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Journal articles on the topic 'Chivalry in literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Dyer, Gary. "Irresolute Ravishers and the Sexual Economy of Chivalry in the Romantic Novel." Nineteenth-Century Literature 55, no. 3 (December 1, 2000): 340–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2903127.

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Walter Scott's Ivanhoe (1819) and James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans (1826) attempt in divergent ways to deal with the contradictions attendant on the contemporary ideology of "chivalry." In these novels chivalry becomes inconsequential: the woman's fate depends ultimately not on the intervention of a "knight" but on the irresolution of her would-be ravisher, who becomes paralyzed momentarily when he finds that the heroine is "resolved" to die rather than suffer abuse. Scott's method of rescuing his heroine Rebecca is not reassuring: the villain Bois-Gilbert implausibly drops dead, killed by "the violence of his own contending passions." One reason that chivalry fails to protect women in these novels is that it is not disinterested (as Edmund Burke defined it), but rather dependent on sexual desire. The Last of the Mohicans, moreover, shows that not all evil men will be irresolute: when the Europeanized Indian Magua cannot bring himself to kill Cora Munro, one of his "savage" comrades stabs her instead. The impulse that impedes the unchivalrous Magua is, ironically, the sexual desire that undergirds chivalry, but Cora's killer lacks even this desire. By showing that chivalry is powerless against men who are outside its sexual economy, The Last of the Mohicans renders moot Scott's struggles in Ivanhoe over chivalry's inconsistencies and contradictions.

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GUTWIRTH, ELEAZAR. "Chivalry and the Jews in Late Medieval Spain." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 4 98, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2021.19.

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A long standing tradition posits an opposition between the Jews and the ideals and reality of medieval chivalry (i.e., before 1492). The article argues against such generalizations. It begins by noting the research on chivalric imaginaire amongst Jews in Franco-German areas. In the case of Hispanic Jews, oral literature, particularly ballads, includes points of contact with Libros de caballería. Even (neo-) Aramaic mystical texts from thirteenth-century Castile use images and metaphors from chivalric literature. Culturally hybrid representations are also relevant, in specific visual cases such as the iconography of the Arragel Bible - and also its texts - or the texts of the (probably converso) poet Pero Ferruz. Late medieval Hebrew MS illuminations show the Hispano-Jewish patrons’ taste for the representation of knights and scenes of knightly life. Fragments from Inquisition and other archival evidence confirm the taste for chivalric literature amongst Iberian Jews. Material culture from late medieval Spain also supports the article’s claim in various ways - Jewish artisans are involved in crafting memorable items of knightly accoutrement; and towards the later decades of the fifteenth century there are attempts to incorporate Jews into urban caballería.

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3

Im, Mihyun. "A Study on Women’s Chivalry Painting(女俠圖) in the Late Joseon Dynasty." Paek-San Society 124 (December 31, 2022): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2022.124.315.

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First appearing in unofficial records during the Later Han period in China, Women’s Chivalry became a frequent topic of literature in the Tang Dynasty and fictions such as Hongsun and Sugeunrang garnered popularity. Later in the Ming Dynasty, illustrations were inspired by literature with women as protagonists based on the success of a variety of plays and novels, also resulting in artists producing paintings on Women’s Chivalry. Meanwhile in Joseon, as a result of two wars, chivalry was an emerging interest in literature, drawing attention to novels and paintings on Women’s Chivalry as well. Introduced in the Goryeo Dynasty, Chinese novels on Women’s Chivalry became widely popular and read and in the 17th century, and paintings on Women’s Chivalry such as Guyoung’s Yuhyupdo and Maeng Youngkwang’s Paegummiindo were circulated and appreciated among writers. In Korea, Women's Chivalry became a frequent topic of painting during the Late Joseon Dynasty with the main character of the Tang Dynasty’s novel Hongsun as a prominent inspiration. The reason for this prominence of Hongsun appears to be a combination of factors, including the impact of Chinese literature, the impact of artists such as Guyoung and Maeng Youngkwang and their paintings of Women’s Chivalry, and the association with naksindo paintings. Iconically, images reminiscent of sword dance were drawn with a beautiful woman holding a sword with her robe fluttering in the wind. Paintings of Women’s Chivalry in the Late Joseon Dynasty can be represented by eight paintings; iconically, the paintings can be classified into Maeng Youngkwang’s (孟永光, 1590-1648) style and Yunduseo’s (尹斗緖, 1668-1715) style. In Mangyunggwang’s paintings, the women produce a static atmosphere as she stands or sits gazing at somewhere, while in Yunduseo’s paintings, the paintings have a strong dynamic image as women are shown flying in the air motivated by a scene from a novel.

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4

Alexandre Dos Santos, Armando. "Na sequência da Cançó de l´Orifany, a queda moral do herói." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 13 (June 27, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.13.15475.

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Resumo: Análise textual, contextual e psicológica de um episódio colateral, mas de grande importância da novela de cavalaria Curial e Guelfa (século XV): a Canção do Elefante e a queda moral do herói. Palavras-chave: Curial e Guelfa, literatura catalã, cavalaria, novelas de cavalaria, queda moral Abstract: Textual, contextual and psychological analysis of a collateral but important episode of the novel of chivalry Curial and Guelfa (15th. century): the «Song of the Elephant» and the hero´s moral decadence. Keywords: Curial and Guelfa, Catalan literature, chivalry, novels of chivalry, moral decadence

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5

MASON. "DEBATABLE CHIVALRY." Medium Ævum 87, no. 2 (2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26889818.

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6

Shields, Juliet. "Savage and Scott-ish Masculinity in The Last of the Mohicans and The Prairie: James Fenimore Cooper and the Diasporic Origins of American Identity." Nineteenth-Century Literature 64, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2009.64.2.137.

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This essay reassesses James Fenimore Cooper's literary relationship to Walter Scott by examining the depiction of Scots in The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and The Prairie (1827). Read as companion texts, these novels represent the imperial migrations of Scots as a cause of Native Americans' unfortunate, but for Cooper seemingly inevitable, eradication. They also trace the development of an American identity that incorporates feudal chivalry and savage fortitude and that is formed through cultural appropriation rather than racial mixing. The Last of the Mohicans' Scottish protagonist, Duncan Heyward, learns to survive in the northeastern wilderness by adopting the Mohicans' savage self-control as a complement to his own feudal chivalry; in turn, The Prairie's Paul Hover equips himself for the challenges of westward expansion by adopting both the remnants of this chivalry and the exilic adaptability and colonial striving that Cooper accords to Scots. I suggest that the cultural appropriation through which Heyward and Hover achieve an American identity that incorporates Scottish chivalry and savage self-command offers a model for the literary relationship between Cooper's and Scott's historical romances. The Leatherstocking Tales borrow selectively from the Waverely Novels, rejecting their valorization of feudal chivalry while incorporating their representation of cultural appropriation as a mechanism of teleological social development.

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7

Pinna, Giovanna. "Literature and action. On Hegel’s interpretation of chivalry." Rivista di estetica, no. 70 (April 1, 2019): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/estetica.5216.

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8

Thomson, Aidan. "Elgar and Chivalry." 19th-Century Music 28, no. 3 (2005): 254–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2005.28.3.254.

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The subject of chivalry is a recurring theme in Elgar's works. This reflects both the composer's tastes in Romantic literature and his knowledge of and admiration for Wagner, particularly Parsifal. Parsifal's narrative of regeneration provided Elgar with a dramatic model for more than one early choral work, but its impact was perhaps greatest in a purely instrumental work: the First Symphony (1908). Not only do the Ab-major motto theme of the Symphony and the first theme of the D-major slow movement resemble respectively the Liebesmahl and "Good Friday" motifs of Parsifal (as well as passages from The Apostles and The Dream of Gerontius), but their respective dramatic functions in the Symphony are very similar to their Parsifalian antecedents: in the case of the motto, an ideal with which the music begins and to which it returns; in the case of the slow movement, a passage of transfiguration without which a return is impossible. Consequently, the Symphony can be viewed as a critical response to Parsifal within the supposedly "absolute" genre of the nonprogrammatic symphony. A more problematic discourse on chivalry can be found in Elgar's symphonic study, Falstaff (1913), a work whose subject matter perhaps inevitably prompts comparisons with Richard Strauss's Don Quixote. Whereas one can regard Strauss's work as an ironic critique of the metaphysical, Wagnerian world with which the composer had parted company during the completion of Guntram, Elgar's work reaffirms chivalry and the (objective) value system for which it is a metaphor. The thematically fragmentary death scene reflects the moral incoherence of Falstaff's corrupted version of chivalry as much as it does his passing; by contrast, it is in Prince Hal and the music associated with him that objective morality--albeit laced with pragmatism--survives.

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9

Brasch, Ilka. "Modern Chivalry ’s Colonialism." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21, no. 4 (September 2023): 600–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2023.a912122.

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ABSTRACT: Hugh Henry Brackenridge’s seven-volume novel Modern Chivalry comments on and satirizes the people and politics of the early Republic. In the narrative, Indigenous characters are largely absent, yet the novel insists on the idea of their former presence. Imagined Indigenous absence in the text serves to help frontier settlers seek integration into a national whole and avoid feeling subjugated by Philadelphia’s political elites. A close analysis of the novel reveals a western perspective that aimed to colonize without being colonized. Modern Chivalry ’s publication history echoes the West’s hopes to integrate into the expansionist nation, and specific deletions from later editions of the text further erase even the idea of an Indigenous presence on the frontier. Brackenridge’s novel and its publication and editorial histories thus work in concert to effect settler colonialism and a nationally palatable literature.

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10

Valette, Jean-René. "La Mort le Roi Artu et la nostalgie de l’idéal." Romanica Cracoviensia 22, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843917rc.22.034.16199.

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La Mort le Roi Artu and the Nostalgia of the Ideal Along with the Hellenistic novel and the pastoral novel, the chivalric narrative constitutes one of the three forms of premodern idealism. In close connection with the ineffable anthropomorphism of the novel, the narratives of chivalry distinguish themselves by placing the transcendent source at the heart of the society of men (T. Pavel, La Pensée du roman). The article investigates the part that nostalgia takes in the manufacture of the chivalric and courtly ideal starting from human resources (love, war), according to two principal poetics: the enchantment, the unpredictable, the desire (Yvain, le Chevalier au lion of Chrétien de Troyes) vs. the disenchantment, the irreversible, the regret inherent in the nostalgic charm (La Mort le Roi Artu).

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11

Jones, Richard H. "Chivalry. Maurice Keen." Speculum 62, no. 1 (January 1987): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2852588.

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12

Roland, Meg. "A Companion to Chivalry." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 121, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/1945662x.121.3.19.

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13

Gonneau, Pierre. "L’or, les esclaves, les femmes et les paladins dans l’Histoire de Kazan." Russian History 42, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04201006.

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“War and Chivalry in the Land of the Tatars: Gold, Slaves, Women and Warriors in the Kazanskaia istoriia”. Kazanskaia istoria (circa 1564–1565?) is a first try at a historical romance in the Russian literary tradition. Inspired by the conquest of Kazan by Russian troops (1552), it enriches the factual narrative with literary themes such as the fabulous and dangerous wealth of the Tatar world: gold, silk, slaves and women. It also expresses a chivalry code and a sense of honor transcending the divide between Christian Russians and Muslim Tatars. These themes will be extensively developed in later Russian literature.

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14

Mompó Navarro, Jacob. "Ressenya a Antoni Ferrando & Anna Maria Babbi: La ‘cavalleria umanistica’ italiana. Enyego (Inico) d’Àvalos e ‘Curial e Guelfa’ / The Italian ‘Humanistic Chivalry’. Enyego (Inico) d’Àvalos and ‘Curial e Guelfa’, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2021." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 18, no. 18 (December 24, 2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.18.22878.

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Ressenya a Antoni Ferrando & Anna Maria Babbi: La ‘cavalleria umanistica’ italiana. Enyego (Inico) d’Àvalos e ‘Curial e Guelfa’ / The Italian ‘Humanistic Chivalry’. Enyego (Inico) d’Àvalos and ‘Curial e Guelfa’, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2021, 208 pp. ISBN 978-90-272-0928-3 Review to Antoni Ferrando & Anna Maria Babbi: La ‘cavalleria umanistica’ italiana. Enyego (Inico) d’Àvalos e ‘Curial e Guelfa’ / The Italian ‘Humanistic Chivalry’. Enyego (Inico) d’Àvalos and ‘Curial e Guelfa’, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2021, 208 pp. ISBN 978-90-272-0928-3

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15

Rubies, Joan-Pau, and Jennifer R. Goodman. "Chivalry and Exploration 1298-1630." Modern Language Review 95, no. 4 (October 2000): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3736720.

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16

Vogeley, N. "How Chivalry Formed the Myth of California." Modern Language Quarterly 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-62-2-165.

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17

McMahon, Dorothy. "Sidelights on the Spanish Conquest of America." Americas 18, no. 1 (July 1989): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/979750.

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There could scarcely be an event of the magnitude of the Spanish discovery and conquest of a brand new world without its giving rise to a whole inundation of literature about the New World. For one thing, it really was a new world. Every detail reported about America had the same exotic appeal for the Spaniard of the day that an eye-witness account of life on another planet would have for us. Another reason for the great interest of the Spaniard in the happenings in America was his taste for greatness, for heroic deeds, a taste which he had developed and nurtured through the novels of chivalry so popular with all classes in Spain. It would be interesting to know to what extent the novels of chivalry influenced the psychology of the Spanish explorers and conquerors. Many of the feats accomplished in the New World bear comparison with feats described in the novels, and many of the chronicles and documents describing the conquest reveal attitudes and even turns of expression such as were often found in the novels of chivalry.

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18

Agozino, Biko. "Is Chivalry Colour-Blind? Race-Class-Gender Articulation in the Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 2, no. 3 (March 1997): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822919700200304.

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The recent multivariate analysis of sentencing reports and probation reports by Roger Hood makes the controversial claim that the ‘chivalry thesis’ that women are generally treated more favourably than men in the courts is applicable to both white women and black women. The present paper reviews Hood's claim against the background of the literature on chivalry to see if this historically race-specific cultural practice has now become colour-blind as Hood implies. The paper concludes by stating that Hood is mistaken on two major counts regarding the different problems that face black women and white women in court and the different ways that similar problems are experienced by people with variable race, class and gender relations.

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19

Allaire (book author), Gloria, and Antonio Franceschetti (review author). "Andrea da Barberino and the Language of Chivalry." Quaderni d'italianistica 18, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v18i2.9697.

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20

Rice, Grantland S. "Modern Chivalry and the Resistance to Textual Authority." American Literature 67, no. 2 (June 1995): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927789.

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21

ROSE, MARK. "Othello's Occupation: Shakespeare and the Romance of Chivalry." English Literary Renaissance 15, no. 3 (September 1985): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6757.1985.tb00889.x.

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22

Waddington, Raymond B., and Richard C. McCoy. "The Rites of Knighthood: The Literature and Politics of Elizabethan Chivalry." Sixteenth Century Journal 23, no. 1 (1992): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542083.

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23

Council, Norman, and Richard C. McCoy. "The Rites of Knighthood: The Literature and Politics of Elizabethan Chivalry." Shakespeare Quarterly 45, no. 3 (1994): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2871244.

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24

Elbakidze, Maka. "The Chronotope of Shota Rustaveli’s Romance “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” in the Context of Theory of Liminality." Kadmos 2 (2010): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/kadmos/2/25-47.

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The Knight in the Panther’s Skin, the most significant text of Georgian Literature, written by Shota Rustaveli in the late Middle Ages, belongs to a chivalry romance from the standpoint of genre. Conceptually it represents the worthy reintegration of Medieval Georgian literary processes in European literary traditions. Within the scope of comparative analysis, the Georgian author, in general, reveals various interesting reference to the European authors of chivalry romances (Chrétien de Troyes, Wolfram Von Eschenbach, anonymous authors of English Gawain and he Green Knight, and Spanish El Cantar de Mio Cid (The Lay of The Cid), etc). However, at present the subject of our interest is the analysis of the texts of The Knight in the Panther’s Skin alongside the European chivalry romance in the context of anthropological theory of liminality. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to observe the chronotope of The Knight in the Panther’s Skin, where an alternative characteristic of liminality is clearly pointed out (real/ adventurous time; “self”, well-organized space/ “others”, chaotic space). Similar alternatives are singled out in European chivalry romances – due to the specificity of the genre, time-spatial paradigm is strongly connected with the individual paradigm of a character. An inseparable part of the above mentioned problem is the study of personages’ images in order to explain their psycho-emotional side: the motif of wandering, questing, intermingled with the convention of roaming captures the personage in the gap existing between the worlds, the alternative structures to be found “here” and “there”. The individualization of personages is pointed out against the background of “mystical travels”, “transitivity” and alternative time-space dichotomy.

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25

Pallotta, Augustus. "The Romances of Chivalry: A New Perspective." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1991): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458589102500114.

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26

LEE, Dongchoon. "Shame and Guilt As Sanctions Controlling Gawain’s Behavior." Institute of British and American Studies 59 (October 30, 2023): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25093/ibas.2023.59.87.

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a valuable work for the study of honor and shame in late-medieval English literature. In addition to the social codes influenced by pre-Christian “shame culture”, the “guilt culture” deeply embedded in the work is also crucial to the understanding of the Gawain poet’s intention as well as Sir Gawain’s behavioral modes. The shame culture is the performative public honor, which exerts the strongest influence upon Sir Gawain for the first half of the poem. After his departure from the Arthurian court, Sir Gawain’s actions are circumscribed by both guilt and shame ideologies. Gawain’s ending creates the shift from upholding the chivalric ideals of a romance hero based upon shame culture to a guilt culture whose emphasis lies on Sir Gawain’s interior thoughts and personal moralities closely linked with the Christian doctrines. The move from shame culture to guilt culture results from the Gawain poet’s realistic vision toward the chivalry of the late medieval age and his awareness of the social changes such as the advent of individualism, and the need for personal confession.

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27

Grabowski-Górniak, Przemysław. "Sir Gawain’s Deeds of Arms: The Middle English Romance as Martial Instruction." Roczniki Humanistyczne 71, no. 11 (December 29, 2023): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh237111.3.

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Recent decades have witnessed a growing interest in medieval European martial arts, resulting in scholars, and martial arts practitioners studying historical fencing treatises in hopes of recreating combat systems of the period. Unfortunately, none such treatises of English origin survive. However, a well-documented history of cultural and material exchange between the Continent and England, suggests that a careful examination of selected Middle English romances may unveil a literary record of a possible transmission of those martial systems to England. As one analyses the depictions of formal combat in assorted Middle English romances devoted to the exploits of Sir Gawain it becomes evident that some of them bear an uncanny resemblance to the contents of certain continental fight books. Such comparison may reveal a particular role Sir Gawain may have had in the English chivalric tradition, that of a purveyor of martial teachings and an instructive model of the performative mode of chivalry.

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28

Merriam, T. "Shakespeare's Supposed Disillusionment with Chivalry in 1599." Notes and Queries 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjm135.

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29

Woods, G. "The Contexts of The Trial of Chivalry." Notes and Queries 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjm156.

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30

Seem, Lauren Scancarelli. "The Limits of Chivalry: Tasso and the End of the Aeneid." Comparative Literature 42, no. 2 (1990): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1771207.

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31

Rix, Robert W. "Romancing Scandinavia: relocating chivalry and romance in eighteenth‐century Britain." European Romantic Review 20, no. 1 (December 11, 2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509580802565289.

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32

Wild, Gerhard. "Ausgrenzung und Integration arthurischer Themen im katalanischen Mittelalter (von Muntaners <i>Crònica</i>, <i>Blandín de Cornulla</i> und Torroellas <i>La Faula</i> zu Martorells <i>Tirant lo Blanc</i>)." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 3 (July 1, 1990): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.1990.67-89.

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Contrary to Castilian literature, Catalan texts of the Middle Ages reject the reception of Arthurian material. In our study, we discuss the reasons for this phenomenon: The Catalan literary system does not tolerate the combination of “fields of fascination” typical of the genre; love, chivalry and the miraculous –categories necessarily associated in the Arthurian novel– are distributed in Catalan literature in different genres: While love is beginning to be the almost exclusive theme of lyric, the chronicles prefer to deal with heroic affairs. Since the miraculous remains for a long time in the field of clerical literature, the fantastic field of the Arthurian genre is gradually introduced using the techniques of sacred discourse: The Arthurian theme penetrates Catalan literature through the dream or with an allegorical mask.

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33

Naurin, Daniel, Elin Naurin, and Amy Alexander. "Gender Stereotyping and Chivalry in International Negotiations: A Survey Experiment in the Council of the European Union." International Organization 73, no. 2 (2019): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818319000043.

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AbstractGender stereotypes—stylized expectations of individuals’ traits and capabilities based on their gender—may affect the behavior of diplomats and the processes of international negotiations. In a survey experiment in the Council of the European Union, we find that female representatives behaving stereotypically weak and vulnerable may trigger a chivalry reaction among male representatives, increasing the likelihood that the men will agree to support a bargaining proposal from the women. The effect is conditional on the negotiators’ cultural background—the chivalry reaction is displayed mainly by diplomats from countries with relatively low levels of gender equality. Our study contributes to the research on nonstandard behavior in international relations, and in particular the expression and reception of emotions in diplomacy. We argue that gender stereotypes may have a moderating impact on decision making based on such intuitive cognitive processes. We also add to the broader negotiation literature, both by showing the pervasiveness of gender stereotyping, and by testing at the elite level the generalizability of claims regarding gender effects derived from laboratory experiments. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of bringing gender into the study of international negotiations, where it has been largely and surprisingly ignored.

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34

Hulse, Clark. "The Rites of Knighthood: The Literature and Politics of Elizabethan Chivalry. Richard C. McCoy." Modern Philology 89, no. 2 (November 1991): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391957.

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35

Remensnyder, Amy G. "Chivalry and Exploration, 1298-1630. Jennifer R. Goodman." Speculum 75, no. 3 (July 2000): 694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2903415.

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36

Davidis, Maria M. "Forster's Imperial Romance: Chivalry, Motherhood, and Questing in A Passage to India." Journal of Modern Literature 23, no. 2 (1999): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jml.1999.0005.

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37

Dyer, Gary. "Irresolute Ravishers and the Sexual Economy of Chivalry in the Romantic Novel." Nineteenth-Century Literature 55, no. 3 (December 2000): 340–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2000.55.3.01p01475.

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38

Abramowicz, Maciej. "L’amitié chevaleresque dans le miroir de la littérature médiévale française." Romanica Wratislaviensia 64 (October 27, 2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.64.2.

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CHIVALRIC FRIENDSHIP IN FRENCH MEDIEVAL LITERATUREThe emergence in the Middle Ages of literature in the vernacular paralleled the emergence of the new, lay social elite — the chivalry. The new literature did not so much reflect as it shaped the attitudes and the axiological system embraced by medieval knights. This fact has been recognized by historians, however they seem to take atoo homogenic view of various narrative forms of vernacular literature. Thus, the article is an attempt to identify some crucial differences between how the two key literary genres of the times — chanson de geste and romance — represent the values crucial to the medieval knight. Chanson de geste praises communal values, and the tale’s hero, rather than an individual knight, is ablood-related family of which he is an integral member. His world is founded on values such as family solidarity and asense of responsibility for the family’s well-being. The romance, on the other hand, champions an individualistic hero, seen in isolation from his ancestral context. In the romance it is friendship, born of asense of shared social mission, that represents human relationships. Admittedly, friendship does play acertain role in the world of chanson de geste, and so do the ancestral ties in the romance. However, their role in either case is disproportionately smaller and, occasionally, both are represented unfavorably. Unlike chanson de geste and the romance, 13th century mystical roman in prose questions the value of both friendship and ancestral ties, unless they are founded on exemplary religiosity.

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39

Sites, Melissa. "Chivalry and Utopian Domesticity in Mary Shelley’sThe Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck." European Romantic Review 16, no. 5 (December 2005): 525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509580500420423.

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40

Kinney, Clare R. "Chivalry Unmasked: Courtly Spectacle and the Abuses of Romance in Sidney's New Arcadia." Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 35, no. 1 (1995): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/450988.

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41

Kneale, Nick, and Julia F. Saville. "A Queer Chivalry: The Homoerotic Asceticism of Gerard Manley Hopkins." Modern Language Review 97, no. 2 (April 2002): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3736886.

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Butinyà, Júlia, and Xosé Manuel Sánchez Rei. "RESEÑAS." Revista de lenguas y literaturas catalana, gallega y vasca 27 (November 23, 2022): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rllcgv.vol.27.2022.36181.

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RESEÑAS DE: Biografies invisibles. Invisible Biographies, Marginats i marginals. Marginates and Marginals, Vicent Josep Escartí ed., John Benjamins Publications Company, dins la col·lecció: «IVITRA research on Linguistics and Literature. Studies, Editions and Translations», vol. 28. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2021. ISBN 9789027209207 Antoni Ferrando + Anna Maria Babbi (eds.). La «cavalleria umanistica» italiana / The italian «Humanistic Chivalry». Enyego (Inico) d’Avalos e ‘Curial e Güelfa’ / Enyego (Inico) d’Avalos and ‘Curial e Güelfa. «IVITRA. Research in Linguistics and Literature» 29. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company 2021, 208 pp. ISBN: 978-90-272-0928-3 Freixeiro Mato, Xosé Ramón, Idioma e sociedade. Sobre normalización e planificación da lingua galega, Santiago de Compostela, Laiovento, 2020, 294 pp. [ISBN 978-84-8487-184-3].

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Prozesky, Maria. "“[S]inne Shalle be no Shame, but Wurshipe to Man”: The Role of Chivalry and Chivalric Romance in Julian of Norwich’s Soteriology." English Studies 101, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2020.1727673.

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44

Pilote, Pauline. "Knight Errantry Run Wild, or Chivalry Revisited in Fenimore Cooper’s and Washington Irving’s Narratives." Études anglaises 69, no. 4 (2016): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etan.694.0427.

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Lucas, A. M. "Specimens and the Currency of Honour: the Museum Trade of Ferdinand von Mueller." Historical Records of Australian Science 24, no. 1 (2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12016.

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As Royal Cabinets were converted to modern museums of natural history during the nineteenth century, European States used appointments to Orders of chivalry to encourage the supply of specimens. The Melbourne botanist Ferdinand von Mueller developed as a middleman a private trade in zoological specimens to accumulate an exceptional number of such memberships. He supplied museums in many countries but, in exchange for ennoblement by the King of W�rttemberg, concentrated his supply on the museum in Stuttgart. Mueller managed his botanical collecting network by recognizing his suppliers in the scientific literature and also supplied international herbaria, to his own scientific benefit by receiving specimens in exchange.

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46

Soler, Abel. "Les fonts clàssiques de Curial e Güelfa." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 12 (December 21, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.12.13670.

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Resum: Curial e Güelfa (Milà-Nàpols, ca. 1445-1448), novel·la cavalleresca escrita en català i atribuïble al gran camarlenc del Nàpols d’Alfons el Magnànim, Enyego d’Àvalos, conté una suggerent càrrega culturalista (mites ovidians tergiversats satíricament; teofanies i decorats neoplatònics; remissions explícites i/o implícites Cèsar, Macrobi, Plató, Apuleu...), que no resulta en absolut supèrflua i prescindible, com argumentà algun crític del segle passat. Al contrari: la manera d’evocar-hi els clàssics i de re-presentar-los no s’explica sense considerar els contactes de l’hipotètic escriptor amb l’humanisme llombard i napolità. D’altra banda, el repertori de clàssics greco-llatins documentats en la variada biblioteca personal del mateix D’Àvalos, la segona més rica del sud d’Itàlia, evidencia la coincidència de gustos i lectures d’aquest amb l’anònim del Curial i convida a ratificar la referida atribució. Paraules clau: Curial e Güelfa, Enyego d’Àvalos, literatura catalana medieval, novel·la cavalleresca, cavalleria humanística. Abstract: Curial e Güelfa (Milan-Naples, ca. 1445-1448), a chivalric romance written in Catalan an attributable to the great chamberlain in the Naples of Alfonso the Magnanimous, Enyego/Inico d’Àvalos, contains a suggestive cultural burden (Ovid’s myths satirically distorted; theophanies and Neo-platonic sets; explicit and/or implicit references to Caesar, Macrobius, Plato, Apuleius...), which is not absolutely superfluous nor dispensable, as some critic from the last century explained. Just the opposite: the way to recall the classics and re-present them cannot be explained without considering the contacts of the hypothetical writer with the Lombard and Neapolitan Humanism. On the other hand, the catalogue of Greek-Latin classics recorded in the varied personal library of D’Àvalos himself, the second richest in the south of Italy, demonstrates the coincidence of his taste and readings with the anonymous writer of the Curial and invites us to ratify the aforementioned attribution. Keywords: Curial e Güelfa, Enyego d’Àvalos, medieval catalan literature, chivalric romance, humanistic chivalry.

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Smith, Karen R. "Ethnic Irony and the Quest of Reading: Joyce, Erdrich, and Chivalry in the Introductory Literature Classroom." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 35, no. 1 (2002): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1315319.

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Ranawake, Silvia, W. H. Jackson, and Hartmann von Aue. "Chivalry in Twelfth-Century Germany: The Works of Hartmann von Aue." Modern Language Review 93, no. 2 (April 1998): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735454.

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Fernandez-Morera, Dario. "Chivalry, Symbolism, and Psychology in Cervantes' Knight of the Green Cloak." Hispanic Review 61, no. 4 (1993): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/474264.

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Phillips, C. "A Queer Chivalry: The Homoerotic Asceticism of Gerard Manley Hopkins." Notes and Queries 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/49.1.159.

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