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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chloride aggression

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chloride aggression'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Chloride aggression"

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Bataineh, H., M. H. Al-Hamood, and A. M. Elbetieha. "Assessment of aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in adult male rat following long-term ingestion of four industrial metals salts." Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, no. 10 (1998): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801701008.

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1 The effect of long-term ingestion of the industrial metals salts, manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride was investigated on aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in male rat. Adult male rats ingested solutions of these salts along with drinking water at a concentration of 1000 p.p.m. for 12 weeks. 2 Male rat sexual behavior was suppressed after the ingestion of manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride. The ingestion of solutions of these salts markedly prolonged the intromission and ejaculation latencies. Aluminum chloride an

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Leonovich, S. N., E. E. Shalyi, and L. V. Kim. "Reinforced Concrete under the Action of Carbonization and Chloride Aggression: a Probabilistic Model for Service Life Prediction." Science & Technique 18, no. 4 (2019): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-4-284-291.

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Reinforcement corrosion of marine and coastal hydraulic structures due to chloride aggression and concrete carbonization leads to a sharp decrease in structure safety. The reinforcement is subjected to a depassivation process as soon as a chloride concentration on its surface exceeds a certain threshold concentration, or the pH value in a concrete protective layer is decreased to a threshold value due to carbonation. Electrochemical reactions are realized with formation of corrosion products due to penetration of oxygen up to reinforcement surface. This leads to cracking of the concrete protec

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Molodin, Vladimir Viktorovich, and Denis Sergeevich Novikov. "Features of Degradation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Chloride Aggression." Строительное производство, no. 4 (2022): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54950/26585340_2022_4_121.

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Xu, Aoni, Chaofang Dong, Xin Wei, Xiaogang Li, and Digby D. Macdonald. "The aggression behavior study of Cl− on the defect structure of passive films on copper." RSC Advances 9, no. 28 (2019): 15772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03402a.

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Ovchinnikov, I. I., O. V. Snezhkina, and I. G. Ovchinnikov. "Probabilistic Assessment of the Durability of Reinforced Concrete Piles under Chloride Aggression." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 753 (March 7, 2020): 022072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/753/2/022072.

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Czarnecki, L., and P. Woyciechowski. "Prediction of the reinforced concrete structure durability under the risk of carbonation and chloride aggression." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, no. 1 (2013): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0016.

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Abstract The paper presents an idea of predicting durability of concrete structures with steel reinforcement under conditions of chloride and carbonation corrosion risk. Mechanisms of destruction due to steel corrosion in such conditions are shown. The recently elaborated model of carbonation and general model of chloride diffusion have been discussed. An algorithm of the rest service life time prognosis has been shown and options of its main stages realization have been done. An example of durability prognosis for pre-stressed hollow-core floor slab with upper layer of concrete and epoxy-resi

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Xavier, Gustavo de Castro, Jonas Alexandre, Paulo César de Almeida Maia, et al. "Resistance to Synthetic Seawater Aggression of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with an Ornamental Stone Residue." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.269.

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Clay ceramic materials exposed to a marine environment may be subjected to complete degradation due to the presence of chloride salts in the air. The exposition allows the chloride to penetrate in structural pores causing an internal expansion, which eventually split the ceramic apart. In open air, the solar radiation as well as the rain and wind contribute to accelerate the degradation process. In the present work the laboratory assisted degradation of clay ceramics incorporated with a granite residue from ornamental stone processing was evaluated by synthetic seawater aggression according to

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Shalyy, E. E., S. N. Leonovich, L. V. Kim, V. E. Rumyantseva, and N. A. Budrevich. "Probabilistic model of the combined effect of carbonization and chloride aggression on structural concrete." Вестник гражданских инженеров 15, no. 3 (2018): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-3-123-131.

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Шалый, Евгений, Evgeniy Shalyy, Лев Ким, Lev Kim, Сергей Леонович, and Sergey Leonovich. "REINFORCED CONCRETE UNDER INFLUENCE OF CARBONIZATION AND CHLORIDE AGGRESSION: PROBABLE MODEL OF SERVICE LIFE CALCULATION." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, no. 6 (2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b115a5ef027c2.76676320.

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Duży, Patrycja, Marta Choinska, Izabela Hager, Ouali Amiri, and Jérôme Claverie. "Mechanical Strength and Chloride Ions’ Penetration of Alkali-Activated Concretes (AAC) with Blended Precursor." Materials 15, no. 13 (2022): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134475.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of hardened alkali-activated concrete, which is considered an eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement concrete. In this paper, the precursors for alkali-activated concrete preparations are blends of fly ash and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag in three slag proportions: 5%, 20%, and 35%, expressed as a percentage of fly ash mass. Thus, three concretes were designed and cast, denominated as AAC5, AAC20, and AAC35. Their physical and mechanical characteristics were investigated at 28 and 180 days, as well as their properties of

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chloride aggression"

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Licardie, Giezi A. "Aggressive chlorine induced corrosion of embedded reinforced concrete /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1079666041&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Chloride aggression"

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Leonovich, Sergey, Evgeniy Shalyy, Elena Polonina, Elena Sadovskaya, Lev Kim, and Valentin Dorkin. Durability of port reinforced concrete structures (Far East and Sakhalin). INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816638.

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Section I of the monograph is devoted to an urgent problem - forecasting the durability of port reinforced concrete structures, the destruction of which is associated with corrosion of steel reinforcement caused by chloride aggression and carbonation of concrete. The analysis of models for calculating the service life of structures and experimental data is carried out, the life cycles for the main degradation processes in concrete and reinforcement, the periods of initiation and propagation of corrosion are considered, the influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity) and the qual

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Neligan, Patrick J., and Clifford S. Deutschman. Management of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0256.

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Metabolic acidosis (MA) commonly complicates critical illness, usually manifesting as a fall in arterial pH (<7.4) accompanied by a concomitant fall in serum bicarbonate concentration. Acidosis caused by unmeasured anions (UMA), can be distinguished from Hyperchloraemic acidosis by demonstrating a widening of the anion gap (AG). AG should be corrected for albumin and lactate. The base deficit (BD) calculates degree of metabolic acidosis and represents the amount of strong cation required to restore the pH to 7.4. Neither the AG nor the BD specify the cause of acidosis, and are unhelpful in

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Book chapters on the topic "Chloride aggression"

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Bin Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Haziman, Shahiron Shahidan, Hassan Amer Algaifi, Ahmad Farhan Bin Hamzah, and Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya. "CBA Self-compacting Concrete Exposed to Chloride and Sulphate." In Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Coal Bottom Ash Under Aggressive Environments. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2395-0_3.

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Hernandez, Juan Daniel Cassiani, and Sylvia Keßler. "Reducing the Carbon Footprint of New Reinforced Concrete Structures in Aggressive Environments: From Real Experience to Future Applications." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_58.

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AbstractThe carbon emissions of future reinforced concrete structures need to be considered throughout their entire life cycle to meet CO2 reduction targets. This is critical for structures exposed to aggressive environments, such as chloride, due to the increased risk of reinforcement corrosion. Premature degradation caused by steel corrosion leads to significant repairs, increasing both the CO2 footprint and also the costs of the structure over its service life. This work proposes a design framework that integrates the laboratory performance concept consigned in the new Eurocode 2 and Sustai

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Rumyantseva, Varvara, Viktoriya Konovalova, Boris Narmaniya, and Mikhail Korinchuk. "Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Hydrophobized Concrete Under the Influence of Aggressive Chloride-Containing Medium." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30570-2_2.

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Aiyer, Rohit, and Sarah Money. "Tranquilizers." In Advanced Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584521.003.0047.

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Abstract Tranquilizers over the years have provided physicians a means to help control patients’ anxiety, agitation, and aggression. The major groups of tranquilizers are antipsychotics, specifically butyrophenones, and benzodiazepines. The butyrophenones, such as haloperidol, block dopamine D2 receptors, which clinically results in a reduction in agitation and psychosis. This can be a very effective medication for the treatment of acute delirium, particularly in an inpatient hospital setting. Benzodiazepines are also widely prescribed by clinicians, particularly due to their multipurpose uses

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Üstündağ, Özlem. "Durability Properties of Engineered Cementitous Composites (ECC)." In Production, Properties, and Applications of Engineered Cementitious Composites. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8182-0.ch006.

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The brittle structure of concrete and the crack formation easily under various chemical and physical effects adversely affect its durability against long-term effects under difficult environmental conditions. Unlike ordinary concrete materials, tight microcrack formation under tensile loads, superior strain hardening behavior, and self-healing properties provide ECC high durability under harsh environmental conditions. These properties also make ECC a unique repair material used to renovate damage to existing structures. This study presents a detailed review of ECC's durability properties unde

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Hanini, Karima, Sameh Boudiba, and Merzoug Benahmed. "Reducing Emerging Contaminants Ensuing from Rusting of Marine Steel Installations." In Emerging Contaminants. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95493.

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Marine steel installations are usually subject to biocorrosion due to their immersing in seawater. Biocorrosion-causing microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, often form biofilms on materials, inducing chemical changes in these materials and in the surrounding liquid medium. The formed biofilms resulting from this phenomenon are considered as emerging contaminants. In this work, in addition to the realization of the electrodeposition of zinc on a steel in chloride bath with various concentrations of Taxus baccata extracts as additives using a direct courant supply, the study of the corros

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Leong, K. S., J. A. Magreen, Dr Lee Shyue Leong, and Dr Mohammad Abdul Mannan. "MIX DESIGN OF POLYMER CONCRETE FOR POTHOLE REPAIR." In Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Volume 2 Book 11. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs11p1ch3.

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The increased traffic load due to rapid urbanization causes pavement distresses resulting reduction of service life of flexible pavement. Pavement distress is harmful to road user and vehicle, and it causes accident. Polymer concrete having several advantages can be considered as alternative material for pothole repair. Thus, this study has focused on mix design development of polymer concrete through various performances. In this study, orthophthalic unsaturated polyester resin as binder, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as hardener, acetone and lacquer thinner as diluent, fly ash, silica

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Alswaidani Aref Mohammad and Aliyan Samira Dib. "Durability of mortars and concretes containing scoria-based blended cements." In Construction Materials and Structures. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-835.

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A lot of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Syria went out of service after a few years of construction. This was mainly due to reinforcement corrosion or chemical attack on concrete. The use of blended cements is growing rapidly in the construction industry due to economical, ecological and technical benefits. Syria is relatively rich in scoria. In this study, mortar/concrete specimens were produced with seven types of cement: one plain Portland cement (control) and six blended cements with replacement levels ranging from 10 to 35%. Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) was carried out a

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Dhatariya, Ketan. "Hyperglycaemic Emergencies." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e, edited by John A. H. Wass, Wiebke Arlt, and Robert K. Semple. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0265.

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome (HHS) are the most commonly occurring metabolic medical emergencies. They are seldom the first presentation of diabetes, but most frequently occur due to infection, or non-concordance with prescribed medications. The diagnosis of DKA should only be made if all three components (the ‘D’, the ‘K’, and the ‘A’) are present—with a history of diabetes or a glucose concentration of ≥11.1 mmol/L; a ketone concentration of ≥3.0 mmol/L; and a pH <7.3 and/or a serum bicarbonate of <15.0 mmol/L. HHS has no formal diagnostic criter

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Katsumi T., Inui T., and Kamon M. "Chemical effects on the performance of soil-bentonite cut-off walls for in-situ containment." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-2552.

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Containment with soil-bentonite (SB) cut-off walls is a valid method to prevent the contaminants in subsurface environment from migrating in the aquifer. This paper addresses the laboratory testing results on the hydraulic barrier performance of SB focusing on its chemical compatibility, since the swelling of bentonite, to which the low hydraulic conductivity (k) of the SB is attributed, is significantly influenced by the chemical species and their concentrations in the soil and groundwater. Flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted for SB specimens, which were processed from t

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Conference papers on the topic "Chloride aggression"

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McNallan, M. J., and Y. S. Park. "High Temperature Corrosion of Alloys and Ceramics by Alkali Chlorides." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96441.

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Abstract Alkali chlorides are well known to cause accelerated corrosion. At elevated temperatures, the presence of alkali chlorides as vapors or molten deposits can cause accelerated attack of either high temperature metal alloys or ceramics. The mechanism of attack is different in the two cases, however, with the chlorine component being most aggressive for corrosion of metals and the alkali being most aggressive for corrosion of ceramics. The reaction of the alkali chloride with the oxide scale on metals releases chlorine which causes accelerated corrosion. The corrosion rate can be reduced

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Paul, L. D., and P. L. Daniel. "Corrosion Mechanisms in Oxidizing, Reducing, and Alternating Combustion Gases in Refuse-Fired Boiler Environments." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93216.

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Abstract Corrosion has been observed in the lower furnace and superheaters of some refuse-fired boilers. This corrosion is associated with the presence of molten chloride salts on the boiler tube surface. During combustion of refuse large amounts of alkali chloride vapors can be released in the lower furnace of the boiler. These alkali chloride vapors can subsequently be condensed on the relatively cooler boiler tube surfaces. The most corrosive conditions in the refuse boiler correspond to the alkali chloride deposits, which can form molten salt mixtures on the tube surfaces in the lower furn

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Daily, Steven F., and Kevin Kendell. "Corrosion Protection of New Reinforced Concrete Structures in Aggressive Environments." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98644.

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Abstract Concrete structures located in aggressive environments where high temperatures and high chloride levels exist in both natural soils and water are subject to premature deterioration from corrosion of the reinforcement. Traditional methods of corrosion protection, such as concrete admixtures and passive barrier systems, may not be sufficient to provide the level of corrosion control needed for the intended design life. As a solution to this problem the use of cathodic protection (or cathodic prevention as it is called) at the time of construction is proposed. Although cathodic protectio

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Carranza, Ricardo M., Martín A. Rodríguez, and Raúl B. Rebak. "Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06626.

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Abstract Alloy 22 (N06022) is highly resistant to localized corrosion. Alloy 22 may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in pure chloride (Cl-) solutions under aggressive environmental conditions. The effect of the fluoride (F-) over the crevice corrosion induced by chloride ions is still not well established. The objective of the present work was to explore the crevice corrosion resistance of this alloy to different mixtures of fluorides and chlorides. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests were conducted in deaerated aqueous solutions of pure halide ions and also in different mixture

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Gates, Emily, Barbara Padgett, Bill Harper, Brett Tossey, and John Shingledecker. "Corrosion Resistance of Alloys in Calcium Bromide and Calcium Chloride Solutions." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09749.

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Abstract Calcium bromide is used in the coal fire power plant industry to help control mercury emissions. Adding bromide ions to the flue gas can cause the total halide ion content of the downstream Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD) slurry to increase. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bromide additions in chloride-rich WFDG slurries on the crevice corrosion resistance of commercially-available corrosion resistant alloys. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) was used to collect voltage-current traces for each alloy. The traces were analyzed to estimate the perfo

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Castro, P., R. Castillo, and L. Maldonado. "Penetration of Chlorides and Rebar Corrosion in Concrete Columns of Two Buildings at a Marine Site." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96321.

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Abstract A corrosion potential mapping and a chloride content survey were done in two public buildings in the port of Progreso, Yucatán, México, in order to detect the chloride penetration mechanisms that could be related to the observed corrosion processes. The Center for Marine Technical Studies (CETMAR) and High School # 6 (ES6) are schools constructed at the seashore and at 800 m. from the shoreline, respectively. The preliminary inspection evaluated the direction in which the aggressive agents are acting, the topography of the land and the damaged zones. A detailed inspection of the schoo

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Hibner, Edward L., Evan B. Hinshaw, and Debbie S. Fende. "A Highly Corrosion Resistant 6% Molybdenum Austenitic Stainless Steel for Chemical Process Applications." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96435.

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Abstract Alloy 25-6MO (UNS N08926) is a fully austenitic alloy containing 6% molybdenum and 0.2% nitrogen, which offers excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of aggressive, aqueous environments. It replaces conventional, austenitic stainless steels (UNS S31600 and S31700), where their capabilities are pushed to their performance limits. One of the outstanding attributes of alloy 25-6MO is its resistance to environments containing chlorides or other halides. The alloy is especially resistant to non-oxidizing acids such as sulfuric and phosphoric. Alloy 25-6MO exhibits excellent resis

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Taylor, Christopher D. "The Corrosion Susceptibility Index- a Physics-Based Indicator of Localized Corrosion and Environmental Assisted Cracking Susceptibility for Alloys." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19408.

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Abstract A physics-based model has been developed to improve the fundamental understanding of the active chemistry of metal and alloy surfaces that are exposed during aggressive pitting or the growth of an environmentally assisted crack in media containing chlorides and sulfides. In such cases, the perpetuation of corrosion or cracking depends on the interactions between the chemical species in the environment, the composition of the freshly exposed material surfaces and the underlying microstructure. A method for directly calculating the dominant chemical reactions occurring at such freshly e

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Burkert, Andreas, Gerd Eich, and Ralph Baessler. "Integrated Protection System for Chloride Deteriorated Concrete Structures." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04720.

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Abstract Corrosion damages in chloride deteriorated reinforced concrete structures require expensive repair measures. Especially traffic areas exposed to de-icing salts and also structures in coastal regions or aggressive soils are affected. On parking decks and bridges the chlorides mainly effect on horizontal areas and could reach the reinforcement within a very short time. This paper will present investigations of an integrated protection system basing on thermal-sprayed zinc and a sealing coating. This protection system was applied to 40 reinforced concrete specimens, varying in water/ceme

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Al-Amoudi, Omar Saeed Baghabra. "Protection of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Chloride-Sulfate Exposures." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07279.

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Abstract Marine, coastal and offshore environments or soils charged with concentrated brines are characterized by high concentrations of chlorides and sulfates. The influence of sulfate ions on chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete has not been well documented in the literature. An exemplary situation, where these salts exist concomitantly, is the sabkha soil which prevails in many parts of the world. The severity of sabkha environment has resulted in a lot of resources being spent on repair and rehabilitation of the deteriorated concrete infrastructures. This paper summa

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Reports on the topic "Chloride aggression"

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Beavers, Gui, and Sridhar. PR-186-073508-R01 Environmental and Stress Factors that Produce SCC in Existing Ethanol Facilities. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010441.

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The potential exists for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel pipelines transporting fuel grade ethanol (FGE) and FGE- gasoline blends. The objective of SCC 4-3 Phase 2 was determine if inhibitors are effective in preventing SCC growth under more realistic field conditions than those found in the slow strain rate (SSR) tests performed previously. The results of the research demonstrated that: 1. Un-notched SSR test results generally correlated well with the results of the crack growth tests using precracked CT specimens, although the latter test technique was somewhat more aggressiv

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