Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chirurgia toracica'
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Tassi, Valentina <1982>. "Terapia chirurgica dell'acalasia scompensata: prevalenza e fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo del carcinoma esofageo, risultati clinico-funzionali a lungo termine della chirurgia conservativa e dell'esofagectomia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8502/1/Tassi_Valentina_tesi.pdf.
Full textConservative surgery or esophagectomy, may be indicated for therapy of dysphagia in end-stage achalasia. Esophagectomy is also aimed to prevent the development of carcinoma which may occur in end-stage achalasia. Aims of the study were: a) to determine prevalence and risk factors for epidermoid carcinoma development; b) to compare clinical and functional results after pull-down Heller-Dor (PD-HD) and esophagectomy. Data in the analysis, extracted from a database started in 1973 and finalized to prospective clinical research, were: a) clinical, radiological and endoscopic features of 573 achalasia patients; b) objective outcome and quality of life, assessed by means of SF-36 questionnaire, after PD-HD (29 patients) and esophagectomy for end stage achalasia or for cancer (20 patients). Results: a) Seventeen epidermoid carcinomas and one carcinosarcoma were diagnosed (3.14%). At multivariate analysis esophageal diameter (p<0.001), residual barium column (p<0.01) and duration of dysphagia (p<0.01) were independent risk factors. According to classification tree, patients with poor outcome at the last clinical-radiological control and sigmoid esophagus experienced a risk of epidermoid carcinoma development equal to 52.9%. b) No statistically significant differences were observed with regards to the objective evaluation of dysphagia, reflux symptoms and esophagitis (p=0.515). No statistically significant differences were calculated between the two groups as it concerns the domains general health, physical functioning, role physical and bodily pain. Significant differences with regards to the domains role emotional (p=0.012), vitality (p<0.001), mental health (p=0.001) and social functioning (p=0.014) were observed in favour of PD-HD. In conclusion, PD-HD achieved better quality of life than esophagectomy. PD-HD is the procedure of choice for patients with low or null risk for cancer. Patients, who overcome the risk parameters, should be offered esophagectomy or conservative treatment followed by strict endoscopic surveillance.
Leo, Francesco <1966>. "Chemioterapia preoperatoria e complicanze respiratorie dopo resezione polmonare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/219/1/Tesi_Leo.pdf.
Full textLeo, Francesco <1966>. "Chemioterapia preoperatoria e complicanze respiratorie dopo resezione polmonare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/219/.
Full textSellitri, Francesco <1968>. "Trapianto eterotopico della trachea: studio sperimentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/447/1/Tesi_Sellitri_Francesco.pdf.
Full textSellitri, Francesco <1968>. "Trapianto eterotopico della trachea: studio sperimentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/447/.
Full textRuffato, Alberto <1977>. "Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma before age of 40 years." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/458/1/Tesi_Dottorato_Dr._A._Ruffato.pdf.
Full textRuffato, Alberto <1977>. "Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma before age of 40 years." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/458/.
Full textGhiribelli, Claudia <1971>. "La terapia multimodale nel trattamento del mesotelioma pleurico maligno." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/582/1/ghiribelli.pdf.
Full textGhiribelli, Claudia <1971>. "La terapia multimodale nel trattamento del mesotelioma pleurico maligno." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/582/.
Full textNatali, Pamela <1974>. "Adenocarcinoma polmonare periferico in stadio precoce. Correlazione tra gli aspetti imaging, i sottotipi istologici e il comportamento biologico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1088/1/Tesi_Natali_Pamela.pdf.
Full textNatali, Pamela <1974>. "Adenocarcinoma polmonare periferico in stadio precoce. Correlazione tra gli aspetti imaging, i sottotipi istologici e il comportamento biologico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1088/.
Full textGaletta, Domenico <1971>. "Profilo farmacogenetico di determinanti molecolari dell'attività di cisplatino e gemcitabina in pazienti affetti da tumore polmonare non a piccole cellule." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2000/1/GALETTA_DOMENICO_tesi.pdf.
Full textGaletta, Domenico <1971>. "Profilo farmacogenetico di determinanti molecolari dell'attività di cisplatino e gemcitabina in pazienti affetti da tumore polmonare non a piccole cellule." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2000/.
Full textAramini, Beatrice <1979>. "Role of SP-A gene polymorphism in lung transplantation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3634/1/aramini_beatrice_tesi.pdf.
Full textAramini, Beatrice <1979>. "Role of SP-A gene polymorphism in lung transplantation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3634/.
Full textGasparri, Roberto <1968>. "Tumori primitivi multipli del polmone. Profilo clinico e biologico in pazienti affetti da neoplasie polmonari multiple. Analisi di elementi clinici e marcatori biologici come possibili fattori di differenziazione dei tumori polmonari multipli." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3655/1/Gasparri-roberto-Tesi.pdf.
Full textGasparri, Roberto <1968>. "Tumori primitivi multipli del polmone. Profilo clinico e biologico in pazienti affetti da neoplasie polmonari multiple. Analisi di elementi clinici e marcatori biologici come possibili fattori di differenziazione dei tumori polmonari multipli." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3655/.
Full textRapicetta, Cristian <1978>. "Risultati funzionali a lungo termine dopo sutura o plicatura del diaframma." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5267/1/Rapicetta_Cristian_tesi.pdf.
Full textObjectives. To assess pulmonary and diaphragmatic function after diaphragmatic plication re-enforced by pericostal fixed mesh for eventration and repair of diaphragmatic hernia through reduction and direct suture. Methods. From 1996 to 2010, 10 patients with unilateral eventration and 6 patients with misunderstood chronic trans-diaphragmatic hernia underwent elective surgery. Preoperative and 12 months follow-up assessment included pulmonary function tests, measure of maximum inspiratory pressure in clino- and orthostasis, blood gas analysis, chest-CT scan and dyspnoea score. Results. Patients of the two groups did not differ in terms of preoperative lung function nor postoperative complications or in-hospital stay; at follow-up of 12 months, Eventration group showed significant improvement of FEV1% (+18,2 – p<0.001), FVC% (+12,8 – p<0.001), DLCO% (+6,84 – p=0,04) and pO2 (+9,8 mmHg – p<0.001). Conversely in Hernia group only pO2 gain was significant (+8.3 – p=0.04). Although Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) increased in both groups at follow-up, patients operated for hernia showed minor improvement with persistent significant fall of MIP passing from orthostasis to clinostasis (p<0.001). Transitional dyspnoea score reflected such improvements but no differences were found in gain between the two groups. CT-scan showed a slight elevation of diaphragm in patients operated for diaphragmatic laceration, even without recurrent hernia, while patients operated for eventration maintained postoperative ipercorrection. Conclusions. The use of prosthetic reinforcement after diaphragmatic surgery is safe and seems to ensure better and more stable results either in terms of pulmonary flows and paradoxical diaphragmatic movement (assessed through maximum inspiratory pressure) in patients operated for eventration. Large diaphragmatic tearings involving main branches of phrenic nerve are likely to cause diaphragm denervation; consequent underlying eventration may therefore impair postoperative functional results at long term follow-up if not adequately treated with prosthetic reinforcement as usual in our Institution for pure eventration.
Rapicetta, Cristian <1978>. "Risultati funzionali a lungo termine dopo sutura o plicatura del diaframma." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5267/.
Full textObjectives. To assess pulmonary and diaphragmatic function after diaphragmatic plication re-enforced by pericostal fixed mesh for eventration and repair of diaphragmatic hernia through reduction and direct suture. Methods. From 1996 to 2010, 10 patients with unilateral eventration and 6 patients with misunderstood chronic trans-diaphragmatic hernia underwent elective surgery. Preoperative and 12 months follow-up assessment included pulmonary function tests, measure of maximum inspiratory pressure in clino- and orthostasis, blood gas analysis, chest-CT scan and dyspnoea score. Results. Patients of the two groups did not differ in terms of preoperative lung function nor postoperative complications or in-hospital stay; at follow-up of 12 months, Eventration group showed significant improvement of FEV1% (+18,2 – p<0.001), FVC% (+12,8 – p<0.001), DLCO% (+6,84 – p=0,04) and pO2 (+9,8 mmHg – p<0.001). Conversely in Hernia group only pO2 gain was significant (+8.3 – p=0.04). Although Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) increased in both groups at follow-up, patients operated for hernia showed minor improvement with persistent significant fall of MIP passing from orthostasis to clinostasis (p<0.001). Transitional dyspnoea score reflected such improvements but no differences were found in gain between the two groups. CT-scan showed a slight elevation of diaphragm in patients operated for diaphragmatic laceration, even without recurrent hernia, while patients operated for eventration maintained postoperative ipercorrection. Conclusions. The use of prosthetic reinforcement after diaphragmatic surgery is safe and seems to ensure better and more stable results either in terms of pulmonary flows and paradoxical diaphragmatic movement (assessed through maximum inspiratory pressure) in patients operated for eventration. Large diaphragmatic tearings involving main branches of phrenic nerve are likely to cause diaphragm denervation; consequent underlying eventration may therefore impair postoperative functional results at long term follow-up if not adequately treated with prosthetic reinforcement as usual in our Institution for pure eventration.
Davoli, Fabio <1978>. "Carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule T1aN0M0: Ruolo prognostico della Microvessel Density." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6341/1/davoli_fabio_tesi.pdf.
Full textObjectives. To evaluate the degree of tumour angiogenesis detected by Microvessel Density (MVD) as a predictor of cancer-related death after surgical treatment in pT1aN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Demographic, surgical, and histopathological data, including MVD, were recorded for 82 patients (male, 60; female, 22; median age 68; range 36–82) who underwent surgical resection in two different Thoracic Surgery Units between January 2002 and December 2007 for pT1AN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer. MVD was assessed by visual count of microvessels immunostained with anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody and defined as the mean count of microvessels per 1-mm2 field area. MVD was then correlated with demographic and tumour-related variables and survival. Results. Fifty-nine lobectomies (72%) and 23 sublobar resections (28%) were performed; a systematic lymphadenectomy was always accomplished. Histopathological findings showed 43 Adenocarcinoma (52%) and 39 Non-adenocarcinoma (48%) pT1aN0M0 patients; mean tumour diameter was 18mm (range 7-20mm). Mean MVD was 161 (CD31/mm2), median=148, range 50-365. A cut-off was established at 150. High-MVDExpression (>150 CD31/mm2) was observed in 40 patients (49%), Low-MVD-Expression (≤ 150 CD31/mm2) in 42 patients (51%). Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log rank test. 5-years survivals were 70% and 95% for, respectively, the High-MVD-Expression-Group and the Low-MVDExpression- Group with a p=0,0041, statistically significant. Univariate analysis revealed type of surgical resection, tumour diameter , major comorbidities and histotype not to be significant predictors of disease-related death. MVD was found to be higher into the Adenocarcinoma-group (median MVD=180) versus the Non- Adenocarcinoma group (median MVD=125), with a statistically significant Mann-Whitney test (p < 0,0001). According to the Adenocarcinoma-subgroup, 5-years survival rates were 66% and 93% for, respectively, High-MVD-Expression and Low-MVD-Expression patients (p=0,043 statistically significant). Conclusions. Our study indicated that Microvessel Density assessed with CD31 immunostaining has a relevant prognostic value in early lung cancer pT1aN0M0.
Davoli, Fabio <1978>. "Carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule T1aN0M0: Ruolo prognostico della Microvessel Density." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6341/.
Full textObjectives. To evaluate the degree of tumour angiogenesis detected by Microvessel Density (MVD) as a predictor of cancer-related death after surgical treatment in pT1aN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Demographic, surgical, and histopathological data, including MVD, were recorded for 82 patients (male, 60; female, 22; median age 68; range 36–82) who underwent surgical resection in two different Thoracic Surgery Units between January 2002 and December 2007 for pT1AN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer. MVD was assessed by visual count of microvessels immunostained with anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody and defined as the mean count of microvessels per 1-mm2 field area. MVD was then correlated with demographic and tumour-related variables and survival. Results. Fifty-nine lobectomies (72%) and 23 sublobar resections (28%) were performed; a systematic lymphadenectomy was always accomplished. Histopathological findings showed 43 Adenocarcinoma (52%) and 39 Non-adenocarcinoma (48%) pT1aN0M0 patients; mean tumour diameter was 18mm (range 7-20mm). Mean MVD was 161 (CD31/mm2), median=148, range 50-365. A cut-off was established at 150. High-MVDExpression (>150 CD31/mm2) was observed in 40 patients (49%), Low-MVD-Expression (≤ 150 CD31/mm2) in 42 patients (51%). Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log rank test. 5-years survivals were 70% and 95% for, respectively, the High-MVD-Expression-Group and the Low-MVDExpression- Group with a p=0,0041, statistically significant. Univariate analysis revealed type of surgical resection, tumour diameter , major comorbidities and histotype not to be significant predictors of disease-related death. MVD was found to be higher into the Adenocarcinoma-group (median MVD=180) versus the Non- Adenocarcinoma group (median MVD=125), with a statistically significant Mann-Whitney test (p < 0,0001). According to the Adenocarcinoma-subgroup, 5-years survival rates were 66% and 93% for, respectively, High-MVD-Expression and Low-MVD-Expression patients (p=0,043 statistically significant). Conclusions. Our study indicated that Microvessel Density assessed with CD31 immunostaining has a relevant prognostic value in early lung cancer pT1aN0M0.
Perrone, Ottorino <1978>. "Metodiche di preservazione del polmone isolato per lo studio ecografico: Studio sperimentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6965/1/Perrone_Ottorino_tesi.pdf.
Full textThe primary focus of this dissertation is research about techniques and methods of isolated lung tissue preservation for sonographic investigation. Doctoral thedis describes the use of ultrasound probes in an experimental model and its clinical application during minimally invasive pulmonary surgery. The rationale of the study is based on the indication to surgical procedure and when is clinically in the treatment of solitary pulmonary nodules (<1 cm or greater but more central in visible appearance). In the era of CT screening programs, these lesions are more frequently diagnosed with advanced imaging techniques. Surgical procedure is therapeutic when a diagnosis of malignancy is obtained, but also diagnostic if we must correct the technique to the histologic pattern or ascertain pathological growth of the lesion. Thoracoscopic techniques offers several advantages over traditional "open" procedures but shows clinical limits. These mininimally invasive approaches do not allow to direct handling of tumor when is not macroscopically visible. Ultrasound have been successfully used to guide localization of pulmonary nodules. The experimental study compare different techniques of lung tissue preservation in a porcine model, the proceed to analysis of diagnostic performances related to a panel of echographic probes. More recently, a number of different techniques, adopted in lung transplantation programs, has been considered as useful for experimental anatomical study (EVLP) and several instruments of scientific research has been comceived for intrapulmomary localization of neoplastic lesions. These clinical techniques were originally applied in an animal porcine model, studied for scientific purpose, and described in a personal review of cases. Results of surgical interesr were related to scientific Literature in order to identify the possible role of echographic probes on clinical context.
Perrone, Ottorino <1978>. "Metodiche di preservazione del polmone isolato per lo studio ecografico: Studio sperimentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6965/.
Full textThe primary focus of this dissertation is research about techniques and methods of isolated lung tissue preservation for sonographic investigation. Doctoral thedis describes the use of ultrasound probes in an experimental model and its clinical application during minimally invasive pulmonary surgery. The rationale of the study is based on the indication to surgical procedure and when is clinically in the treatment of solitary pulmonary nodules (<1 cm or greater but more central in visible appearance). In the era of CT screening programs, these lesions are more frequently diagnosed with advanced imaging techniques. Surgical procedure is therapeutic when a diagnosis of malignancy is obtained, but also diagnostic if we must correct the technique to the histologic pattern or ascertain pathological growth of the lesion. Thoracoscopic techniques offers several advantages over traditional "open" procedures but shows clinical limits. These mininimally invasive approaches do not allow to direct handling of tumor when is not macroscopically visible. Ultrasound have been successfully used to guide localization of pulmonary nodules. The experimental study compare different techniques of lung tissue preservation in a porcine model, the proceed to analysis of diagnostic performances related to a panel of echographic probes. More recently, a number of different techniques, adopted in lung transplantation programs, has been considered as useful for experimental anatomical study (EVLP) and several instruments of scientific research has been comceived for intrapulmomary localization of neoplastic lesions. These clinical techniques were originally applied in an animal porcine model, studied for scientific purpose, and described in a personal review of cases. Results of surgical interesr were related to scientific Literature in order to identify the possible role of echographic probes on clinical context.
Micali, Vincenzo <1978>. "Perdite aeree prolungate dopo resezione polmonare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7183/1/PERDITE_AEREE_PROLUNGATE_DOPO_RESEZIONE_POLMONARE_Tesi_1.pdf.
Full textLung cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancer in 1985 and still remains the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. A full anatomical lung resection remains the mainstay of therapy for non-small cell cancer. Prolonged air leak (PAL) are the most common complication following a lung surgery and were reported with an incidence of between 3-26%, similar in both pulmonary resection by thoracotomy and in those thoracoscopic. Risk factors described are incomplete interlobar fissures, lung diseases underlying (such as emphysema, fibrosis, tuberculosis or malignancy), pleural adhesions, elderly patients (> 75 years) and low capacity to spread. The development of modern equipment and new surgical techniques has helped to reduce the incidence of these complications. Considering the high clinical impact and socio-economic problems of these, and was also developed a variety of complementary natural and synthetic materials useful in the management of many air leak.
Micali, Vincenzo <1978>. "Perdite aeree prolungate dopo resezione polmonare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7183/.
Full textLung cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancer in 1985 and still remains the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. A full anatomical lung resection remains the mainstay of therapy for non-small cell cancer. Prolonged air leak (PAL) are the most common complication following a lung surgery and were reported with an incidence of between 3-26%, similar in both pulmonary resection by thoracotomy and in those thoracoscopic. Risk factors described are incomplete interlobar fissures, lung diseases underlying (such as emphysema, fibrosis, tuberculosis or malignancy), pleural adhesions, elderly patients (> 75 years) and low capacity to spread. The development of modern equipment and new surgical techniques has helped to reduce the incidence of these complications. Considering the high clinical impact and socio-economic problems of these, and was also developed a variety of complementary natural and synthetic materials useful in the management of many air leak.
Lopci, Egesta <1979>. "Ruolo dell'imaging molecolare nella valutazione dell'ipossia nei tumori solidi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7315/4/TESI_DOTTORATO_SCIENZE_MEDICHE_SPECIALISTICHE_XXVIII_CICLO_LOPCI_Egesta.pdf.
Full textHypoxia is a pathological condition caused by a reduced oxygen supply at the tissue level. Since the 60’s, Tomlinson and Gray have demonstrated the presence of regions of poor oxygenation in lung cancer, and noted that this characteristic of tumor microenvironment is associated to increased resistance to radiotherapy. The detection of hypoxia in tumors is therefore of utmost clinical relevance, because tumor aggressiveness, metastatic drift, failure to disease control, increased risk of recurrence and ultimately poor outcome are associated with hypoxia. In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in developing methods for the assessment of tumor oxygenation. These methods can be invasive, such as the polarographic O2-sensor, or non-invasive, mainly based on imaging techniques. Imaging modalities are undoubtedly the most appealing techniques for this purpose, because they guarantee an all-encompassing visualization of the pathological tissue and can identify the phenomenon even at sites inaccessible to invasive procedures. Among the image-based modalities for hypoxia assessment, positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the most extensively investigated, because it offers: (a) broad assortment of radiopharmaceuticals; (b) good intrinsic resolution; (c) three-dimensional (3D) tumor representation; (d) (semi)quantification of the hypoxic burden; (e) patient friendliness, and (f) reproducibility. The object of the current thesis is to investigate the role of molecular imaging with PET in cancer hypoxia. The text is divided into four different sessions focused on giving at first an insight on principal radiopharmaceuticals applied for hypoxia imaging (Session-1), then concentrating on the correlation of tissue expression of hypoxia and imaging findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT (Session-2). The next two sessions will analyze the prognostic impact of the hypoxia-specific tracer (64Cu-ATSM) in solid tumors (Session-3), followed by a sophisticated ad hoc computer-aided fractal geometry based analysis of DICOM images for early and late acquisitions on 64Cu-ATSM PET/CT in solid tumors (Session-4).
Lopci, Egesta <1979>. "Ruolo dell'imaging molecolare nella valutazione dell'ipossia nei tumori solidi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7315/.
Full textHypoxia is a pathological condition caused by a reduced oxygen supply at the tissue level. Since the 60’s, Tomlinson and Gray have demonstrated the presence of regions of poor oxygenation in lung cancer, and noted that this characteristic of tumor microenvironment is associated to increased resistance to radiotherapy. The detection of hypoxia in tumors is therefore of utmost clinical relevance, because tumor aggressiveness, metastatic drift, failure to disease control, increased risk of recurrence and ultimately poor outcome are associated with hypoxia. In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in developing methods for the assessment of tumor oxygenation. These methods can be invasive, such as the polarographic O2-sensor, or non-invasive, mainly based on imaging techniques. Imaging modalities are undoubtedly the most appealing techniques for this purpose, because they guarantee an all-encompassing visualization of the pathological tissue and can identify the phenomenon even at sites inaccessible to invasive procedures. Among the image-based modalities for hypoxia assessment, positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the most extensively investigated, because it offers: (a) broad assortment of radiopharmaceuticals; (b) good intrinsic resolution; (c) three-dimensional (3D) tumor representation; (d) (semi)quantification of the hypoxic burden; (e) patient friendliness, and (f) reproducibility. The object of the current thesis is to investigate the role of molecular imaging with PET in cancer hypoxia. The text is divided into four different sessions focused on giving at first an insight on principal radiopharmaceuticals applied for hypoxia imaging (Session-1), then concentrating on the correlation of tissue expression of hypoxia and imaging findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT (Session-2). The next two sessions will analyze the prognostic impact of the hypoxia-specific tracer (64Cu-ATSM) in solid tumors (Session-3), followed by a sophisticated ad hoc computer-aided fractal geometry based analysis of DICOM images for early and late acquisitions on 64Cu-ATSM PET/CT in solid tumors (Session-4).
Salati, Michele <1974>. "Impact of the Video-Assisted Lobectomy Approach on Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life of Lung Cancer Patients." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7317/1/Salati_Michele_tesi.pdf.
Full textSalati, Michele <1974>. "Impact of the Video-Assisted Lobectomy Approach on Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life of Lung Cancer Patients." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7317/.
Full textGallerani, Giulia <1986>. "Circulating Tumor Cells Investigation in Esophageal Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7343/1/gallerani_giulia_tesi.pdf.
Full textGallerani, Giulia <1986>. "Circulating Tumor Cells Investigation in Esophageal Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7343/.
Full textGuarize, Juliana <1979>. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the identification of chemo-resistance markers through genomic investigation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8455/1/TESI%20PhD_04.12.2017.pdf.
Full textZampieri, Davide <1986>. "Left orthotopic lung transplant in rats: the learning process." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9163/1/Zampieri%20Davide%20Tesi%20Dottorato.pdf.
Full textIsidori, Federica <1990>. "Addressing tumor heterogeneity in esophageal adenocarcinoma through different molecular approaches." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9297/1/ISIDORI_FEDERICA_tesi.pdf.
Full textCasiraghi, Monica <1976>. "Robotic Approach in the Treatment of Locally Advanced (Stage IIIA-pN2) non Small Cell Lung Cancer after Induction Therapy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9575/1/Tesi.pdf.
Full textScarnecchia, Elisa <1985>. "Prognostic significance of pulmonary multifocal neuroendocrine proliferation with typical carcinoid." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9588/1/Tesi%20Scarnecchia.pdf.
Full textPotenza, Rossella <1987>. "Adattamento morfologico e variazione dell'espressione genica dopo pneumonectomia: osservazioni su modello sperimentale animale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10069/1/PhD%20POTENZA.pdf.
Full textIntroduction Pneumonectomy on animal model could be useful to investigate mechanisms of the compensatory response to lung damage. Aim of the study is to determine the presence of morphological and transcriptome expression changes after pneumonectomy. Materials and methods Eleven pigs underwent left pneumonectomy. Intraoperative site-specific samples were performed on the left lung and subsequently compared with site-specific samples on the right lung after euthanasia at 60 days. The samples of the animals with a uneventful course were subjected to RNA-sequencing and subsequent computational analysis to evaluate the functional weight of the single gene or of clusters of genes. Results One animal was excluded for diaphragmatic hernia. In 7/10 mediastinal pleura was interrupted with partial herniation of the remaining lung and mediastinal shift. Histology showed dilation of the air spaces, rupture of the interalveolar septa, mild inflammation, absence of fibrosis, radial stretching of the bronchi and reduction of the capillary bed. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis identified 553 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (P <0.001) between pre and post-pneumonectomy state. The top 10 up-regulated DEGs: Edn1, Areg, Havcr2, Gadd45g, Depp1, Cldn4, Atf3, Myc, Gadd45b, Socs3; the top 10 down-regulated genes: Obscn, Cdkn2b, ENSSSCG00000015738, Prrt2, Amer1, Flrt3, Efnb2, Tox3, Znf793, Znf365. A predominance of macrophage-specific genes was found among the DEGs. The DAVID-based gene ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of the "extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway" (FDR q = 7.60x10 -3), of the "Insulin response" pathway (FDR q = 7.60x10 - 3) and of “DDX58 / IFIH1 negative regulators” genes (FDR q = 7.50x10 -4). Conclusions The present study confirms the presence of macroscopic and microscopic phenotypic variations after pneumonectomy. This translational genomics study showed the existence of individual genes and networks of genes which resulted disregulated after pneumonectomy, mainly in certain cell populations.
Girelli, Lara <1984>. "Surgery after biological therapy in locally advanced NSCLC with molecular driver: feasibility and effectiveness of a new multidisciplinary approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10142/1/TESI%20DOTTORATO%20GIRELLI%20LARA-2022.pdf.
Full textPacini, Davide <1968>. "Studio sul ruolo dei fattori genetici coinvolti nella Valvola Aortica Bicuspide e/o nell'Aneurisma dell'Aorta Toracica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7119/2/Tesi_Bav_definitiva_.pdf.
Full textThe bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality, with an incidence of 0.5% -2% in the general population. BAV is characterized by the presence of two valve cusps rather than three, and includes various forms. BAV is frequently associated with thoracic aorta aneurysms (TAA).The pathological dilatation of the aorta exposes these patients at risk of acute aortic complications associated with aneurysms, including dissection or rupture. Materials and methods We recruited 20 consecutive probands who underwent surgery of the aortic valve and ascending aorta at the Cardiac Surgery Unit of Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi for TAA associated with BAV, and who had their first degree relatives available. Individuals with a syndromic condition predisposing to aortic aneurysm were excluded. Each first degree family member (age> 18 years old) was recruited. Mutational analysis of the entire ACTA2 gene by bidirectional direct sequencing of amplified genomic DNA fragment with intron-based was performed. In the familiar forms, the entire coding portion of the genoma was done using the exome sequencing. Results After sequencing all 20 exons and splice junctions of ACTA2 in our 20 probands, no mutation was detected.Seventy-seven first-degree familiar members were enrolled in our study.Five familiar cases are identified: 2 of these underwent surgery for BAV and one for BAV+TAA.In one family we found a mutation on MYH11 gene but it was considered not pathogenic. Conclusion The lack of ACTA2 mutations, both in sporadic and in familiar forms, suggests that this gene is not involved in the development of BAV and TAA and their association, which was reported, has to be considerate occasional. In conclusion, the genetic architecture of the BAV would likely consist of several genetic variants that interact in an additive in determining an increased risk of development of BAV and dilatation of the thoracic aorta.
Pacini, Davide <1968>. "Studio sul ruolo dei fattori genetici coinvolti nella Valvola Aortica Bicuspide e/o nell'Aneurisma dell'Aorta Toracica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7119/.
Full textThe bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality, with an incidence of 0.5% -2% in the general population. BAV is characterized by the presence of two valve cusps rather than three, and includes various forms. BAV is frequently associated with thoracic aorta aneurysms (TAA).The pathological dilatation of the aorta exposes these patients at risk of acute aortic complications associated with aneurysms, including dissection or rupture. Materials and methods We recruited 20 consecutive probands who underwent surgery of the aortic valve and ascending aorta at the Cardiac Surgery Unit of Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi for TAA associated with BAV, and who had their first degree relatives available. Individuals with a syndromic condition predisposing to aortic aneurysm were excluded. Each first degree family member (age> 18 years old) was recruited. Mutational analysis of the entire ACTA2 gene by bidirectional direct sequencing of amplified genomic DNA fragment with intron-based was performed. In the familiar forms, the entire coding portion of the genoma was done using the exome sequencing. Results After sequencing all 20 exons and splice junctions of ACTA2 in our 20 probands, no mutation was detected.Seventy-seven first-degree familiar members were enrolled in our study.Five familiar cases are identified: 2 of these underwent surgery for BAV and one for BAV+TAA.In one family we found a mutation on MYH11 gene but it was considered not pathogenic. Conclusion The lack of ACTA2 mutations, both in sporadic and in familiar forms, suggests that this gene is not involved in the development of BAV and TAA and their association, which was reported, has to be considerate occasional. In conclusion, the genetic architecture of the BAV would likely consist of several genetic variants that interact in an additive in determining an increased risk of development of BAV and dilatation of the thoracic aorta.
Duranti, L. "NUOVE TECNICHE DI RICOSTRUZIONE DOPO RESEZIONE MAGGIORI DELLA PARETE TORACICA MEDIANTE APPLICAZIONE DI PROTESI BIO-COMPATIBILI E CELLULE STAMINALI AUTOLOGHE: DALLA SOSTITUZIONE AL RIMODELLING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233156.
Full textBille', A. "RUOLO DELLA CHIRURGIA NEL TRATTAMENTO DEI PAZIENTI CON MESOTELIOMA PLEURICO MALIGNO:ANALISI RETROSPETTIVA E STUDIO PROSPETTICO RANDOMIZZATO SULLA CHIRURGIA DOPO CHEMIOTERAPIA VS SOLA CHEMIOTERAPIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/329211.
Full textBackground Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive disease with approximately 2500 newly diagnosed cases each year in USA and about 5000 in Western Europe. Median survival is 6 to 9 months from the diagnosis, and 6-month, 1 and 5-year overall survival are 55%, 33%, and 5%, respectively. Chemotherapy alone for advanced stages, or in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy for resectable disease, is the mainstay of treatment. Surgery with pleurectomy / decortication (P/D) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) can be an option for selected patients with resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Since 2003, the combination of pemetrexed and cisplatin has been the standard first-line treatment based on the results of a phase III trial showing almost a 3 month improvement in median survival over treatment with cisplatin alone. Various prognostic factors for survival in MPM have been described. Previous prognostic scoring systems for MPM included patients managed surgically and predated the use of pemetrexed. The most significant prognostic factor remains histology: epithelioid mesothelioma is the subtype with the best prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pleurectomy decortication on the outcome of patients with MPM. A randomized phase III multicenter controlled trial, called PASS trial was established to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by pleurectomy decortication versus chemotherapy alone. Also, a European Registry was created to collect data on surgical patients with mesothelioma not enrolled in any trials. Before enrolling patients in the PASS trial, we analyzed prognostic factors in a retrospective cohort of patients treated with chemotherapy or surgical resection and in a contemporary cohort of patients with unresectable MPM who received pemetrexed-based chemotherapy. Moreover a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and the safety of the naodjuvant chemotherapy followed by pleurectomy/decortication. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 1365 consecutive patients with histologically proven MPM, treated from 1982 to 2012 in six Italian Institutions (Spedali Civili Brescia, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità Novara, San Luigi Hospital Orbassano (Torino), Policlinico hospital Milan, IRCCS San Martino Genova, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan). Patients received chemotherapy alone (n=172) or best supportive care (n=690) or surgical treatment (n=503), by either P/D (n=202) or EPP (n=301) with or without chemotherapy. Then a single institution analysis included MPM patients managed non-surgically from 2000-2013 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Variables correlated with overall survival (OS) included sex, performance status (PS), asbestos exposure, tumor laterality, histology, clinical stage, initial PET maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax), hemoglobin, platelet, lymphocyte, white cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts, treatment type, and clinical benefit from treatment. The pilot study included patients receiving induction pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, followed by pleuectomy decortication from September 2012 and August 2014. Postoperative morbidity and mortality and OS were analyzed. The PASS trial is a multicentric randomized trial with 2 arms. Patients were randomized at the end of the chemotherapy in 2 groups: follow up group and surgical group (pleurectomy/decortication). OS was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, and significance (p<0.05) of prognostic factors was analyzed by log-rank test and Cox regression. Results: After a median follow-up of 6.7 years (range 1.1-14.8), 230 (16.8%) patients were alive in the Italian retrospective study; median survival for patients who received palliative treatment or chemotherapy alone, P/D and EPP were 11.7 (95%CI: 10.5-12.5), 20.5 (95%CI: 18.2-23.1), and 18.8 (95%CI: 17.2-20.9) months, respectively. The 30 day mortality was 2.6% after P/D and 4.1% after EPP (p=0.401). According to multivariate analysis (n=1227) age < 70, epithelial histology and chemotherapy were independent favourable prognostic factors. In the subset of 313 (25.5%) patients with all favourable prognostic factors median survival was 18.6 months after medical therapy alone, 24.6 months after P/D, and 20.9 months after EPP (p=0.596). In the MSKCC contemporary series191 patients were included: median age 71 years (range 46-90), 147 (77%) male, 128 (67%) epithelioid tumors, 157 (82%) stage III-IV. Median OS for all patients was 13.4 months. By univariate analysis, histology (p<0.001), platelet count (≤450,000 vs >450,000 p<0.001), initial PS (0-1 versus ≥ 2), SUVmax (> or ≤8.1, p=0.037), and lymphocyte counts (p=0.019) were associated with OS. By multivariable analysis, only histology, platelet count and PS were independent prognostic factors. Epithelioid histology, PS and elevated lymphocyte count at diagnosis were significantly associated with clinical benefit from first-line chemotherapy. Patients who experienced clinical benefit from chemotherapy had a better median OS of 16.8 months (95% CI 14.8 – 20.1) and 1-year survival rate of 70% compared to patients who did not demonstrate clinical benefit, with a median OS of 6.5 months (95% CI 5.4 – 8.5) and 1-year survival rate of 22%. In the pilot study 16 patients were included and treated at the Fondazione IRCCS istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy: cisplatin and pemetrexed (n=14), carboplatin and pemetrexed (n=1) or pemetrexed alone (n=1). Median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4 (range 3-8), followed by pleurectomy and decortication. Postoperative mortality was nil and the morbidity was 37%. The median OS was 22.8 months (95% CI 19.4 -26.1), with 1 and 3-year survival of 93% and 51%, respectively. During the follow up 4 paients died for mesothelioma, 12 patints were still live with a median follow up of 11 months (range 4 – 22 months). Among the 12 patients still alive, 3 were free of disease at 10, 11 and 15 months from the surgery. The remaining 9 patients recurred with a median interval of 6 months: 6 presented with a pleural local recurrence and 3 with a distant recurrence with bone metastasis (n=2) and gengival metastasis (n=1). Pass trial started in Secember 2013, until February 2015 20 patients had been evaluated and 12 were enrolled. Six patients underwent chemotherapy followed by pleurectomy decortication and 6 patients were treated with only chemotherapy and all of them are still under regular follow up. The European registry of mesothelioma, based on patients not involved in prospective studies on surgical treatment for mesothelioma, collected 3000 cases retrospectively and 11 centers so far are collecting data prospectively. Conclusions Our retrospective data from the Italian study suggest that patients with good prognostic factors had a similar survival whether they received medical therapy only, P/D or EPP. The modest benefit observed after surgery over medical treatment requires further investigation. Our results also confirm the significance of elements of the CALGB and EORTC prognostic scoring systems, identify factors associated with clinical benefit from chemotherapy, and emphasize the impact of histology and clinical benefit of chemotherapy on outcomes. A large multicenter randomized trial, testing P/D after induction chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in MPM patients with good prognostic factors, and a prospective European registry on surgical patients with mesothelioma are the best way to assess the real impact of the surgical treatment on survival.
RENA, OTTAVIO. "Trattamento multimodale del timoma invasivo stadio IV A." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1030.
Full textObjective. To evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of a multimodal treatment in the management of stage IVA thymoma at first diagnosis. Material and methods. From 1990 to 2007, 27 patients affected by stage IVA thymoma underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and subsequent mediastinal radiation therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of 4 courses of platinum-based chemotherapy administered every 3 weeks; adjuvant radiation therapy consisted of 45 to 60 Gy administered by a 10MeV linear accelerator to the whole mediastinum and previous tumour bed. Results. There were 14 males and 13 females, mean age was 48.5 years (range 29-68). Not specific symptoms were present in 20 cases and thymus-related syndromes were reported in 6 (4 myasthenia gravis, 1 LES, 1 pure red aplasia). Histological subtypes were confirmed before patients’ enrolment: there were 1 AB, 3 B1, 5 B2, 8 B3, 4 mixed B1-B2, 3 mixed B1-B3 and 3 mixed B2-B3 thymomas. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated in all cases with a mild to moderate related toxicity; 25 out of 27 patients manifested a clinical and radiological response to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and received subsequent surgery. Thymomas, residual thymic tissue and tumour involved organs were resected together with the pleural implants: 1 extrapleural pneumonectomy, 1 pneumonectomy, 3 pulmonary lobectomy, 12 wedge lung resections, 25 limited to complete parietal pleurectomy, 18 pericardiectomy, 5 innominate and vena cava resection, 5 diaphragmatic resection, 3 limited chest wall resection and 2 phrenic nerve resection were carried out. Gross residual disease was left behind because of massive involvement of great vessels in 7 cases and bilateral phrenic nerve in 2, whereas 16 patients received complete macroscopic resection (64%). Postoperative mortality and morbidity were null and 24%, respectively. Adjuvant radiation therapy was administered to all patients (mean 57 Gy, range 55-61) with a minimal related toxicity. Mean follow-up was 87 months (range 29-147) and 10-years disease-related and disease-free survival were 68% and 39%, respectively. Disease-related survival at 10-years was 80% and 41% when complete and incomplete resection were compared (p=0.03); disease-related survival at 8-years was 66% and 19% when non-B3 and B3 thymoma were compared (p=0.016). Conclusions. Multimodal management based on induction chemotherapy, subsequent surgery and postoperative mediastinal radiation allows a good complete resection rate and it is demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment to warrant a good long-term survival in stage IVA thymoma patients.
Mendogni, P. "TRAPIANTO DI POLMONE E PRIMARY GRAFT DYSFUNCTION: ANALISI DEI FATTORI DI RISCHIO ED OUTCOME." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233154.
Full textPrimary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) is a severe form of acute damage after lung transplantation. There are several studies that have identified risk factors related to donor, recipient and operative variables for the developing of severe PGD (grade 3). The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors for PGD in a lung tranplantation center with low volume of procedures per year and to compare these data with the literature. The study analyzed retrospectively 45 lung transplantations performed from January 2011 to September 2013. The overall incidence of Grade 3 PGD was 35,5%, 17,7% and 15,5% at 24, 48, 72 hours after trasplantation respectively. We noticed the following risk factors associated to Grade 3 PGD at T24: recipient female gender, ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation, donor cause of death different from stroke and trauma, blood transfusions during surgery, intraoperative veno-arterial ECMO. At T48 the only risk factor identified was the use of ECMO as bridge. At T72 the risk factors identified were: mixed diagnoses and donor cause of death different from stroke and trauma. The risk factors in our lung transplantation center are similar to the data reported in literature.
FURIA, SIMONE. "VALUE NOT DUMP." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217616.
Full textABSTRACT Introduction. Repair damaged tissue to prevent postoperative complications and save healthy tissue to ensure good respiratory function are two of the objectives of the thoracic surgeon. Over the years have been introduced in clinical practice numerous synthetic products that are able to simulate the mechanical and physiological characteristics of the damaged tissue, but in the face of high costs, do not always guarantee stable results. The autologous adipose stem cells (ASC) is proposed as a new strategy to promote the repair of tissues after surgery. Research Project. The lipocentrifugated with the ASC has been subjected to a pre-clinical evaluation using in vitro and in vivo assays to test the reparative potential on lung tissue and to clarify the supposed tumorigenic effect of any residual neoplastic. The clinical study was performed on 20 pulmonary metastasectomies performed using last generation laser (wavelength 2010nm). The main endpoints of the study were: 1) the feasibility of pulmonary metastasectomy with Thulium laser (2010nm), 2) incidence of postoperative prolonged air leak (> 7 days) 3) feasibility of the harvesting of stem cells at the level of thoracotomy on the basis the cell count stem 4) impact of this type of procedure on respiratory function. Clinical Results. We had no perioperative death. After removal of lesions located deep in the parenchyma, 4 patients developed prolonged air leaks. In one patient the pleural drain was removed in POD 13 and 3 patients were discharged with a chest tube connected to the valve Heimlich. Redo surgery to improve the aerostasis was not required. One patient developed a hematoma at the site of collection of adipose tissue and 4 cases of fever have been resolved with antibiotic therapy. The mesenchymal stem cells were detected in concentrations> 1% in 13 cases. Age, sex, preoperative chemotherapy and body mass index did not affect the number of stem cells. No significant reduction in terms of lung function was measured after surgery. No synthetic materials were used. Conclusions. Our study shows that the fat tissue collected at the level of the subcutaneous layer of the thoracotomy is a useful source of stem cells. The advantages brought by this technique can be measured in terms of respiratory function. With a median follow-up of 16 months no recurrence was observed at the site of application of centrifuged fat graft.
MINEO, DAVIDE. "Variations of inflammatory mediators and α1-antitrypsin levels after lung-volume-reduction surgery for emphysema." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/208592.
Full textRationale. In emphysema, chronic inflammation, including protease-antiprotease imbalance, is responsible for declining pulmonary function and progressive cachexia. Objective. To evaluate variations of inflammatory mediators and α1-antitrypsin levels after lung-volume-reduction surgery compared to respiratory rehabilitation. Methods. Twenty-eight patients with moderate-to-severe emphysema, who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lung-volume-reduction surgery, were compared to 26 similar patients, who refused operation and followed a standardized rehabilitation program, and to a matched healthy group. Respiratory function, body composition, circulating inflammatory mediators and α1-antitrypsin levels were evaluated pre- and 12-month post-treatment. Gene expression levels of inflammatory mediators and protease-antiprotease were assessed in emphysematous specimens from 17 operated patients by matching to normal tissue from resection margins. Measurements and main results. Significant improvements were only obtained after surgery in respiratory function (one-second forced expiratory volume +25.2%, p<0.0001; residual volume -19.5%, p<0.0001; diffusion lung-capacity for carbon-monoxide +3.3%, p<0.05) and body composition (fat-free mass +6.5%, p<0.01; fat mass +11.9%, p<0.01), with decrement of circulating inflammatory mediators (tumor-necrosis-factor-α -22.2%, p<0.001; interleukin-6 -24.5%, p<0.001; interleukin-8 -20.0%, p<0.001) and increment of antiprotease levels (α1-antitrypsin +27.0%, p<0.001). Supportive gene expression analysis demonstrated active inflammation and protease hyperactivity in the resected emphysematous tissue. Reduction of tumor-necrosis-factor-α and interleukin-6 and increment of α1-antitrypsin levels significantly correlated with reduction of residual volume (p=0.03, p=0.009, p=0.001, respectively), and partially with increment of fat-free mass (p=0.03, p=0.02, p=0.09, respectively). Conclusions. Lung-volume-reduction surgery significantly reduced circulating inflammatory mediators and increased antiprotease levels over respiratory rehabilitation, also improving respiratory function and nutritional status. Correlations of inflammatory mediators and antiprotease levels with residual volume and partly with body composition suggests that elimination of inflammatory emphysematous tissue may explain clinical improvements after surgery.
Schiavon, Marco. "Clinical, morphological and molecular characterization of cancer phenotypes associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): new prospective of target therapies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426304.
Full textINTRODUZIONE La BPCO e il tumore polmonare sono due malattie catastrofiche e rappresentano alcune tra le principali cause di morbilità e mortalità in tutto il mondo. Sebbene il trattamento di queste patologie è notevolmente migliorato negli ultimi anni, esse continuano a presentare una crescente incidenza e soprattutto un andamento clinico non prevedibile a priori. Lo stesso termine "tumore polmonare non a piccole cellule (NSCLC)" comprende un gruppo di malattie neoplastiche con caratteristiche cliniche e molecolari estremamente eterogenee. Diversi studi hanno ormai fermamente stabilito la stretta connessione tra la BPCO e il cancro del polmone evidenziando anche l'importanza della risposta infiammatoria agli stimoli nocivi, in particolare il fumo di sigaretta, come fattore di rischio fondamentale per entrambe le malattie. La teoria infiammatoria è senza dubbio uno dei paradigmi più affascinanti per collegare la BPCO e il tumore polmonare e ha acquisito un nuovo impulso dalle più recenti scoperte nella patogenesi della BPCO. Infatti, sono emerse in questo campo evidenze importanti che hanno sottolineato il ruolo fondamentale di risposte immunitarie adattative, anche con una componente autoimmune dovuta sia al riconoscimento di auto-antigeni polmonari modificati dal fumo di sigaretta sia al fallimento dei meccanismi che regolano la tolleranza immunologica. In questo contesto, le neoplasie a insorgenza in pazienti con BPCO, per effetto sinergico del fumo e di una specifica infiammazione cronica, potrebbero possedere specifiche caratteristiche patogenetiche e morfologiche, differenti da tumori di altre popolazioni non affette da BPCO. SCOPO DELLA RICERCA Questo progetto di ricerca si concentra sullo studio del cancro del polmone nei pazienti con BPCO comparandolo a due gruppi di controllo, composti da fumatori sani e pazienti non fumatori, al fine di individuare distinti fenotipi neoplastici dal punto di vista bioumorale, morfologico e molecolare. MATERIALI E METODI Dal 2010 al 2012, sono stati arruolati nello studio pazienti con NSCLC in sede periferica sottoposti a resezione polmonare anatomica (lobectomia, bilobectomia o pneumonectomia) associata a linfadenectomia sistematica. I pazienti con neoplasia a carico delle vie aeree centrali, con tumore polmonare secondario o precedentemente sottoposti a trattamento chemioradioterapico sono stati esclusi dal progetto. Ogni paziente è stato sottoposto ad una completa valutazione clinica e strumentale, che ha compreso i test di funzionalità polmonare polmonari (i criteri GOLD sono stati utilizzati per identificare i pazienti con BPCO), radiografia del torace/TAC torace/18FDG PET-TC analisi del sangue. I pazienti sono stati poi divisi in 3 gruppi in base alle prove funzionali respiratorie e alla storia di fumo: pazienti con BPCO, soggetti fumatori e pazienti non fumatori con funzione polmonare normale (rapporto FEV1/FVC> 70%). Lo studio istologico della neoplasia è stato caratterizzato da: stadiazione pTNM, analisi morfometrica del pattern di crescita (secondo l'ultima revisione della classificazione del cancro del polmone), proliferazione cellulare (mediante valutazione dell’espressione di Ki67/MIB1), i parametri di rimodellamento intra-e peri-tumorale (infiammazione, fibrosi, necrosi) e la caratterizzazione del pattern citochinico di IL-17 a livello peri-e intra-tumorale. Infine è stata eseguita l'analisi genetica delle mutazioni dei geni EGFR e KRAS. RISULTATI Nel periodo di studio sono stati inizialmente arruolati 66 pazienti che rispettavano i criteri di inclusione/esclusione, di cui 16 BPCO, 32 fumatori senza BPCO e 18 non fumatori. Poiché i criteri di selezione hanno profondamente condizionato il profilo istologico predominante, con una netta prevalenza dell’istotipo adenocarcinoma (63% nella BPCO, 71% nei fumatori e 56% nei non fumatori), abbiamo deciso di condurre la valutazione neoplastica funzionale, morfologica, molecolare solo nell’ istologia prevalente. Pertanto, il gruppo di studio è risultato composto da 43 pazienti (10 BPCO, 23 fumatori, 10 non fumatori), che presentavano comparabili dati demografici e funzionali ad eccezione del rapporto maschio/ femmina, invertito nei non fumatori, per la funzione polmonare, ridotta nei pazienti con BPCO. Dato l'obiettivo specifico, il confronto dei differenti dati clinici, morfologici e molecolari è stato svolto prevalentemente all'interno della categoria dei soggetti fumatori (pazienti affetti da BPCO e fumatori senza BPCO), mentre i pazienti con storia negativa di fumo hanno rappresentato il gruppo di controllo.Da un punto di vista clinico, le più rimarcabili differenze sono emerse a livello del numero di basofili nel sangue periferico e del valore di standard uptake value (SUV) all’indagine PET-TC. Infatti i pazienti con BPCO hanno mostrato un numero significativamente superiore di basofili e un SUV inferiore rispetto ai soggetti fumatori senza BPCO. Per quanto riguarda la valutazione istologica, gli adenocarcinomi nei pazienti con BPCO hanno presentato un aumento del pattern lepidico, con riduzione della componente solida e una più bassa espressione del Ki67/MIB1 rispetto ai tumori dello stesso istotipo insorti in soggetti fumatori senza BPCO. Si è evidenziata una maggiore rappresentazione della componente necrotica negli adenocarcinomi dei pazienti fumatori, con o senza BPCO, rispetto al gruppo dei non fumatori. Infine un forte ma non significativo aumento di IL-17 è stato osservata nei casi con BPCO rispetto ai fumatori. L’analisi molecolare ha permesso di osservare, come dato più rilevante, un trend di ridotta frequenza di mutazione di KRAS negli adenocarcinomi dei pazienti con BPCO rispetto alle neoplasie del gruppo dei fumatori. CONCLUSIONI Gli adenocarcinomi correlati alla BPCO sono emersi presentare caratteristiche cliniche, morfologiche e molecolari di minore aggressività (aumento del numero di basofili, ridotto SUVmax alla PET-TC, aumento della componente lepidica, ridotti pattern solido e proliferazione cellulare e meno frequente mutazione di K-RAS) rispetto alle neoplasie insorte in pazienti fumatori senza BPCO. Vie alternative di carcinogenesi potrebbero essere coinvolte nello sviluppo/progressione del tumore polmonare dei pazienti con BPCO. Data l'importanza dell'infiammazione nella patogenesi di questa malattia polmonare, altri meccanismi, quale il pathway di IL-17, potrebbero essere cruciali per lo sviluppo cancerogenetico principalmente mediato dall’infiammazione. La conoscenza di questi meccanismi potrebbe essere di notevole aiuto nella lotta contro il tumore polmonare soprattutto per quanto riguarda nuove prospettive terapeutiche, fornendo le basi per sviluppare trattamenti mirati e con maggiore efficacia.
Marulli, Giuseppe. "Detection of Squamos Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA) in early and end stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): molecular substrates and clinico-pathological correlations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426462.
Full textINTRODUZIONE La fibrosi polmonare idiopatica (FPI), caratterizzata morfologicamente dal correlato patologico di polmonite interstiziale usuale (UIP), rappresenta una malattia ad eziologia sconosciuta, ad andamento progressivo e prognosi infausta. Gli elementi anatomo-patologici cardine sono il danno/attivazione epiteliale, la formazione di foci fibroblastici/miofibroblastici ed il rimodellamento della matrice extracellulare. La teoria patogenetica più accreditata attribuisce un ruolo determinante alla disfunzione epiteliale alveolare. Il danno epiteliale ed i successivi meccanismi deregolati di riparo portano al rilascio di citochine pro-fibrogenetiche (come il TGF-b1) con conseguente attivazione e proliferazione di cellule mesenchimali. Di conseguenza, l’instabilità epiteliale sembra un elemento cruciale nello sviluppo e progressione della malattia, inclusa la trasformazione neoplastica. Pochi markers molecolari sono stati studiati e descritti fino ad ora nella FPI, per meglio chiarire i meccanismi patogenetici della malattia. Lo squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) è un inibitore delle serin proteasi (serpine) fisiologicamente presente nell’epitelio squamoso normale e specificamente espresso dalle cellule displastiche e neoplastiche epiteliali di varia origine, più spesso nei tumori a cellule squamose. Non sono ancora disponibili informazioni specifiche sulla sua espressione nella FPI. MATERIALI E METODI In questo studio abbiamo analizzato l’espressione di SCCA e TGF-b1 in tessuto polmonare ottenuto da biopsie chirurgiche di 22 pazienti affetti da FPI in stadio clinico iniziale (Gruppo A), in polmoni nativi di 48 pazienti con malattia end-stage e sottoposti a trapianto di polmone (Gruppo B) e in 20 polmoni controllo (Gruppo C, 10 polmoni normali ottenuti da donatori cadaveri, 10 polmoni di pazienti affetti da altre malattie interstiziali). Abbiamo inoltre condotto uno studio in vitro utilizzando pneumociti della linea A549, per investigare il rapporto tra la produzione di SCCA e l’espressione di TGF-b1. L’espressione di SCCA e TGF-b1 nelle cellule epiteliali è stata valutata con tecniche di immunoistochimica e reazione a catena della polimerasi-trascrizione inversa (RT-PCR). La produzione di TGF-b1 nei pneumoniti A549 incubati a diverse concentrazioni di SCCA è stata verificata con real time PCR. La valutazione quantitativa immunoistochimica di SCCA e TGF-b1 è stata eseguita in ciascun campione contando almeno 500 cellule cuboidali. Una valutazione quantitativa dei differenti parametri patologici (fibrosi, foci fibroblastici e honeycombing) è stata eseguita ugualmente in ciascun campione. I dati clinici, inclusi la funzione respiratoria e i parametri cardiovascolari sono stati correlati ai dati patologici. Nel Gruppo A i test di funzionalità polmonare sono stati ripetuti a 8-12 mesi dalla biopsia. RISULTATI L’espressione di SCCA nelle cellule epiteliali alveolari era presente nei pazienti con FPI, mentre era assente nei controlli. Nel Gruppo A l’SCCA era correlato positivamente con l’estensione dei foci fibroblastici (r=0.49, p=0.02), l’espressione di TGF-b1 (r=0.78, p<0.0001) e con il declino della DLCO al follow up (r=0.59, p=0.01). L’esperimento in vitro ha dimostrato che l’incubazione di pneumociti con SCCA induceva l’espressione di TGF-b1, con un picco a 24 ore. Nel Gruppo B i valori di SCCA e TGF-b1 erano elevati e correlati positivamente (r=0.45, p<0.001), mentre vi era una correlazione inversa tra SCCA e DLCO (r=-0.43, p=0.005) e TGF-b1 e DLCO (r=-0.42, p=0.04). Tra le cellule epiteliali alveolari metaplastiche, abbiamo riscontrato una diversa espressione di SCCA tra le cellule cuboidali, bronchializzate e squamose, con una crescente espressione per le squamose che inoltre presentavano un maggior grado di displasia. CONCLUSIONI La over-espressione di SCCA e TGF-b1 nell’epitelio alveolare corrobora l’ipotesi che una alterata rigenerazione epiteliale alveolare e una secrezione anormale di citochine sono elementi importanti nella patogenesi del rimodellamento e della fibrosi della FPI. L’SCCA potrebbe avere un duplice ruolo influenzando la proliferazione epiteliale (azione autocrina) e promuovendo la fibrosi/proliferazione dei fibroblasti attraverso lo stimolo alla maggior secrezione di TGF-b1. L’SCCA potrebbe essere considerato un marker potenziale di attività della malattia essendo strettamente correlato con la perdita di funzione polmonare.
Rosso, L. P. A. "RUOLO DEL GEL PIASTRINICO DA SANGUE PLACENTARE NEI PROCESSI DI RIPARAZIONE PLEURICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217629.
Full textOBJECTIVES: Prolonged air leak is the major cause of morbidity after pulmonary resection. In this study we tested an innovative approach based on the use of the platelet gel derived from human umbilical cord blood in repairing pleural damage through in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. METHODS: The in vitro model scratch assay was performed to test the tissue repair capability mediated by platelet gel compared to the standard culture conditions using human primary mesothelial cells. In vivo the animal model consisted of an iatrogenic injury on the left lung surface. Fifty-four Wistar rats were divided into a treated group with cord blood platelet gel (n=31) and a control group (n=23). After the damage, the cord blood platelet gel was placed on the injured area only in treated animals. Rats were sacrificed to evaluate and study histological changes, and possible presence of pleural adhesions and infections. In addition, changes in the soluble inflammatory factor pattern were tested using a multiplex proteome array. RESULTS: In vitro, cord blood platelet gel repaired the damage of mesothelial cells in a shorter time in comparison with the control (24 vs 35 hours, respectively). In vivo, the formation of new mesothelial tissue was already visible at 45+1 hours in treated group vs 130+2.5 hours in control group; complete recovery was obtained respectively 75+1 hours compared to 160+6 hours. There was direct evidence of pleural adhesions in 43% of treated compared to 17% of controls. The gel was not associated with the development of any complications. Interestingly, some crucial soluble factors involved in inflammation were significantly reduced in the treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Cord blood platelet gel significantly reduces the time to repair the pleural damage. In addition, it positively stimulates the development of pleural adhesions, particularly useful in the management of prolonged air leaks. We hypothesize that platelet gel play at least a double role releasing cytokines and growth factors that support the faster tissue repair and consequently reduce the inflammation site.
Petrella, Francesco. "EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL AIRWAY RESTORATION BY MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS AUTOLOGOUS ENDOSCOPIC TRANSPLANTATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421925.
Full textLa fistola bronco pleurica post chirurgica è una comunicazione patologica fra le vie aeree e lo spazio pleurico che puo’ verificarsi dopo resezione polmonare. Essa puo’ essere causata da chiusura bronchiale incompleta, da alterazioni della cicatrizzazione del moncone bronchiale o dalla distruzione del moncone da parte di tessuto neoplastico residuo. La sua mortalità varia dal 12.5 al 71.2%, rendendola ancora oggi la piu’ temuta complicanza dopo resezione polmonare; per tale ragione, l’effetto cicatriziale promosso dalle cellule staminali – tramite la trasformazione in cellule mature con una specifica funzione o tramite l’implementazione di meccanismi intrinseci di riparazione – potrebbe rappresentare una opzione terapeutica efficace e, ad oggi , solo parzialmente esplorata. Le cellule mesenchimali stromali hanno la capacità di migrare ed attecchire a siti di infiammazione e danno tissutale, in risposta a citochine, chemochine e fattori di crescita e possono esercitare un’azione riparativa locale attraverso un’azione di transdifferenziazione o attraverso un’azione di secrezione paracrina di fattori solubili con proprietà antiinfiammatori e procicatriziali. Noi abbiamo proposto, su di un modello animale , un trapianto autologo di cellule stromali mesenchimali di derivazione midollare: questo ha permesso una cicatrizzazione del moncone bronchiale grazie alla proliferazione di fibroblasti ed all’apposizione di matrice collagene. Incoraggiati dalla riparazione delle vie aeree sul modello di grande animale abbiamo utilizzato tale metodica per trattare un paziente che aveva sviluppato una fistola bronco pleurica. Il trapianto broncoscopico di cellule stromali mesenchimali midollari si è rivelato efficace – nel nostro caso clinico – nella chiusura di una piccola fistola post chirurgica, stimolando ulteriormente l’approccio di medicina rigenerativa anche per problemi di vie aeree. Considerando la necessità di marcare le cellule stromali mesenchimali dopo un trapianto cellulare, al fine di valutare differenti metodi di impianto, di seguire la loro migrazione nel corpo e di quantificare il loro accumulo al sito bersaglio, abbiamo proposto la risonanza magnetica nucleare come metodo per la marcatura cellulare, sia con mezzi di contrasto superparamagnetici che con formulazioni di nanoemulsioni con fluoro, osservando come entrambe si siano dimostrate efficaci, senza tuttavia alterare la biodisponibilità cellulare o la loro differenziazione. Infine, abbiamo proposto l’impiego di cellule stromali mesenchimali insieme alla somministrazione di G-CSF come metodo piu’ rapido e nuova frontiera nella riparazione delle vie aeree.