and ankle manipulation, gastrocsoleus stretching and cross friction massage of the plantar fascia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4797.

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M. Tech.
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain for which professional care is sought (Singh, 2008). Plantar fasciitis is a common injury, and one which is known to be stubborn to many forms of treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the most effective treatment for individuals suffering with plantar fasciitis comparing three protocols, i.e. mobilisation and manipulation of the foot and ankle with cross friction massage of the plantar fascia versus stretching of the gastroc-soleus complex with cross friction massage of the plantar fascia or a combination of the aforementioned treatments. Participants in the study were recruited from information pamphlets, the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic and Podiatry Day Clinics and running clubs. Only those participants that conformed to the selection criteria were allowed to participate in the study. A total of forty five participants were included. These participants were randomly placed into one of three groups of fifteen participants in each group. Group one received manipulation and mobilisation therapy to the foot and ankle with cross friction massage of the plantar fascia. Group two received cross friction massage of the plantar fascia and stretching of the gastroc-soleus muscle. Group three received a combination of the aforementioned therapies. Subjective data was collected using the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the Foot Function Index (FFI). Objective data was collected using the algometer to test differences in pain at the plantar fascia as well as ankle range of motion in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion which was measured using a goniometer. The results of this study indicate that cross friction massage of the plantar fascia and stretching of the gastroc-soleus complex would appear to have shown the greatest overall improvement in terms of reducing the pain and disability and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. Manipulation of the foot and ankle, cross friction massage of the plantar fascia and stretching of the gastroc-soleus complex proved to have shown the greatest overall improvement in plantarflexion only. Based on the results of the study, cross friction massage and gastroc-soleus stretching is the most effective treatment protocol for plantar fasciitis.

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40

Hutchings, Tracey Ann. "The treatment of myofascial syndrome using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) : a comparison between two types of electrode placements." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2801.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1998.
Myofascial syndrome is a very common condition which is frequently encountered at Chiropractic clinics. It is also a very complex condition and as such is a very frustrating one to treat effectively. Tens is resegnised as a clinically effective modality in the treatment of Myofascial syndrome, however guidelines with respect to the most effective electrode placements are lacking.
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41

Pooke, Hayden Clyde. "The relative effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation to the level of main segmental nerve supply as opposed to dry needling in the treatment of muscles with myofascial trigger points." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2784.

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A dissertation in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2000.
Myofascial trigger points are a common problem for patients as weJl as physicians. According to some authors Myofascial Pain Syndromes encompass the largest group of unrecognised and under-treated medical disorders. At present, needling techniques seem to be most effective in treating myofascial trigger points, however, many chiropractors claim that manipulation alone is sufficient for trigger point amelioration. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation to the level of main segmental nerve supply versus dry needling in the treatment of selected muscles with myofascial trigger points.
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42

Birdsey, Paul Craig. "The reliability of motion palpation versus a traditional chiropractic method for the analysis of chronic mechanical sacroiliac joint syndrome." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2762.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2000.
Sacroiliac joint syndrome represents a common cause of lower back pain (Cassidy and Burton 1992:3). However, much controversy exists regarding the most reliable method used to diagnose and determine sacroiliac joint dysfunction (Wiles and Faye 1992).
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43

McPhail, Sarah. "The role of lumbar spine x-rays in the diagnosis and management of patients who present with low back pain." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/662.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011.
Background: Low back pain is a common condition and affects most people at least once in their lives. The causes of low back pain (LBP) are numerous and may include non-specific mechanical causes, or specific causes which may be of a more serious nature. Researchers have tried to link specific history and physical examination findings with certain disorders, but as of yet, have been unsuccessful. Research has shown that x-rays may be over utilized and the guidelines for referral are not always adhered to. Furthermore, there is a paucity of literature on the role of x-rays in influencing the management of patients with low back pain. Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective study were: 1) to determine the relationship between the clinical and the radiographic diagnoses of patients with LBP, 2) to record the consultation at which a lumbar spine x-ray was requested by the student or clinician and the reasons thereof, 3) to record the suspected clinical diagnoses and management of the selected patients prior to referral for lumbar spine x-rays, 4) to determine the number of incidental radiographic findings in the selected patients’ x-rays, and 5) to determine any change in the clinical diagnoses and management following radiographic reporting of the selected patients’ x-rays. Method: The Chiropractic Day Clinic (CDC) at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) archives were searched for lumbar spine radiographs and the corresponding patient files of patients who presented with LBP from 1 January 1997 to 31 July 2010. Data collection was in a stepwise process with the anteroposterior and lateral lumbar spine x-rays being read first, without any knowledge of the patient’s main complaint and then the corresponding patient files were evaluated and selected clinical variables were recorded. Statistical analysis included the use of frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation and range for the descriptive objectives. Diagnoses were categorized into specific groups and indicator variables were used to construct two-by-two tables of absence or presence of radiographic vs. clinical diagnosis for each specific diagnosis to determine any possible associations. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.9 (± 16.9) years and the number of male and female patients were 40 and 34 respectively. It was not possible to correlate the clinical and radiographic diagnoses because the categories were too different for any statistical test to be performed. Spondylosis was the most common radiographic finding. The majority of the lumbar spine x-rays were requested at the first consultation. No suitable reason for obtaining the x-ray was provided in 14.6% of the x-rays requested and 20.7% were requested to examine for an unspecified pathology. Of the 74 patients in this study, 44 patients did not have a change in diagnosis, which means that 59.5% of the diagnoses stayed the same after x-ray examination. However, in 30 (40.5%) of cases the clinical diagnosis was changed following x-ray examination. This may indicate an overuse of x-rays at the CDC. Most patients were diagnosed with the non specific mechanical causes of low back pain. A wide range of treatment modalities were utilized both before and after x-rays were taken, including soft tissue therapies, electrotherapies and spinal manipulation. Following x-ray imaging there was a greater use of spinal manipulation ie. 62% versus only 39% of cases prior to imaging. Conclusion: Lumbar spine x-rays may be over utilised at the CDC but their findings were influential in the diagnosis and management in 30 (40.5%) of the patients. The majority of the clinical diagnoses were of the mechanical or non-specific causes of low back pain.

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44

Dugmore, Belinda Rose. "A double blinded, placebo controlled study to determine the influence of the clinical ritual in instrument assisted adjusting during the management of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/504.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006.
Health care practitioners have known for some time that patients benefit from specific manual intervention effects, but also from the manner in which these are presented. The latter at times having as much impact on patient health as the former. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the clinical ritual during instrument assisted adjusting whilst managing mechanical lower back pain. The study was a randomized prospective study comprising of sixty participants aged 18-59. These individuals were randomly allocated into two groups of thirty and then further stratified to control for gender. Both Groups were diagnosed according to the Activator Methods Chiropractic Technique (AMCT), however the tension was set at maximum for group A, whilst the device was set to the minimum tension for group B. Each patient received three treatments and one follow up visit over a two-week period. Subjective data was collected at the first, third and follow up visit. Subjective data was recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, the Roland Morris Questionnaire and the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Outcomes were analysed through with the SPSS statistical package at a 95% level of confidence. After analysis of the collected data it was found that there was no statistical difference between the groups, but there was a non-specific trend suggesting a better outcome in the full tension activator group (Group A). Thus, the research indicated that patients perceptions, the patient-practitioner relationship, and the assumption of an outcome of success as well as the power of placebo or non-specific effects play a large role in the managing of lower back pain in a chiropractic environment.

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45

Guiry, Sioban. "The efficacy of a conservative chiropractic management approach in the treatment of symptomatic hallux abcuctovalqus (bunions)." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2123.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2002.
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a conservative chiropractic management approach in the treatment of symptomatic hallux abductovalgus (bunions). The study was a prospective, randomised clinical trial involving sixty subjects, thirty in each group, which were selected from the general population. Group A received a conservative chiropractic management approach, encompassing progressive mobilization of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, used in conjunction with cryotherapy and adjustment of all other fixations found in the foot and ankle. Group B received a placebo treatment by means of de-tuned Action Potential Therapy administered to the involved foot. Each group received six treatments over a two-week period and attended a one-week follow up consultation for data collection. Objective assessment was performed by measuring the pressure pain threshold using a digital algometer. Subjective assessment was by means of the Numerical Rating Scale-101 (NRS-101) and the Foot Function Index (FFI). The Hallux-metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal Scale (HAL) incorporated assessment of both objective and subjective measurements. Assessments were taken at the first, third, sixth and one week follow-up consultations, for all the subjective and objective data. Statistical analysis was completed under the supervision of Mr K. Thomas at . the Technikon Natal, at a 95% confidence interval. The parametric two-sampled paired t-test, the Friedman's test and the Dunn's post test were used to analyse the data within each group (intra-group analysis), whilst the parametric two-sampled unpaired t-test and the non-parametric Mann Whitney unpaired U-test were used to analyse the data between the two groups (inter-group analysis).
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46

Gobrin, Gilon. "The therapeutic efficacy of spinal adjustive procedures in the management of asthma." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1948.

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal,1997.
Asthma, one of the most frustrating medical conditions known to man, has been a thorn in the side of physicians world wide. A condition that seems to consist of all exceptions and no rules has resulted in endless debates regarding the correct treatment protocol for its management, which at present only seem to subdue the patient's symptomatology rather than eliminate them. The ever increasing number of asthmatic sufferers and the increasing number of deaths related to asthma are both reflections of the inadequacy of present treatment protocols and therefore demonstrate the need for their revision. It is thus the aim of this study to ascertain the therapeutic efficacy of spinal adjustive procedures a n the management of asthma. Patients were obtained for this study by consecutive sampling, whereby any patients presenting to the Chiropractic Clinic at Technikon Natal, as a response to the newspaper adverts and pamphlets placed ln the greater Durban area, were considered for the study. Of these patients, only those who conformed to the specified delimitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted. The study was divided into 3 distinct periods. The first, called the baseline study, required the entire sample of 30 patients to undergo subjective and objective tests, whilst receiving no chiropractic treatment, in order to establish the patients' astrunatic condition. The second period, called the initial treatment period, required the entire sample to undergo further subjective and objective testing while receiving chiropractic treatment, which comprised soft tissue therapy and adjustments of fixations in the CO-C2 and T2-T7 areas.
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47

Opperman, Estelle. "Chiropractic care in association with a wellness approach for the treatment of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2036.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1997.
This study was done in order to compare the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment in association with a wellness approach, to chiropractic treatment without a wellness approach in the management of Mechanical Low Back Pain. Low back pain is an enormous problem in today's society. Vast amounts of money are spent annually on the investigation into and treatment of low back pain, and numerous work days are lost due to absenteeism. Chronic low back pain also affects the individual's life\xB7style, and can lead to psychological problems. Thousands of low back operations are done yearly, with a significantly high failure rate. (Frymoyer et al. 1980.) In this study factors such as cost, recovery tine and incidence of reoccurrence were used as criteria to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment applied to the two groups of patients. The concept of holise was applied to one group, whereas the other group was treated without this approach. The study was conducted as a clinical trial, with two experimental groups. Thirty patients who had responded to an advertiselOent were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The patients were selected fro~ the general population on the grounds of their signs and sylllptoos. Group A received chiropractic treatment in association with the wellness approach. This comprised patient education in the form of guidance towards life-style changes and exercises. Patients were also given a detailed explanation of their problems, leading to an understanding of their conditions. Group B received chiropractic treatment only. Their condition was not explained, and they did not receive any of the holistic aspectts mentioned for group A.
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48

Haswell, Garrick David. "The efficacy of dry needling in patients suffering from lateral epicondylitis." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1802.

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A dissertation proposal presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2002.
Lateral epicondylitis is a relatively common disorder affecting approximately one third of the nearly thirty-two million tennis players worldwide. It usually presents as a chronic disorder that follows a remitting relapsing course, and as such represents a challenge to manage. At present the scientific literature does not favour any particular treatment modality and as such well designed placebo studies are required to assess the efficacy of the various modalities of treatment, with a long term view of establishing an effective treatment protocol to manage lateral epicondylitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of dry needling the posterior distal muscles of the upper extremity as a treatment for lateral epicondylitis. Sixty patients were included in the study. They all under went a case history, physical examination and an elbow regional examination. They were then randomly allocated into the experimental or control groups. The thirty patients in the experimental group received dry needling while the thirty included in the control group received placebo or 'sham' needling. All participants in the study received three treatments over a nine-day period with subjective and objective measurements being taken before the 1st. 2nd, and 3rd treatments, with a 4th being taken after the third treatment. Examination of the statistical data revealed that a significant improvement in the experimental group versus the control group in terms of both subjective
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49

Anderson, Michael Drew. "The effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation of cervicogenic headache in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10560.

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M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
Cervicogenic Headache is a common musculoskeletal disorder afflicting people worldwide. It causes decreased productivity and mild to severe disability and thus has a large socio-economic impact on society. Much research is needed to improve the successful management of patients afflicted with this disorder. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of spinal manipulation alone and spinal manipulation in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Thirty eligible participants conforming to the North American Cervicogenic Headache Society classification of cervicogenic headache were solicited and randomly assigned to two groups of fifteen. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy to the full spine. Group 2 received spinal manipulative therapy to the full spine as well as cervical stabilization exercises. Patients were treated eight times over a four-week period with a six-week follow-up consultation thereafter. Objective and subjective measurements were taken at. the first, fourth, eighth and six-week follow-up consultations. Objective measurements consisted of cervical spine range of motion measurements. Subjective measures consisted of the Vernon-Mior neck pain and disability index and the numerical pain rating scale. Both groups displayed numerical improvements in all cervical spine ranges of motion. Both groups had statistically significant improvements in cervical spine right lateral flexion, while group 1 only had a statistically significant improvement in cervical spine left lateral flexion. Both groups displayed statistically significant improvements in the subjective measures. However, neither group had a statistically significant improvement over the other. It can be concluded that neither spinal manipulative therapy nor spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises is more effective than the other. Thus rehabilitation of the cervicogenic headache patient yielded no measurable added benefit to spinal manipulative therapy only. However, results indicate that if more rigid or complex application of cervical spine stability training is incorporated, superior results may be achieved.

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50

Abdul-Rasheed, Ashura. "The effectiveness of spinal manipulation and dry needling versus spinal manipulation and Traumeel®S injectable solution in the treatment of mechanical neck pain associated with trapezius myofascial trigger points." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/967.

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Dissertation completed in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2013.
Background: Mechanical neck pain is a common complaint characterized by pain, limited range of motion and myofascial trigger points. The most common treatments for it are manual therapy and drug therapy. The former includes massage and exercise therapy and more specific to this study spinal manipulation and dry needling. The latter includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and analgesics. Manipulation assists in increasing range of movement and reduces muscle spasm, while dry-needling inactivates trigger points and decreases local and referred pain. NSAIDs reduce pain and muscle spasm by inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Traumeel®S is a commonly used, safe and well tolerated homoeopathic anti-inflammatory with similar efficacy as NSAIDs but without the adverse gastrointestinal effects. It has also been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of myofascial pain. Methodology: This study was designed as a randomized comparative clinical trial. Fourty participants between ages 18-55 years of age were randomly allocated to two groups of twenty participants each. Group A received spinal manipulation and dry needling in trapezius trigger point two; while Group B received spinal manipulation and Traumeel®S solution injection in trapezius trigger point two. The study took place over a period of two weeks and involved four consultations. Subjective and objective readings were taken at every consultation. Subjective tools included the Numerical pain rating scale (NRS) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) neck disability index. Objective tools included the pressure algometer and cervical range of motion (CROM-II) goniometer. SPSS version 20.0 was used in the data analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showed that no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of subjective and objective measurements. However, there were statistically significant improvements seen in both groups equally in terms of subjective and objective measurements i.e. both groups showed improvement. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the effectiveness of spinal manipulation and dry needling versus spinal manipulation and Traumeel®S Injectable solution in the treatment of mechanical neck pain associated with trapezius myofascial trigger points is equivalent to each other. No statistically or clinically significant changes were noticed between the groups.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chiropractic treatment'

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