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Academic literature on the topic 'CHIRP INPUT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CHIRP INPUT"

1

Liu, Weici. "Effect of initial chirp for input pulse on supercontinuum generation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012019.

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Abstract The generation of supercontinuum spectrum is a very complex nonlinear process. Based on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), the effect of initial chirp on supercontinuum generation is numerically studied by split-step Fourier (SSF) method. The positive chirp and negative chirp have different effects on the supercontinuum generation. The results show that the energy distribution of supercontinuum spectrum can be improved by selecting appropriate chirp value.
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2

Mulsow, Jason, James J. Finneran, Madelyn G. Strahan, Dorian S. Houser, and Robert F. Burkard. "Input compensation of dolphin and sea lion auditory brainstem responses using frequency-modulated up-chirps." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 2 (2023): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0020566.

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Frequency-modulated “chirp” stimuli that offset cochlear dispersion (i.e., input compensation) have shown promise for increasing auditory brainstem response (ABR) amplitudes relative to traditional sound stimuli. To enhance ABR methods with marine mammal species known or suspected to have low ABR signal-to-noise ratios, the present study examined the effects of broadband chirp sweep rate and level on ABR amplitude in bottlenose dolphins and California sea lions. “Optimal” chirps were designed based on previous estimates of cochlear traveling wave speeds (using high-pass subtractive masking methods) in these species. Optimal chirps increased ABR peak amplitudes by compensating for cochlear dispersion; however, chirps with similar (or higher) frequency-modulation rates produced comparable results. The optimal chirps generally increased ABR amplitudes relative to noisebursts as threshold was approached, although this was more obvious when sound pressure level was used to equate stimulus levels (as opposed to total energy). Chirps provided progressively less ABR amplitude gain (relative to noisebursts) as stimulus level increased and produced smaller ABRs at the highest levels tested in dolphins. Although it was previously hypothesized that chirps would provide larger gains in sea lions than dolphins—due to the lower traveling wave speed in the former—no such pattern was observed.
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3

Solyman, Ahmad AA, Hani Attar, Mohammad R. Khosravi, and Baki Koyuncu. "MIMO-OFDM/OCDM low-complexity equalization under a doubly dispersive channel in wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 6 (2020): 155014772091295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720912950.

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In this article, three novel systems for wireless sensor networks based on Alamouti decoding were investigated and then compared, which are Alamouti space–time block coding multiple-input single-output/multiple-input multiple-output multicarrier modulation (MCM) system, extended orthogonal space–time block coding multiple-input single-output MCM system, and multiple-input multiple-output system. Moreover, the proposed work is applied over multiple-input multiple-output systems rather than the conventional single-antenna orthogonal chirp division multiplexing systems, based on the discrete fractional cosine transform orthogonal chirp division multiplexing system to mitigate the effect of frequency-selective and time-varying channels, using low-complexity equalizers, specifically by ignoring the intercarrier interference coming from faraway subcarriers and using the LSMR iteration algorithm to decrease the equalization complexity, mainly with long orthogonal chirp division multiplexing symbols, such as the TV symbols. The block diagrams for the proposed systems are provided to simplify the theoretical analysis by making it easier to follow. Simulation results confirm that the proposed multiple-input multiple-output and multiple-input single-output orthogonal chirp division multiplexing systems outperform the conventional multiple-input multiple-output and multiple-input single-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. Finally, the results show that orthogonal chirp division multiplexing exhibited a better channel energy behavior than classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, thus improving the system performance and allowing the system to decrease the equalization complexity.
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4

van Brederode, J. F. M., and A. J. Berger. "GAD67-GFP+ Neurons in the Nucleus of Roller. II. Subthreshold and Firing Resonance Properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 1 (2011): 249–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00492.2010.

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In the companion paper we show that GAD67-GFP+ (GFP+) inhibitory neurons located in the Nucleus of Roller of the mouse brain stem can be classified into two main groups (tonic and phasic) based on their firing patterns in responses to injected depolarizing current steps. In this study we examined the responses of GFP+ cells to fluctuating sinusoidal (“chirp”) current stimuli. Membrane impedance profiles in response to chirp stimulation showed that nearly all phasic cells exhibited subthreshold resonance, whereas the majority of tonic GFP+ cells were nonresonant. In general, subthreshold resonance was associated with a relatively fast passive membrane time constant and low input resistance. In response to suprathreshold chirp current stimulation at a holding potential just below spike threshold the majority of tonic GFP+ cells fired multiple action potentials per cycle at low input frequencies (<5 Hz) and either stopped firing or were not entrained by the chirp at higher input frequencies (= tonic low-pass cells). A smaller group of phasic GFP+ cells did not fire at low input frequency but were able to phase-lock 1:1 at intermediate chirp frequencies (= band-pass cells). Spike timing reliability was tested with repeated chirp stimuli and our results show that phasic cells were able to reliably fire when they phase-locked 1:1 over a relatively broad range of input frequencies. Most tonic low-pass cells showed low reliability and poor phase-locking ability. Computer modeling suggested that these different firing resonance properties among GFP+ cells are due to differences in passive and active membrane properties and spiking mechanisms. This heterogeneity of resonance properties might serve to selectively activate subgroups of interneurons.
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5

Tang, Qing, and Guanshen Zhang. "Chirp encoded joint transform correlators with input scale search." Optics Communications 107, no. 1-2 (1994): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(94)90097-3.

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6

Tan, See Ling, Yu-Fu Chen, Chieh-Yu Liu, Kuo-Chung Chu, and Pei-Chun Li. "Shortened neural conduction time in young adults with tinnitus as revealed by chirp-evoked auditory brainstem response." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 4 (2023): 2178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017789.

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Tinnitus is generally considered to be caused by neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system, triggered by a loss of input from the damaged peripheral system; however, conflicting results on auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to clicks have been reported previously in humans with tinnitus. This study aimed to compare the effect of tinnitus on ABRs to chirps with those to clicks in normal-hearing young adults with tinnitus. The results showed that the tinnitus group had no significantly poorer hearing thresholds (0.25–16 kHz), click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (1–16 kHz), and speech perception in noise (SPIN) than the control group. Although chirps evoked significantly larger wave I and V amplitudes than clicks, people with tinnitus had no significantly smaller wave I amplitudes for either stimulus. Nevertheless, adults with tinnitus exhibited significantly smaller interpeak interval (IPI) between waves I and V for chirps (IPI–chirp) but not for clicks. In addition, the IPI–chirp correlated significantly with the SPIN for individuals with tinnitus when the signal-to-noise ratio was low. The present results suggest that the chirp-evoked ABR may be a valuable clinical tool for objectively assessing the SPIN in individuals with tinnitus. Further studies should be conducted to investigate possible etiologies of tinnitus.
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7

Munaweera, P. C. T., and K. A. I. L. Wijewardena Gamalath. "Simulation of Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 64 (February 2016): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.64.159.

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A theoretical model was developed for light pulses propagating in optical fibers by considering the nonlinear effects, the self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion effects. The split step Fourier method was used to generate soliton pulses in a fiber composed of a glass core surrounded by a cladding layer. Gaussian and hyperbolic secant input pulses were used for the simulation. By varying the initial chirp, input power and nonlinear coefficient for an input Gaussian pulse at wavelength of λ =1.55μm with initial pulse width 125ps for second order dispersion β2=−20 ps2km-1, nonlinear parameter γ=3W-1kg-1and initial chirp C=−0.25 two near soliton pulses were generated for input powers P = 0.54mW and P = 0.64mW and a perfect soliton for the hyperbolic secant input pulse.
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8

Munaweera, P. C. T., and K. A. I. L. Wijewardena Gamalath. "Simulation of Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 64 (February 15, 2016): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-qb35f6.

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A theoretical model was developed for light pulses propagating in optical fibers by considering the nonlinear effects, the self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion effects. The split step Fourier method was used to generate soliton pulses in a fiber composed of a glass core surrounded by a cladding layer. Gaussian and hyperbolic secant input pulses were used for the simulation. By varying the initial chirp, input power and nonlinear coefficient for an input Gaussian pulse at wavelength of λ =1.55μm with initial pulse width 125ps for second order dispersion β2=−20 ps2 km-1 , nonlinear parameter γ=3W-1kg-1 and initial chirp C=−0.25 two near soliton pulses were generated for input powers P = 0.54mW and P = 0.64mW and a perfect soliton for the hyperbolic secant input pulse.
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9

Zupanc, Günther K. H., and Leonard Maler. "Evoked chirping in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus: a quantitative biophysical analysis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 11 (1993): 2301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-323.

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Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a gymnotiform fish, produces highly regular electric organ discharges of 600–1000 Hz. Short-term modulations of the electric organ discharge ("chirps") were elicited by imitating the discharges of neighboring fish. Chirps displayed an increase in frequency of approximately 100 Hz, a duration of about 15 ms, and an absolute amplitude of 0.5–2 mV. Since, similar to natural conditions, chirps summated with the beat caused by interference of the fish's own electric organ discharge and the imitating discharge, the size and shape of the chirp's amplitude envelope varied greatly according to its phase relative to the beat cycle; however, the frequency of the chirp amplitude modulation was always 50–100 Hz. All 21 males examined chirped, but their rate of chirping varied considerably (range 2–59 chirps/30 s; mean 22 chirps/30 s). In contrast, only one out of nine females chirped (mean 0.25 chirps/30 s). The latency between stimulus onset and first chirp was variable and often long (range 1.0–25.0 s; median 3.3 s). We propose that chirps are not a sensory reflex but a communicatory behavior regulated by hypothalamic peptidergic input.
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10

Don, Manuel, Claus Elberling, and Erin Maloff. "Input and Output Compensation for the Cochlear Traveling Wave Delay in Wide-Band ABR Recordings: Implications for Small Acoustic Tumor Detection." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 20, no. 02 (2009): 099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.2.3.

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Background: The Stacked ABR (auditory brainstem response) attempts at the output of the auditory periphery to compensate for the temporal dispersion of neural activation caused by the cochlear traveling wave in response to click stimulation. Compensation can also be made at the input by using a chirp stimulus. It has been demonstrated that the Stacked ABR is sensitive to small tumors that are often missed by standard ABR latency measures. Purpose: Because a chirp stimulus requires only a single data acquisition run whereas the Stacked ABR requires six, we try to evaluate some indirect evidence justifying the use of a chirp for small tumor detection. Research Design: We compared the sensitivity and specificity of different Stacked ABRs formed by aligning the derived-band ABRs according to (1) the individual's peak latencies, (2) the group mean latencies, and (3) the modeled latencies used to develop a chirp. Results: For tumor detection with a chosen sensitivity of 95%, a relatively high specificity of 85% may be achieved with a chirp. Conclusion: It appears worthwhile to explore the actual use of a chirp because significantly shorter test and analysis times might be possible.
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