Journal articles: 'Chlamydomonas'

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Tulin, Frej, Manuella R. Clark-Cotton, and Masayuki Onishi. "Chlamydomonas." Current Biology 34, no. 13 (July 2024): R611—R612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.039.

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Matz, Carlyn J., Michael R. Christensen, Auralee D. Bone, Courtney D. Gress, Scott B. Widenmaier, and Harold G. Weger. "Only iron-limited cells of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae inhibit growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-022.

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Cocultivation of iron-limited cells of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyng.) Brèb. and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard resulted in growth of Anabaena but not Chlamydomonas, even in the presence of excess exogenous iron. This effect was also observed during the cultivation of Chlamydomonas in a medium in which iron-limited Anabaena cells had been growing, but were removed prior to culture of Chlamydomonas. Conversely, iron-limited Chlamydomonas cells grew very well in medium from iron (nutrient)-sufficient, phosphate-limited, and nitrogen-limited Anabaena cultures. Iron-limited Anabaena cultures produced siderophores, while the other types of Anabaena cultures did not. Treatment of Anabaena iron-limited medium with activated charcoal completely removed the inhibitory effect on Chlamydomonas growth, and boiling the medium removed most of the inhibitory effect. Both the charcoal and the boiling treatments also removed siderophores from the medium. Partially purified Anabaena siderophore preparations were also inhibitory to Chlamydomonas growth. The inhibitory effect of iron-limited Anabaena medium could be partially overcome by addition of excess micronutrients (especially cobalt copper) but not by addition of iron. We suggest that Anabaena-derived siderophores, present only in iron-limited Anabaena medium, inhibit the growth of Chlamydomonas cells via a previously uncharacterized toxicity. This effect is different from previously described experiments in which cyanobacterial siderophores suppressed green algal growth via competition for limiting amounts of iron.Key words: Anabaena, Chlamydomonas, cocultivation, iron limitation, micronutrients; siderophores.

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Tellioglu, A. "Food selectivity of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) (Cladocera) and its impact on competition outcome between two freshwater green algae." Crustaceana 86, no. 13-14 (2013): 1550–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003246.

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The present work tested the food selectivity of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) and its impact on competition outcome between Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, 1890 and Chlamydomonas globosa J. W. Snow, 1902. Freshwater green algae, Chlorella, have heavy cell walls and their size usually exceeds the lower limits of limb size of Ceriodaphnia. According to the optimal foraging theory, it is speculated that Ceriodaphnia would graze on the more exposed and relatively larger Chlamydomonas rather than on Chlorella, and this process would lead to small-sized Chlorella becoming a superior competitor in the presence of Ceriodaphnia. This work used Ceriodaphnia, Chlamydomonas globosa and Chlorella vulgaris to test this hypothesis. The grazing experiment showed that Ceriodaphnia preferred Chl. globosa to Ch. vulgaris, regardless of the concentration and relative abundance of these algae. The decrease in relative abundance of high-quality Chlamydomonas in Chlamydomonas-Chlorella assemblages did not diminish the grazing efficiency of Ceriodaphnia on this algal species, but increased the selectivity of small-sized cells of Chlorella. However, when the concentration of Chlamydomonas was extremely high, the grazing of Ceriodaphnia on Chlamydomonas decreased. In competition experiments, it was observed that the presence of Chlamydomonas restrained the growth potential of Chlorella; however, the introduction of Ceriodaphnia into the competing environment weakened this influence and to some extent enhanced the growth ability of Chlorella. The different densities of Ceriodaphnia had an obvious influence on the competition outcome between Chlamydomonas and Chlorella.

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VanWinkle-Swift, Karen P. "Chlamydomonas surrenders." Nature 358, no. 6382 (July 1992): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/358106a0.

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Rolland, Norbert, Ariane Atteia, Paulette Decottignies, Jérôme Garin, Michael Hippler, Georg Kreimer, Stéphane D. Lemaire, Maria Mittag, and Volker Wagner. "Chlamydomonas proteomics." Current Opinion in Microbiology 12, no. 3 (June 2009): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2009.04.001.

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Witman, George B. "Chlamydomonas phototaxis." Trends in Cell Biology 3, no. 11 (November 1993): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8924(93)90091-e.

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Mitchell, David R. "Chlamydomonas flagella." Journal of Phycology 36, no. 2 (December 25, 2001): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99218.x.

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Greer, K., H. Maruta, S. W. L'Hernault, and J. L. Rosenbaum. "Alpha-tubulin acetylase activity in isolated Chlamydomonas flagella." Journal of Cell Biology 101, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 2081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.6.2081.

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We have previously shown that the alpha-tubulin of Chlamydomonas flagella is synthesized as a precursor which is modified by acetylation in the flagellum during flagellar assembly. In this report, we show the presence of an alpha-tubulin acetylase activity in isolated Chlamydomonas flagella that is highly specific for alpha-tubulin of both mammalian brain and Chlamydomonas.

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Ghuge, Sandip A., Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam, and Jong Chan Hong. "Selenoprotein: Potential Player in Redox Regulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081630.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-element for many organisms, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and is required in trace amounts. It is obtained from the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec, U), genetically encoded by the UGA codon. Proteins containing Sec are known as selenoproteins. In eukaryotes, selenoproteins are present in animals and algae, whereas fungi and higher plants lack them. The human genome contains 25 selenoproteins, most of which are involved in antioxidant defense activity, redox regulation, and redox signaling. In algae, 42 selenoprotein families were identified using various bioinformatics approaches, out of which C. reinhardtii is known to have 10 selenoprotein genes. However, the role of selenoproteins in Chlamydomonas is yet to be reported. Chlamydomonas selenoproteins contain conserved domains such as CVNVGC and GCUG, in the case of thioredoxin reductase, and CXXU in other selenoproteins. Interestingly, Sec amino acid residue is present in a catalytically active domain in Chlamydomonas selenoproteins, similar to human selenoproteins. Based on catalytical active sites and conserved domains present in Chlamydomonas selenoproteins, we suggest that Chlamydomonas selenoproteins could have a role in redox regulation and defense by acting as antioxidants in various physiological conditions.

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PRÖSCHOLD, THOMAS, TATYANA DARIENKO, LOTHAR KRIENITZ, and ANNETTE W. COLEMAN. "Chlamydomonas schloesseri sp. nov. (Chlamydophyceae, Chlorophyta) revealed by morphology, autolysin cross experiments, and multiple gene analyses." Phytotaxa 362, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.1.2.

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Chlamydomonas in the traditional sense is one of the largest green algal genera, comprising more than 500 described species. However, since the designation of the model organism C. reinhardtii as conserved type of this genus in 2007, only two species remained in Chlamydomonas. Investigations of three new strains isolated from soil samples, which were collected near Lake Nakuru (Kenya), demonstrated that the isolates represent a new species of Chlamydomonas. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear SSU and ITS rDNA and plastid-coding rbcL sequences have clearly revealed that this species is closely related to C. reinhardtii and C. incerta. These results were confirmed by cross experiments of sporangium wall autolysins (VLE). All species belonged to the VLE group 1 sensu Schlösser. The comparison of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 secondary structures showed several compensatory base changes among the three species. In addition, the rbcL amino acid composition was also species-specific. The genus Chlamydomonas was phylogenetically closely related to the colonial families Goniaceae, Tetrabaenaceae and Volvocaceae. Chlamydomonas debaryana (VLE group 2) formed a separate clade among these colonial families of the Volvocales, a species of which autolysin dissolved the sporangium walls of the members of VLE group 1, suggesting its close relationship to Chlamydomonas. As consequence of our results, we propose Chlamydomonas schloesseri sp. nov. for the new Kenyan isolates. We also propose a new combination of C. debaryana to the newly erected genus Edaphochlamys.

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Li, Xiaobo, Christoph Benning, and Min-Hao Kuo. "Rapid Triacylglycerol Turnover in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Requires a Lipase with Broad Substrate Specificity." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 12 (October 5, 2012): 1451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00268-12.

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ABSTRACT When deprived of nitrogen (N), the photosynthetic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates large quantities of triacylglycerols (TAGs), making it a promising source of biofuel. Prominent transcriptional changes associated with the conditions leading to TAG accumulation have been found, suggesting that the key enzymes for TAG metabolism might be among those that fluctuate in their expression during TAG synthesis and breakdown. Using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipase null mutant strain for functional complementation, we identified the CrLIP1 gene from Chlamydomonas based on its ability to suppress the lipase deficiency-related phenotypes of the yeast mutant. In Chlamydomonas , an inverse correlation was found between the CrLIP1 transcript level and TAG abundance when Chlamydomonas cultures were reversibly deprived of N. The CrLIP1 protein expressed and purified from Escherichia coli exhibited lipolytic activity against diacylglycerol (DAG) and polar lipids. The lipase domain of CrLIP1 is most similar to two human DAG lipases, DAGLα and DAGLβ. The involvement of CrLIP1 in Chlamydomonas TAG hydrolysis was corroborated by reducing the abundance of the CrLIP1 transcript with an artificial micro-RNA, which resulted in an apparent delay in TAG lipolysis when N was resupplied. Together, these data suggest that CrLIP1 facilitates TAG turnover in Chlamydomonas primarily by degrading the DAG presumably generated from TAG hydrolysis.

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Roesler, Keith R., and William L. Ogren. "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Phosphoribulokinase." Plant Physiology 93, no. 1 (May 1, 1990): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.93.1.188.

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Stauber, Einar J., and Michael Hippler. "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteomics." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 42, no. 12 (December 2004): 989–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.09.008.

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14

Bankaitis, Vytas A. "The chlamydomonas sourcebook." Cell 61, no. 4 (May 1990): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90467-s.

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15

Spijkerman, Elly. "Inorganic carbon acquisition by Chlamydomonas acidophila across a pH range." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-073.

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Chlamydomonas acidophila Negoro had a higher maximum growth rate upon aeration with 5% CO2 (v/v) than in nonaerated conditions at an external pH above 2. In medium with a pH of 1.0 or 2.0, a decrease in the maximum growth rate was observed upon CO2 aeration in comparison with nonaerated conditions. At both very low and very high external pH conditions, an induction of external carbonic anhydrase was detected; this being more pronounced in CO2-aerated cells than in nonaerated cells. It is therefore suggested that the induction of carbonic anhydrase is part of a stress response in Chlamydomonas acidophila. Comparison of some physiological characteristics of Chlamydomonas acidophila acclimated at pH 2.65 and at pH 6.0, revealed that CO2 aeration increased gross maximum photosynthesis at both pHs, whereas respiration, light acclimation, and photoinhibition were not effected. At pH 2.65, Chlamydomonas acidophila was found to have a carbon-concentrating mechanism under nonaerated conditions, whereas it did not under CO2-aerated conditions at pH 6. The affinity for CO2 use in O2 production was not dependent on CO2 aeration, but it was much lower at pH 6 than it was at pH 2.65. CO2 kinetic characteristics indicate that the photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas acidophila in its natural environment is not limited by inorganic carbon.Key words: Chlamydomonas acidophila, CCM, external carbonic anhydrase, photosynthesis, growth rates, pH stress, CO2.

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Craig, Rory J., Ahmed R. Hasan, Rob W. Ness, and Peter D. Keightley. "Comparative genomics of Chlamydomonas." Plant Cell 33, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 1016–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab026.

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Abstract Despite its role as a reference organism in the plant sciences, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii entirely lacks genomic resources from closely related species. We present highly contiguous and well-annotated genome assemblies for three unicellular C. reinhardtii relatives: Chlamydomonas incerta, Chlamydomonas schloesseri, and the more distantly related Edaphochlamys debaryana. The three Chlamydomonas genomes are highly syntenous with similar gene contents, although the 129.2 Mb C. incerta and 130.2 Mb C. schloesseri assemblies are more repeat-rich than the 111.1 Mb C. reinhardtii genome. We identify the major centromeric repeat in C. reinhardtii as a LINE transposable element homologous to Zepp (the centromeric repeat in Coccomyxa subellipsoidea) and infer that centromere locations and structure are likely conserved in C. incerta and C. schloesseri. We report extensive rearrangements, but limited gene turnover, between the minus mating type loci of these Chlamydomonas species. We produce an eight-species core-Reinhardtinia whole-genome alignment, which we use to identify several hundred false positive and missing genes in the C. reinhardtii annotation and >260,000 evolutionarily conserved elements in the C. reinhardtii genome. In summary, these resources will enable comparative genomics analyses for C. reinhardtii, significantly extending the analytical toolkit for this emerging model system.

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Akbarurrasyid, Muhammad, Achmad Sofian, Dinno Sudinno, and Vani Ilasanti Maryani. "THE ABUNDANCE OF Chlorella Sp. AND Chlamydomonas Sp.: WATER QUALITY, GROWTH, AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO OF WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus Vannamei)." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 1546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v14i3.1052.

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Chlorophyceae groups, such as Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp., are a stable group of phytoplankton with the highest abundance in Litopenaneus vannamei ponds. These two types can be used as determinant factors for water quality, growth, and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in L. vannamei farming. This study aims to determine the correlation of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. on the water quality, growth, and FCR in L. vannamei farming. This study was conducted by survey and identification of plankton, water quality, growth, and FCR. The identified plankton was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on water quality, growth, and FCR. The results of the study obtained a total abundance of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. of 91.93%. The water quality was found that most parameters comply with standards for L. vannamei farming activities, except for the parameters phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, Total Organic Matter (TOM), and ammonia. The abundance of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. has a strong correlation with a parameter of water quality in all ponds. The growth rate of Mean Body Weight in ponds is 0.4 – 24.43 grams/shrimp and has a strong correlation with the abundance of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. according to the significance value (p-value) of approximately 0.004 – 0.636. FCR value is 0.3-2.23 and has a strong correlation with the abundance of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. according to the eigenvalue of 1.032-1.670. The eigenvalue of the pond represents approximately 54.364% (pond 1), 55.658% (pond 2), 1.236, and 1.032 (pond 3) of the variable diversity. The results of the study showed that the abundance of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. is an indicator that influences the environment quality, growth, and Feed Conversion Ratio.

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Linayati, Linayati, Nguyen Huu Yen Nhi, Heri Ariadi, Tri Yusufi Mardiana, Ashari Fahrurrozi, and M. Bahrus Syakirin. "Relationship Between Abundance of Clamydomonas spp and Chlorella spp on Clinical Performance of Red Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Silvofishery Ponds." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 82, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2024-0004.

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Abstract Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. are plankton genera that can be used to determine the level of balance in the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the abundance of plankton Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. and its relation to the clinical performance of red tilapia in silvofishery ponds. The research method used is an ex post facto causal design with random sampling. The results showed that the water quality in the silvofishery ponds was very good, except for the nitrate parameters of 0.00-1.50 mg/L and salinity of 2-11 gr/L, which exceeded the quality standards. In the silvofishery ponds, 5 plankton classes were found, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Protozoa, and Dinophysis, consisting of 15 genera. The dominant class Chlorophyceae had an abundance of 2.88E+06 cells/ml. The class Chlorophyceae is dominated by Chlorella spp. (2.63E+06 cells/ml) and Chlamydomonas spp. (2.20E+05 cells/ml). The abundance of Chlamydomonas spp. in silvofishery ponds is closely related to phosphate solubility (0.988). Based on observations of clinical symptoms on the eyes, gills, and fins of fish, no disease infections or physical abnormalities were found in the fish cultured in silvofishery ponds. Fish tend to live well with a growth rate of 0.44 g/day. The aquatic ecosystem of the silvofishery pond, which is dominated by the plankton Chlorella spp. and Chlamydomonas spp., had a good effect on the performance and condition of the farmed fish. This study concludes that the abundance of Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. was very dominant compared to other plankton genera. The presence of Chlamydomonas spp. and Chlorella spp. illustrates good and stable environmental conditions in silvofishery ponds, followed by no clinical signs of disease infection in the fish reared during the study period.

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Su, Q., and A. Boschetti. "Substrate- and species-specific processing enzymes for chloroplast precursor proteins." Biochemical Journal 300, no. 3 (June 15, 1994): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3000787.

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Using different precursors of chloroplast proteins and stromal extracts from both Chlamydomonas reinhardii and pea chloroplasts, we analysed the specificity of stroma-localized processing peptidases. By gel filtration of a stromal extract from isolated Chlamydomonas chloroplasts, fractions could be separated containing enzymic activities for processing the precursors of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (pSS) and of the protein OEE1 from the photosynthetic water-splitting complex (pOEE1). The enzymes differed not only in molecular size, but also in their sensitivity to inhibitors and in their pH optima. Obviously, in the stroma of Chlamydomonas chloroplasts different peptidases exist for processing of pSS and pOEE1, the latter being converted into an intermediate-sized form, iOEE1, which was found to be further processed to mature OEE1 by a thylakoid-associated protease. To study the species-specificity of the stromal peptidases, stromal extracts from Chlamydomonas and pea chloroplasts were incubated with pSS from either of these organisms. In the heterologous combinations, the precursors were partly hydrolysed, but not to the correct size. In importation assays, pSS from pea (but also the precursor of the ribosomal protein L12 from spinach) could not enter into chloroplasts from Chlamydomonas. In contrast, the algal pSS was imported into chloroplasts from pea, although it was not processed to mature SS. Our results indicate that the importation machinery and the pSS-processing enzymes in higher plants and green algae have different specificities and that in Chlamydomonas several stromal peptidases for different precursor proteins exist.

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Huppe, Heather C., and Bob B. Buchanan. "Activation of a Chloroplast Type of Fructose Bisphosphatase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Light-Mediated Agents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1989): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-5-624.

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Abstract A chloroplast type of fructose-1,6 -bisphosphatase, a central regulatory enzyme of photosynthetic carbon metabolism, has been partially purified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Unlike its counterpart from spinach chloroplasts, the algal FBPase showed a strict requirement for a dithiol reductant irrespective of Mg2+ concentration. The enzymes from the two sources resembled each other immunologically, in subunit molecular mass and response to pH. In the presence of dithiothreitol, the pH optimum for both the algal and spinach enzymes shifted from 8.5 to a more physiological value of 8.0 as the Mg2+ concentration was increased from 1 to 16 mᴍ . At 1 mᴍ Mg2+, a concentration estimated to be close to physiological, the Chlamydomonas FBPase was active only in the presence of reduced thioredoxin and was most active with Chlamydomonas thioredoxin f. Under these conditions, the enzyme showed a pH optimum of 8.0. The data suggest that the Chlamydomonas enzyme resembles its spinach counterpart in most respects, but it has a stricter requirement for reduction and less strict reductant specificity. A comparison of the properties of the FBPases from Chlamydomonas and spinach will be helpful for elucidating the mechanism of the reductive activation of this enzyme.

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Lee, Kyu Bae. "Sexual Reproduction in Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas." Journal of Life Science 27, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2017.27.1.100.

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Torres, María J., Carmen M. Bellido-Pedraza, and Angel Llamas. "Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and Its Bacterial Consortia in Detoxification and Bioproduction." Life 14, no. 8 (July 27, 2024): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14080940.

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The wide metabolic diversity of microalgae, their fast growth rates, and low-cost production make these organisms highly promising resources for a variety of biotechnological applications, addressing critical needs in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The use of microalgae in consortia with bacteria is proving valuable in several areas of biotechnology, including the treatment of various types of wastewater, the production of biofertilizers, and the extraction of various products from their biomass. The monoculture of the microalga Chlamydomonas has been a prominent research model for many years and has been extensively used in the study of photosynthesis, sulphur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, respiration, and flagellar synthesis, among others. Recent research has increasingly recognised the potential of Chlamydomonas–bacteria consortia as a biotechnological tool for various applications. The detoxification of wastewater using Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia offers significant potential for sustainable reduction of contaminants, while facilitating resource recovery and the valorisation of microalgal biomass. The use of Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia as biofertilizers can offer several benefits, such as increasing crop yields, protecting crops, maintaining soil fertility and stability, contributing to CO2 mitigation, and contributing to sustainable agricultural practises. Chlamydomonas–bacterial consortia play an important role in the production of high-value products, particularly in the production of biofuels and the enhancement of H2 production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Chlamydomonas monoculture and its bacterial consortia to identify current applications and to propose new research and development directions to maximise their potential.

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Bazzani, Emma, Chiara Lauritano, Olga Mangoni, Francesco Bolinesi, and Maria Saggiomo. "Chlamydomonas Responses to Salinity Stress and Possible Biotechnological Exploitation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111242.

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Salinity is among the main drivers affecting growth and distribution of photosynthetic organisms as Chlamydomonas spp. These species can live in multiple environments, including polar regions, and have been frequently studied for their adaptation to live at different salinity gradients. Upon salinity stress (hypersalinity is the most studied), Chlamydomonas spp. were found to alter their metabolism, reduce biomass production (growth), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, and simultaneously increasing radical oxygen species production as well as lipid and carotenoid contents. This review summarizes the current literature on salt stress related studies on the green algae from the genus Chlamydomonas considering physiological and molecular aspects. The overall picture emerging from the data suggests the existence of common features of the genus in response to salinity stress, as well as some differences peculiar to single Chlamydomonas species. These differences were probably linked to the different morphological characteristics of the studied algae (e.g., with or without cell wall) or different sampling locations and adaptations. On the other hand, molecular data suggest the presence of common reactions, key genes, and metabolic pathways that can be used as biomarkers of salt stress in Chlamydomonas spp., with implications for future physiological and biotechnological studies on microalgae and plants.

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de Carpentier, Félix, Stéphane D. Lemaire, and Antoine Danon. "When Unity Is Strength: The Strategies Used by Chlamydomonas to Survive Environmental Stresses." Cells 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8111307.

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The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valuable model system to study a wide spectrum of scientific fields, including responses to environmental conditions. Most studies are performed under optimal growth conditions or under mild stress. However, when environmental conditions become harsher, the behavior of this unicellular alga is less well known. In this review we will show that despite being a unicellular organism, Chlamydomonas can survive very severe environmental conditions. To do so, and depending on the intensity of the stress, the strategies used by Chlamydomonas can range from acclimation to the formation of multicellular structures, or involve programmed cell death.

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Husic, H. David. "Extracellular carbonic anhydrase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: localization, structural properties, and catalytic properties." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-138.

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In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a form of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase that is localized outside of the plasma membrane is an inducible component of a system that is involved in inorganic carbon acquisition and concentration from the growth medium. This article contains a review and analysis of the current literature regarding the extracellular carbonic anhydrase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and presents some new studies on its extracellular localization, physiological role in inorganic carbon acquisition, and some of the structural and catalytic properties of the enzyme. Key words: carbonic anhydrase, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, inorganic carbon utilization.

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Farrell, K., and S. Overton. "Characterization of argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Biochemical Journal 242, no. 1 (February 15, 1987): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2420261.

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We have isolated and characterized argininosuccinate lyase (ASL; EC 4.3.2.1) from the photosynthetic green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The general properties of Chlamydomonas ASL are very similar to those described previously for ASLs from phylogenetically diverse organisms. The algal ASL has a native Mr, determined by gel-filtration chromatography, of 218,000 +/- 25,000, and a pI of 5.4-5.6. The Km for argininosuccinate at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5 is 0.26 mM. The subunit Mr of Chlamydomonas ASL is approx. 50,000, determined by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, in contrast with a previously reported value of 39,000. Rabbit antisera prepared against the Mr-50,000 protein completely abolished ASL activity in vitro. In contrast, serum prepared against the Mr-39,000 protein was ineffective in inhibiting ASL activity. Despite the general similarity of the physical properties of Chlamydomonas ASL and those of other ASLs, antiserum raised against the algal ASL did not cross-react with ASL preparations from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or bovine liver.

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Díaz-Troya, Sandra, Francisco J. Florencio, and José L. Crespo. "Target of Rapamycin and LST8 Proteins Associate with Membranes from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 2 (November 26, 2007): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00361-07.

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ABSTRACT The highly conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a central controller of cell growth in all eukaryotes. TOR exists in two functionally and structurally distinct complexes, termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. LST8 is a TOR-interacting protein that is present in both TORC1 and TORC2. Here we report the identification and characterization of TOR and LST8 in large protein complexes in the model photosynthetic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We demonstrate that Chlamydomonas LST8 is part of a rapamycin-sensitive TOR complex in this green alga. Biochemical fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy studies indicate that TOR and LST8 exist in high-molecular-mass complexes that associate with microsomal membranes and are particularly abundant in the peri-basal body region in Chlamydomonas cells. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae complementation assay demonstrates that Chlamydomonas LST8 is able to functionally and structurally replace endogenous yeast LST8 and allows us to propose that binding of LST8 to TOR is essential for cell growth.

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Bellido-Pedraza, Carmen M., Maria J. Torres, and Angel Llamas. "The Microalgae Chlamydomonas for Bioremediation and Bioproduct Production." Cells 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2024): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13131137.

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The extensive metabolic diversity of microalgae, coupled with their rapid growth rates and cost-effective production, position these organisms as highly promising resources for a wide range of biotechnological applications. These characteristics allow microalgae to address crucial needs in the agricultural, medical, and industrial sectors. Microalgae are proving to be valuable in various fields, including the remediation of diverse wastewater types, the production of biofuels and biofertilizers, and the extraction of various products from their biomass. For decades, the microalga Chlamydomonas has been widely used as a fundamental research model organism in various areas such as photosynthesis, respiration, sulfur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and flagella synthesis, among others. However, in recent years, the potential of Chlamydomonas as a biotechnological tool for bioremediation, biofertilization, biomass, and bioproducts production has been increasingly recognized. Bioremediation of wastewater using Chlamydomonas presents significant potential for sustainable reduction in contaminants and facilitates resource recovery and valorization of microalgal biomass, offering important economic benefits. Chlamydomonas has also established itself as a platform for the production of a wide variety of biotechnologically interesting products, such as different types of biofuels, and high-value-added products. The aim of this review is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Chlamydomonas in these aspects, and to explore their interrelationship, which would offer significant environmental and biotechnological advantages.

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Ogawa, K., R. Kamiya, C. G. Wilkerson, and G. B. Witman. "Interspecies conservation of outer arm dynein intermediate chain sequences defines two intermediate chain subclasses." Molecular Biology of the Cell 6, no. 6 (June 1995): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.6.6.685.

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Immunological analysis showed that antibodies against the intermediate chains (ICs) IC2 and IC3 of sea urchin outer arm dynein specifically cross-reacted with intermediate chains IC78 and IC69, respectively, of Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein. In contrast, no specific cross-reactivity with any Chlamydomonas outer arm polypeptide was observed using antibody against IC1 of sea urchin outer arm dynein. To learn more about the relationships between the different ICs, overlapping cDNAs encoding all of IC2 and IC3 of sea urchin were isolated and sequenced. Comparison of these sequences with those previously obtained for the Chlamydomonas ICs revealed that, although all four chains are homologous, sea urchin IC2 is much more closely related to Chlamydomonas IC78 (45.8% identity), and sea urchin IC3 is much more closely related to Chlamydomonas IC69 (48.5% identity), than either sea urchin chain is related to the other (23.5% identity). For homologous pairs, the similarities extend throughout the full lengths of the chains. Regions of similarity between all four ICs and the IC (IC74) of cytoplasmic dynein, located in the C-terminal halves of the chains, are due primarily to conservation of the WD repeats present in all of these ICs. This is the first demonstration that structural differences between individual ICs within an outer arm dynein have been highly conserved in the dyneins of distantly related species. The results provide a basis for the subclassification of these chains.

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Hamilton, Bradford S., Kazuo Nakamura, and Daniel A. K. Roncari. "Accumulation of starch in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar mutants." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1992): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-039.

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Paralyzed flagellar mutants pf-1, pf-2, pf-7, and pf-18 of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dangeard) were shown to store a significantly greater amount of starch than the motile wild type 137c+. The increase in starch storage was significant relative to protein, chlorophyll, and cell number. Analysis of average cell size revealed that the paralyzed mutants were larger than the wild type. This increase in storage molecule accumulation supports an inverse relationship between chemical energy storage and energy utilization for biomechanical/motile cellular functions. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii provides a useful model for studies of the role of cytoskeletal activity in the energy relationship and balance of organisms.Key words: Chlamydomonas, cytoskeleton, paralyzed flagella, starch, bioenergetics.

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31

Goto, K., and C. H. Johnson. "Is the cell division cycle gated by a circadian clock? The case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Journal of Cell Biology 129, no. 4 (May 15, 1995): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.129.4.1061.

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Circadian oscillators are known to regulate the timing of cell division in many organisms. In the case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, however, this conclusion has been challenged by several investigators. We have reexamined this issue and find that the division behavior of Chlamydomonas meets all the criteria for circadian rhythmicity: persistence of a cell division rhythm (a) with a period of approximately 24 h under free-running conditions, (b) that is temperature compensated, and (c) which can entrain to light/dark signals. In addition, a mutation that lengthens the circadian period of the phototactic rhythm similarly affects the cell division rhythm. We conclude that a circadian mechanism determines the timing of cell division in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

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32

Hou, Qintang, Shi Qiu, Qiong Liu, Jing Tian, Zhangli Hu, and Jiazuan Ni. "Selenoprotein-Transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Nutrients 5, no. 3 (February 26, 2013): 624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5030624.

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33

Matagne, R. F., C. Remacle, and M. Dinant. "Cytoduction in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88, no. 16 (August 15, 1991): 7447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.16.7447.

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34

Hou, Sing-Yi, Elena G. Govorunova, Maria Ntefidou, C. Elizabeth Lane, Elena N. Spudich, Oleg A. Sineshchekov, and John L. Spudich. "Diversity of Chlamydomonas Channelrhodopsins." Photochemistry and Photobiology 88, no. 1 (November 29, 2011): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01027.x.

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35

Fernandez, Emilio, and Aurora Galvan. "Nitrate Assimilation in Chlamydomonas." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 4 (February 29, 2008): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00431-07.

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36

Benning, Christoph. "Fueling research on Chlamydomonas." Plant Journal 82, no. 3 (April 23, 2015): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12831.

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37

Goodenough, Ursula, Huawen Lin, and Jae-Hyeok Lee. "Sex determination in Chlamydomonas." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 18, no. 3 (June 2007): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.02.006.

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38

Kindle, Karen L. "Chlamydomonas meets Bavarian beer." Trends in Plant Science 1, no. 10 (October 1996): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(96)82587-0.

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39

Gumpel, NicolaJ, and Saul Purton. "Playing tag with Chlamydomonas." Trends in Cell Biology 4, no. 8 (August 1994): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8924(94)90222-4.

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40

Musgrave, Alan. "Chlamydomonas: a model cell." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 4 (April 1990): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90220-6.

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41

Cross, Frederick R., and James G. Umen. "The Chlamydomonas cell cycle." Plant Journal 82, no. 3 (April 15, 2015): 370–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12795.

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42

Prieto, José L., José R. Pérez-Castiñeira, and José M. Vega. "Thiosulfate reductase from Chlamydomonas." Journal of Plant Physiology 151, no. 4 (January 1997): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80001-6.

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43

Cao, Muqing, Yu Fu, Yan Guo, and Junmin Pan. "Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyceae) colony PCR." Protoplasma 235, no. 1-4 (February 26, 2009): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-009-0036-9.

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44

Kindle, K. L., R. A. Schnell, E. Fernández, and P. A. Lefebvre. "Stable nuclear transformation of Chlamydomonas using the Chlamydomonas gene for nitrate reductase." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 2589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.6.2589.

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We have developed a nuclear transformation system for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using micro-projectile bombardment to introduce the gene encoding nitrate reductase into a nit1 mutant strain which lacks nitrate reductase activity. By using either supercoiled or linear plasmid DNA, transformants were recovered consistently at a low efficiency, on the order of 15 transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA. In all cases the transforming DNA was integrated into the nuclear genome, usually in multiple copies. Most of the introduced copies were genetically linked to each other, and they were unlinked to the original nit1 locus. The transforming DNA and nit+ phenotype were stable through mitosis and meiosis, even in the absence of selection. nit1 transcripts of various sizes were expressed at levels equal to or greater than those in wild-type nit+ strains. In most transformants, nitrate reductase enzyme activity was expressed at approximately wild-type levels. In all transformants, nit1 mRNA and nitrate reductase enzyme activity were repressed in cells grown on ammonium medium, showing that expression of the integrated nit1 genes was regulated normally. When a second plasmid with a nonselectable gene was bombarded into the cells along with the nit1 gene, transformants carrying DNA from both plasmids were recovered. In some cases, expression of the unselected gene could be detected. With the advent of nuclear transformation in Chlamydomonas, it becomes the first photosynthetic organism in which both the nuclear and chloroplast compartments can be transformed.

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45

Denovan-Wright, Eileen M., and Robert W. Lee. "Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of Chlamydomonas eugametos and Chlamydomonas moewusii." Current Genetics 21, no. 3 (March 1992): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336841.

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46

Omoto, C. K., and C. J. Brokaw. "Bending patterns of Chlamydomonas flagella: II. Calcium effects on reactivated Chlamydomonas flagella." Cell Motility 5, no. 1 (1985): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050105.

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47

Koblenz, Bettina, and Karl-Ferdinand Lechtreck. "The NIT1 Promoter Allows Inducible and Reversible Silencing of Centrin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 11 (November 2005): 1959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.11.1959-1962.2005.

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ABSTRACT An inverted repeat corresponding to parts of the centrin gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was placed downstream of the NIT1 promoter, which is induced by ammonium starvation. After induction, transformants developed centrin deficiency as assayed by immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Northern blotting. The effect was reversible, demonstrating that the NIT1 promoter allowed controlled RNA interference in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

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48

Podstavková, Svetlana, Daniel Vlček, Eva Miadoková, and Andrea Slivková. "The localization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii repair genes." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 82 (November 21, 1996): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/82/1996/97.

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49

Detmers, Patricia A. "Elongation of cytoplasmic processes during gametic mating: Models for actin-based motility." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-078.

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The acrosomal processes of Thyone and Limulus sperm and the fertilization tubule of mt+ gametes of Chlamydomonas are interesting models for actin-based motility. Each is a long thin process that elongates rapidly and contains a core of actin filaments having uniform polarity: arrowheads formed by myosin subfragments point toward the base of the processes. In Limulus, directed outgrowth of the acrosomal process is achieved by a rearrangement in the packing of superhelically coiled actin filaments that form during spermatogenesis. In contrast, outgrowth of the acrosomal process in Thyone and the fertilization tubule in Chlamydomonas is accompanied by actin polymerization. Both Thyone and Chlamydomonas possess structures, the actomere and the doublet zone, respectively, that serve as microfilament organizing centers, nucleating actin polymerization and defining the polarity of the growing filaments. Alkalinization of the cytoplasm may promote polymerization of actin in Thyone, whereas an apparent rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is associated with the transmission of intracellular signals during mating in Chlamydomonas. Further examination of these three actin-based motile systems should provide new insights into the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton, a process critical for many forms of nonmuscle cellular motility.

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Ali, Sayeda M., Ahmed M. Aboseif, Ahmed D. El-Gamal, and Ahmad K. El-hammady. "Microbial biomass production using sugarcane industrial by-products and their application to Nile tilapia aquaculture." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1705rjbt130142.

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The sugarcane industrial wastewater is considered as one of the main sources of River Nile pollution. Here we study the possibility of using sugarcane wastewater effluent amended with molasses and clay factory as a culture medium for growth and biomass production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Azotobacter chroococcum and the possibility of using this biomass for Oreochromis niloticus aquaculture. Results of this study indicated that some physico-chemical analyses of waste water are non-compliant with Law 48/1982 such as decreasing values of dissolved oxygen (0.77 mg/1), increasing temperature (40-50°C) and increasing values of chemical oxygen demand (31.5 mgO2/l). These pollutants were dealt for growth and biomass production of Azotobacter chroococcum and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii after amendment with molasses and industrial clay (press mud). Results showed that the wastewater amended with 1% press mud, 1% molasses and 0.5g/l CaCO3 was the best for A. chroococcum. In addition, high growth of Chlamydomonas was obtained in the sugarcane wastewater amended with 1% molasses with 0.5% press mud. Moreover, addition of Azotobacter had positive effect on growth of Chlamydomonas especially when added after 24 hours of Chlamydomonas growth. Biomass of both C. reinhardtii and A. chroococcum (which was grown on sugar can industrial by-products) has high potential for Oreochromis niloticus aquaculture, where highest weight gain and specific growth rate of fish were recorded. Further research work is needed to confirm the safety and viability of this microbial biomass produced from industrial sugar cane by-products in Nile tilapia aquaculture.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chlamydomonas'

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