Academic literature on the topic 'Chiropractics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chiropractics"

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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 4: Committee on Quackery." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-25.

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Objective This is the fourth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit, in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the history of the origins of AMA's increased efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession and the development of the Chiropractic Committee, which would later become the AMA Committee on Quackery. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 articles following a successive timeline. This article is the fourth of the series that explores the origins of AMA's increased efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. Results In the 1950s, the number of chiropractors grew in Iowa, and chiropractors were seeking equity with other health professions through legislation. In response, the Iowa State Medical Society created a Chiropractic Committee to contain chiropractic and prompted the creation of the “Iowa Plan” to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. The AMA leadership was enticed by the plan and hired the Iowa State Medical Society's legislative counsel, who structured the operation. The AMA adopted the Iowa Plan for nationwide implementation to eradicate chiropractic. The formation of the AMA's Committee on Chiropractic, which was later renamed the Committee on Quackery (CoQ), led overt and covert campaigns against chiropractic. Both national chiropractic associations were fully aware of many, but not all, of organized medicine's plans to restrain chiropractic. Conclusion By the 1960s, organized medicine heightened its efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. The intensified campaign began in Iowa and was adopted by the AMA as a national campaign. Although the meetings of the AMA committees were not public, the war against chiropractic was distributed widely in lay publications, medical sources, and even chiropractic journals. Details about events would eventually be more fully revealed during the Wilk v AMA trials.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 8: Judgment impact." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-29.

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Objective This paper is the eighth in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possible impact that the final decision in favor of the plaintiffs may have had on the chiropractic profession. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive timeline. This paper is the eighth of the series that discusses how the trial decision may have influenced the chiropractic that we know today in the United States. Results Chiropractic practice, education, and research have changed since before the lawsuit was filed. There are several areas in which we propose that the trial decision may have had an impact on the chiropractic profession. Conclusion The lawsuit removed the barriers that were implemented by organized medicine against the chiropractic profession. The quality of chiropractic practice, education, and research continues to improve and the profession continues to meet its most fundamental mission: to improve the lives of patients. Chiropractors practicing in the United States today are allowed to collaborate freely with other health professionals. Today, patients have the option to access chiropractic care because of the dedicated efforts of many people to reduce the previous barriers. It is up to the present-day members of the medical and chiropractic professions to look back and to remember what happened. By recalling the events surrounding the lawsuit, we may have a better understanding about our professions today. This information may help to facilitate interactions between medicine and chiropractic and to develop more respectful partnerships focused on creating a better future for the health of the public. The future of the chiropractic profession rests in the heads, hearts, and hands of its current members to do what is right.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 7: Lawsuit and decisions." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-28.

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Objective This is the seventh paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the lawsuit that was first filed in 1976 and concluded with the final denial of appeal in 1990. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive time line. This paper, the seventh of the series, considers the information of the 2 trials and the judge's decision. Results By the time the first trial began in 1980, the AMA had already changed its anti-chiropractic stance to allow medical doctors to associate with chiropractors if they wished. In the first trial, the chiropractors were not able to overcome the very stigma that organized medicine worked so hard to create over many decades, which resulted in the jury voting in favor of the AMA and other defendants. The plaintiffs, Drs Patricia Arthur, James Bryden, Michael Pedigo, and Chester Wilk, continued with their pursuit of justice. Their lawyer, Mr George McAndrews, fought for an appeal and was allowed a second trial. The second trial was a bench trial in which Judge Susan Getzendanner declared her final judgment that “the American Medical Association (AMA) and its members participated in a conspiracy against chiropractors in violation of the nation's antitrust laws.” After the AMA's appeal was denied by the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 1990, the decision was declared permanent. The injunction that was ordered by the judge was published in the January 1, 1988, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Conclusion The efforts by Mr McAndrews and his legal team and the persistence of the plaintiffs and countless others in the chiropractic profession concluded in Judge Getzendanner's decision, which prevented the AMA from rebuilding barriers or developing another boycott. The chiropractic profession was ready to move into its next century.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 2: Rise of the American Medical Association." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-23.

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Objective This paper is the second in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated anti-trust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of how the AMA rose to dominate health care in the United States, and within this social context, how the chiropractic profession fought to survive in the first half of the 20th century. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive timeline. This paper is the second of the series that explores the growth of medicine and the chiropractic profession. Results The AMA's code of ethics established in 1847 continued to direct organized medicine's actions to exclude other health professions. During the early 1900s, the AMA established itself as “regular medicine.” They labeled other types of medicine and health care professions, such as chiropractic, as “irregulars” claiming that they were cultists and quacks. In addition to the rise in power of the AMA, a report written by Abraham Flexner helped to solidify the AMA's control over health care. Chiropractic as a profession was emerging and developing in practice, education, and science. The few resources available to chiropractors were used to defend their profession against attacks from organized medicine and to secure legislation to legalize the practice of chiropractic. After years of struggle, the last state in the US legalized chiropractic 79 years after the birth of the profession. Conclusion In the first part of the 20th century, the AMA was amassing power as chiropractic was just emerging as a profession. Events such as publication of Flexner's report and development of the medical basic science laws helped to entrench the AMA's monopoly on health care. The health care environment shaped how chiropractic grew as a profession. Chiropractic practice, education, and science were challenged by trying to develop outside of the medical establishment. These events added to the tensions between the professions that ultimately resulted in the Wilk v AMA lawsuit.
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Grace, Sandra, Roger Engel, and Ian Jalsion. "Themes Underlying Australian General Practitioner Views towards Chiropractic and Osteopathy: An Assessment of Free Text Data from a Cross-Sectional Survey." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2786106.

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The Australian chiropractic and osteopathic professions underwent a period of significant transformation between 1960 and 2000. This resulted in an improvement in the views held by the medical profession towards the two professions. However, a recent survey of Australian general practitioners (GPs) reported that a number of GPs still hold negative views towards chiropractors and osteopaths. This paper examines these views from the perspective of critical realism and explores the generative mechanisms that can influence the willingness of health practitioners to collaborate over patient care. A qualitative analysis of open-ended responses to a survey of 630 Australian GPs was conducted. Unfavourable attitudes of GPs towards chiropractors and osteopaths included perceived lack of safety, efficacy, and inadequacy of training, despite chiropractic’s and osteopathy’s reliance on the same evidence base and similar training to those of other manual therapy professions such as physiotherapy. These attitudes may be underpinned by the professional biases against chiropractic and osteopathy that continue to marginalise the professions within the Australian healthcare system. Continued investment in the research base for chiropractic and osteopathic practice is required, along with raising the awareness of GPs about the education and skills of chiropractors and osteopaths.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 6: Preparing for the lawsuit." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-27.

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Objective This is the sixth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the plaintiffs, lead lawyer, and the events immediately before the lawsuit was filed. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 articles following a successive timeline. This article, the sixth of the series, explores the plaintiffs' stories. Results Because of the AMA's boycott on chiropractic, chiropractors were not able to collaborate with medical physicians or refer patients to medical facilities, which resulted in restricted trade and potential harm to patients' well-being. The plaintiffs, Patricia Arthur, James Bryden, Michael Pedigo, and Chester Wilk, came from different regions of the United States. Each had unique experiences and were compelled to seek justice. The lead lawyer, Mr George McAndrews, was the son of a chiropractor and had witnessed the effect that the AMA's attacks on chiropractic had on his father. It took several years to gather enough resources to file the suit, which was submitted in 1976. Conclusion The conflicts that the plaintiffs experienced stimulated them to pursue a lawsuit against the AMA and other organized political medicine groups.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 3: Chiropractic growth." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-24.

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Objective This is the third paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the growth of chiropractic, its public relations campaigns, and infighting that contributed to the events surrounding the Wilk v AMA lawsuit. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive timeline. This paper is the third of the series that explores the growth the chiropractic profession. Results By the 1930s, the AMA was already under investigation for violation of antitrust laws and the National Chiropractic Association was suggesting that the AMA was establishing a health care monopoly. Chiropractic schools grew and the number of graduates rose quickly. Public relations campaigns and publications in the popular press attempted to educate the public about chiropractic. Factions within the profession polarized around differing views of how they thought that chiropractic should be practiced and portrayed to the public. The AMA leaders noted the infighting and used it to their advantage to subvert chiropractic. Conclusion Chiropractic grew rapidly and established its presence with the American public through public relations campaigns and popular press. However, infighting would give the AMA material to further its efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 5: Evidence exposed." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-26.

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Objective This is the fifth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of events surrounding the eventual end of the AMA's Committee on Quackery and the exposure of evidence of the AMA's efforts to boycott the chiropractic profession. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 articles following a successive timeline. This article, the fifth of the series, explores the exposure of what the AMA had been doing, which provided evidence that was eventually used in the Wilk v AMA antitrust lawsuit. Results The prime mission of the AMA's Committee on Quackery was “first, the containment of chiropractic and, ultimately, the elimination of chiropractic.” However, the committee did not complete its mission and quietly disbanded in 1974. This was the same year that the chiropractic profession finally gained licensure in all 50 of the United States; received recognition from the US Commissioner of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare; and was successfully included in Medicare. In 1975, documents reportedly obtained by the Church of Scientology covert operatives under Operation AMA Doom revealed the extent to which the AMA and its Committee on Quackery had been working to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. The AMA actions included influencing mainstream media, decisions made by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Other actions included publishing propaganda against chiropractic and implementing an anti-chiropractic program aimed at medical students, medical societies, and the American public. Conclusion After more than a decade of overt and covert actions, the AMA chose to end its Committee on Quackery. The following year, documents exposed the extent of AMA's efforts to enact its boycott of chiropractic.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 1: Origins of the conflict." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-22.

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Objective This paper is the first in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the AMA and the origins of chiropractic and to explore how the AMA began its monopoly of health care in the United States, possible reasons that organized medicine acted against chiropractic, and how these events influenced the chiropractic profession. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. We used primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers that follow a successive time line. This paper is the first of the series and explores the origins of the aversion of organized American medicine to other health professions and the origins of the chiropractic profession. Results The AMA began in the mid-1800s to unify like-minded “regular” medical physicians who developed a code of ethics and promoted higher educational standards. Their efforts to unify had excluded other types of health care providers, which they called “irregular” practitioners. However, Americans were seeking more natural alternatives to the harsh methods that regular medical physicians offered at that time. Nearly 50 years after the AMA began, the chiropractic profession attempted to emerge during a time when many patients valued vitalism and their freedom to choose what health care provider they would access. Conclusion During the years that chiropractic developed as a healing profession, organized medicine was already well established and developing a monopoly in American health care. These events created the foundation on which the tensions between these professions were built and ultimately resulted in the Wilk v AMA lawsuit.
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DiGregorio, Carl John. "QUESTIONING CHIROPRACTICS." Journal of the American Dental Association 145, no. 2 (February 2014): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8177(14)60211-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiropractics"

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Durant, Claire L. "Chiropractic treatment of patients under 18 years of age, frequency, patterns, and chiropractors' beliefs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/MQ31345.pdf.

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Villanueva-Russell, Yvonne. "On the margins of the system of professions : entrepreneurialism and professionalism as forces upon and within chiropractic /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060152.

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Mortenson, Michelle D. "Identifying predictors of chiropractic outcomes." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002mortensonm.pdf.

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Eni, Godwin Onuoha. "Chiropractic medical system : the making of a clientelle." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27298.

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Most sociological explanations for the success of chiropractic in attracting and maintaining its clientele have failed to consider the clinical context and the nature of the interaction between chiropractors and clients. Rather, most studies have focussed on leadership qualities, the professionalization process, and the ancillary role of chiropractic in health care to account for its success with clients. This study argues that chiropractic in British Columbia is successful in making its clientele because: (1) it is able to persuade new clients toward chiropractic health care by using strategies that are designed to minimize the political, social and economic constraints upon it; (2) chiropractors are able to negotiate successfully, the differences in the health and illness beliefs [HMs] that are held by new clients and chiropractors as well as differences in explanations [EMs] for "present" health problems; and (c) chiropractors are able to provide potential patients with "positive" experiences in chiropractic clinics, which are different, in some respects, from experiences they have had elsewhere, for example, in their relationships with allopathic medicine. This study, therefore, describes how new clients are socialized in chiropractic clinical relationships and subsequently become chiropractic patients. 20 randomly selected chiropractors and a total of 60 new clients were interviewed for their impressions of chiropractic as well as their health beliefs and explanations for "present" health problems prior to encountering each other in the clinical setting. Their interactions were observed in the twenty clinical settings, with special focus on the negotiation of explanatory models. The patients were interviewed again, regarding their experiences and impressions, following their fourth visit to the clinic after their initial encounter. 20 "regular" or long-term chiropractic patients, one from each clinic, were also interviewed regarding their experiences. Data were analyzed by comparing pre- and post-interview results and by describing the nature of clinical interactions, relationships, and negotiation of explanatory models in the context of Kleinman's ethno-medical perspective and Goffman's social ethnographic perspective on interactions in everyday life. It was found that chiropractors (1) provide potential patients with "adequate" information and the opportunity to ask questions; (2) express non-judgemental views on the health problems of clients, which provides new clients with the opportunity to fully explain their health concerns; (3) utilize persuasive interaction structures and processes to minimize both the constraints upon chiropractic and the effects of deviancy and marginality labels, and to manage the impressions of potential patients; and (4) negotiate with potential patients over explanations for the causes of their health problems, which enables the delivery of chiropractic treatment by integrating, "shifting" and modifying clients' explanatory models and, to some extent, their own. These techniques for 'making' the chiropractic clientele appear to be successful. In this study, 53 of the 60 new clients were retained beyond the fifth visit. More generally, chiropractic is now the second largest primary health care provider group in B.C., next to allopathy, and is attracting an increasing number of patients.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Distler, Michael. "Chiropractic use, patient income, and frequency of visits." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1446.

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Folk, Holly. "Vertebral vitalism American metaphysics and the birth of chiropractic /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223040.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Religious Studies, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 26, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2291. Adviser: Stephen J. Stein.
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Field, Jonathan Roger. "Collecting and predicting patient reported outcomes in chiropractic practice." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/collecting-and-predicting-patient-reported-outcomes-in-chiropractic-practice(29fdc29d-f462-4dd7-a3ac-a65876736cdb).html.

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The eight refereed publications and four abstracts of presentations which form the basis of this PhD each deal with patient health outcomes. The publications are drawn predominantly from practice based research in chiropractic services. In a systematic review of the impact of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) on the process and outcomes of care for a single patient, Paper 1 describes this occurring across four domains; patient assessment and initial clinical decision making, tracking progress and evaluating current treatment efficacy, influencing the patient / clinician relationship and there is weak evidence to suggest they directly influence patient outcomes. Paper two is a descriptive review of the utility of PROMs to include their ability to improve communication and shared decision making in the patient / clinician relationship. Care Response is a novel, free to use multilingual electronic PROM system developed by the author. It has had significant impact in the chiropractic profession in Europe and Canada and has contributed data to 11 peer reviewed papers and four post graduate degrees (Abstract 1) Electronic PROM systems suffer from lower response rates than paper based systems. Abstract 2 reports a study looking at the impact of this missing information on the generalisability of the overall data collected. Non respondents to an emailed assessment 30 days after starting care were less likely to have had >30 days pain in the last year but were not otherwise significantly different from those returning electronic assessments. In a telephone survey comparing respondents and non respondents, patients global impression of change (PGIC) scores were identical and there was no statistical difference in pain scores. Paper 3 sought to ascertain if patient less likely to do well with chiropractic care could be identified from data routinely collected at baseline in chiropractic practice. Longer duration of symptoms at presentation, females with higher social disability scores and males with more adverse scores for depression were found less likely to describe themselves as much improved a month after starting care. In investigating for a relationship between outcome and components of the fear-avoidance model for chronicity in lower back pain, paper 4 found only a week relationship with catastrophisation at baseline however patient’s scores of catastrophisation, fear avoidance beliefs and low self efficacy just before their second visit were significantly associated with a poorer outcome. Paper 5 looking into a relationship between the risk category patients were placed into by the STarT Back Tool reported that whilst HIGH risk patients has more adverse scores for pain at presentation this rapidly faded and at 30 and 90 days there was no significant difference between the risk groups and patients reports of their recovery (PGIC) . Comparing the health outcomes of 8222 patients accessing chiropractic services either via the NHS or privately Paper 6 described those accessing a NHS route to have had symptoms for longer and more adverse scores across a range of health domains at presentation and to be less well 30 & 90 days later. However both NHS and private patient groups improved well and differences between the two disappeared when controlling for differences at baseline. Paper 7 sought to explore the ability of chiropractic clinicians working from 5 linked practices to identify those patients less likely to do well with care at the time of their initial assessment. It concluded that they generally failed to reliably predict outcomes with most practitioners doing no better than chance. The STarT Back Tool is increasingly being recommended to guide decisions as to care pathway for patients with spinal pain. Paper 8 looked to see if the timing of when this assessment was made had any impact on its ability to detect groups of patients responding differently when undergoing a course of chiropractic care. In the assessed population (n=749) attending 1 of 11 clinics in the UK there was a significant difference with ranking at the time of presentation being unrelated to outcome. When repeated a few days post initial visit over one third of patients had changed risk group with this subsequent group being found to be an independent predictor of improvement in multivariate analysis.
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Wilson, Francis James. "The origins and professional development of chiropractic in Britain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341659/.

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In June 2001 the title ‘chiropractor’ came to be protected under British law and those who called themselves chiropractors attained a position of increased legitimacy within British society. Yet the details of chiropractic’s journey to statutory recognition have not been thoroughly explored in contemporary literature. The origins and development of chiropractic in Britain have received meagre attention from historical scholars. This thesis uses a neo-Weberian approach to explore the history of chiropractic in Britain through the lens of ‘professionalisation’. It investigates the emergence of chiropractic in Britain, and details how and why chiropractic developed in the way that it did, assessing the significance of processes and events in respect to chiropractic’s professionalisation, and examining intra- and inter-occupational tensions. The thesis is primarily a product of documentary research, but is also informed by interviews undertaken to provide oral testimonies. Although the origins of chiropractic are usually traced back to the 1890s, to Davenport, Iowa, and to the practice of Daniel David Palmer, it is argued in this thesis that it is misleading to claim that chiropractic was ‘discovered’ by Daniel Palmer, or that chiropractic in Britain was entirely an ‘import’ from the United States. Instead, chiropractic’s origins were complex and multifarious and form part of a broader history of manipulative practices. With regard to the development of chiropractic in Britain, chiropractic’s history is intertwined with that of osteopathy, and has involved medicalisation. This study demonstrates that through the course of its evolution chiropractic was subject to processes that can usefully be described in terms of professionalisation, sharing features in common with the professionalisation of other occupational groups described in historical and sociological literature. Even so, chiropractors did not attain the social presence or cultural authority of archetypal professionals such as medical doctors or lawyers. Although protection of title was achieved, many problems have remained, including divisions within the occupation.
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Heale, Graham Stanley. "CPD and practice change : the chiropractors' perspective." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500340.

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Continuing professional development (CPD) is now viewed as an integral part of professional practice and yet there is little evidence that traditional approaches to post-graduate learning result in changes to the way clinicians practise. Chiropractic is an independent primary contact profession with priorities and learning needs that are quite different from those practitioners working within the NHS. Evaluating the current level of continuing professional development by assessing the changes to practice introduced by chiropractors will assist in informing the future development of the profession.
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Foster, Phelesia Nakita. "Perceptions of Chiropractors in Mississippi Regarding Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4786.

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Obesity continues to be a growing problem across the United States. Chiropractors have made claims of providing health promotion services within their treatment protocol; however, there is a lack of empirical research regarding a need for the chiropractic profession to train chiropractors to address Healthy People 2020 public health initiatives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions of Mississippi Delta Region chiropractors regarding their role in obesity management as nonmedical practitioners that implement public health objectives in their practice. The research questions aimed at addressing possible barriers and limitations that influenced chiropractors' perceptions regarding their role in obesity prevention. The health promotion model which recognizes the vital role of the practitioner to the patient relationship in health outcomes, guided this study. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 11 eligible board-certified chiropractors in the Mississippi Delta. The participants encountered a 1-time session with open-ended interview questions influenced by the hermeneutic tradition. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that chiropractors could treat obese patients and provide some services that are mostly provided and billed by other health care practitioners. Chiropractors, however, encounter legislative and insurance challenges. Outreach programs and collaboration with other health care practitioners would improve chiropractors' role in obesity management. The study can contribute to social change by increasing understanding of the chiropractic profession and how they may offer health promotion services to improve patient management of obesity and obesity-related illnesses.
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Books on the topic "Chiropractics"

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W, Brown Charles, and Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc. (1982- ), eds. Medicine for lawyers--from head to toe--orthopedics and chiropractics. Boston, Mass: Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc., 1989.

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Boisvert, Laurent. Chiropractors' manual: Chiropractic procedures and services. Montreal, Quebec: Quebec Chiropractors' Assn., 1993.

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Terry, Cox-Joseph, ed. Adjustments: The making of a chiropractor. Norfolk, VA: Hampton Roads Pub. Co., 1993.

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Mancini, Fabrizio. The well-adjusted soul: Feel-good stories from the heart of chiropractic volume 1. Dallas, TX: Parker College of Chiropractic, Parker Seminars, 2010.

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Counselman, Troy E. Success! for the new chiropractor. Topeka, Kan: LivLife Pub., 1997.

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Orthopedists, American Board of Chiropractic. Official registry 2001. [S.l: American Board of Chiropractic Orthopedists, 2001.

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1944-, Canfield Jack, Hansen Mark Victor, and Mancini Fabrizio, eds. Chicken soup for the chiropractic soul: Stories of inspiration, healing, laughter, and a lifetime of wellness. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 2003.

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Britain, Great. Chiropractors: The General Chiropractic Council (Functions of Medical Assessors) Rules order 2000. London: Stationery Office, 2000.

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C, Cherkin Daniel, Mootz Robert D, and United States. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research., eds. Chiropractic in the United States: Training, practice, and research. [Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1998.

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Introduction to public health for chiropractors. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chiropractics"

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Ernst, Edzard. "Introduction." In Chiropractic, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_1.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Effectiveness of Spinal Manipulation for Spinal Problems." In Chiropractic, 93–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_10.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Effectiveness of Spinal Manipulation in Other Problems." In Chiropractic, 105–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_11.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Chiropractic for Children." In Chiropractic, 119–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_12.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Disease Prevention." In Chiropractic, 131–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_13.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Direct Risks of Spinal Manipulation." In Chiropractic, 137–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_14.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Indirect Risks." In Chiropractic, 159–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_15.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Professionalism and Education." In Chiropractic, 169–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_16.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Ethical Issues." In Chiropractic, 183–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_17.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Postscript." In Chiropractic, 193. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chiropractics"

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Awwad, Andy, William L. Hennrikus, and Douglas Armstrong. "Pediatric Orthopaedic Consults from Chiropractic Care." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.636.

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Ramos, Gabriel Bortoli, Rebecca Ranzani Martins, Júlia Carvalhinho Carlos de Souza, Cesar Castello Branco Lopes, and Guilherme Diogo Silva. "Spinal cord lesion and ischemic stroke after chiropractic: a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.337.

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Context: Chiropractic is a form of spinal manipulation used to treat cervical pain. This therapy is considered safer than chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids or spine surgery. However, chiropractic may cause severe complications such as myelopathy and ischemic stroke. Case report: A 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to acute tetraparesis. During a chiropractic session for chronic neck pain, patient referred lancinating cervical pain, weakness in the upper and lower limbs, and numbness below the level of the neck. Neurologic examination showed grade two tetraparesis with preserved arm abduction. Pain and vibratory sensation were reduced in trunk, upper and lower limbs. We considered a C5 level spinal cord injury. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a transdiscal fracture of C5-C6 vertebrae. The fracture led to an epidural hematoma and spinal cord compression. Cervical spine displayed ligamenta flava thickening, which may be associated with an undiagnosed ankylosing spondylitis. We also found bilateral vertebral occlusion of V1 and V2 segments. Cerebellar restricted diffusion suggested posterior circulation stroke. We believe that rigidity associated with ankylosing spondylitis favored spinal fracture during chiropractic. Patient was treated with 24mg/day of dexamethasone and 100mg/day of aspirin. Spinal cord decompression surgery was indicated. Unfortunately, in the last followup there was no improvement in patient motor status. Conclusions: Transdiscal C5-C6 fracture led to compressive myelopathy and cerebellar stroke. Safety of chiropractic should be better investigated in specific populations such as ankylosing spondylitis patients.
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., and Robert M. Rowell. "Three-Dimensional Quantification of Multi-Point Contact Loads During Lumbar Spinal Manipulation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59183.

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The objective of this study was to measure the complete three-dimensional loads at each of the support contacts namely both hand contacts, and the support loads at the rib cage and the pelvis during chiropractic treatments for low back pain. Two small force transducers were used to measure hand contact loads, and a specially instrumented force plate table was used for measuring support loads. A doctor of chiropractic delivered fourteen spinal manipulations to the lumbar spines of five subjects during a period of three weeks. The results showed that there are three dimensional loads at each of the four contact points. The loads at the thrusting hands reached as high as 382N. For the stabilizing hands the maximum loads were 160N. The support loads reached as high as 727N at the pelvic support and 660N at the rib cage support. This study reports for the first time data on the loads at each of the hand contact points and the support locations during chiropractic spinal manipulation.
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Gudavalli, Maruti Ram, Vikas Yadav, Robert Vining, Michael Seidman, Stacie Salsbury, Paige Morgenthal, Avinash Patwardhan, and Christine Goertz. "Development of Force-Feedback Technology for Training Clinicians to Deliver Manual Cervical Distraction." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64509.

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Objective: Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal (MSK) complaint and costly societal burden. Doctors of chiropractic (DCs) provide manual therapies for neck pain patients to relieve discomfort and improve physical function. Manual cervical distraction (MCD) is a chiropractic procedure for neck pain. During MCD, the patient lies face down on a specially designed chiropractic table. The DC gently moves the head and neck in a cephalic direction while holding a gentle broad manual contact over the posterior neck, to create traction effects. MCD traction force profiles vary between clinicians making standardization of treatment delivery challenging. This paper reports on a bioengineering technology developed to provide clinicians with auditory and graphical feedback on the magnitude of cervical traction forces applied during MCD to simulated patients during training for a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: The Cox flexion-distraction chiropractic table is designed with a moveable headpiece. The table allows for long axis horizontal movement of the head and neck, while the patient’s trunk and legs rest on fixed table sections. We instrument-modified this table with three-dimensional force transducers to measure the traction forces applied by the doctor. Motion Monitor software collects data from force transducers. The software displays the magnitude of traction forces graphically as a function of time. Real-time audible feedback produces a steady tone when measured traction forces are <20N, no tone when forces range between 20–50N, and an audible tone when forces exceed 50N. Peer debriefing from simulated patients reinforces traction force data from the bioengineering technology. Results: We used audible and graphical feedback to train and certify DCs to apply traction forces to the cervical spine of simulated patients within three specific ranges. This technology supports a RCT designed to assess the ability of clinicians to deliver MCD within specified force ranges to patients randomized to different force dosages as an intervention. Future applications may include training chiropractic students and clinicians to deliver the MCD treatment.
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., James M. Cox, James A. Baker, Gregory D. Cramer, and Avinash G. Patwardhan. "Intervertebral Disc Pressure Changes During a Chiropractic Procedure." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0305.

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Abstract Some of the treatments for low back pain use traction as the loading mechanism to the spine. One such treatment protocol used by chiropractic physicians in the treatment of low back pain is the Cox flexion-distraction procedure (1). The Cox procedure consists of placing the patient in a prone position on a flexion-distraction table and then creating traction and flexion motions at the joint of interest. The treatment is based on the hypothesis that the intradiscal pressure decreases during the procedure and may provide an opportunity for the disc bulge to reduce. However, no data exist to support this hypothesis. The purpose of the present study was to measure the changes in the intradiscal pressures in the lumbar spine on unembalmed cadavers during the flexion-distraction procedure.
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Rozin, AP. "AB0148 Chiropractic management of shoulder capsulitis and knee osteoarthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.410.

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Kreuzpointner, R., and M. Ludwig. "Multivessel dissection as a consequence of chiropractic cervical manipulation." In 62. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – DGGG'18. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671547.

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Shah, Iti, Carolyn Butler, and Muhammad Salman. "Cost-Effective Method Using Force Sensors for Chiropractic Teaching." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113973.

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Abstract The popularity of chiropractic medicine has increased in recent times, but the tools required for this field can be expensive, bulky, and impractical. To assist students in this field, various equipment such as pressure-sensing tables and actuators are utilized. However, some of these tools can be ineffective despite indicating the amount and location of pressure applied. To address this issue, a new glove design has been proposed in this paper, which utilizes Force Sensitive Resistor Sensors (FRSs), Raspberry Pi Pico W (Pico), Thonny (IDE) software, and an Analog to Digital converter (ADC) to achieve cost-effectiveness without compromising on efficiency. This research has significant benefits for the teaching of chiropractic mechanisms, improving accuracy and reducing costs. The device can also be used by different species in specific fields, potentially preventing workplace injuries, and enhancing teaching quality in this rapidly growing field.
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Gudavalli, Maruti Ram. "Dynamics of Double Hand Thoracic Spinal Manipulations by Different Chiropractors." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40597.

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This study presents the dynamic load characteristics of chiropractors delivering posterior to anterior double thenar thoracic spinal manipulations to a mannequin. A total of 36 thrusts were delivered by the three chiropractors to a mannequin that has similar shape and texture of a human. Two three-dimensional force transducers were used between the doctor’s hand and the mannequin. Parameters of the duration, rate of loading, preload and peak loads were extracted from the data for the three chiropractors. Average peak loads in the normal direction reached 247 N and 217N in the right and left hands. The shear forces reached 36 and 18N in the right and left hand. The rates of loading have reached 804N/s and 761N/s in the right and left hands. Average durations of thrust were 242msecs. The three doctors had distinct characteristics in pre loads, durations of loading and rates of loading.
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., and Robert M. Rowell. "Three Dimensional Doctor-Patient Contact Forces During Chiropractic Spinal Treatments." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43172.

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This paper reports on the three-dimensional loads measured during chiropractic treatments delivered during low back spinal procedures. A three dimensional force transducer was placed between the doctors hand and the patient while delivering the treatment. Two doctors have delivered treatments to a total of five subjects on two consecutive days. A laptop computer was used to collect data using labview software and Keithly instruments PCMCIA card. The data was analyzed using Mathcad software to determine the magnitudes of the forces delivered. The results show three-dimensional loads are applied by the doctor at the doctor’s hand-patient interface. The compressive forces reached as high as 450 Newtons, and the shear forces have reached as high as 150 Newtons. The moments have reached as high as 4Nm. This information is valuable in further understanding the effects of these loads on the spine.
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Reports on the topic "Chiropractics"

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Carmichael, Joel, Kent Stuber, Katherine Pohlman, Amy Ferguson, and Michele Maiers. Chiropractic clinical registries: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.6.0064.

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Hartlieb, Kathryn Brogan, Kent Stuber, Chris Malaya, and Amy Ferguson. Motivational Interviewing in Chiropractic: a Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.1.0048.

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Xu, Xinwei, Jianzhen Jiang, Zihao Xia, Bo Zhao, Haochen Tong, Kuiyu Ren, Dengpeng Wen, and Dezhong Peng. Comparison of efficacy and safety between chiropractic and single western medicine treatment for functional constipation(FC): a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0029.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2000-0363-2834, Pappas Chiropractic Center, Piscataway, New Jersey. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta200003632834.

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