Journal articles: 'Chirp Signa'

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Mary, Deepthi Joseph, and Sheela Gnana. "PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF CHIRP SIGNAL USING STFT." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology 10, no. 1 (2017): 122–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958646.

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<em>This paper suggested a technique called short time Fourier transform (STFT) for the parameter estimation of chirp signal in intercept SONAR. STFT is one of the time-frequency method and it is a valuable tool for estimating the parameters like start frequency, end frequency, band width, pulse width and chirp rate of chirp signal. Thus for doing parameter estimation, consider two scenarios: pure chirp signal and chirp signal embedded in noise. Generally the parameter estimation in intercept sonar requires a minimal frequency resolution of 250Hz, but achieved a frequency resolution of 50Hz by using STFT technique which is much higher than the required frequency resolution. Also the maximum tolerable error limit in pulse width estimation is </em>±<em> 40ms. The simulation results show that in both scenarios, we achieved a lesser error value in pulse width estimation .STFT technique is found to be an efficient tool for the parameter estimation of noisy chirp signal with SNR varies from 0dB to -10dB.</em>

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Lee. "Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Nonlinear Chirp Signal." Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of Korea 33, no. 4 (2014): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.7776/ask.2014.33.4.255.

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Poulet, J. F., and B. Hedwig. "Tympanic membrane oscillations and auditory receptor activity in the stridulating cricket Gryllus bimaculatus." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 7 (2001): 1281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.7.1281.

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The ears of stridulating crickets are exposed to loud self-generated sounds that might desensitise the auditory system and reduce its responsiveness to environmental sounds. We examined whether crickets prevent self-induced auditory desensitisation, and measured the responsiveness of the peripheral auditory system of the cricket (acoustic spiracle, tympanic membrane and tympanic nerve) during pharmacologically induced sonorous (two-winged) and silent (one-winged) stridulation. The acoustic spiracles remained open during stridulation, so the self-generated auditory signal had full access to both the external side and the internal side of the tympanic membrane. When the spiracles shut in resting crickets, the responsiveness of the tympanic membrane to acoustic stimuli varied according to the phase of ventilation and was minimal during expiration. The tympanic membrane oscillated in phase with the self-generated sounds during sonorous chirps and did not oscillate during silent chirps. In both sonorously and silently singing crickets, the responses of the tympanic membrane to acoustic stimuli were identical during the chirps and the chirp intervals. Bursts of activity were recorded in the tympanic nerve during sonorous chirps; however, activity was minor during silent chirps. In sonorously and in silently singing crickets, the summed nerve response to acoustic stimuli in the chirp intervals was the same as in resting crickets. The response to stimuli presented during the syllable intervals of sonorous chirps was slightly reduced compared with the response in the chirp intervals as a consequence of receptor habituation. In silently singing crickets, acoustic stimuli elicited the same summed nerve response during chirps and chirp intervals. These data indicate that in the cricket no specific mechanism acts to reduce the responsiveness of the peripheral auditory pathway during stridulation.

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Burrows, A. P., J. R. Wright, and J. A. Coote. "Optimal Excitation for Aircraft Flutter Testing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 209, no. 4 (1995): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_306_02.

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The choice of excitation signal for flutter testing of a full-scale aircraft or wind tunnel model is crucial if the flutter test clearance is to be performed quickly and with confidence. The use of chirps (that is, sinusoidal signals with varying frequency) is commonplace but has limitations. In this paper the idea of a simple chirp is extended to the development of a multi-sectional variable amplitude/variable power chirp in which the relative signal amplitude and power between sections may be specified over the frequency range of interest. An optimal chirp for a particular application may thus be designed. Sample results from a wind tunnel model flutter test are presented. In addition, the practice of sweeping up and then down in frequency is shown to be inadvisable under certain circumstances.

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Walz, Henriette, Jan Grewe, and Jan Benda. "Static frequency tuning accounts for changes in neural synchrony evoked by transient communication signals." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 4 (2014): 752–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00576.2013.

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Although communication signals often vary continuously on the underlying signal parameter, they are perceived as distinct categories. We here report the opposite case where an electrocommunication signal is encoded in four distinct regimes, although the behavior described to date does not show distinct categories. In particular, we studied the encoding of chirps by P-unit afferents in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These fish generate an electric organ discharge that oscillates at a certain individual-specific frequency. The interaction of two fish in communication contexts leads to the emergence of a beating amplitude modulation (AM) at the frequency difference between the two individual signals. This frequency difference represents the social context of the encounter. Chirps are transient increases of the fish's frequency leading to transient changes in the frequency of the AM. We stimulated the cells with the same chirp on different, naturally occurring backgrounds beats. The P-units responded either by synchronization or desynchronization depending on the background. Although the duration of a chirp is often shorter than a full cycle of the AM it elicits, the distinct responses of the P-units to the chirp can be predicted solely from the frequency of the AM based on the static frequency tuning of the cells.

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Mulsow, Jason, James J. Finneran, Madelyn G. Strahan, Dorian S. Houser, and Robert F. Burkard. "Input compensation of dolphin and sea lion auditory brainstem responses using frequency-modulated up-chirps." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 2 (2023): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0020566.

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Frequency-modulated “chirp” stimuli that offset cochlear dispersion (i.e., input compensation) have shown promise for increasing auditory brainstem response (ABR) amplitudes relative to traditional sound stimuli. To enhance ABR methods with marine mammal species known or suspected to have low ABR signal-to-noise ratios, the present study examined the effects of broadband chirp sweep rate and level on ABR amplitude in bottlenose dolphins and California sea lions. “Optimal” chirps were designed based on previous estimates of cochlear traveling wave speeds (using high-pass subtractive masking methods) in these species. Optimal chirps increased ABR peak amplitudes by compensating for cochlear dispersion; however, chirps with similar (or higher) frequency-modulation rates produced comparable results. The optimal chirps generally increased ABR amplitudes relative to noisebursts as threshold was approached, although this was more obvious when sound pressure level was used to equate stimulus levels (as opposed to total energy). Chirps provided progressively less ABR amplitude gain (relative to noisebursts) as stimulus level increased and produced smaller ABRs at the highest levels tested in dolphins. Although it was previously hypothesized that chirps would provide larger gains in sea lions than dolphins—due to the lower traveling wave speed in the former—no such pattern was observed.

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Cheong, Kah-Meng, Yih-Liang Shen, and Tai-Shih Chi. "Active acoustic scene monitoring through spectro-temporal modulation filtering for intruder detection." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): 2444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010070.

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An indoor acoustic scene monitoring system using a periodic impulse signal was previously developed. Compared with the impulse signal, the chirp signal is more robust against environmental noise due to its specific spectro-temporal structure. Such specific structure makes the chirp sound easily detected using a spectro-temporal modulation filtering mechanism. In this paper, we demonstrated a system that employs a two-dimensional spectro-temporal filtering mechanism on a Fourier spectrogram to measure the total energy of the reverberations of the chirp signal as the representation of the acoustic scene. The system compares the reverberation energy difference between consecutive chirps with a predefined threshold to automatically detect the change in the acoustic scene. Simulations were conducted in real living rooms with various types of background noise. Test results demonstrated that the proposed system is much more effective than previously developed systems for detecting the acoustic scene changes due to the intruder silently walking in the rooms. In the biggest test room (18 × 9.8 × 2.5 m3) with heavy background noise, the proposed system can still yield a correct identification rate higher than 80% to the intruder walking at 7 m from the microphone without producing any false alarms.

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Kim, Bae-Hyung, Seungheun Lee, and Kang-Sik Kim. "Orthogonal Chirp Coded Excitation in a Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Ultrasound Imaging: A Feasibility Study." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040883.

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It has been reported that the frequency bandwidth of capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) is relatively broader than that of other ceramic-based conventional ultrasonic transducers. In this paper, a feasibility study for orthogonal chirp coded excitation to efficiently make use of the wide bandwidth characteristic of CMUT array is presented. The experimental result shows that the two orthogonal chirps mixed and simultaneously fired in CMUT array can be perfectly separated in decoding process of the received echo signal without sacrificing the frequency bandwidth each chirp. The experimental study also shows that frequency band-divided orthogonal chirps are successfully compressed to two short pulses having the −6 dB axial beam-width of 0.26- and 0.31-micro second for high frequency and low frequency chirp, respectively. B-mode image simulations are performed using Field II to estimate the improvement of image quality assuming that the orthogonal chirps designed for the experiments are used for simultaneous transmission multiple-zone focusing (STMF) technique. The simulation results show that the STMF technique used in CMUT array can improve the lateral resolution up to 77.1% and the contrast resolution up to 74.7%, respectively. It is shown that the penetration depth also increases by more than 3 cm.

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Tan, See Ling, Yu-Fu Chen, Chieh-Yu Liu, Kuo-Chung Chu, and Pei-Chun Li. "Shortened neural conduction time in young adults with tinnitus as revealed by chirp-evoked auditory brainstem response." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 4 (2023): 2178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017789.

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Tinnitus is generally considered to be caused by neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system, triggered by a loss of input from the damaged peripheral system; however, conflicting results on auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to clicks have been reported previously in humans with tinnitus. This study aimed to compare the effect of tinnitus on ABRs to chirps with those to clicks in normal-hearing young adults with tinnitus. The results showed that the tinnitus group had no significantly poorer hearing thresholds (0.25–16 kHz), click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (1–16 kHz), and speech perception in noise (SPIN) than the control group. Although chirps evoked significantly larger wave I and V amplitudes than clicks, people with tinnitus had no significantly smaller wave I amplitudes for either stimulus. Nevertheless, adults with tinnitus exhibited significantly smaller interpeak interval (IPI) between waves I and V for chirps (IPI–chirp) but not for clicks. In addition, the IPI–chirp correlated significantly with the SPIN for individuals with tinnitus when the signal-to-noise ratio was low. The present results suggest that the chirp-evoked ABR may be a valuable clinical tool for objectively assessing the SPIN in individuals with tinnitus. Further studies should be conducted to investigate possible etiologies of tinnitus.

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Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "The Study on the Nonlinear Effects of Soliton in Optical Fibre." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 8 (2024): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63871.

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Abstract: In optical fibres, the chirps generated by GVD and SPM, which both limit the system's performance when operating independently, balance each other out to produce soliton formation. To comprehend how such a balance is possible, we shall study the nonlinear optical effects and the dispersion-induced pulse broadening. If an optical pulse is not adequately chirped before it propagates inside an optical fibre, the GVD broadens the pulse. More specifically, an early stage of transmission compresses a chirped pulse whenever β2 and the chirp parameter C have opposite signs and β2C is negative. The optical pulse chirps due to SPM, ensuring that C > 0. If β2 < 0, it is easy to meet the criteria β2C < 0. Moreover, because the SPM-induced chirp depends on power, it is possible that in some situations, SPM and GVD could cooperate to the extent that the SPM-induced chirp is precisely the right amount to cancel out the pulse broadening caused by GVD. Here, an optical pulse propagates distortion-free as a soliton [27].

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Sen, A. K., M. J. Kubek, and H. E. Shannon. "Analysis of Seizure EEG in Kindled Epileptic Rats." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 8, no. 4 (2007): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486700701528970.

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Using wavelet analysis we have detected the presence of chirps in seizure EEG signals recorded from kindled epileptic rats. Seizures were induced by electrical stimulation of the amygdala and the EEG signals recorded from the amygdala were analyzed using a continuous wavelet transform. A time–frequency representation of the wavelet power spectrum revealed that during seizure the EEG signal is characterized by a chirp-like waveform whose frequency changes with time from the onset of seizure to its completion. Similar chirp-like time–frequency profiles have been observed in newborn and adult patients undergoing epileptic seizures. The global wavelet spectrum depicting the variation of power with frequency showed two dominant frequencies with the largest amounts of power during seizure. Our results indicate that a kindling paradigm in rats can be used as an animal model of human temporal lobe epilepsy to detect seizures by identifying chirp-like time–frequency variations in the EEG signal.

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Beloglyadov, Igor Mikhailovich. "Chirp signal generator." Прикладные проблемы безопасности технических и биотехнических систем, no. 2 (2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25960/2500-2538.2018.2.37.

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Fleming, A. J., A. A. Lindeman, A. L. Carroll, and J. E. Yack. "Acoustics of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Curculionidae, Scolytinae): sonic, ultrasonic, and vibration characteristics." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 4 (2013): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0239.

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Acoustic signaling is widespread in bark beetles (Scolytinae), although little is known about the physical characteristics of signals, how they are transmitted, and how they differ among behavioural contexts. Signals were studied in the male mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) during stress, male–female, and male–male interactions. Sounds are broadband with significant energy in the ultrasound (peaks between 15 and 26 kHz) and low amplitude (55 and 47 dB SPL at 2 and 4 cm, respectively), indicating that signaling functions at close range. Signal trains vary among contexts primarily in the proportions of chirp types. Chirps were categorized as being simple or interrupted, with the former having significantly lower tooth strike rates and shorter chirp durations. Stress chirps are predominantly simple with characteristics resembling other insect disturbance signals. Male–female interactions begin with the male producing predominantly interrupted chirps prior to gallery entrance, followed by simple chirps. Male–male (rivalry) chirps are predominantly simple, with evidence of antiphonal calling. Substrate-borne vibrations were detectable with a laser-doppler vibrometer at short distances (1–3 cm), suggesting that sensory organs could be tuned to either air or substrate-borne vibrations. These results have important implications for future research on the function and reception of acoustic signals in bark beetles.

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Mohammed, Jawad Al-Dujaili, and Majeed Al-Awadi Aws. "Chirplet signal design by FPGA." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2120–27. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2120-2127.

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The ever-expanding growth of the electronics and communications industries present new challenges for researchers. One of these challenges is the generation of the required bandwidth signal over a specific time frame that is used in a variety of contexts, particularly radar systems. To improve the range resolution in the radar along with better SNR, it is necessary to reduce the signal bandwidth and increase the peak power. There are some restrictions for narrowband signals like power limitation, pulse shaping, and the production of unwanted harmonics. So as a solution pulse compression techniques are suggested. Pulse compression is a process that modulating the transmitted pulse to achieve a wideband signal and then at the receiver, the received signal correlates with the transmitted pulse to achieve narrowband representations of data. Chirp is the most common signal used in pulse compression. The chirp signal is produced using linear frequency modulation. In this study, we attempted to add an amplitude modulation to the chirp signal and evaluate its performance by implementation on FPGA. The outcome signal is called chirplet and simulation will show that it enhance target detection and image quality in imaging radars like SAR.

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Ma Rong, 马榕, 高铎瑞 Gao Duorui, 魏森涛 Wei Sentao та ін. "基于啁啾管理激光器的直接调制RZ-DPSK信号产生技术研究". Chinese Journal of Lasers 49, № 13 (2022): 1306001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202249.1306001.

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Bai Jiacheng, 白嘉诚, 卢冰 Lu Bing, 张佳昕 Zhang Jiaxin, 白一凡 Bai Yifan та 郭鹏星 Guo Pengxing. "基于窄带FBG的宽带可调谐双啁啾微波信号生成". Chinese Journal of Lasers 52, № 1 (2025): 0106003. https://doi.org/10.3788/cjl241018.

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Lee, Myung-Whan, Jin Mi Jung, Jun Sub Lee, et al. "Wideband Chirp Signal Generation for W-Band SAR." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.138.

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Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "The Study of Soliton Propagation in Optical Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 12 (2023): 1859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57747.

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Abstract: In optical fibres, soliton formation results from a balance between the chirps produced by GVD and SPM, which, when functioning separately, both restrict the system's performance. We will analyse the dispersion-induced pulse broadening and the nonlinear optical effects to understand how such a balance is feasible. During an optical pulse's propagation inside an optical fibre, the GVD broadens it, unless the pulse is first chirped correctly. More precisely, whenever β2 and the chirp parameter C have opposing signs, resulting in β2C being negative, a chirped pulse is compressed at early phases of transmission. SPM causes the optical pulse to chirp so that C > 0. The criterion β2C < 0 can be easily met if β2 < 0. Furthermore, since the SPM-induced chirp is power-dependent, it is conceivable that, under some circumstances, SPM and GVD might work together to the point where the SPM-induced chirp is just the proper amount to cancel out the GVD-induced pulse broadening. In this case, an optical pulse propagates as a soliton with no distortion

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Kim, Jinwon, Sangman Han, Boguen Seo, Yongcheol Kim, and Hojun Lee. "Generalized Chirp Spread Spectrum for Underwater Acoustic Communications." Electronics 14, no. 5 (2025): 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050964.

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In this paper, we propose a generalized-chirp spread spectrum (G-CSS) that can have various modulation orders and offers superior bit error rate (BER) performance to improve the communication performance of existing chirp-based modulation/demodulation schemes. The proposed G-CSS sets frequency bins with different modulation orders at the start and end points of the symbol and selects frequency bins based on the bits to be transmitted, modulating the signal using corresponding chirps. Therefore, the proposed method allows for independent design of modulation orders at the start and end of the symbol, enabling signal design and flexible transmission tailored to the transmission rate required by the system. Through computer simulations and practical ocean experiments, we compared and analyzed the BER performances of the proposed G-CSS with existing up/down-CSS and long-range CSS (LoRa-CSS). The proposed G-CSS demonstrated a superior BER performance at the same transmission rate.

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Afanasiev, D. S. "Digital Chirp Processing." LETI Transactions on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science 15, no. 4 (2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2071-8985-2022-15-4-44-48.

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Algorithms for digital signal processing with linear frequency modulation LFM have been developed. A method for calibrating several chirp signals for their subsequent joint processing, an algorithm for shifting a signal in time, compensating for compression or stretching of a signal in time, and determining the start time of a signal are considered, digital signal processing.

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Horai, Mio, Hideo Kobayashi, and Takashi G. Nitta. "Chirp Signal Transform and Its Properties." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/161989.

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The chirp signalexp(iπ(x-y)2)is a typical example of CAZAC (constant amplitude zero autocorrelation) sequence. Using the chirp signals, the chirp z transform and the chirp-Fourier transform were defined in order to calculate the discrete Fourier transform. We define a transform directly from the chirp signals for an even or odd numberNand the continuous version. We study the fundamental properties of the transform and how it can be applied to recursion problems and differential equations. Furthermore, whenNis not prime and N=ML, we define a transform skippedLand develop the theory for it.

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Fakhoury, Hussein, Chadi Jabbour, and Van-Tam Nguyen. "A 40 MHz 11-Bit ENOB Delta Sigma ADC for Communication and Acquisition Systems." Sensors 23, no. 1 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010036.

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This paper describes a Delta Sigma ADC IC that embeds a 5th-order Continuous-Time Delta Sigma modulator with 40 MHz signal bandwidth, a low ripple 20 to 80 MS/s variable-rate digital decimation filter, a bandgap voltage reference, and high-speed CML buffers on a single die. The ADC also integrates on-chip calibrations for RC time-constant variation and quantizer offset. The chip was fabricated in a 1P7M 65 nm CMOS process. Clocked at 640 MHz, the Continuous-Time Delta Sigma modulator achieves 11-bit ENOB and 76.5 dBc THD up to 40 MHz of signal bandwidth while consuming 82.3 mW.

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Jahn, Martin, and Andreas Stelzer. "A 120 GHz FMCW radar frontend demonstrator based on a SiGe chipset." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 3 (2012): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000323.

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This paper presents a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar operating at 120 GHz, which features silicon–germanium (SiGe) chips that employ HBTs with 320 GHz fmax. The chipset comprises a fundamental-wave signal-generation chip with a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that provides frequencies between 114 and 130 GHz and a corresponding dual–transceiver (TRX) chip that supports monostatic and quasi-monostatic radar configurations. The cascode amplifiers used in the TRX chip were characterized in separate test chips and yielded peak small-signal gains of approximately 15 dB. Finally, a quasi-monostatic two-channel FMCW radar frontend with on-board differential microstrip antennas was built on an RF substrate. FMCW radar measurements with frequency chirps from 116 to 123 GHz verified the functionality of the designed radar sensor.

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Wu, Yan Jun, Gang Fu, and Peng Yu. "Performance Analysis on Three Methods for Chirp Signal Parameters Estimation Based on FRFT." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3942.

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Chirp signal has been used widely in radar signals, and the Fractional Fourier transform is one of the most effective tools to analyze Chirp signal. In this paper, the concept of FRFT and the estimation theory of Chirp signal are introduced firstly. Then, we study three Chirp signal detection algorithms based on character of Chirp signal energy concentrated in a certain FRFT domain. Finally, in order to test the estimation abilities of the frequency modulation rate and the central frequency of FRFT to Chirp signal, and compare the operation time of parameters estimation under different SNR of the three algorithms, we simulate performance of the Three methods, and the final simulation results show that the three method have remarkable capabilities of detecting Chirp signal with low SNR. In contrast, the two-searching method doesn’t need planar search, consumedly reducing the computation cost at the same precision.

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Zeng, Ling Gang, Shou Liang Yang, and Xing Xing Mu. "Design of Chirp Signal Based on NIOS." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.881.

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This paper analyzes the function of chirp. A design solution based on SOPC technology chirp signal put forward after the function had been studied both the hardware design and implement method. The chirp signal generator based on SOPC is designed according to the design process of Matlab/Simulink/DSP Builder/ QuartusII. The generator can produce the chirp signal well which is verified by the Matlab/Simulink and QuartusII. The starting frequency, bandwidth, and frequency resolution of chirp signal can be revamped by utilizing SOPC technology. This method is easier to implement since it is simple to design, easy to modify, low cost, no programming.

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Senatorov, L. A., V. V. Khvorenkov, and E. M. Zaytseva. "Impact Assessment of the Chirp Signal Frequency Change Rate on the Energy Secrecy and Noise Immunity." Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 26, no. 2 (2023): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2023-2-85-93.

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The article deals with the issues of noise immunity and energy secrecy of chirp signals. The purpose of the article is to study the rate of chirp signal frequency change and its influence on signal parameters, such as the envelope and spectrum of the signal, the degree of its energy secrecy and noise immunity. A study was made of the chirp signal frequency change rate influence on the amplitude spectrum of the transmitted signal. The study showed that an increase in the chirp signal frequency change rate leads to an increase in the slope control of the sawtooth voltage. In this case, the width of the amplitude spectrum changes in direct proportion to the change in the frequency band. Based on the results, the assumption was made about the positive effect of increasing the slope of the control signal on noise immunity and energy secrecy. The effect of the chirp signal frequency change rate on the degree of energy secrecy is studied by means of the author's method to estimate the energy of the transmitted symbol. The simulation results showed that the rate of change in the frequency of the chirp signal does not lead to a change in energy and does not affect the degree of energy secrecy. A study was made of the chirp signal frequency change rate influence on the noise immunity of the transmitted signal. It was proposed to investigate a real high-frequency chirp signal using the weighting method on a set of matched filters. The method made it possible to investigate the noise immunity of chirp signals with different parameters and compare the obtained data with the noise immunity of the GMSK signal of the Gonets-M satellite communication system. As a result, some regularities were found that allow us to evaluate the effect of the rate of change in the frequency of the chirp signal on its noise immunity. Comparison of GMSK and chirp signals made it possible to verify the effect of introducing chirp signals into satellite communication systems. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the influence of the choice of chirp signal frequency change rate on noise immunity and energy secrecy.

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Polonenko, Melissa J., and Samantha Krocak. "Auditory brainstem responses to peaky speech using zero- versus chirp-phases." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018120.

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Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) are used to identify hearing loss across multiple frequency bands in young children. ABRs typically use brief tonebursts or chirps, but we recently created a “peaky” speech method that uses stories to evoke ABRs—an engaging stimulus that may facilitate testing in infants and toddlers who cannot nap, sit still, or participate in behavioral testing. This study aimed to determine which phase profile (zero versus chirp) of multiband peaky speech evokes the largest ABRs in the fastest recording time. Fifteen adults with normal hearing listened to an hour each of zero- and chirp-phase multiband peaky speech while 2-channel ABRs were recorded. Overall, ABR wave V amplitudes were larger for chirp- than zero-phase multiband peaky speech, especially for lower frequency responses, and took 30 versus &gt;60 minutes for all responses in the 5 bands (0.5–8kHz) and both ears to reach a criterion signal-to-noise ratio. In summary, chirp-phase peaky speech provided larger—and thus, more effective and efficient—multiband ABRs than zero-phase peaky speech for ABR testing using continuous speech. Reducing testing time in half will be important for future application as an ABR hearing screener in toddlers using engaging stories. [Work funded by Hearing Health Foundation ERG.]

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Li, Shangyuan, Haidong Cao, and Xiaoping Zheng. "Concurrent photonic measurement of angle-of-arrival and chirp rate of microwave LFM signal." Chinese Optics Letters 18, no. 12 (2020): 123902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.123902.

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Noor-A-Rahim, Md, M. Omar Khyam, Apel Mahmud, Xinde Li, Dirk Pesch, and H. Vincent Poor. "Hybrid Chirp Signal Design for Improved Long-Range (LoRa) Communications." Signals 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals3010001.

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Long-range (LoRa) communication has attracted much attention recently due to its utility for many Internet of Things applications. However, one of the key problems of LoRa technology is that it is vulnerable to noise/interference due to the use of only up-chirp signals during modulation. In this paper, to solve this problem, unlike the conventional LoRa modulation scheme, we propose a modulation scheme for LoRa communication based on joint up- and down-chirps. A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based demodulation scheme is devised to detect modulated symbols. To further improve the demodulation performance, a hybrid demodulation scheme, comprised of FFT- and correlation-based demodulation, is also proposed. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive simulation results. Compared to the conventional LoRa modulation scheme, we show that the proposed scheme exhibits over 3 dB performance gain at a bit error rate of 10−4.

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Li, Junfang, Bingbing Li, Zixun Guo, Mingqian Liu, and Yongming Guo. "Multicomponent Chirp Signal Detection Based on Discrete Chirp-Fourier Transform." Wireless Personal Communications 96, no. 3 (2017): 4385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4392-z.

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Wang, Junyuan, Huihui He, Zhijian Wang, Wenhua Du, Nengquan Duan, and Ziying Zhang. "Application of Optimized Adaptive Chirp Mode Decomposition Method in Chirp Signal." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113695.

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The adaptive chirp mode decomposition method has a good effect on processing chirp signals. The parameter α controls the smoothness of the output signal. Too small an α will cause a smooth output signal. The parameter β controls the instantaneous frequency (IF). If too small a β value is used, the output IF will be very smooth. However, rapidly changing IFs require a relatively large β. However, the choice of α,β is artificially set, and there are errors in practical applications. Therefore, it employs the state transition algorithm to adaptively optimize α,β to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution of the signal. First, as the species number of the state transition algorithm method is set artificially and has a long running time, this paper proposes a Rastrigin optimization test equation to test the optimization time of different species and determine the number of optimal species; second, the state transition algorithm determined by the number of species is employed to adaptively find the α,β in the adaptive chirp mode decomposition algorithm; finally, the optimized adaptive chirp mode decomposition method is applied to the simulation signal and chirp signal from marine animals to verify the proposed method.

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Zhang, Haowen, and Qiuze Yu. "Photonic Approach to Multi-band Dual-chirp Microwave Waveform Generation with Quadruple Bandwidth." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 9, no. 1 (2024): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.9.1.762.2024.

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We propose a scheme for generating a microwave waveform with dual-band, dual-chirp, linearly chirped characteristics and quadruple chirp bandwidth. In this scheme, we employ two cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), with each modulated by a microwave signal and a linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal. This modulation technique extends the LFM signal to multiple frequency bands and enhances its bandwidth. By properly adjusting the microwave signal's frequency and the LFM's carrier frequency, we can intelligently combine the up-chirp and down-chirp signals obtained after heterodyne beating in the photodetector (PD). This combination results in the creation of multi-band dual-chirp signals with quadruple chirp bandwidth. Our simulation demonstrates the simultaneous generation of dual-chirp microwave waveforms in the X, Ka, U, and V bands, with central frequency-bandwidth ranges of 10GHz-4GHz, 30GHz-4GHz, 50GHz-4GHz, and 70GHz-4GHz respectively. These dual-chirp signals possess a bandwidth four times that of the driving chirp signal, leading to a Time Bandwidth Product (TBWP) four times greater than that of the driving chirp signal. Consequently, the proposed scheme has the potential to significantly improve range Doppler resolution in modern radar systems. Additionally, the high-frequency and large-bandwidth dual-band dual-chirp LFM signals generated by this approach are anticipated to enhance range resolution and detection range in multitarget radar systems.

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Wang, Qianqian, Fei Liu, Liyin Fu, et al. "A 22.3-Bit Third-Order Delta-Sigma Modulator for EEG Signal Acquisition Systems." Electronics 12, no. 23 (2023): 4866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234866.

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This paper presents a high resolution delta-sigma modulator for continuous acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The third-order single-loop architecture with a 1-bit quantizer is adopted to achieve 22.3-bit resolution. The effects of thermal noise on the performance of the delta-sigma modulator are analyzed to reasonably allocate the switched-capacitor sizes for optimal signal to noise ratio (SNR) and minimum chip area. The coefficients in feedback path and input path are optimized to avoid the signal distortion under the full-scale input voltage range with almost no increase in total capacitance sizes. Fabricated in 0.5 µm CMOS technology and powered by a 5 V voltage supply, the proposed delta-sigma modulator can achieve 136 dB peak SNR with 16 Hz input and 137 dB dynamic range in 100 Hz signal bandwidth with an oversampling ratio of 512. The modulator dissipates 700 µA. The core chip area is 1.96 mm2. The modulator occupies 1.41 mm2 and the decimator occupies 0.55 mm2.

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Chae, Kwang-Young, Tae-Geon Chung, and Tae-Ho Im. "Performance comparative analysis of various Chirp signal-based underwater acoustic communication." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 27, no. 4 (2023): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2023.27.4.525.

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Masuda, Koji, Yuya Nishida, Takashi Sonoda, and Kazuo Ishii. "AUV Homing Using Acoustic Chirp Signal." Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 23 (February 2, 2018): 783–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2018.os20-4.

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Elgamel, Sherif. "Overlapped Chirp Signals’ Parameters Estimation in Radar ESM Station." Advances in Military Technology 17, no. 2 (2022): 439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01754.

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Three consecutive algorithms are used to estimate the number of multiple overlapped pulsed received chirp signals and their parameters in the electronic support measures (ESM) station noisy receiving window at low signal to noise ratio. The first consecutive algorithm is used to estimate both the number of multiple overlapped received radar signals and the chirp rate of each one in the receiving window. Then, the second consecutive algorithm is used to minimize the additive noise and/or interference in the receiving window by filtering each received chirp signal in the corresponding fractional Fourier domain. The third consecutive algorithm based on WD and Hough transform is used to estimate both the received chirp signal duration and the received chirp signal bandwidth.

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Yani, Kalfika, Koredianto Usman, and Fiky Y. Suratman. "Robust Modified MVDR Scheme Using Chirp Signal for Direction of Arrival Estimation." Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems 6, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jmecs.v6i1.2630.

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This research is about an effort to increase the robustness of the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithm to noise by using a chirp signal for direction of arrival estimation (DoA). DoA is a part of radar capability to estimate the angle of arrival on the object under observation. The conventional MVDR as proposed by J. Capon, was designed to work with the monochromatic sinusoidal signal. Even though the conventional MVDR work on low SNR up to 0 dB, however, the conventional method does not work well if chirp signal is used instead of monochromatic sinusoidal signal. The usage of MVDR chirp signal is essential in the case of a very low SNR environment such as in long distance object detection, which is typically more than 10 km. The problem to be solved in this research is how to modify the MVDR algorithm so that it can work well on chirp signal. In this research we offer a modified MVDR algorithm by adding the matched filter and the phase detector components before the MVDR algorithm is applied. Matched filter is responsible for the timing of the chirp signal detection, and the phase detector is to estimate the time delay estimation of each chirp signal from each antenna with a reference signal, which correspond to the phases. Based on the phase estimation, sinusoidal signal is generated and fed to the MVDR algorithm. On the technical aspect, the chirp signal is sent intermittently with a duration of 100 ?s and repeated in time interval of 1 ms. The antenna sensor using an array of Uniform Linear Array (ULA) which consist of N-elements. Computer simulation shows that the modified MVDR using the chirp signal improve the robustness of the algorithm up to -30 dB, while on the other hand the classical MVDR works only up to 0 dB SNR. -30 dB of SNR is the minimum requirement of 3D Radar existing.

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Пономарчук, Сергей, Sergey Ponomarchuk, Виктор Грозов, et al. "Diagnostics of HF radio channel: based on data from backscatter ionospheric sounding by continuous chirp signal." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 4, no. 2 (2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-42201804.

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Backscatter ionospheric sounding (BIS) is a powerful tool for monitoring and predicting conditions of operation of HF communication systems. The BIS method is adopted to determine coverage areas of radio waves and maximum usable radio frequencies, distance along the ground to a scatterer, as well as to gain information about ionospheric structure and conditions. To solve these problems, we propose a method for direct diagnostics of HF radio channel at the leading edge of BIS signals on ionograms. The method relies on real-time automatic processing and interpretation of BIS ionograms. We present algorithms for determining the maximum usable frequencies and characteristics of oblique sounding signals from current BIS data, without correcting ionospheric parameters. We realize the algorithm for recovering ionospheric parameters at the path midpoint.

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Zhao, Shuang, and Yu Bo Yue. "The Error Analysis of the Chirp Radar Waveforms Based on DDS Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.476.

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Based on the chirp signal radar using DDS technology, the waveform of the wideband chirp signal source is analyzed. By analyzing the system error model, the method that selecting the chirp steps in accordance with the digits of DDS phase truncation is proposed. It reduces the system errors caused by the phase truncation.

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Junhui, FAN, PENG Hua, and WEI Chi. "Parameter Estimation of Chirp for Underwater Acoustic Channel." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817303044.

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To overcome the performance degradation of conventional Chirp parameters estimation methods in underwater acoustic multipath channels, a novel parameters estimation method based on Fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) and Fourier transform (FFT) was proposed. Firstly, the Chirp rate was estimated by searching for the best degree of Chirp after Fractional Fourier transform. Secondly, the Chirp signal turned into a single-frequency signal by means of Chirp rate equalization. Finally, FFT was applied to estimate the initial frequency. The simulation experiment show that the proposed algorithm enhanced about 1dB RMSE performance on Chirp initial frequency compared with FRFT while the computational complexity is similar to FRFT.

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Chen, Hong Lei, Fei Deng, and Xi Zhang. "Defect Imaging via Chirp Signal Excitation in Plate." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.826.

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The chirp signal can bring some useful information for structural non-destructive evaluation (NDE) applications due to its broad frequency components with different sensitivity to defects that exist in test pieces. This paper introduces a defect imaging method based on the chirp signal. When a chirp signal is used as excitation in the guided wave detection system, tone burst results can be gotten from the response easily. Numerical simulation results show that this method simplifies the procedure to find the best exciting frequency and guided wave mode for the hole defect detection, and yields more accurate defect imaging results with arc imaging algorithm.

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Wu, Yan Jun, Ren Long Li, and Xiao Wang. "Detection of Chirp Signal with Time-Varying Amplitude Based on FRFT." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4046.

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The general method time-varying amplitude linear FM signal parameter estimation, the proposed parameter fractional Fourier transform for time-varying estimates of the magnitude of the chirp signal, and the related issues of a more in-depth research. Study the time-varying amplitude of the initial phase chirp signal, the initial angular frequency, modulation frequency and amplitude information extraction and estimation methods, and the magnitude of the Gaussian function varies with the magnitude of random variation and chirp signal for the object properties (parameters on parameter estimation estimate the mean square error) were simulated.

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Meng, Fan Yu, Xue Mai Gu, and Qing Guo. "An Efficient M-Ary Modulation Technique Using Single Linear Chirp Signal." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.492.

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In recent years, as the indoor wireless communication has gained increasing attention, various kinds of wireless communication techniques have developed rapidly to obtain a better system performance. Chirp signal is also noticed again due to the feature of low power consumption, high processing gain and low cost. A novel M-ary chirp modulation technique is proposed in this paper to increase the system performance both under AWGN channel and indoor wireless channel. Optimal linear chirp signals are designed in this system to reduce the cross correlation, and simplify the complexity of the system. Simulation shows that, compared with the binary orthogonality modulation technique, the M-ary chirp modulation technique using optimal linear chirp signal has a high data rate with a reasonable BER both under AWGN channel and indoor wireless channel.

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Carni, Domenico Luca, Domenico Grimaldi, and Francesco Lamonaca. "Distortion Characterization of Exponential Signal Reconstructed by Low-Chirp Signal." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 68, no. 4 (2019): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2857902.

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Ricci, Stefano, Stefano Caputo, and Lorenzo Mucchi. "FPGA-Based Pulse Compressor for Ultra Low Latency Visible Light Communications." Electronics 12, no. 2 (2023): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020364.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) represents an emerging technology where a short-range data connection is obtained by modulating the energy radiated by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) at frequencies from a few kHz up to hundreds of MHz. The bandwidth/distance performance of such links is a compromise related to the available Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). At present, VLC links with bandwidth beyond the Gb/s and distance limited to a few cm or distances up to 100 m but data rates of a few kb/s have been demonstrated. Chirp coding with pulse compression is a well-known technique capable of recovering useful data from low SNR signals, widely employed, for example, in radar. In spite of the possible advantages, its application in VLC has never been investigated. Unfortunately, the pulse compressor is quite calculation-intensive, and only devices like Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays (FPGAs) can support a low-latency real-time implementation. In this paper we demonstrate a real-time VLC link based on chirp coding and pulse compression coded in FPGA. For example, a chirp with bandwidth and length of 1.7 MHz and 17.92 µs, respectively, is demonstrated to support a link at 1.56 Mb/s over 2.8 m distance and a latency below 40 µs. Moreover, the communication-distance increase achievable by chirps of increasing temporal length is demonstrated and compared to the theoretical background.

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Adithya valli, N., and Dr D. Elizabath Rani. "Modified PWNLFM Signal for Side-Lobe Reduction." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.22110.

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Many applications in radar systems require low range side-lobe performance which is achieved by pulse compression processing. Most used chirp signal for this processing is linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal but with a presence of first high side-lobe level. Suppression of this side-lobe requires weighting function causing the reduction in signal to noise ratio at the receiver owing to mismatch loss. Non-linear chirp signals are introduced as a solution and became most practiced signals aimed at reducing side-lobes. In this paper, an overall piece wise non-linear frequency modulation chirp signal is designed by merging two stages, one with linear function and the other with a tangent based non-linear function. Simulation results show significant reduction in the sidelobe level of autocorrelation function when NLFM is generated in this method.

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Al_Dujaili, Mohammed Jawad, and Aws Majeed Al_Awadi. "Chirplet signal design by FPGA." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2120-2127.

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The ever-expanding growth of the electronics and communications industries present new challenges for researchers. One of these challenges is the generation of the required bandwidth signal over a specific time frame that is used in a variety of contexts, particularly radar systems. To improve the range resolution in the radar along with better SNR, it is necessary to reduce the signal bandwidth and increase the peak power. There are some restrictions for narrowband signals like power limitation, pulse shaping, and the production of unwanted harmonics. So as a solution pulse compression techniques are suggested. Pulse compression is a process that modulating the transmitted pulse to achieve a wideband signal and then at the receiver, the received signal correlates with the transmitted pulse to achieve narrowband representations of data. Chirp is the most common signal used in pulse compression. The chirp signal is produced using linear frequency modulation. In this study, we attempted to add an amplitude modulation to the chirp signal and evaluate its performance by implementation on FPGA. The outcome signal is called chirplet and simulation will show that it enhance target detection and image quality in imaging radars like SAR.

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Geng, Yong, Si Long Wu, and Fang Kun Jia. "The Research of Chirp Signal Based on GNU Radio and USRP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1765.

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This paper put forward a research of the chirp signal and its generated method. The research was based on a software-defined radio (SDR) system, which was composed of GNU Radio and Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). It introduced the chirp signal and design algorithm to show how to generate the chirp signal based on DDS technique. And it provided two platforms including the FPGA platform and SDR platform to generate the chirp waveforms. Finally, it analyzed the difference between the two platforms. From the waveforms using these two platforms displayed in oscilloscope, it found that the results based on SDR were better. And it demonstrated that advantages of GNU Radio and USRP.

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Zhou, Jing Lei, and Fan Wang. "Chirp Signal Time-Frequency Analysis Characteristic Comparison." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.568.

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Chirp signal is a typical non-stationary signal, and have been widely used in communication, sonar, radar and so on. So, this signal is worth to analysis. In order to show the characteristics, this paper first introduces the definition and formula of each algorithm, then with all kinds of time-frequency analysis method to the signals, and the signal to add two sine signal noise are analyzed, the comparison of the characteristics of the method in the paper, and the signal for the analysis, the selection of an appropriate analysis. Through analysis and comparison, when dealing with the signal, Hilbert-Huang transformation not only has a better gathered characteristic, but also has a better resolution to distinguish the sine signal noise. Finally, use the MATLAB software simulation to obtain the result.

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YAO, SUSU, and ZHENYA HE. "ANALYSIS OF MULTICOMPONENT CHIRP SIGNALS USING FREQUENCY-SHEAR REPRESENTATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 06, no. 04 (1996): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126696000261.

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This paper is concerned with the problem of multicomponent chirp signal analysis. The traditional analysis tool is time-frequency distribution which has been paid more attention in deterministic nonstationary signal processing. However, for chirp signals, it is difficult to find a best time-frequency representation that has high auto component concentration and cross-term suppression. Generally, any time-frequency representation based on rectangular resolution cell will not result in good performance for signals with time-varying frequency content. In this paper we propose a new representation for analyzing multicomponent chirp signals using resolution cell that shears in the timefrequency plane. In our approach, the kernel function with its shape adapted to the local structure of the chirp signal is used so that the signal components can be clearly mapped onto the frequency-shear plane. It is shown that the frequency-shear representation can reduce spurious values and concentrate on the auto components. Several signals including sinusoidal signals and chirp signals are analyzed and simulated using the proposed approach in comparison with the results by the Wigner distribution.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chirp Signa'

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