Journal articles: 'Chitosan, hydroxyapatite, nanoparticles, composites'

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Ai, Jafar, Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Esmaeil Biazar, Saeed Heidari K, and Rahim Jahandideh. "Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Starch Composite Filled Hydroxyapatite Micro- and Nanopowders." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/391596.

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Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible ceramic and reinforcing material for bone implantations. In this study, Starch-chitosan hydrogel was produced using the oxidation of starch solution and subsequently cross-linked with chitosan via reductive alkylation method (weight ratio (starch/chitosan): 0.38). The hydroxyapatite micropowders and nanopowders synthesized by sol-gel method (10, 20, 30, 40 %W) were composited to hydrogels and were investigated by mechanical analysis. The results of SEM images and Zetasizer experiments for synthesized nanopowders showed an average size of 100 nm. The nanoparticles distributed as uniform in the chitosan-starch film. The tensile modulus increased for composites containing hydroxyapatite nano-(size particle: 100 nanometer) powders than composites containing micro-(size particle: 100 micrometer) powders. The swelling percentage decreased for samples containing hydroxyapatite nanopowder than the micropowders. These nanocomposites could be applied for hard-tissue engineering.

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Li, Ying Hua, Li Yun Cao, Jian Feng Huang, and Xie Rong Zeng. "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Biological Coatings on Carbon/Carbon Composites." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.502.

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Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HAp/CS) bio-coatings were prepared on the surface of carbon/ carbon (C/C) composites by hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition, using sonochemical process resulted HAp nanoparticles, isopropyl alcohol and chitosan as raw materials. The influences of hydro- thermal conditions and deposition voltage on the microstructures and morphologies of the as-prepared coatings were investigated. It was shown that homogenous and dense HAp/CS coatings on C/C composites are obtained by hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition. With the increase of deposition voltage, density and homogeneity of the as-prepared HAp/CS composite coatings are well improved. Due to the growth of HAp nanoparticles in the hydrothermal condition, the subsequent heat treatment of the HAp/CS coatings is not needed.

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Boudemagh, Djalila, Pierre Venturini, Solenne Fleutot, and Franck Cleymand. "Elaboration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites: a present status." Polymer Bulletin 76, no. 5 (August 22, 2018): 2621–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2483-y.

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Huang, Zhipeng, Haoyuan Sun, Yang Lu, Fengnian Zhao, Chang Liu, Qinglong Wang, Changming Zheng, Renpei Lu, and Keguan Song. "Strontium/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Norcantharidin Composite That Inhibits Osteosarcoma and Promotes Osteogenesis In Vitro." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9825073.

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Hydroxyapatite can deliver drugs, and its composite material is capable of repairing bone defects in tumors. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of composite materials on tumor growth inhibition and bone growth induction. Composites containing drug delivery compounds were synthesized by coprecipitation and freeze-drying and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-SHAP) on proliferation of an osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) and an osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated, and its mechanism was studied. The use of nano-SHAP alone did not affect the proliferation of normal cell lines. However, nanoparticles containing different amounts of norcantharidin in the composite materials and had different inhibitory effects on osteosarcoma and different effects on osteoblasts. And, with the increase of the content of norcantharidin, the antitumor performance of the composite has been enhanced. In summary, the nano-SHAP system developed in this study is a drug delivery material that can inhibit the growth of tumors and induce the proliferation of osteoblasts.

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Lakrat, Mohammed, Soufiane Fadlaoui, Mohamed Aaddouz, Ouahid El Asri, Mohammed Melhaoui, and Mejdoubi El Miloud. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITES BASED ON HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES AND CHITOSAN EXTRACTED FROM SHELLS OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB Potamon algeriense." Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives XXV (September 30, 2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.25.010.

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Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (n-HAp), which has low crystallinity, has attracted great attention due to its similarity to the inorganic part of human bone. Therefore, many studies have focused on creating new formulations combining n-HAp with some biopolymers, such as chitosan, in order to imitate biological bone tissue. The importance of chitosan and its derivatives in biomedical applications has grown significantly in the last three decades due to its biodegradability and renewable source. Besides, chitosan and its derivatives present excellent biocompatibility and biofunctionality, which make them promising materials in bone tissue engineering. In the present study, the chitosan was, first, extracted from the shell of the freshwater crab species Potamon algeriense following demineralization, deproteinization, decolouration (raw chitin) and deacetylation (chitosan) steps. Then, a novel composite based on n-HAp and extracted chitosan (CTS) with varying chitosan contents, from 5% to 20% (w/w), was synthesized and characterized for potential application in tissue regeneration. The obtained composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The precipitated n-HAp/CTS nanocomposites similar to natural bone are promising composites for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Sun, Tao, Tareef Hayat Khan, and Naznin Sultana. "Fabrication andIn VitroEvaluation of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/194680.

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Composite scaffolds based on biodegradable natural polymer and osteoconductive hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles can be promising for a variety of tissue engineering (TE) applications. This study addressed the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds composed of HA and chitosan fabricated via thermally induced phase separation and freeze-drying technique. The scaffolds produced were subsequently characterized in terms of microstructure, porosity, and mechanical property.In vitrodegradation andin vitrobiological evaluation were also investigated. The scaffolds were highly porous and had interconnected pore structures. The pore sizes ranged from several microns to a few hundred microns. The incorporated HA nanoparticles were well mixed and physically coexisted with chitosan in composite scaffold structures. The addition of 10% (w/w) HA nanoparticles to chitosan enhanced the compressive mechanical properties of composite scaffold compared to pure chitosan scaffold.In vitrodegradation results in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) showed slower uptake properties of composite scaffolds. Moreover, the scaffolds showed positive response to mouse fibroblast L929 cells attachment. Overall, the findings suggest that HA/chitosan composite scaffolds could be suitable for TE applications.

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Anjaneyulu, U., B. Priyadarshini, and U. Vijayalakshmi. "Preparation of Ag Doped Hydroxyapatite- Fe3O4-Chitosan Composites: In Vitro Biocompatibility Study on MG-63 Cells for Orthopedic Applications." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12217.

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Present paper deals with the development of hybrid nanocomposites which combination of Ag doped Hydroxyapatite (Ag:HAP)-Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) and Chitosan. In this present investigation, we have employed sol–gel method to synthesize Ag:HAP using 5% of Ag concentrations. Furthermore, co-precipitation technique was employed to prepare Fe3O4 NPs and Ag doped HAP was mixed with it to develop hybrid composites. The planetary ball milling technique was used to incorporate the fabricated Ag:HAP-Fe3O4 composite material into the biopolymer chitosan at wt% of 50:25:25 respectively. In Vitro biocompatibility of Ag:HAP-Fe3O4 CS hybrid composites were evaluated by MTT assay using MG-63 cell lines for 24–48 h at 200–1000 μg/ml concentrations. Further, these hybrid composites were characterized by using ATR-FTIR, XRD and SEM techniques. The fabricated hybrid composite was found to be biologically compatible with MG-63 osteoblast cell lines to use in biomedical applications.

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Vissarionov, Sergey V., Marat S. Asadulaev, Anton S. Shabunin, Vladimir E. Yudin, Moisei B. Paneiakh, Pavel V. Popryadukhin, Yury A. Novosad, Vasili A. Gordienko, and Aleksandr G. Aganesov. "Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of chitosan matrixes under conditions of modeling of bone defect in vivo (preliminary message)." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors16480.

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Background. Despite the wide range of studies, the development of osteoplastic material, which has not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive properties, remains an extremely topical issue in modern medical materials science. This work is devoted to experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of synthetic osteoplastic composite material based on chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Aim. This study aimed to determine the effects of spongy implants based on chitosan and its composite with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an amount of 50 wt. % on early osteogenesis in the area of the through defect of the ileum. Materials and methods. The studied materials were sponge implants based on chitosan and its composite with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an amount of 50 wt. %. Comparison groups include those without implant placement and those with replacement with commercial Reprobone osteoplastic material. Materials were implanted into the zone of the through defect of the ileum of rabbits for a period of 28 days. Results. A high rate of resorption of materials based on chitosan in bone tissue and active growth of reticulofibrotic bone tissue along the edges of the defect was established, and the formation of cartilaginous islands and bone marrow was recorded in the group of chitosan implants with hydroxyapatite. The aseptic effect was observed with the use of implants made of chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to argue about the osteoconductivity of the studied materials and the prospects for further development in this direction.

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Fekry, Amany M. "Electrochemical behavior of a novel nano-composite coat on Ti alloy in phosphate buffer solution for biomedical applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 24 (2016): 20276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01064d.

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A novel nano-composite film coat of organic/inorganic composition including chitosan (CS), TiO₂ nanoparticles (TO) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, was synthesized on a Ti–6Al–4V alloy surface.

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Elhendawi, Habiba, R. M. Felfel, Bothaina M. Abd El-Hady, and Fikry M. Reicha. "Effect of Synthesis Temperature on the Crystallization and Growth of In Situ Prepared Nanohydroxyapatite in Chitosan Matrix." ISRN Biomaterials 2014 (February 24, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897468.

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Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) have been used in different biomedical applications where certain particle size distribution and morphology are required. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) nanocomposites were prepared using in situ coprecipitation technique and the effect of the reaction temperature on the crystallization and particle growth of the prepared nanohydroxyapatite particles was investigated. The composites were prepared at different synthesis temperatures (−10, 37, and 60°C). XRD, FTIR, thermal analysis, TEM and SEM techniques were used to characterize the prepared specimens. It was found that the increase in processing temperature had a great affect on particle size and crystal structure of nHA. The low temperature (−10°C) showed inhabitation of the HA growth in c-direction and low crystallinity which was confirmed using XRD and electron diffraction pattern of TEM. Molar ratio of the bone-like apatite layer (Ca/P) for the nanocomposite prepared at 60°C was higher was higher than the composites prepared at lower temperatures (37 and −10°C).

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Sobhana, S. S. Liji, J. Sundaraseelan, S. Sekar, T. P. Sastry, and A. B. Mandal. "Gelatin–Chitosan composite capped gold nanoparticles: a matrix for the growth of hydroxyapatite." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 11, no. 2 (April 10, 2008): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-008-9385-0.

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Pramanik, Nabakumar, Debasish Mishra, Indranil Banerjee, Tapas Kumar Maiti, Parag Bhargava, and Panchanan Pramanik. "Chemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Study of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Phosphate Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications." International Journal of Biomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/512417.

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A novel bioanalogue hydroxyapatite (HAp)/chitosan phosphate (CSP) nanocomposite has been synthesized by a solution-based chemical methodology with varying HAp contents from 10 to 60% (w/w). The interfacial bonding interaction between HAp and CSP has been investigated through Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology of the composite and the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix have been investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The mechanical properties of the composite are found to be improved significantly with increase in nanoparticle contents. Cytotoxicity test using murine L929 fibroblast confirms that the nanocomposite is cytocompatible. Primary murine osteoblast cell culture study proves that the nanocomposite is osteocompatible and highly in vitro osteogenic. The use of CSP promotes the homogeneous distribution of particles in the polymer matrix through its pendant phosphate groups along with particle-polymer interfacial interactions. The prepared HAp/CSP nanocomposite with uniform microstructure may be used in bone tissue engineering applications.

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Czechowska, Joanna, Ewelina Cichoń, Anna Belcarz, Anna Ślósarczyk, and Aneta Zima. "Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Silicon on the Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Biomicroconcretes." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143854.

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Bioactive, chemically bonded bone substitutes with antibacterial properties are highly recommended for medical applications. In this study, biomicroconcretes, composed of silicon modified (Si-αTCP) or non-modified α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP), as well as hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules non-modified and modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were designed. The developed biomicroconcretes were supposed to combine the dual functions of antibacterial activity and bone defect repair. The chemical and phase composition, microstructure, setting times, mechanical strength, and in vitro bioactive potential of the composites were examined. Furthermore, on the basis of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists test (AATCC 100), adapted for chemically bonded materials, the antibacterial activity of the biomicroconcretes against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus was evaluated. All biomicroconcretes were surgically handy and revealed good adhesion between the hybrid granules and calcium phosphate-based matrix. Furthermore, they possessed acceptable setting times and mechanical properties. It has been stated that materials containing AuNPs set faster and possess a slightly higher compressive strength (3.4 ± 0.7 MPa). The modification of αTCP with silicon led to a favorable decrease of the final setting time to 10 min. Furthermore, it has been shown that materials modified with AuNPs and silicon possessed an enhanced bioactivity. The antibacterial properties of all of the developed biomicroconcretes against the tested bacterial strains due to the presence of both chitosan and Au were confirmed. The material modified simultaneously with AuNPs and silicon seems to be the most promising candidate for further biological studies.

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Li, Bo, Li Hua Li, and Chang Ren Zhou. "Bio-Inspired Fabrication of Polymer Composite Scaffolds with Chitosan Network inside the Pore Channels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 140 (November 2011): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.38.

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Solid freeform fabrication, known as rapid prototyping (RP) technology allows in designing the scaffold with pre-defined and controlled external and internal architecture.In this study we produce scaffolds with network of chitosan fibrils that mimic the extracellular matrix produced by the cells. These network scaffolds also consisting of nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (HA) for stabilisation of scaffolds are characterised by environmental scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties. ESEM showed that the scaffolds possess macropore (300µm), micropore and fibre network structure. The compressive strength and elastic modulus (E) for the scaffolds are 0.54± 0.02 MPa and 6.13± 0.60 MPa, respectively, which are increasing obviously. The biocompatibility of the woodpile-network scaffolds was investigated with osteoblastic cells. The result showed the distribution and proliferation of osteoblast orients along the chtosan fibre network, preferentially. After 4 weeks of culture, macropore channels are covered by cells in large part,while the areas without chitosan fibre network are covered rarely. The properties of these scaffolds indicate that they can be used for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Lemos, Elke M. F., Sandhra M. Carvalho, Patrícia S. O. Patrício, Claudio L. Donnici, and Marivalda M. Pereira. "Comparison of the Effect of Sol-Gel and Coprecipitation Routes on the Properties and Behavior of Nanocomposite Chitosan-Bioactive Glass Membranes for Bone Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/150394.

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Recent studies in tissue engineering have highlighted the importance of the development of composite materials based on biodegradable polymers containing bioactive glasses, in particular, composites for high load support and excellent cell viability for potential application in bone regeneration. In this work, hybrid composite films were obtained by combining chitosan with bioactive glass in solution form and in nanoparticle dispersion form obtained by the two different synthesis routes: the sol-gel method and coprecipitation. The bioactive glass served both as a mechanical reinforcing agent and as a triggering agent with high bioactivity. The results ofin vitroassays with simulated body fluid demonstrated the formation of a significant layer of fibrils on the surface of the film, with a typical morphology of carbonated hydroxyapatite, reflecting induction of a favorable bioactivity. Maximum tensile stress increased from 42 to 80 MPa to the sample with 5% wt bioactive glass. In addition, samples containing 5% and 10% wt bioactive glass showed a significant increase in cell viability, 18 and 30% increase compared to the control group. The samples showed significant response, indicating that they could be a potential material for use in bone regeneration through tissue engineering.

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Pighinelli, Luciano, and Magdalena Kucharska. "Chitosan–hydroxyapatite composites." Carbohydrate Polymers 93, no. 1 (March 2013): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.004.

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García-García, Patricia, Ricardo Reyes, Elisabet Segredo-Morales, Edgar Pérez-Herrero, Araceli Delgado, and Carmen Évora. "PLGA-BMP-2 and PLA-17β-Estradiol Microspheres Reinforcing a Composite Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120648.

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The controlled release of active substances—bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and 17β-estradiol—is one of the main aspects to be taken into account to successfully regenerate a tissue defect. In this study, BMP-2- and 17β-estradiol-loaded microspheres were combined in a sandwich-like system formed by a hydrogel core composed of chitosan (CHT) collagen, 2-hidroxipropil γ-ciclodextrin (HP-γ-CD), nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP), and an electrospun mesh shell prepared with two external electrospinning films for the regeneration of a critical bone defect in osteoporotic rats. Microspheres were made with poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) to encapsulate BMP-2, whereas the different formulations of 17β-estradiol were prepared with poly-lactic acid (PLA) and PLGA. The in vitro and in vivo BMP-2 delivered from the system fitted a biphasic profile. Although the in vivo burst effect was higher than in vitro the second phases (lasted up to 6 weeks) were parallel, the release rate ranged between 55 and 70 ng/day. The in vitro release kinetics of the 17β-estradiol dissolved in the polymeric matrix of the microspheres depended on the partition coefficient. The 17β-estradiol was slowly released from the core system using an aqueous release medium (Deff = 5.58·10−16 ± 9.81·10−17m2s−1) and very fast in MeOH-water (50:50). The hydrogel core system was injectable, and approximately 83% of the loaded dose is uniformly discharged through a 20G needle. The system placed in the defect was easily adapted to the defect shape and after 12 weeks approximately 50% of the defect was refilled by new tissue. None differences were observed between the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups. Despite the role of 17β-estradiol on the bone remodeling process, the obtained results in this study suggest that the observed regeneration was only due to the controlled rate released of BMP-2 from the PLGA microspheres.

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Lu, Xiao Ying, Xiu Hong Wang, Jian Xin Wang, Shu Xin Qu, and Jie Weng. "Morphological Characterization of Chitosan in the Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1675.

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The morphological differences of chitosan (CS) in the hydroxyapatite (HA)/CS nanocomposites were investigated in detailed, which were prepared via in situ hydrothermal precipitation. The results show that the obtained nanocomposites have excellent crystallinity and the crystal has excellent ordered structure, which is important to the composites performances in the biomedical application. Moreover, the CS arrangement and crystallinity in the composites greatly depend on the hydrothermal temperature and the pH value of precipitating agent. The temperature ranging from 373 to 413K and pH value of precipitating agent ranging from 12 to 14 were favorable to the crystallization and oriented growth of CS molecules in the composites. The CS crystals with better arrangement are assembled in the order of layer-by-layer in these composites.

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Zhang, Jing Xian, Dong Liang Jiang, Qing Ling Lin, Zhong Ming Chen, and Zheng Ren Huang. "Preparation of Chitosan - Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1760.

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Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite composites with a homogeneous nanostructure have been prepared by a co-precipitation method. Initially, a chitosan solution was prepared and mixed with the (NH4)2HPO4 solution. After homogenizing, the obtained chitosan/ (NH4)2HPO4 solution was gradually dropped into the Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution under stirring. The solution pH was adjusted to 9 using NH3.H2O. The precipitate was compressed into a cylindrical form followed by post treatment. The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of the resulting chitosan-HAp composites were characterized. In the presence of chitosan, HAp crystallites were found to be well aligned along the c-axes in the respective aggregates. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer results indicated that an intermolecular bridging complexes might have been developed between the chitosan and HAp. The compact composites obtained were mechanically flexible, the highest strength was found to be 38.4 MPa for chitosan/HAp samples with a 20 wt% of chitosan.

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Seredin, Pavel V., Dmitry L. Goloshchapov, Kirill A. Nikitkov, Vladimir M. Kashkarov, Yury A. Ippolitov, and Vongsvivut Jitraporn (Pimm). "Применение синхротронной ИК-микроспектроскопии для анализа интеграции биомиметических композитов с нативной твердой тканью зуба человека." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/764.

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В данной работе продемонстрирована возможность применения ИК-микроспектроскопии для многомерной визуализации и анализа интеграции с нативными твердыми тканями зуба человека нового поколения биомиметических материалов, воспроизводящих минералорганический комплекс эмали и дентина.На основе ИК-картирования интенсивности конкретной функциональной молекулярной группы с использованием синхротронного излучения найдены и визуализированы характеристические особенности биомиметического переходного слоя в межфазной области эмаль/стоматологический материал и определено расположение функциональных групп, отвечающих процессам интеграции биомиметического композита REFERENCES Rohr N., Fischer J. Tooth surface treatment strategies for adhesive cementation // The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, 2017, v. 9(2), pp. 85–92. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2017.9.2.85 Pereira C. N. de B., Daleprane B., Miranda G. L. P. de, Magalhães C. S. de, Moreira A. N. 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Biomimetic remineralization of dentin // Dental Materials, 2014, v. 30(1), pp. 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.013 Cao C., Mei, Li Q., Lo E., Chu C. Methods for Biomimetic Mineralisation of Human Enamel: A Systematic Review // Materials, 2015, v. 8(6), pp. 2873–2886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8062873 Chen L., Yuan H., Tang B., Liang K., Li J. Biomimetic remineralization of human enamel in the presence of polyamidoamine dendrimers in vitro // Caries Research, 2015, v. 49(3), pp. 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1159/000375376 Seredin P. V., Goloshchapov D. L., Gushchin M. S., Ippolitov Y. A., Prutskij T. The importance of the biomimetic composites components for recreating the optical properties and molecular composition of intact dental tissues. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017, v. 917(4), pp. 042019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/917/4/042019 Xia Z. Biomimetic Principles and Design of Advanced Engineering Materials. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, 321 p. Dorozhkin S. V. Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties // International Journal of Materials and Chemistry, 2012, v. 1(1), pp. 1–48. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijmc.20110101.01 Li H., Gong M., Yang A., Ma J., Li X., Yan Y. Degradable biocomposite of nano calcium-defi cient hydroxyapatite-multi(amino acid) copolymer // International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2012, v. 7, pp. 1287–1295. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S28978 Ruan Q., Zhang Y., Yang X., Nutt S., Moradian-Oldak J. An amelogenin–chitosan matrix promotes assembly of an enamel-like layer with a dense interface// Acta Biomaterialia, 2013, v. 9(7), pp. 7289–7297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.004 Yao, Shao H., Zhang Q. Development and Characterization of a Novel Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Multi (Amino Acid) Copolymer Composite for Bone Repair // Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 2015, v. 5(5), pp. 387–390. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2015.1321 Melo M. A. S., Weir M. D., Rodrigues L. K. A., Xu H. H. K. Novel calcium phosphate nanocomposite with caries-inhibition in a human in situ model // Dental Materials, 2013, v. 29(2), pp. 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.10.010 Wu X.-T., Mei M., Li Q.-L., Cao C., Chen-L., Xia R., Zhang Z.-H., Chu C. A Direct Electric Field-Aided Biomimetic Mineralization System for Inducing the Remineralization of Dentin Collagen Matrix // Materials, 2015, v. 8(12), pp. 7889–7899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma8115433 Barghamadi H., Atai M., Imani M., Esfandeh M. Effects of nanoparticle size and content on mechanical properties of dental nanocomposites: experimental versus modeling // Iranian Polymer Journal, 2015, v. 24. (10), pp. 837–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-015-0369-5 Wang H., Xiao Z., Yang J., Lu D., Kishen A., Li Y., Chen Z., Que K., Zhang Q., Deng X., Yang X., Cai Q., Chen N., Cong C., Guan B., Li T., Zhang X. Oriented and Ordered Biomimetic Remineralization of the Surface of Demineralized Dental Enamel Using HAP@ ACP Nanoparticles Guided by Glycine // Scientifi c Reports, 2017, v. 7(1), рр. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40701 Wu X., Zhao X., Li Y., Yang T., Yan X., Wang K. In situ synthesis carbonated hydroxyapatite layers on enamel slices with acidic amino acids by a novel twostep method // Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications, 2015, v. 54, pp. 150–157. httsp://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.006 Aljabo A., Abou Neel E. A., Knowles J. C., Young A. M. Development of dental composites with reactive fi llers that promote precipitation of antibacterial-hydroxyapatite layers // Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016, v. 60, pp. 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.047 Wang P., Liu P., Peng H., Luo X., Yuan H., Zhang J., Yan Y. Biocompatibility evaluation of dicalcium phosphate/calcium sulfate/poly (amino acid) composite for orthopedic tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo // Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition, 2016, v. 27(11), pp. 1170–1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2016.1184123 Lübke A., Enax J., Wey K., Fabritius H.-O., Raabe D., Epple M. Composites of fl uoroapatite and methylmethacrylate-based polymers (PMMA) for biomimetic tooth replacement // Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 2016, v. 11(3), pp. 035001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/11/3/035001 Sa Y., Gao Y., Wang M., Wang T., Feng X., Wang Z., Wang Y., Jiang T. Bioactive calcium phosphate cement with excellent injectability, mineralization capacity and drug-delivery properties for dental bio- mimetic reconstruction and minimum intervention therapy. RSC Advances, 2016, v. 6(33), pp. 27349–27359. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA02488B Adachi T., Pezzotti G., Yamamoto T., Ichioka H., Boffelli M., Zhu W., Kanamura N. Vibrational algorithms for quantitative crystallographic analyses of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials: II, application to decayed human teeth // Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015, v. 407(12), pp. 3343–3356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8539-z Mitić Ž., Stolić A., Stojanović S., Najman S., Ignjatović N., Nikolić G., Trajanović M. Instrumental methods and techniques for structural and physicochemical characterization of biomaterials and bone tissue: A review // Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017, v. 79, pp. 930–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.127 Optical spectroscopy and computational methods in biology and medicine / Ed. by Barańska M., Dordrecht: Springer, 2014, 540 p. URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-7832-0 Hędzelek W., Marcinkowska A., Domka L., Wachowiak R. Infrared Spectroscopic Identifi cation of Chosen Dental Materials and Natural Teeth // Acta Physica Polonica A, 2008, v. 114(2), pp. 471–484. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.114.471 Vongsvivut J., Perez-Guaita D., Wood B. R., Heraud P., Khambatta K., Hartnell D., Hackett M. J., Tobin M. J. Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells // The Analyst, 2019, v. 144(10), pp. 3226–3238. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8an01543k Seredin P., Goloshchapov D., Ippolitov Y., Vongsvivut P. Pathology-specifi c molecular profi les of saliva in patients with multiple dental caries—potential application for predictive, preventive and personalised medical services // EPMA Journal, 2018, v. 9(2), pp. 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-018-0135-9 Dusevich V., Xu C., Wang Y., Walker M. P., Gorski J. P. Identifi cation of a protein-containing enamel matrix layer which bridges with the dentine–enamel junction of adult human teeth // Archives of Oral Biology, 2012, v. 57(12), pp. 1585–1594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.014 Seredin P. V., Kashkarov V. M., Lukin A. N., Goloshchapov D. L., Ippolitov Y. A. Research Hydroxyapatite Crystals and Organic Components of Hard Tooth Tissues Affected by Dental Caries Using Ftir-Microspectroscopy and Xrd-Microdiffraction // Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2013, v. 15(3), с. 224–231. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_15_3_2013_002.pdf Fattibene P., Carosi A., Coste V. D., Sacchetti A., Nucara A., Postorino P., Dore P. A comparative EPR, infrared and Raman study of natural and deproteinated tooth enamel and dentin // Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2005, v. 50(6), pp. 1095. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/6/004 Seredin P., Goloshchapov D., Kashkarov V., Ippolitov Y., Bambery K. The investigations of changes in mineral–organic and carbon–phosphate ratios in the mixed saliva by synchrotron infrared spectroscopy // Results in Physics, 2016, v. 6, pp. 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2016.06.005 Goloshchapov D. L., Kashkarov V. M., Rumyantseva N. A., Seredin P. V., Lenshin A. S., Agapov B. L., Domashevskaya E. P. Synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite by precipitation using hen’s eggshell // Ceramics International, 2013, v. 39(4), pp. 4539–4549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.11.050 Goloshchapov D. L., Lenshin A. S., Savchenko D. V., Seredin P.V. Importance of defect nanocrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite characteristics for developing the dental biomimetic composites // Results in Physics, 2019, v. 13, pp. 102158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102158 Nanci A. Ten Cate’s Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function. 8th ed., Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013, 400 p. Ippolitov Ju. A. Vozmozhnost’ povyshenija biologicheskoj tropnosti svetootverzhdaemoj bondingovoj sistemy dlja adgezii tverdyh tkanej zuba k plombirovochnomu material [The possibility of increasing the biological tropism of the lightcuring bonding system for adhesion of hard tooth tissues to the filling material]. Volgogradskij nauchno-medicinskij zhurnal, 2010, v. 4 (28), pp. 31–34. URL: https://www.volgmed.ru/uploads/journals/articles/1293119124-bulletin-2010-4-815.pdf Seredin P., Goloshchapov D., Prutskij T., Ippolitov Y. Phase Transformations in a Human Tooth Tissue at the Initial Stage of Caries. PLoS ONE, 2015, v. 10(4), pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124008 Seredin P. V., Goloshchapov D. L., Prutskij T., Ippolitov Yu. A. A Simultaneous Analysis of Microregions of Carious Dentin by the Methods of Laser- Induced Fluorescence and Raman Spectromicroscopy. Optics and Spectroscopy, 2018, v. 125(5), pp. 803–809. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X18110267 Seredin P. V., Goloshchapov D. L., Prutskij T., Ippolitov Yu. A. Fabrication and characterisation of composites materials similar optically and in composition to native dental tissues. Results in Physics, 2017, v. 7, pp. 1086–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.02.025

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Li, Bin, Xin Bo Wang, Jin Huan Ma, and Long Nan Huang. "Preparation of Phosphorylated Chitosan/ Chitosan/ Hydroxyapatite Composites by Co-Precipitation Method." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.401.

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In this work, the PCS/CS/HA composites with different weight ratios were prepared through a co-precipitation method. The properties of these composites were characterized by means of the XRD, the IR, the SEM and the bending strength test. The value of bending strength of the PCS/CS/ HA composite with a weight ratio of 10/30/60 was measured about 34.93 MPa which is 1.6 times high of the cancellous bone. The composite is appropriate to be used as materials for bone tissue engineering.

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Li, Bin, Longnan Huang, Xinbo Wang, Jinhuan Ma, and Fang Xie. "Biodegradation and compressive strength of phosphorylated chitosan/chitosan/hydroxyapatite bio-composites." Materials & Design 32, no. 8-9 (September 2011): 4543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.039.

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Pistone, Celesti, Piperopoulos, Ashok, Cembran, Tricoli, and Nisbet. "Engineering of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite-Magnetite Hierarchical Scaffolds for Guided Bone Growth." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2019): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142321.

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Bioabsorbable materials have received increasing attention as innovative systems for the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. In this paper, chitosan-based composites were synthesized adding hydroxyapatite and/or magnetite in a chitosan matrix by in situ precipitation technique. Composites were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro cell culture studies. Hydroxyapatite and magnetite were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix and the composites showed superior biocompatibility and the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation; in particular, the chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite composite (CS/HA/MGN) demonstrated superior bioactivity with respect to pure chitosan (CS) and to the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffolds

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Xiao, Xiufeng, Rongfang Liu, Qiongyu Huang, and Xiaohong Ding. "Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone–chitosan composites." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 20, no. 12 (July 2, 2009): 2375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3810-5.

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FINISIE, MELLATIE R., ATCHE JOSUÉ, VALFREDO T. FÁVERE, and MAURO C. M. LARANJEIRA. "Synthesis of calcium-phosphate and chitosan bioceramics for bone regeneration." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 4 (December 2001): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000400006.

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Bioceramic composites were obtained from chitosan and hydroxyapatite pastes synthesized at physiological temperature according to two different syntheses approaches. Usual analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Thermo gravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive energy analysis and Porosimetry) were employed to characterize the resulting material. The aim of this investigation was to study the bioceramic properties of the pastes with non-decaying behavior from chitosan-hydroxyapatite composites. Chitosan, which also forms a water-insoluble gel in the presence of calcium ions, and has been reported to have pharmacologically beneficial effects on osteoconductivity, was added to the solid phase of the hydroxyapatite powder. The properties exhibited by the chitosan-hydroxyapatite composites were characteristic of bioceramics applied as bone substitutes. Hydroxyapatite contents ranging from 85 to 98% (w/w) resulted in suitable bioceramic composites for bone regeneration, since they showed a non-decaying behavior, good mechanical properties and suitable pore sizes.

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Zhang, Y. Z., B. Su, and Chwee Teck Lim. "Electrospinning Nanocomposite Nanofibers of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1363.

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This paper presents a two-step approach for electrospinning of hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAp/CTS) nanocomposite, which was firstly prepared by an in situ co-precipitation method. Continuous HAp/CTS nanofibers with diameters of 214 ± 25 nm were produced successfully with the aid of an ultrahigh molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (UHMWPEO). The HAp nanoparticles with aggregations to some extent were incorporated along the electrospun CTS-based nanofibers. And their crystallite structure can be preserved to some extent although an acidic solvent system was used. Current nanocomposite nanofibers of HAp/CTS may be of potential interest for bone repair and regeneration application.

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Ran, Jiabing, Pei Jiang, Guanglin Sun, Zhe Ma, Jingxiao Hu, Xinyu Shen, and Hua Tong. "Comparisons among Mg, Zn, Sr, and Si doped nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites for load-bearing bone tissue engineering applications." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 1, no. 5 (2017): 900–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qm00192k.

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Pighinelli, Luciano, and Magdalena Kucharska. "Properties and Structure of Microcrystalline Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Composites." Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 05, no. 02 (2014): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2014.52015.

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Ali Reza, Lari, Naznin Sultana, and Muhamed Zulkifli Razauden. "Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2364.

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Recently, in pharmaceutical research and industry scientists widely have used polysaccharides and other cationic polymer which is one of the most extensive studies in the field of non-viral DNA carriers for gene delivery and therapy. As a purpose of present study variations of the final solution pH values and filtration were examined for their effects on the particle size and the tendency of particle formation. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on the ionic gelatin of chitosan which hydroxyapatite will adsorb onto the chitosan nanoparticles to form complexes of chitosan and hydroxyapatite. The resulting nanoparticles had a size and positive electrical charge, which vary depending on the formulation conditions. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Besides of that, element and chemical characterization of samples were assessed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The data revealed that the chitosan/DNA nanoparticles were successfully prepared with a nanosize range. Obtained complexes could be loaded by variants of DNA for further use in gene delivery applications.

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Li, Bao Qiang, De Chang Jia, Yu Zhou, Qiao Ling Hu, and Wei Cai. "Magnetic Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite via In Situ Hybridization Strategy." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.357.

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Magnetic hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposites were prepared via in situ hybridization strategy in the ambient condition. Magnetic hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposites were investigated by XRD, SQUID and TEM. XRD results indicated that the inorganic phases dispersed in chitosan matrix were composed of magnetite and hydroxyapatite. The magnetic hydroxyapatite/chitosan shown the behavior of superparamagnetism determined by SQUID, which indicated the size of magnetite crystal were less than 30nm. The inorganic nanoparticles with size of 30-50nm were dispersed chitosan matrix homogeneously. In situ hybridization strategy provided a simple and efficient route to synthesize the magnetic chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in the mild condition. The most important of in situ hybridization is that the processes of precipitation of chitosan, synthesis of magnetite and hydroxyapatite, and compositing between three components were completed in single step.

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Li, Quan-Li, Zhi-Qing Chen, Brian W. Darvell, Quan Zeng, Gang Li, Guo-Min Ou, and Ming-Yue Wu. "Biomimetic synthesis of the composites of hydroxyapatite and chitosan–phosphorylated chitosan polyelectrolyte complex." Materials Letters 60, no. 29-30 (December 2006): 3533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.03.046.

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Abdullahi, Ismaila, and I. Zainol. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Chitosan-Hydroxyapatites Composites Doped with Zinc." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.74.

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The synthesis of a novelzinc doped chitosan-hydroxyapatite (chitosan-HAp) composite was done viain situ co-precipitation method. FTIR results showed that zinc is incorporated into the composite formed and is less crystalline compared to the pure hydroxyapatite (HAp). XRD results obtained showed that the incorporation of zinc into the lattice of the chitosan-HAp led to changes in the crystallinity, crystallite size and lattice constant of the composite material. FESEM images of the samples revealed that the novel material has a morphological features that resemble that of bone mineral.

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Sionkowska, Alina, Beata Kaczmarek, Paulina Trokowska, and Iulian Vasile Antoniac. "Properties and Characterization of Chitosan/Collagen/PMMA Composites Containing Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 672 (January 2016): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.672.247.

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In this paper several properties of new materials based on polymer blends were studied. The properties of composites made of the blends of chitosan and collagen with addition of poly (methyl methacrylate) and hydroxyapatite were investigated. Mechanical properties, thermal analysis, FTIR spectra and SEM images were obtained for different blends of chitosan/collagen in weight ratios 75/25, 50/50, 25/75. Poly (methyl methacrylate) was used in ratios 15, 50 and 85 wt% based on chitosan. The influence of the addition of hydroxyapatite to the polymer blends on their properties was tested. The results showed that the amount of components can influence on the mechanical properties observed for obtained materials.

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Kumar, R., K. H. Prakash, P. Cheang, L. Gower, and K. A. Khor. "Chitosan-mediated crystallization and assembly of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into hybrid nanostructured films." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5, no. 21 (August 14, 2007): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1141.

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The synthesis and subsequent assembly of nearly spherical nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles in the presence of trace amounts of the polysaccharide chitosan was carried out employing a wet chemical approach. Chitosan addition during synthesis not only modulated HA crystallization but also aided in the assembly of nHA particles onto itself. Solvent extraction from these suspensions formed iridescent films, of which the bottom few layers were rich in self-assembled nHA particle arrays. The cross-section of these hybrid films revealed compositional and hence structural grading of the two phases and exhibited a unique morphology in which assembled nHA particles gradually gave way to chitosan-rich top layers. Transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction studies suggested that the basal plane of HA had interacted with chitosan, and scanning electron microscope studies of the hybrid films revealed multi-length scale hierarchical architecture composed of HA and chitosan. Phase identification was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analysis of digitized XRD data showed that the basic apatite structure was preserved, but chitosan inclusion induced subtle changes to the HA unit cell. The refinement of crystallite shape using the Popa method clearly indicated a distinct change in the growth direction of HA crystallites from [001] to [100] with increasing chitosan concentration. The paper also discusses the likelihood of chitosan phosphorylation during synthesis, which we believe to be a pathway, by which chitosan molecules chemically interact with calcium phosphate precursor compounds and orchestrate the crystallization of nHA particles. Additionally, the paper suggests several interesting biomedical applications for graded nHA–chitosan nanostructured films.

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Yin, Hai Rong, Quan Xian Zu, and Yang Wu. "Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Fiber Enhanced Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.321.

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A novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite plate enhanced by polylactic acid fiber is prepared via in–situ hybridization in the semipermeable mold. The influence factors of the composites are evaluated by orthogonal test; FT–IR, XRD and SEM are also used to determine the relevance between the composition and performance. Analyses show that: hydroxyapatite with weak crystalline state is generated in the composites; there is hydrogen bonding associating existing in the complex system; preferable interface junction is created between the fiber and hydroxyapatite /chitosan matrix, which is able to play benign potentiation to the mechanical strength. Orthogonal test finds that the pecking order of the influencing factors to physical properties is: fiber content > fiber length > hydroxyapatite content. HA/CS composite plate enhanced by PLA–fiber can get a significantly increase on flexural strength and bending modulus, therefore, it will be a kind of potential orthopaedic materials which possesses the ability of completely degraded.

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Sobhana, S. S. Liji, J. Sundaraseelan, and T. P. Sastry. "Growth of Hydroxyapatite Crystals on Gelatin-Chitosan Capped Silver Nanoparticles." Advanced Porous Materials 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/apm.2013.1025.

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Wang, Jing, Q. Z. Sun, Jing Gao, D. M. Liu, Xiang Cai Meng, and Mu Qin Li. "Preparation and Properties on Silk Fibers Reinforced Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.557.

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Silk fibers were introduced into hydroxyapatite(HA)/chitosan(CS) matrix to prepare scaffold materials of bone tissue engineering with the adequate initial strength and improved cellular affinity using combination of in situ synthesis and freeze-drying technique. Chemical component was investigated using X rays diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Structure and morphology of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Porosity was tested by liquid substitution method. The mechanical properties of the composites were also measured. The simulated body fluid (SBF) and the cell culture experiments were conducted to assess biological properties of the composites. Results show that the composites with a pore size of 100~250μm have a porosity of 75%~90%and the maximum compressive strength of 5.7 MPa. The compressive strength of the composite is greatly improved in comparison with that of HA/CS matrix (4.6 MPa). In the SBF tests, a layer of randomly oriented apatite crystals form on the scaffold surface after sample immersion in SBF. The cell culture experiments show that the osteoblast cells are attached and proliferated on the surface of the composite, which suggests good bioactivity and cellular compatibility of the composite material. It is concluded that the composites have a promising prospect as bone tissue engineering materials.

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Yamaguchi, Isamu, Shunsuke Iizuka, Akiyoshi Osaka, Hideki Monma, and Junzo Tanaka. "The effect of citric acid addition on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 214, no. 1-3 (March 2003): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(02)00365-5.

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Catalan, Karina N., Tomas P. Corrales, Juan C. Forero, Christian P. Romero, and Cristian A. Acevedo. "Glass Transition in Crosslinked Nanocomposite Scaffolds of Gelatin/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040642.

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The development of biopolymeric scaffolds crosslinked with nanoparticles is an emerging field. Gelatin/chitosan scaffolds are gaining interest in medical areas, e.g., bone tissue engineering, given their suitability for nano-hydroxyapatite incorporation. The glass transition temperature is a thermodynamic property of polymer scaffolds that changes with crosslinker or nanofiller concentration. Here, we report the experimental change in glass transition temperature of gelatin/chitosan scaffolds modified by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and crosslinker concentration. Our results show synergic effects between nanoparticles and crosslinking, which leads to a non-linear behavior of the glass transition temperature. Furthermore, a theoretical model to predict glass transition is proposed. This model can be used as a mathematical tool for the design of future scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering.

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Jin, Hyeong Ho, Hyang Mi Lee, Ik Min Park, Hong Chae Park, and Seog Young Yoon. "Preparation of Macroporous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Alginate Composite Scaffolds for Bone Implants." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.217.

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Porous HAp/chitosan-alginate composite scaffolds were successfully synthesized by insitu co-precipitation method. During the preparation of HAp/chitosan-alginate composite scaffolds, the interaction between chitosan-alginate molecules would be reduced with increasing HAp content, with the resulting that the chitosan-alginate molecules were homogeneously dispersed in the composite scaffolds. The chitosan-alginate content was found to be almost consistent as initially added during the preparation. These results imply that chitosan-alginate was almost perfectly incorporated into the composites. It was found that the pore structure of the composite scaffolds with low HAp content was similar to chitosan-alginate scaffolds, and the morphology of uniform microstructure was unaffected by the presence of HAp. However, the pore diameter decreased with increasing the HAp content up to HAp content of 30 wt%, eventually the pore structure was collapsed and the composites scaffolds appeared to be agglomerated at higher HAp content.

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Saleh, Shakir, Mahmoud Salem, Sayed Bakri, and Ahmed Bream. "Histological and Biochemical Alterations in Testis Rats Treated with Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsz.2021.165904.

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Liu, Tse-Ying, Ting-Yu Liu, San-Yuan Chen, Shian-Chuan Chen, and Dean-Mo Liu. "Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Ibuprofen Release from Carboxymethyl-Hexanoyl Chitosan/O-Hexanoyl Chitosan Hydrogel." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.458.

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In order to explore the effect of nanofiller on the regulation of the drug release behavior from microsphere-embedded hydrogel prepared by carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (HNOCC) and O-hexanoyl chitosan (OHC), the release kinetics was investigated in terms of various amounts of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) nanoparticles incorporated. HNOCC is a novel chitosan-based hydrophilic matrix with a burst release profile in a highly swollen state. The drug release kinetics of the HNOCC hydrogel can be regulated by incorporation of well-dispersed CDHA nanoparticles. It was found that the release duration of ibuprofen (IBU) from HNOCC was prolonged with increasing amounts of CDHA which acts as a crosslink agent and diffusion barrier. On the contrary, the release duration of the IBU from OHC (hydrophobic phase) was shortened through increasing the CDHA amount over 5%, which is due to the hydrophilic nature of the CDHA nanoparticles destroying the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction and accelerating OHC degradation. Thus, water accessibility and molecular relaxation were enhanced, resulting in a higher release rate. In addition, sustained and sequential release behavior was achieved by embedding the OHC microspheres (hydrophobic phase) into the HNOCC (hydrophilic phase) matrix, which could significantly prolong the release duration of the HNOCC drug-loaded implant.

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Palazzo, B., D. Izzo, F. Scalera, A. N. Cancelli, and F. Gervaso. "Bio-Hybrid Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.300.

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Natural bone ECM is a hierarchical nanocomposite made of an inorganic phase deposited within an organic matrix. In order to mimic the bone highly organized hybrid structure and functionality, strategies that allow assembling ceramic and polymer phase can be applied. To this aim, we investigated aninsitugrowth method able to nucleate a nanoHydroxyapatite (nHAp) phase into and around the interconnected porous structure of chitosan sponges. By increasing the calcium and phosphate concentration in the meta-stable solution used for the nHAp nucleation, the inorganic phase raised proportionally, in the range 10%-30% wt. In order to be compared with nHAp loaded scaffolds, pure chitosan samples have been produced by cross-linking biopolymer with arginine. Moreover, nHAp loaded samples, containing the 20 % wt of inorganic phase have been prepared by simply mixing low crystalline nHAp powders with the chitosan gel. Thein situnucleation method highlighted evident advantages in terms of nanophase distribution and mechanical performances with respect to a merely mixing procedure.

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Shen, Kai, Qiaoling Hu, Liang Chen, and Jiacong Shen. "Preparation of chitosan bicomponent nanofibers filled with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles via electrospinning." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 115, no. 5 (March 5, 2010): 2683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29832.

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Zhang, Cai Yun, Dai Yin Peng, Chuan Hua Lu, Xian Ping Wang, and Qian Feng Fang. "Preparation and Characterization of Fibrous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Nanocomposites with High Hydroxyapatite Dosage." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.365.

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In this paper the hydroxyapatite fibers reinforced chitosan nanocomposites with high hydroxyapatite dosage (70~90 wt%) were synthesized by in-situ hybridization. The semi-permeable membrane was used to control the process of hybridization and morphology of hydroxyapatite. The compositional and morphological properties of nanocomposites were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite were carbonated nanometer crystalline fibers with high aspect ratio (about 25) and dispersed uniformly in the nanocomposites. The high-resolution image indicated that the growth of nano-hydroxyapatite crystallites in the chitosan matrix preferred in the c-axis. The mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were enhanced dramatically and the compressive strength increases almost to 170MPa when the hydroxyapatite content is 70 wt%. The in vitro tests indicated that the composites have high bioactivity and degradation. These properties illustrated the potential application of this kind of nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering.

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Li, Bin, Longnan Huang, Xinbo Wang, Jinhuan Ma, Fang Xie, and Long Xia. "Effect of micropores and citric acid on the bioactivity of phosphorylated chitosan/chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites." Ceramics International 39, no. 3 (April 2013): 3423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.069.

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Said, Hamid Ait, Hassan Noukrati, Hicham Ben Youcef, Ayoub Bayoussef, Hassane Oudadesse, and Allal Barroug. "Mechanical Behavior of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite: Effect of Processing Parameters." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020213.

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Three-dimensional hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) composites were formulated via solid-liquid technic and freeze-drying. The prepared composites had an apatitic nature, which was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy analyses. The impact of the solid/liquid (S/L) ratio and the content and the molecular weight of the polymer on the composite mechanical strength was investigated. An increase in the S/L ratio from 0.5 to 1 resulted in an increase in the compressive strength for HA-CSL (CS low molecular weight: CSL) from 0.08 ± 0.02 to 1.95 ± 0.39 MPa and from 0.3 ± 0.06 to 2.40 ± 0.51 MPa for the HA-CSM (CS medium molecular weight: CSM). Moreover, the increase in the amount (1 to 5 wt%) and the molecular weight of the polymer increased the mechanical strength of the composite. The highest compressive strength value (up to 2.40 ± 0.51 MPa) was obtained for HA-CSM (5 wt% of CS) formulated at an S/L of 1. The dissolution tests of the HA-CS composites confirmed their cohesion and mechanical stability in an aqueous solution. Both polymer and apatite are assumed to work together, giving the synergism needed to make effective cylindrical composites, and could serve as a promising candidate for bone repair in the orthopedic field.

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Cardenas-Triviño, Galo, and Guido Carrasco-Garcia. "CHITOSAN COMPOSITES PREPARED WITH HYDROXYAPATITE AND LACTIC ACID AS BONE SUBSTITUTE." Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 64, no. 4 (December 2019): 4613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072019000404613.

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Kim, Jooho, Dongbin Lee, Suyoung Heo, and Namsoo Kim. "Biodegradable Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites on the Bone Defect of Canine Model." Journal of Veterinary Clinics 34, no. 6 (December 31, 2017): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2017.12.34.6.410.

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Lewandowska, Katarzyna. "SURFACE PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN COMPOSITES WITH POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND HYDROXYAPATITE." Progress on Chemistry and application of Chitin and its Derivatives XX (September 30, 2015): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.20.17.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chitosan, hydroxyapatite, nanoparticles, composites'

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