Journal articles: 'Chlorhexidine gluconate'

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Rubin, Caroline, Rufina Bavin Louthan, Erica Wessels, Mary-Bridgid McGowan, Shantee Downer, and Jeanne Maiden. "Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 36, no. 2 (2013): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0b013e31828404d1.

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Basrani, Bettina. "Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Australian Endodontic Journal 31, no. 2 (August 2005): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2005.tb00221.x.

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Kumar, G. Vinay, Veerendra Uppin, and Arvind Shenoy. "Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Various Root Canal Irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis." World Journal of Dentistry 2, no. 3 (2011): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1085.

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ABSTRACT Aims To compare the antibacterial effects of various root canal irrigants against E.faecalis. Irrigants tested were 5.25% NaOCl, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 0.2% cetrimide individually and combined. Materials and methods Root canal preparation was performed on 120 extracted permanent maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth. Following root canal preparation, apical foramina were sealed with epoxy resin to prevent bacterial leakage. The root canals were then contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. After incubation, the contaminated roots were divided into four groups of 30 each. 2 mm of irrigant was delivered which remained in the canal for 10 minutes. The canals were then irrigated with 1 ml saline solution and with size 45 sterile paper point bacteria were sampled. The growth of E. faecalis which occurred in the tubes was inoculated onto blood agar plates. Statistical analysis Difference between the antibacterial efficacies of irrigants was evaluated statistically using chi-square test. Results There was no significant difference between the antibacterial efficacies of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate alone and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate with 0.2% cetrimide, but both had a significantly lower antibacterial effect than 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Within limitations of this study, it was concluded that the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate had a higher antibacterial effect than 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate alone and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate with cetrimide. There was no significant difference between the antibacterial efficacies of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate alone and 0.25% chlorhexidine with certrimide.

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PATTON, DOROTHY L., YVONNE T. COSGROVE SWEENEY, TAMYRA L. McKAY, SHAUNE M. DeMERS, AGNES M. CLARK, LORNA K. RABE, and SHARON L. HILLIER. "0.25% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 25, no. 8 (September 1998): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199809000-00007.

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Noviyanti, Amalia, I. Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus, and Rahmad Arifin. "THE EFFECT OF IRONWOOD STEM BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) ON THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans ON ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE PLATE." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 6, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v6i1.10634.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans is plaque-forming initiator bacteria. Plaque on the surface base of denture can cause color changing, bad breath, inflammation, and infection called denture stomatitis. Denture hygiene must be maintained by denture soaking in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. However, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconatethat used incessantly can cause side effects such as the changing of denture color and the fading of denture base pigmentation. The ironwood stem bark extract can be an alternative for denture cleanser material. Objectives: To analyze the effect of ironwood stem bark extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans on heat cured type acrylic resin denture plate. Methods: True experimental laboratories research was used with post test only control group design using 9 treatment groups which are 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and aquadest. The treatment was performed with 3 times repetition resulting in 27 total samples. Antibacterial activity was measured by calculating the bacteria colony number. Results: The 5% and 10% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract were effective in reducing Streptococcus mutans with30.3 CFU/ml and 10.3 CFU/ml average colony number. The ironwood stem bark extracts with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration are effective and equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Streptococcus mutans with 0 CFU/ml average value. Conclusion: The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract is equally effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconatein killing Streptococcus mutans,exhibiting potential to be an alternative for denture cleanser material.Keyword: 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, ironwood stem bark extract, acrylic resin denture plate heat cured type, Streptococcus mutans.

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Ummah, Afin Aslihatul, Laksmiari Setyowati, and Ketut Suardita. "Cytotoxicity test of 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) and 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells." Conservative Dentistry Journal 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.54-57.

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Background. Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of endodontic irrigants that has excellence capability to penetrate into dentin tubules and kill the pathogenic bacteria there. On the other hand, chlorhexidine gluconate has side effects to cause allergic reactions of the tissue and discoloration of the teeth. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp can be considered as a natural alternative irrigant that usually has a good tolerance to the body. Purpose. The aim of this study compared the cytotoxicity between 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp and 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Methods. This study used experimental post-test only control group design. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp preliminary cytotoxicity tested in various concentrations. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp classified as a non-toxic concentration at 0,78%. Cytotoxicity of 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp compare with cytotoxicity of 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate using MTT assay method. Cytotoxicity of material can be seen from % of cell viability. Viable cell measured by the result of optical density that read by ELISA reader 620 nm. Result. 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp showed lower cytotoxicity than 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21fibroblast cells. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the study groups (P<0,05). Conclusion. 0,78% xanthone from mangosten pericarp showed lower cytotoxicity than 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells.

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Bhende, Shubhangi, and Daniel Spangler. "In Vitro Assessment of Chlorhexidine Gluconate–Impregnated Polyurethane Foam Antimicrobial Dressing Using Zone of Inhibition Assays." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 25, no. 8 (August 2004): 664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502458.

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AbstractObjective:To evaluate an antimicrobial dressing consisting of hydrophilic polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate for activity against several antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates as well as American Type Culture Collection reference strains using zone of inhibition assays.Methods:Sterile foam samples with chlorhexidine gluconate and untreated controls were transferred onto inoculated agar plates. Plates were incubated at 35°C to 37° C for 24 hours and examined for zones of inhibition around the foam samples.Results:Polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate showed antimicrobial activity in vitro against all of the challenge organisms including antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates.Conclusion:The data from this in vitro study support the hypothesis that polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate has an antimicrobial effect against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus species, as well as Candida species.

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Khan, Mohammad, Zeehaida Mohamed, Saedah Ali, Norkhafizah Saddki, Sam’an Malik Masudi, and Ninin Sukminingrum. "Oral Care Effect on Intubated Patient with 0.2 per cent Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Tooth Brushing in Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 8, no. 1-2 (May 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2229411217729099.

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Aims and Objectives: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of oral care with both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlor-hexidine gluconate compared to 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate alone for the intubated patient in an intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: Patient screening was done over a period of two months. After taking informed consent, those ICU patients were divided into two groups. Only nine subjects were enrolled. During the study, the experimental group (N = 4) got oral care that consisted of both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate thrice a day. The control group got oral care with 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate alone thrice a day. The data were analysed by IBM statistical software SPPS, version 24. Results: Preliminary results suggest that the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients can be reduced by maintaining thrice-daily oral care involving both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate. Conclusion: Thrice-daily oral care consisted of both tooth brushing and 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate might be a promise as a ventilator-associated pneumonia-reduction strategy in ICU. Furthermore, more studies are required for its application widely.

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Chapman, Leigh, Lisa Hargett, Theresa Anderson, Jacqueline Galluzzo, and Paul Zimand. "Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing Program to Reduce Health Care–Associated Infections in Both Critically Ill and Non–Critically Ill Patients." Critical Care Nurse 41, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2021340.

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Background Critical care nurses take care of patients with complicated, comorbid, and compromised conditions. These patients are at risk for health care–associated infections, which affect patients’ lives and health care systems in various ways. Objective To gauge the impact of routinely bathing patients with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution on the incidence of health care–associated infections in a medical-surgical intensive care unit and a postoperative telemetry unit; to outline the framework for a hospital-wide presurgical chlorhexidine gluconate bathing program and share the results. Methods A standard bathing protocol using a 4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution was developed. The protocol included time studies, training, monitoring, and surveillance of health care–associated infections. Results Consistent patient bathing with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate was associated with a 52% reduction in health care–associated infections in a medical-surgical intensive care unit. The same program in a postoperative telemetry unit yielded a 45% reduction in health care–associated infections. Conclusion A comprehensive daily 4% chlorhexidine gluconate bathing program can be implemented with standardized protocols and detailed instructions and can significantly reduce the incidence of health care–associated infections in intensive care unit and non–intensive care unit hospital settings.

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Dwipriastuti, Devi, R. Rama Putranto, and Welly Anggarani. "PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS CHLORHEXIDINE GLUKONAT 0,2% DENGAN TEH HIJAU (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) TERHADAP JUMLAH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS." ODONTO : Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.4.1.50-54.

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Background: Periodontitis is a periodontal inﬂammation caused by plaque that contains pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of them. Chlorhexidine therapy used to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria causing periodontitis. Green tea contains polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-3-gallic as antibacterial agent that can kill the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study aims to determine diﬀerences in the eﬀectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with green tea (Camellia sinensis) various concentrations to decrease the amount of bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis.Method: This research was experimental with post test only design. Method used in antibacterial test was a drop plate misra. The experimental group consisted of six groups: chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and green tea group with a concentration of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%. minimum bactericidal concentrations againts Porphyromonas gingivalis was evidenced by counting the number of colonies that formed on agar. Analysis data was using One Way ANOVA continued by Post hoc tests Tamhane.Result: The results showed that chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with green tea eﬀective to decrease the amount of bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis(ANOVA p <0.05). The results between the groups showed green tea 100%, 75% and 25%, have same eﬀect compared to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% in reducing Porphyromonas gingivalis.Conclusion: In this experiment showed that chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and green tea extract 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% were able to decrease the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

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Shah, Hena N., Jennifer L. Schwartz, Gaye Luna, and Deborah L. Cullen. "Bathing With 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 39, no. 1 (2016): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0000000000000096.

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Dorner, Irene. "Handwashing with chlorhexidine gluconate products." Journal of Hospital Infection 16, no. 2 (August 1990): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(90)90067-x.

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Mangold, Theresa, Erin Kinzel Hamilton, Helen Boehm Johnson, and Rene Perez. "Standardising intraoperative irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate in caesarean delivery to reduce surgical site infections: A single institution experience." Journal of Perioperative Practice 30, no. 1-2 (May 13, 2019): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750458919850727.

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Background Surgical site infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following caesarean delivery. Objective To determine whether standardising intraoperative irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate during caesarean delivery could decrease infection rates. Methods This was a process improvement project involving 742 women, 343 of whom received low-pressured 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation during caesarean delivery over a one-year period. Infection rates were compared with a standard-of-care control group (399 women) undergoing caesarean delivery the preceding year. Results The treatment group infection rate met the study goal by achieving a lower infection rate than the control group, though this was not statistically significant. A significant interaction effect between irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate and antibiotic administration time existed, such that infection occurrence in the treatment group was not dependent on antibiotic timing, as opposed to the control group infection occurrence, which was dependent on antibiotic timing. Conclusion Intraoperative irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate during caesarean delivery did not statistically significantly reduce the rate of infections. It did render the impact of antibiotic administration timing irrelevant in prevention of surgical site infection. This suggests a role for 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation in mitigating infection risk whether antibiotic prophylaxis timing is suboptimal or ideal.

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Ferraz, Caio C. R., Brenda P. F. A. Gomes, Alexandre A. Zaia, Fabrício B. Teixeira, and Francisco J. Souza-Filho. "Comparative study of the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine solution and sodium hypochlorite as endodontic irrigants." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 4 (2007): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000400004.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate gel as an endodontic auxiliary chemical substance compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate solution. The antimicrobial efficacy of the tested substances was evaluated using the agar diffusion test. The growth inhibition zones produced by 0.2%, 1% and 2% chlorhexidine gel were evaluated against 5 facultative anaerobic bacteria and 4 pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes, and compared to the results obtained by NaOCl and chlorhexidine solution. The largest growth inhibition zones were produced when the test bacteria were in contact with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (11.79 mm), being significantly different (p<0.05) from the growth inhibition zones produced by all NaOClconcentrations, including 5.25% (9.54 mm). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the growth inhibition zones obtained with equal concentrations of chlorhexidine solution and gel. The results of this study indicate that, as far as its antimicrobial properties are concerned, chlorhexidine gel has a great potential to be used as an endodontic auxiliary chemical substance.

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Puspitasari, Dewi, Andi Soufyan, and Ellyza Herda. "Aplikasi klorheksidin glukonat 2%pada dentin tidak mempengaruhi kuat rekat geserkomposit resinyangmenggunakansistem adesif self etch (2% Chlorhexidine gluconate application on dentine does not affect bond strength of resin composite using self etch adhesive system)." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v13i1.379.

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Composite resin is a widely used aesthetic restoration. The restoration can fail due to secondary caries. Chlorhexidinegluconate 2% is used as a cavity disinfectant to eliminate microorganisms on the prepared cavity and to prevent thesecondary caries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 2% to the bondstrength of composite resin with self etch system adhesive on dentine. Sixteen specimens of buccal dentine of premolarscrown are divided into 2 different groups. Group I: Clearfil SE Bond self-etch primer was applied for 20 seconds,Clearfil SE Bond bonding was applied for 5 seconds and polymerized for 10 seconds. Composite resin was constructedincrementally and polymerized for 20 seconds. Group II: prior to self etch primer application as in group I,chlorhexidine gluconate 2% was applied for 15 seconds. Shear bond strength was tested using Testing machine andanalyzed with unpaired T test. The highest shear bond strength was obtained by applying chlorhexidine gluconate 2%.The study concludes that chlorhexidine gluconate 2% application to dentine did not affect significantly to the bondstrength composite resin using self etch adhesive systems.

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Ekizoglu, Melike Tunçay, Meral Özalp, Nedim Sultan, and Deniz Gür. "An Investigation of the Bactericidal Effect of Certain Antiseptics and Disinfectants on Some Hospital Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 24, no. 3 (March 2003): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502194.

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AbstractThe effect of widely used antiseptics and disinfectants on some hospital isolates of gram-negative bacteria was assessed by the quantitative suspension test. Chlorhexidine gluconate (4%), savlon (1:100), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite were tested. Savlon and chlorhexidine gluconate were effective at in-use concentrations and sodium hypochlorite was effective at 1:50 dilution.

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Waskito, Hadi, Maharani Laillyza Apriasari, and Juliyatin Putri Utami. "ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF MAULI BANANA STEM EXTRACT, BASIL LEAF EXTRACT, AND THEIR COMBINATION ON Candida albicans." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v5i2.8971.

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ABSTRACTBackgrounds: Oral candidiasis is an oral infection caused by abnormal growth of Candida albicans. The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate as a prophylactic mouthwash is conducted for oral candidiasis therapy. Prolonged use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate is recorded to instigate side effects. Mauli banana stem extract and basil leaf extract demonstrate antifungal properties ascribed to their contents. Objective: To prove that the antifungal effect of 25% concentration of mauli banana stem extract, 12.5% concentration of basil leaf extract, and 25%, 50%, and 75% concentration of mauli banana stem and basil leaf combination extract on Candida albicans are comparable to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Methods: This study was resolved by applying the true experimental design with post-test only and control group design which consisted of 6 treatments. Group I was given Mauli banana stem extract with 25% concentration, group II was given basil leaf extract with 12.5% concentration, group III, IV, and IV were given the combination of Mauli banana stem and basil leaf extracts with 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, group VI was given 1% chlorhexidine gluconate as a positive control. Each treatment was served with four times repetition. Antibacterial effectivity was assessed through the inhibition zone measurement of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate growth using the diffusion method. Results: This study revealed that the average diameter of inhibition zone formed in group I was 6-6.3 mm, group II was 6-6.2 mm, group III was 6-6.2 mm, group IV was 7-7.2 mm, group V was 10.2-11.4 mm, and group VI was 23.7-24.8 mm. Conclusion: The antifungal effect of mauli banana stem extract at 25% concentration, basil leaf extract at 12.5% concentration, and mauli banana stem and basil leaf combination extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentration on Candida albicans has been proven but not equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate.Keywords: Basil leaf extract, Candida albicans,inhibition zone, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, diffusion method, Mauli banana stem extract,.

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Bhardwaj, Pooja, Elizabeth Ziegler, and Kelli L. Palmer. "Chlorhexidine Induces VanA-Type Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Enterococci." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 4 (January 25, 2016): 2209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02595-15.

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ABSTRACTChlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide antiseptic used for infection control. Vancomycin-resistantE. faecium(VREfm) is among the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. VREfm may be exposed to chlorhexidine at supra- and subinhibitory concentrations as a result of chlorhexidine bathing and chlorhexidine-impregnated central venous catheter use. We used RNA sequencing to investigate how VREfm responds to chlorhexidine gluconate exposure. Among the 35 genes upregulated ≥10-fold after 15 min of exposure to the MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate were those encoding VanA-type vancomycin resistance (vanHAX) and those associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility (liaXYZ). We confirmed thatvanAupregulation was not strain or species specific by querying other VanA-type VRE. VanB-type genes were not induced. ThevanHpromoter was found to be responsive to subinhibitory chlorhexidine gluconate in VREfm, as was production of the VanX protein. UsingvanHreporter experiments withBacillus subtilisand deletion analysis in VREfm, we found that this phenomenon is VanR dependent. Deletion ofvanRdid not result in increased chlorhexidine susceptibility, demonstrating thatvanHAXinduction is not protective against chlorhexidine. As expected, VanA-type VRE is more susceptible to ceftriaxone in the presence of sub-MIC chlorhexidine. Unexpectedly, VREfm is also more susceptible to vancomycin in the presence of subinhibitory chlorhexidine, suggesting that chlorhexidine-induced gene expression changes lead to additional alterations in cell wall synthesis. We conclude that chlorhexidine induces expression of VanA-type vancomycin resistance genes and genes associated with daptomycin nonsusceptibility. Overall, our results indicate that the impacts of subinhibitory chlorhexidine exposure on hospital-associated pathogens should be further investigated in laboratory studies.

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Small, Heather, Debra Adams, Anna L. Casey, Cynthia T. Crosby, Peter A. Lambert, and Thomas Elliott. "Efficacy of Adding 2% (w/v) Chlorhexidine Gluconate to 70% (v/v) Isopropyl Alcohol for Skin Disinfection Prior to Peripheral Venous Cannulation." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 29, no. 10 (October 2008): 963–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/590664.

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We undertook a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol with the efficacy of 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol alone for skin disinfection to prevent peripheral venous catheter colonization and contamination. We found that the addition of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate reduced the number of peripheral venous catheters that were colonized or contaminated.

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Hemalatha E, Bhuvaneshwari G, and Kalyani M. "Comparative analysis of novel suspension testing and agar cup diffusion methods in establishing the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against ethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL2 (July 31, 2020): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl2.2693.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one among the leading nosocomial pathogens worldwide. It is therefore necessary to decrease and to prevent a rebound of growth. Comparison of novel suspension testing method and agar cup diffusion method results in determination of the sensitive method to identify effectiveness of disinfectants against microbial activity. This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness among novel suspension testing and agar cup diffusion method to determine disinfectant susceptibility and also to identify the efficacy of ethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate at manufacturer’s concentration against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. Each isolate was subjected to novel suspension testing method and agar cup diffusion method with ethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate, the results were observed and recorded. The 50 isolates, sensitive strains showed 100% sensitivity to chlorhexidine gluconate and 95% to ethanol. Whereas resistant strains showed 100% sensitivity to chlorhexidine gluconate, 75% were sensitive to ethanol. Both agar cup diffusion method and novel suspension method yielded similar results. With the advantage of easy processing and less time consumption, agar cup diffusion method can be routinely used for determining the disinfectant susceptibility testing.

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Petlin, Ann, Marilyn Schallom, Donna Prentice, Carrie Sona, Paula Mantia, Kathleen McMullen, and Cassandra Landholt. "Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing to Reduce Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Acquisition." Critical Care Nurse 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2014943.

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BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a virulent organism causing substantial morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Chlorhexidine gluconate, a topical antiseptic solution, is effective against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including MRSA. Objectives To examine the impact of a bathing protocol using chlorhexidine gluconate and bath basin management on MRSA acquisition in 5 adult intensive care units and to examine the cost differences between chlorhexidine bathing by using the bath-basin method versus using prepackaged chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths.MethodsThe protocol used a 4-oz bottle of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate soap in a bath basin of warm water. Patients in 3 intensive care units underwent active surveillance for MRSA acquisition; patients in 2 other units were monitored for a new positive culture for MRSA at any site 48 hours after admission.ResultsBefore the protocol, 132 patients acquired MRSA in 34333 patient days (rate ratio, 3.84). Afterwards, 109 patients acquired MRSA in 41376 patient days (rate ratio, 2.63). The rate ratio difference is 1.46 (95% CI, 1.12–1.90; P = .003). The chlorhexidine soap and bath basin method cost $3.18 as compared with $5.52 for chlorhexidine-impregnated wipes (74% higher).ConclusionsThe chlorhexidine bathing protocol is easy to implement, cost-effective, and led to decreased unit-acquired MRSA rates in a variety of adult intensive care units.

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Sari, Emel, and Ilhan Birinci. "Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/080506-320.1.

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Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.

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Benakatti, Veena B., Abhijit P. Patil, Jayashee Sajjanar, Supriya S. Shetye, Ulhas N. Amasi, and Raghunath Patil. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect and Dimensional Stability of Self-disinfecting Irreversible Hydrocolloid: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 10 (2017): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2144.

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ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and dimensional stability of irreversible hydrocolloids mixed with different concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate instead of water. Materials and methods Experimental specimens (45 specimens) were prepared and allocated into three groups of 15 each. Group I: Impression material mixed with distilled water served as control. Groups II and III were prepared with 0.12 and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, respectively. Specimens in each group were subjected to tests for dimensional stability. For antimicrobial activity, 30 specimens were prepared and allocated into three groups of 10 each named as group I (control), group II (0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate), and group III (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate) similar to specimens for dimensional stability. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Results Zones of inhibition were observed around test specimens, but not around control specimens; there was a significant intergroup difference in the diameters of the inhibition zones. In the test for dimensional stability, no significant differences were detected among groups, and the accuracy was clinically acceptable. Conclusion Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material mixed with chlorhexidine exhibits varying degrees of antibacterial activity without influencing the dimensional stability of set material. Clinical significance Many contagious diseases can be prevented by practical control of infection in the dental office. Chlorhexidine gluconate, as a mixing liquid, ensures disinfection of impression, and this method of disinfection is more convenient and avoids extra effort as in other disinfection techniques. How to cite this article Benakatti VB, Patil AP, Sajjanar J, Shetye SS, Amasi UN, Patil R. Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect and Dimensional Stability of Self-disinfecting Irreversible Hydrocolloid: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):887-892.

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Schmudde, Yvonne, Kristi Olson-Sitki, Jennifer Bond, and Jill Chamberlain. "Navel to Knees With Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 38, no. 5 (2019): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dcc.0000000000000371.

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Okano, Masaki. "Anaphylactic Symptoms due to Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Archives of Dermatology 125, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1989.01670130052005.

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Okano, M. "Anaphylactic symptoms due to chlorhexidine gluconate." Archives of Dermatology 125, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.125.1.50.

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Shippey, Stuart H., and Todd K. Malan. "Desquamating Vaginal Mucosa From Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Obstetrics & Gynecology 103, Supplement (May 2004): 1048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000121834.67077.03.

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Chaudhari, AU, VM Karhadkar, PF Waghmare, and AS Jamkhande. "Comparative Evaluation of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Prevention of Plaque Formation and Gingivitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 4 (2011): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1038.

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ABSTRACT Aim To compare the efficacy of turmeric mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in prevention of gingivitis and plaque formation. Materials and methods A total of 100 randomly selected subjects visiting the Department of Periodontology at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Dental College and Hospital, were considered for the study. The gingival index (GI) by Loe and Silness was recorded which was followed by Turesky- Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein plaque index (TQHPI) at 0, 14 and 21 days. Individuals who gave an informed consent, subjects in the age group of 25 to 35 years with having fair and poor gingival index scores and a score >1 for plaque index, were included in the study. Results Results showed statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in mean plaque index (PI) with chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash when compared with turmeric mouthwash. No significant difference in mean gingival index (GI) was seen when chlorhexidine mouthwash was compared with turmeric mouthwash. Significant reduction in total microbial count (p < 0.05) was observed in both the groups. No significant difference was observed in total microbial count when chlorhexidine mouthwash was compared with turmeric mouthwash. Conclusion From the above observations, it can be concluded that chlorhexidine gluconate as well as turmeric mouthwash can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control methods in prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate has been found to be more effective when antiplaque property was considered. Clinical significance From this study, it could be stated that turmeric is definitely a good adjunct to mechanical plaque control. Further studies are required on turmeric based mouthwash to establish it as a low cost plaque control measure. How to cite this article Waghmare PF, Chaudhari AU, Karhadkar VM, Jamkhande AS. Comparative Evaluation of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Prevention of Plaque Formation and Gingivitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4): 221-224.

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Harvi, Dara Puspita, Nur Indrawati Lipoeto, and Hidayati Hidayati. "PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS BERKUMUR MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN PROPOLIS LEBAH 12,38% (APIS MELLIFERA) DAN KLORHEKSIDIN GLUKONAT 0,2 % TERHADAP INDEKS PLAK." Andalas Dental Journal 2, no. 1 (October 6, 2014): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v2i1.111.

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Dental plaque is the primary etiologic in the development of caries and periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% is the mouthwash that is widely used and effective in reducing dental plaque index, but this mouthwash is chemical with few side effects if used for long periods. Propolis is a bee product that has a high content of flavonoids antibacterial and has many benefits in health and has minimal side effects because it belongs to natural product. This study aims to determine differences in the gargling effectiveness using Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and bee propolis solution 12.38% (Apis mellifera) in reducing dental plaque index. The method used in this research was a clinical experimental with the design of one group pretest and posttest. The subjects consisted of 20 students of MA DR. Abd. Ahmad PGAI Padang. Dental plaque index was measured using PHP plaque index before and after gargling using the solution of bee propolis (Apis mellifera) 12.38% and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%. The data of research findings were analyzed using paired T-test (p<0.05). The results show that the mean of plaque index reduction of gargling using the solution of bee propolis 12.38% (Apis mellifera) is 0,88 with the standard deviation of ± 0.66 and the mean of plaque index of gargling using Chlorhexidine gluconate 0. 2% is 1.56 with the standard deviation of ± 0.79. There is a significant difference with p value = 0.005 (p <0.05). Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% shows higher reduction, but this mouthwash is the chemical with few side effects, while the solution of bee propolis 12.38% (Apis mellifera) is a natural substance that is safer to use.

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Bo, Dong, and Cecilia Marcellino Kayombo. "Effect of Nanosilver Gel, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, and Camphorated Phenol on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 19, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/380278.

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Aim. To assess the effectiveness of nanosilver gel (NSG) in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and camphorated phenol (CP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E.f) biofilm. Methods and Materials. Two tests were done, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis, to determine the effectiveness of NSG, CHX, and CP on E.f biofilm. Polystyrene microtiter 96- and 6-well plates were used for MTT and CLSM, respectively. Nanosilver gel was in three concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), chlorhexidine gluconate used was 2%, and camphorated phenol and normal saline were as control. Analysis was done using one-way ANOVA; the post hoc test was run for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among groups (0.05% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and CP, 0.2% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and 2% CHX, 0.2% and NSG and 2% CHX) (P<0.001) and also showed significant difference between groups (P<0.001), f-ratio 87.823. A post hoc Tukey’s test revealed no significant difference between chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.05% nanosilver gel (P>0.05). Conclusions. 0.1% and 0.2% nanosilver gel is more effective on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate and camphorated phenol.

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Armiati, I. Gusti Ketut. "Polishing can reduce discoloration of the nanofiller composite resin filling due to the use of chlorhexidine." Makassar Dental Journal 9, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v9i3.367.

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Nanofiller composite resin (NCR) restoration has a major problem, namely color changes. Polishing are factors that determi-ne color change and if accompanied by the use of mouthwash for a long time can cause more significant color changes. The 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash is a mouthwash that is often used in the community because it has low toxicity. However, using the chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% mouthwash in the long term can cause more significant discoloration. This study is aimed to determine the difference between discoloration of polished and unpolished NCR on the soaking of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. This purely experimental research with a pretest and posttest with control group design, using 24 samples of premolar teeth prepared with class II cavity design and then filled with NCR. The samples were then di-vided into 4 treatment groups, namely polished and non-polished NCR, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash and aqua-dest. Soaking was carried out 24 hours a day for 5 days in an incubator at 37ºC. Color changes of each group were measured using shade guide Vita Classical. The results were analyzed descriptively and the normality was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's homogenity test with significance value of 0.05. Mann-Whitney for the different test. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the discoloration of the polished NCR was smaller than that was not polished on the soaking of chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%

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Powers, Jan, Jennifer Peed, Lindsey Burns, and Mary Ziemba-Davis. "Chlorhexidine Bathing and Microbial Contamination in Patients’ Bath Basins." American Journal of Critical Care 21, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2012242.

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Background Research has demonstrated the hazards associated with patients’ bath basins and microbial contamination. In a previous study, soap and water bath basins in 3 acute care hospitals were found to be reservoirs for bacteria and potentially associated with the development of hospital-acquired infections. Bacteria grew in 98% of the basin samples; the most common were enterococci (54%), and 32% were gram-negative organisms. Objective To assess the presence of bacterial contaminants in wash basins when chlorhexidine gluconate solution is used in place of standard soap and water to wash patients. Methods Bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate is the standard of practice for all patients in intensive care units at St Vincent Hospital. Specimens from 90 bath basins used for 5 days or more were cultured for bacterial growth to assess contamination of basins when chlorhexidine gluconate is used. Results Of the 90 basins cultured, only 4 came back positive for microbial growth; all 4 showed growth of gram-positive organisms. Three of the 4 organisms were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococcus, which is frequently found on the skin. This translates into a 95.5% reduction in bacterial growth when chlorhexidine gluconate is used as compared with soap and water in the previous study (Fisher exact test, P < .001). The only factor that was related to positive cultures of samples from basins was the sex of the patient. Discussion Compared with the previous study examining microbial contamination of basins when soap and water was used to bathe patients, bacterial growth in patients’ bath basins decreased significantly with the use of chlorhexidine gluconate, drastically reducing the risk for hospital-acquired infections. Such reduced risk is especially important for critically ill patients at high risk for bacterial infection.

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Atnawanty, Tia, Sri Yona, and Riri Maria. "EFEKTIFITAS MANDI CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE TERHADAP PENURUNAN ANGKA KEJADIAN HAIs: LITERATURE REVIEW." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37294/jrkn.v4i2.234.

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INTISARI : Latar Belakang: Insiden Health-care Associated Infections (HAIs) atau infeksi yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan di dunia semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya tinggi bagi rumah sakit. Klorheksidin glukonat sebagai antiseptik dengan aktivitas antimikroba spektrum luas telah ditunjukkan dalam beberapa penelitian sebagaiABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penyakit infeksi di fasilitas kesehatan atau disebut juga Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) menjadi masalah besar yang masuk ke rumah sakit karena dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas (kesakitan), angka mortalitas (kematian) dan menambah biaya perawatan yang besar bagi rumah sakit. Chlorhexidine gluconate sebagai antiseptik dengan aktivitas antimikroba spektrum luas merupakan komponen penting dalam pencegahan infeksi. Rutinitas mandi harian di perawatan kritis dan intensif dan mandi sebelum operasi dengan sabun Chlorhexidine gluconatetelah menurunkan infeksi aliran darah, infeksi daerah operasi dan akuisi organisme patogen berbahaya dan resisten yang terdapat di rumah sakit. Namun karena belum konsistennya hasil penelitian terkait hal ini, akibatnya mandi Chlorhexidine belum dilakukan secara universal sebagai prosedur tetap dan masih menyisakan sampai sekarang. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas mandi Chlorhexidine gluconate terhadap penurunan kejadian infeksi yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan dan mikroorganisme penyebabnya.Metode: Penulis melakukan pencarian literatur dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel terindeks yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat menggunakan database seperti Clinical key, Elsevier, ProQuest , dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine bathing, health care related infeksi .Hasil: Dari 3871 artikel umum, dilakukan penyaringan menjadi 269 artikel yang terkait, dikumpulkan sebanyak 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik dan 8 artikel yang sesuai kriteria sebagai bahan kajian literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan Chlorhexidine gluconate secara rutin penerapan “ bundles ” pencegahan dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk kuman patogen yang resisten terhadap antimikroba, namun efektifitas biaya, integritas kulit dan resistensi tetap harus. Kata kunci: chlorhexidine gluconate, mandi chlorhexidine, infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatan ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Infectious diseases in health facilities also known as Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are major problem facing hospitals because they can increase morbidity rates (pain), mortality rates (deaths) and increase the cost of care for hospitals. Chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity is an important component in infection prevention. Daily bathing routine in critical or intensive care and pre-surgery showers with Chlorhexidine soap have reduced bloodstream infections, surgical area infections and the acquisition of harmful and resistant pathogenic organisms found in hospitals. However, due to the inconsistency of research results related to this matter, as a result chlorhexidine bathing has not been done universally as a permanent procedure and still leaves debate until now. This literature review aims to assess the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate baths in reducing the incidence of infections related to health services and their causative microorganisms. Metode: Penulis melakukan pencarian dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel terindeks yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat dari beberapa database seperti Clinical keys, Elsevier, ProQuest dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine bathing, perawatan kesehatan terkait infeksi .Hasil: Dari 3871 artikel umum yang disaring menjadi 269 artikel terkait, didapatkan sebanyak 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik dan 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai bahan studi literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan klorheksidin glukonat secara rutin dengan aplikasi “bundel” pencegahan infeksi dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk patogen resisten antimikroba, namun pertimbangan efektivitas biaya, integritas kulit, dan resistensi tetap harus diperhatikan. Kata kunci: klorheksidin glukonat, mandi klorheksidin, infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatankomponen tant dalam pencegahan infeksi di unit perawatan pasien. Salah satunya dengan rutinitas mandi sehari-hari di ruang perawatan kritis / intensif dan mandi sebelum operasi dengan sabun klorheksidin telah mengurangi infeksi aliran darah, infeksi area operasi dan didapatnya organisme patogen berbahaya dan resisten yang terdapat di rumah sakit. Namun karena ketidakkonsistenan hasil penelitian terkait hal tersebut, akibatnya mandi klorheksidin belum dilakukan secara universal sebagai prosedur permanen dan masih menyisakan perdebatan hingga saat ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menilai keefektifan mandi klorheksidin glukonat dalam mengurangi kejadian infeksi yang berkaitan dengan layanan kesehatan dan mikroorganisme penyebabnya.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran literatur baik nasional maupun internasional yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan database Clinical keys, Elsevier, ProQuest, dan lain-lain.Hasil: Dari hasil pencarian diperoleh sebanyak 22 artikel terkait yang dijadikan studi literatur.Kesimpulan: Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa mandi dengan klorheksidin glukonat secara rutin dengan aplikasi “bundel” pencegahan infeksi dapat menurunkan prevalensi mikroorganisme berbahaya termasuk patogen resisten antimikroba, namun pertimbangan efektivitas biaya, integritas kulit, dan resistensi tetap harus diperhatikan.

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Ruiz-Esparza, CL, A. Garrocho-Rangel, AM Gonzalez-Amaro, H. Flores-Reyes, and AJ Pozos-Guillen. "Reduction in Bacterial Loading Using 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Teeth: A Preliminary Report." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.3.y052311j23617837.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary teeth. Study design: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed that included primary teeth with pulp necrosis. Forty necrotic teeth were included, 20 irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental group) and 20 with sterile saline solution (control group); in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before filling. All samples were evaluated by McFarland's scale. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in the control group (saline), we found a significant decrease of bacterial load (P <0.0002). The same occurred in the chlorhexidine group samples (P <0.0001). When both groups were compared postirrigation,a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate.Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine gluconate showed a greater reduction of intracanal bacterial loading compared with that observed with sterile saline solution. This irrigating solution is suggested as an alternative for pulpectomy of necrotic primary teeth.

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Bashir, Muhammad H., Linda K. M. Olson, and Shelley-Ann Walters. "Suppression of regrowth of normal skin flora under chlorhexidine gluconate dressings applied to chlorhexidine gluconate-prepped skin." American Journal of Infection Control 40, no. 4 (May 2012): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.030.

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Lee, Andrew, Robert Harlan, Autumn R. Breaud, Kathleen Speck, Trish M. Perl, William Clarke, and Aaron M. Milstone. "Blood Concentrations of Chlorhexidine in Hospitalized Children Undergoing Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 4 (April 2011): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659154.

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We collected serial blood samples from children in the intensive care unit who underwent daily bathing with 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths. Low concentrations of CHG were detected in a few blood samples, indicating absorption through intact skin. There was no suggestion that CHG accumulated in the blood with repeated exposures.

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Basrani, Bettina R., Sheela Manek, Rana N. S. Sodhi, Edward Fillery, and Aldo Manzur. "Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Gluconate." Journal of Endodontics 33, no. 8 (August 2007): 966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.001.

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Lampe, M. F., L. M. Ballweber, and W. E. Stamm. "Susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatisto Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.7.1726.

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ABSTRACT To identify topical antimicrobial preparations which may be effective in preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, we examined the activity of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) against Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydial elementary bodies were incubated with dilutions of CHG gel for various times from 0 to 120 min. An aliquot of each dilution was further diluted and was inoculated onto McCoy cell monolayers in individual wells in a 96-well microtiter plate. The cultures were incubated for 48 h, and the chlamydial inclusions were stained and counted. CHG gel diluted fourfold (0.0625% CHG) killed C. trachomatis serovar D, and CHG gel diluted eightfold (0.0313% CHG) killed serovar F immediately upon exposure. CHG gel diluted 16-fold (0.0156% CHG) killed serovar D, and CHG gel diluted 32-fold (0.0078% CHG) killed serovar F after 120 min of exposure. Alteration of the pH over the range of from 4 to 8 did not significantly affect its activity. The addition of 10% whole human blood decreased the CHG gel activity at 0 min but had no significant effect after 120 min of exposure. We conclude that CHG gel may be effective topically against C. trachomatis at concentrations that can be used and under conditions that are found in the female genital tract and that further studies of its antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity in vivo are warranted.

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Aschenbrenner, Diane S. "Rare Allergic Reaction to Topical Chlorhexidine Gluconate." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 117, no. 5 (May 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000516268.32086.24.

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Bajaj, Tarun Inder, Cecilia Loh, and David Borgstrom. "Diluting Chlorhexidine Gluconate: One Scrub or Two?" Surgical Infections 15, no. 5 (October 2014): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/sur.2012.120.

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Kanisavaran, Zahed Mohamadi. "Chlorhexidine gluconate in endodontics: an update review." International Dental Journal 58, no. 5 (October 2008): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00196.x.

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Knudsen, Bodil B., and Christian Avnstrorp. "Chlorhexidine gluconate and acetate in patch testing." Contact Dermatitis 24, no. 1 (January 1991): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01629.x.

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Robinson, John G. A. "Chlorhexidine Gluconate - The Solution for Dental Problems." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 1 (March 1995): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200104.

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Rarely is a chemical agent so effective with so few contra-indications as is chlorhexidine. It has many oral applications, the main ones being the control of plaque and gingivitis. Due to the constraints on oral hygiene in animals, its benefits and indications are especially appropriate to veterinary dental cases. Its full potential is not being realised.

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Hodgins, Justin, James Wright, Andrew Howard, and Joel Fish. "Chlorhexidine-Gluconate-Related Burns Under a Tourniquet." JBJS Case Connector 2, no. 2 (June 27, 2012): e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.k.00072.

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Igarashi, Yoshiharu, and Jun Ichi Suzuki. "Cochlear ototoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate in cats." Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 242, no. 2 (August 1985): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00454417.

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Van Wicklin, Sharon Ann. "Preoperative vaginal preps with chlorhexidine gluconate solution." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195, no. 2 (August 2006): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.002.

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Jácomo, Andréa D. N., Fabio Carmona, Alessandra K. Matsuno, Paulo H. Manso, and Ana P. C. P. Carlotti. "Effect of Oral Hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Incidence of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 6 (June 2011): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660018.

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Objective.To evaluate the effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children undergoing cardiac surgery.Design.Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Setting.Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care hospital.Patients.One hundred sixty children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, randomized into 2 groups: Chlorhexidine (n= 87) and control (n= 73).Interventions.Oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate or placebo preoperatively and twice a day postoperatively until PICU discharge or death.Results.Patients in experimental and control groups had similar ages (median, 12.2 vs 10.8 months;P= .72) and risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery 1 score distribution (66% in category 1 or 2 in both groups;P= .17). The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was 29.8% versus 24.6% (P= .46) and the incidence of VAP was 18.3% versus 15% (P = .57) in the Chlorhexidine and the control group, respectively. There was no difference in intubation time (P= .34), need for reintubation (P= .37), time interval between hospitalization and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P= .63), time interval between surgery and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P= .10), and time on antibiotics (P= .77) and vasoactive drugs (P= .16) between groups. Median length of PICU stay (3 vs 4 days;P= .53), median length of hospital stay (12 vs 11 days;P= .67), and 28-day mortality (5.7% vs 6.8%;P= .77) were also similar in the Chlorhexidine and the control group.Conclusions.Oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate did not reduce the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and VAP in children undergoing cardiac surgery.Trial Registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00829842.

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Stiles, M. E., and A. Z. Sheena. "Efficacy of low-concentration iodophors for germicidal hand washing." Journal of Hygiene 94, no. 3 (June 1985): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400061490.

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SUMMARYThe efficacy of iodophor germicides containing different concentrations of available iodine against transient (inoculated) bacteria and the natural hand microflora was compared with chlorhexidine gluconate (2 and 4%) liquid detergent (Hibitane), non-germicidal soap and a tap water rinse. The tap water rinse was ineffective compared with all other treatments. Only 4% chlorhexidine gluconate liquid detergent and iodophor containing 0·75% available iodine were significantly better than the non-germicidal soap for reduction of transient bacteria,Escherichia coliandPseudomonas fluorescens, that had been inoculated onto hands. These agents also caused a significant reduction in the number of ‘natural’ micro-organisms released from hands after a standard 15 s hand wash. The low-concentration iodophor products and the product containing 2% chlorhexidine gluconate failed to give results significantly better than the non-germicidal control soap. Baird-Parker medium and standard aerobic plate counts were highly correlated (r= 0·82), so that for studies of Gram-negative bacteria inoculated onto hands as a transient microflora, counts on Baird-Parker medium give a reasonable indication of the natural (residual) hand microflora.

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Bhende, Shubhangi, and Stephen Rothenburger. "In Vitro Antimicrobial Effectiveness of 5 Catheter Insertion-Site Dressings." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2309/java.12-4-10.

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Abstract Polyurethane foam dressing impregnated with chlorhexidine gluconate was compared with 4 silver dressings for antimicrobial efficacy. Efficacy of antimicrobial dressings was evaluated using zone of inhibition assay against 7 clinically relevant bacteria and yeast. The test was carried out for up to 7 consecutive days by transferring the dressings daily. Microbiocidal activity exhibited by different dressings within the zone of inhibition was also evaluated as a part of the study. Three silver dressings were similar to each other in performance and had different patterns of efficacy varying from days 1 to 6 than the chlorhexidine dressing. A hydrogel dressing containing silver performed poorly compared to all other dressings. The study results indicated that the antimicrobial dressing impregnated with chlorhexidine gluconate had excellent antimicrobial activity and showed sustained efficacy for a period of 7 days.

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Barros, Catharina e. Silva Monteiro, Jose Guilherme Neves, Ana Paula Terossi de Godoi, Ana Rosa Costa, Mario Vedovello Filho, and Heloisa Cristina Valdrighi. "Can the chlorhexidine gluconate solution potentiate the staining of polycrystalline ceramic brackets?" Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (December 19, 2019): e191647. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657417.

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Aim: The present study aimed to assess, in vitro, the effect of chlorhexidine on the potentiation of polycrystalline ceramic bracket staining. Methods: Seventy-two polycrystalline ceramic brackets of upper right central incisors were divided into six groups (n=12) according to immersion solution. The groups were G1 - distilled water (control); G2 - chlorhexidine; G3 - coffee; G4 - red wine; G5 - chlorhexidine associated with coffee; and G6 - chlorhexidine associated with red wine. The samples were analyzed by means of a spectrophotometer according to the CIEL*a*b* system, and color change (ΔE*) was calculated. The readings were performed at the following times: T0 - After package removal and T1 - After staining. The data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and t tests (p<0.05) at 5% significance level. Results: The total color variation (ΔE*) was greater in the group that received chlorhexidine associated with red wine (p<0.05) and lower in the groups that received distilled water. All other groups showed greater value variations when compared to G1 and G2. Group G6 showed a greater color change due to the potentiation of chlorhexidine with the dye substance. Conclusion: It is concluded that chlorhexidine potentiates the staining caused by red wine in polycrystalline ceramic brackets.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chlorhexidine gluconate'

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