Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chlorinated aromatic'

Chlorinated aromatic compounds are an important group of compounds. Many of them have been produced in large quantities and they are indispensable to technological and societal benefits. But regulatory agencies have tightened regulations on the use and release of chlorinated aromatic compounds because of the scientific understanding of their toxicity, persistence, behavior in the environment and their potential to cause adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health.<br>Pentachlorophenol (PCP), octachloronaphthalene and decachlorobiphenyl are all highly chlorinated aromatic compounds, of which, PCP has been used mainly as a biocide. Octachloronaphthalene and decachlorobiphenyl don't have practical use, but their congeners have been used widely as chemicals in industry. These compounds are toxic, recalcitrant and bio-accumulated within organisms. As the conventional treatment, incineration of these compounds can cause more serious problems, so that suitable alternatives need to be developed for their detoxification.<br>When compared with biodegradation or the thermal treatment of these compounds, chemical degradations have several merits. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation and growth from cyclopentadiene (CPD) moieties have been investigated using a laminar flow reactor and molecular modeling. The resonance-stabilized cyclopentadienyl radical is readily formed in flames and can participate in PAH growth to soot by reaction with the ??onds of aromatic species. Both CPD pyrolysis and computational results indicate that formation of indene and benzene is favored at low temperatures (below 750oC) and formation of naphthalene is favored at high temperatures. Reaction pathways from CPD have further been extended to PAH formation from the reaction of CPD and aromatic compounds with different types of ??onds. Results indicate that, while the major products from the pyrolysis of CPD, acenaphthylene, styrene and phenanthrene mixtures are from the reaction of CPD to itself rather than to these aromatic compounds with different ??onds, CPD does add to these compounds to produce larger PAH. Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) formation from chlorinated phenols has also been studied. In combustion exhaust gas, chlorinated phenols can produce dioxin as well as PCNs. PCN and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) congener product distributions were consistent with proposed pathways involving phenoxy radical coupling at unchlorinated ortho-carbon sites. Tautomerization of the phenoxy radical coupling and subsequent fusion via H2O loss results in PCDF formation. Competing with this reaction pathway, CO elimination and subsequent fusion via hydrogen and/or chlorine loss was found to produce PCNs. PCDF isomer distributions were found to be weakly dependent to temperature, whereas PCN isomer distributions were found to be more temperature sensitive with selectivity to particular isomers decreasing with increasing temperature. Results of this research contribute to a better understanding of chemical mechanisms involved in the formation of toxic byproducts and soot in combustion systems.

Fullerenic materials are likely to play an important role in technologies of the future. To ensure that production techniques will be able to keep up with demand, a thorough understanding of their mechanism of formation, which has thus far proved elusive, is required. Hydrocarbon pyrolysis is a potentially viable fullerene production technique, and the pyrolysis of chlorohydrocarbons has also shown promise. However, decomposition of the latter produces toxic and environmentally hazardous chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, also formed in industrial waste incinerators, as a byproduct. Close study of the high temperature chemistry of chlorohydrocarbons may aid both the mitigation of hazardous byproducts and implementation of more effective fullerene synthesis techniques. To this end, we have studied the formation mechanisms of dichloromethane degradation products generated via Infrared Laser Powered Homogeneous Pyrolysis. This unique technique is well known for having a non-uniform temperature profile, which has a number of attractive features for this work. The most important of these are the absence of complicating surface catalysed reactions, and the potential for allowing annealing reactions necessary for fullerene growth. Time resolved product yields are monitored via GC-MS and FTIR, and mechanistic deductions are supported heavily by Density Functional Theory calculations and kinetic arguments. Results indicate that the initial growth of chlorinated compounds deviate significantly from the radical-based growth found with hydrocarbons. Facile Cl-loss in important radicals and stabilisation of carbenes by chlorine permits novel C4 and C6 production channels. Conventional channels involving acetylene addition to aromatic radicals are eventually restored in C8--C12 formation, although we do suggest some amendments to the mechanism. Bimolecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon addition reactions may also play an important role. Acenaphthylene (C12H8) congeners also allow for the first studies of the migration of five-membered rings about chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon frameworks, a vital process in fullerene annealing; it is found that the presence of chlorine significantly stabilises transition states, suggesting these reactions are much more facile in heavily chlorinated systems.

Mikroplastika&nbsp; je&nbsp; sveprisutna&nbsp; u&nbsp; vodenom&nbsp; ekosistemu&nbsp; pri&nbsp; čemu&nbsp; se&nbsp; čestoističe značaj ispitivanja njihovog uticaja na pona&scaron;anje drugih jedinjenja u vodi.Pod pojmom mikroplastika podrazumevaju se plastične čestice manje od 5 mm.Imajući u vidu potrebu za unapređenjem znanja o &scaron;tetnom uticaju mikroplastikeu životnoj sredini u ovom radu sproveden je set eksperimenata u kom je ispitivanmehanizam&nbsp; interakcija&nbsp; koje&nbsp; se&nbsp; uspostavljaju&nbsp; prilikom&nbsp; adsorpcije&nbsp; hlorovanihfenola,&nbsp; derivata&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; i&nbsp; policikličnih&nbsp; aromatičnih&nbsp; ugljovodonika&nbsp; na mikroplastici&nbsp; u&nbsp; vodenom&nbsp; matriksu.&nbsp; Kako&nbsp; bi&nbsp; se&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; detaljnije&nbsp; razumeo&nbsp; uticaj mikroplastike&nbsp; i&nbsp; osobina&nbsp; vodenog&nbsp; matriksa&nbsp; na&nbsp; pona&scaron;anje&nbsp; organskih&nbsp; polutanata, laboratorijska ispitivanja su sprovedena u sintetičkom i realnom vodenommatriksu.&nbsp; Takođe&nbsp; je&nbsp; sprovedena&nbsp; optimizacija&nbsp; izolovanja&nbsp; i&nbsp; karakterizacije mikroplastike iz kozmetičkih sredstava u cilju procene uticaja osobina primarne mikroplastike na uspostavljanje interakcija sa organskim polutantima. Na&nbsp; osnovu&nbsp; dobijenih&nbsp; rezultata&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; može&nbsp; se&nbsp; zaključiti&nbsp; da&nbsp; se optimalna metoda izolovanja mikroplastike iz kozmetičkih sredstava zasniva na dodatnom&nbsp; tretiranju&nbsp; osu&scaron;enog&nbsp; materijala&nbsp; 30%&nbsp; vodonik-peroksidom,&nbsp; nakon ekstrakcije&nbsp; sredstva&nbsp; u&nbsp; destilovanoj&nbsp; vodi,&nbsp; u&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; dobijanja&nbsp; čistijih&nbsp; uzoraka mikroplastike. Promena brzine me&scaron;anja ima znčajan uticaj na promenu stepena adsorpcije ispitivanih grupa organskih jedinjenja.&nbsp; Uticaj se ogleda u povećanju stepena adsorpcije sa porastom brzine me&scaron;anja, a maksimalni procenat adsorpcije postignut&nbsp; je&nbsp; pri&nbsp; brzini&nbsp; me&scaron;anja&nbsp; od&nbsp; 150&nbsp; o/min.&nbsp; Dodatno,&nbsp; disperzija&nbsp; pra&scaron;kastih materijala u vodi nema značajan uticaj na promenu stepena adsorpcije hlorovanih fenola,&nbsp; derivata&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; i&nbsp; policikličnih&nbsp; aromatičnih&nbsp; ugljovodonika&nbsp; na mikroplastici.Ravnotežno&nbsp; stanje&nbsp; između&nbsp; koncentracije&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola,&nbsp; derivatabenzena&nbsp; i&nbsp; policikličnih&nbsp; aromatičnih&nbsp; ugljovodonika&nbsp; u&nbsp; vodi&nbsp; i&nbsp; odabranih predstavnika&nbsp; mikroplastike&nbsp; (PEp,&nbsp; PE_PCPs_1,&nbsp; PE_PCPs_2,&nbsp; PEg,&nbsp; PET,&nbsp; PP&nbsp; i PLA) uspostavlja se nakon 24 i 48 h kontakta u zavisnosti od vrste jedinjenja. Na promenu&nbsp; adsorpcionog&nbsp; afiniteta&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola,&nbsp; derivata&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; i policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika prema mikroplastici utiču kako fizičkohemijske&nbsp; osobine&nbsp; jedinjenja&nbsp; tako&nbsp; i&nbsp; karakteristike&nbsp; mikroplastike.&nbsp; Na&nbsp; osnovu kinetičkih&nbsp; eksperimenata, najveći adsorpcioni afinitet ka mikroplastici&nbsp; ispoljili su&nbsp; derivati&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; (qt=103-350&nbsp; &micro;g/g),&nbsp; dok&nbsp; je&nbsp; najmanji&nbsp; uočen&nbsp; kod&nbsp; hlorovanih fenola&nbsp; (qt=25-225&nbsp; &micro;g/g).&nbsp; Dobijeni&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; adsorpcije&nbsp; derivata&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; na ispitivanim&nbsp; česticama&nbsp; mikroplastike&nbsp; takođe&nbsp; su&nbsp; ukazali&nbsp; na&nbsp; veći&nbsp; afinitet&nbsp; ovih jedinjenja&nbsp; ka&nbsp; mikroplastici,&nbsp; u&nbsp; poređenju&nbsp; sa&nbsp; jedinjenjima&nbsp; iz&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; policikličnih aromatičnih&nbsp; ugljovodonika&nbsp; i&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola&nbsp; sličnih&nbsp; logKow&nbsp; vrednosti. Dodatno,&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; vodenog&nbsp; matriksa&nbsp; na&nbsp; adsorpciju&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola,&nbsp; derivata benzena&nbsp; i&nbsp; policikličnih&nbsp; aromatičnih&nbsp; ugljovodonika&nbsp; na&nbsp; mikroplastici&nbsp; zavisi&nbsp; od same grupe jedinjenja kao i od vrste mikroplastike pri čemu je najmanje izražen u&nbsp; slučaju&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; policikličnih&nbsp; aromatičnih&nbsp; ugljovodonika,&nbsp; a&nbsp; najvi&scaron;e&nbsp; kod hlorovanih fenola.Visoke&nbsp; vrednosti&nbsp; koeficijenta&nbsp; determinacije&nbsp; kinetičkog&nbsp; modela&nbsp; pseudodrugog&nbsp; reda&nbsp; za&nbsp; adsorpciju&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola,&nbsp; derivata&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; i&nbsp; policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika na čestice mikroplastike ukazjuju da je hemisorpcija mogući&nbsp; mehanizam.&nbsp; Pored&nbsp; visokih&nbsp; vrednosti&nbsp; koeficijenata&nbsp; determinacije&nbsp; u slučaju svih odabranih organskih jedninjenja dobijena konstanta brzine drugog reda&nbsp; bila&nbsp; je&nbsp; manja&nbsp; od&nbsp; po četne&nbsp; brzine&nbsp; adsorpcije&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; ukazuje&nbsp; na&nbsp; znatno&nbsp; brže odvijanje&nbsp; adsorpcije&nbsp; pri&nbsp; kraćim&nbsp; vremenima&nbsp; kontakta&nbsp; (12-24&nbsp; h)&nbsp; nakon&nbsp; čega&nbsp; jedolazilo do usporavanja procesa adsorpcije.Mehanizam adsorpcije hlorovanih fenola, derivata benzena i policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika&nbsp; ispitivan&nbsp; je primenom Freundlich-ovog, Langmuirovog,&nbsp; Redlich-Peterson-ovog&nbsp; i&nbsp; Dubinine-Radusckevich-evog&nbsp; adsorpcionog modela. Vrednosti Freundlich-ovog eksponenta za adsorpciju hlorovanih fenola, derivata benzena i&nbsp; policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika bile su manje od 1,&scaron;to ukazuje na to da je slobodna energije adsorpcije na mikroplastci opadala sa povećanjem&nbsp; inicijalne&nbsp; koncetracije&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; polutanata.&nbsp; Vrednosti maksimalnog adsorpcionog kapaciteta dobijene za&nbsp; adsorpcione procese PAH&nbsp; na česticama mikroplastike bile su u opsegu od 29,7-2596,5 &micro;g/g. Visoke vrednosti maksimalnih adsorpcionih kapaciteta dobijene su takođe za adsorpciju derivata benzena na ispitivanim vrstama mikroplastike&nbsp; 39,3-2010,1 &micro;g/g. S druge strane, uočeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; različito&nbsp; adsorpciono&nbsp; pon&scaron;anje&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola&nbsp; u&nbsp; zavisnosti&nbsp; od vodenog metriksa u kom su eksperimenti sprovedeni pri čemu su&nbsp; qmax&nbsp; vrednosti iznosile 20,00-205,6 &micro;g/g. Značajan uticaj&nbsp; pH vrednosti vodenog matriksa&nbsp; utvrđen je&nbsp; za adsorpciju hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola&nbsp; na&nbsp; mikroplastici,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; u&nbsp; slučaju&nbsp; derivata&nbsp; benzena&nbsp; i&nbsp; PAH promena pH vrednosti vodenog matriksa nije pokazala značajan uticaj. Rezultati dobijeni&nbsp; za&nbsp; adsorpciju&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola&nbsp; na&nbsp; mikroplastici&nbsp; ukazuju&nbsp; na&nbsp; nižu tendenciju&nbsp; ka&nbsp; formiranju&nbsp; interakcija&nbsp; hlorovanih&nbsp; fenola&nbsp; sa&nbsp; česticama mikroplastike pri pH 4 i pH 10, pri čemu se stepen adsorpcije kretao u opsegu od 8-35% i 15-35%, respektivno, u odnosu na pH 7 (55-65%). Najniži&nbsp; adsorpcioni&nbsp; afinitet&nbsp; uočava&nbsp; se&nbsp; pri&nbsp; adsorpciji&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; grupa jedinjenja na PLA. Može se pretpostaviti da će se organski polutanti,&nbsp;&nbsp; ukoliko ova vrsta mikroplastike dospe u vodene sisteme, slabo vezivati na ovaj materijal pri čemu će značajno manje uticati na njihov trasport kroz životnu sredinu, u odnosuna druge ispitivane vrste mikroplastike. Na&nbsp; osnovu&nbsp; dobijenih&nbsp; rezultata&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; može&nbsp; se&nbsp; zaključiti&nbsp; da&nbsp; na adsorpciju ispitivanih grupa organskih jedinjenja i mikroplastike značajan uticaj imaju&nbsp; fizičko-hemijske&nbsp; osobine&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; jedinjenja&nbsp; kao&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; su&nbsp; kiselinska konstanta, veličina molekula, hidrofobnost, stukturni raspored i dr. Pored toga, karakteristike vodenog matriksa, među kojima je najvažnija pH vrednost, imaju značajan&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; na&nbsp; adsorpcioni&nbsp; afinitet&nbsp; jedinjenja&nbsp; ka&nbsp; mikroplastici.&nbsp; Dodatno,struktura&nbsp; i&nbsp; poreklo&nbsp; polimera&nbsp; ima&nbsp; veliki&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; na&nbsp; formiranje&nbsp; interakcija&nbsp; saispitivanim grupama organskih polutanata. Dobijeni rezultati takođe ukazuju nanemogućnost&nbsp; određivanje&nbsp; unifomnog&nbsp; mehanizma&nbsp; adsorpcije&nbsp; organskihjedinjenja na česticama mikroplastike u vodi.<br>Microplastics&nbsp; are&nbsp; ubiquitous&nbsp; in&nbsp; aquatic&nbsp; ecosystems,&nbsp; so&nbsp; it&nbsp; is&nbsp; essential&nbsp; to study their&nbsp; impact on the behaviour of other compounds which are commonly present in water. The term microplastics refers to all plastic particles smaller than 5 mm. In order&nbsp; to address knowledge gaps relating to the potential harmful effects of microplastics in the environment, the experiments conducted during this thesis were designed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of chlorinated phenols, benzene derivatives, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on microplastics in water.&nbsp; To&nbsp; provide&nbsp; a&nbsp; more&nbsp; detailed&nbsp; understanding&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; different water&nbsp; matrices&nbsp; on&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; properties&nbsp; of&nbsp; microplastics,&nbsp; experiments&nbsp; were conducted in both synthetic and real water matrices. In the course of this work, methods were optimised for the isolation and characterization of microplastifrom personal care products, in order to allow investigation&nbsp; of the influence of the&nbsp; properties&nbsp; of&nbsp; primary&nbsp; microplastics&nbsp; on&nbsp; their&nbsp; interactions&nbsp; with&nbsp; organic pollutants.Base on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the optimal method of isolating microplastics from personal care products is based&nbsp; on treating already dried&nbsp; material&nbsp; with&nbsp; 30%&nbsp; hydrogen&nbsp; peroxide,&nbsp; after&nbsp; extraction&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; agent&nbsp; in distilled water, in order to obtain cleaner microplastic samples. The mixing rate was&nbsp; found&nbsp; to&nbsp; have&nbsp; a&nbsp; significant&nbsp; effect&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; degree&nbsp; of&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; of&nbsp; the investigated&nbsp; organic&nbsp; compounds.&nbsp; Increasing&nbsp; the&nbsp; mixing&nbsp; speed&nbsp; led&nbsp; to&nbsp; a&nbsp; higherdegree&nbsp; of&nbsp; adsorption,&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; maximum&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; percentage&nbsp; reached&nbsp; at&nbsp; amixing speed of 150 rpm. In addition, the dispersion of powdered materials in the&nbsp; water&nbsp; had&nbsp; no&nbsp; significant&nbsp; effect&nbsp; on the&nbsp; degree&nbsp; of&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; of&nbsp; chlorinated phenols,&nbsp; benzene&nbsp; derivatives,&nbsp; and&nbsp; polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons&nbsp; on microplastics.The&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; equilibrium&nbsp; between&nbsp; the&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; of&nbsp; chlorinated phenols,&nbsp; benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and selected types of microplastics (PEp, PE_PCPs_1, PE_PCPs_2, PEg, PET, PP, and&nbsp; PLA) was established after 24 and 48 h of contact time, depending on the selected&nbsp; group&nbsp; of&nbsp; organic&nbsp; pollutants.&nbsp; The&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; affinity&nbsp; of&nbsp; chlorinated phenols,&nbsp; benzene&nbsp; derivatives,&nbsp; and&nbsp; polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons&nbsp; towards microplastics&nbsp; was&nbsp; influenced&nbsp; by&nbsp; both&nbsp; the&nbsp; physicochemical&nbsp; properties&nbsp; of&nbsp; the compounds&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; microplastics.&nbsp; Based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; kinetic experiments,&nbsp; the&nbsp; highest&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; affinity&nbsp; for&nbsp; microplastics&nbsp; was&nbsp; shown&nbsp; by benzene derivatives (qt=103-350 &micro;g/g), while the lowest was&nbsp; observed during the adsorption of chlorinated phenols (qt=25-225 &micro;g/g). Benzene derivatives showed higher&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; affinities&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; selected&nbsp; microplastic&nbsp; particles&nbsp; than&nbsp; the polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons&nbsp; and&nbsp; &nbsp; chlorinated&nbsp; phenols&nbsp; which&nbsp; had&nbsp; similar logKow&nbsp; values. The influence of the water matrix on adsorption of chlorinated phenols,&nbsp; benzene&nbsp; derivatives,&nbsp; and&nbsp; polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons&nbsp; on microplastics&nbsp; depended&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; specific&nbsp; functional&nbsp; groups&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; investigated compounds as well as on the type of microplastics. Water matrix had little impact on&nbsp; the&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; of&nbsp; polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons&nbsp; on&nbsp; microplastics&nbsp; but greatly impacted the adsorption of chlorinated phenols. Fitting the pseudo-second order kinetic&nbsp; model to the&nbsp; adsorption data of chlorinated phenols, benzene derivatives, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on microplastic particles resulted in high correlation coefficients, indicating that chemisorption&nbsp; is&nbsp; the&nbsp; likely&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; mechanism.&nbsp; In&nbsp; addition&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; high correlation coefficients obtained for all the organic pollutants investigated, the pseudo-second order rate constants obtained were lower than the initiaadsorption rate, indicating significantly faster adsorption at shorter contact times (12-24 h), with adsorption slowing down as equilibrium was reached.The adsorption mechanism of chlorinated phenols, benzene derivatives,and&nbsp; polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons&nbsp; was&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; using Freundlich,Langmuir,&nbsp; Redlich-Peterson,&nbsp; Dubinine-Radusckevich,&nbsp; and&nbsp; Temkin&nbsp; adsorption models.&nbsp; The&nbsp; Freundlich&nbsp; exponent&nbsp; values&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; of&nbsp; chlorinated phenols, benzene&nbsp; derivatives, and polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons were&nbsp; less than 1 which indicates that the free energy of adsorption of these compounds on microplastics&nbsp; decreases&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; initial&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; increases.&nbsp; The&nbsp; maximum adsorption capacities of PAHs on microplastic particles were in the range of 29.7-2596.5&nbsp; &micro;g/g.&nbsp; High&nbsp; maximum&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; capacities&nbsp; were&nbsp; also obtained&nbsp; for the adsorption&nbsp; of&nbsp; benzene&nbsp; derivatives&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; tested&nbsp; types&nbsp; of&nbsp; microplastics:&nbsp; 39.3-2010.1&nbsp; &micro;g/g.&nbsp; The&nbsp; chlorinated&nbsp; phenols&nbsp; behaved&nbsp; differently,&nbsp; and&nbsp; were&nbsp; more effected by the water matrix, with qmax values in&nbsp; the range 20.00-205.6 &micro;g/g. The pH of the water matrix was found to have a significant effect on the adsorption&nbsp; of&nbsp; chlorinated&nbsp; phenols&nbsp; on&nbsp; microplastics,&nbsp; whereas&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; case&nbsp; of benzene&nbsp; derivatives&nbsp; and&nbsp; polycyclic&nbsp; aromatic&nbsp; hydrocarbons,&nbsp; the&nbsp; degree&nbsp; ofadsorption&nbsp; was&nbsp; largely&nbsp; independent&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; water&nbsp; pH.&nbsp; For&nbsp; the&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; of chlorinated&nbsp; phenols&nbsp; on&nbsp; microplastics,&nbsp; neutral&nbsp; pH&nbsp; conditions&nbsp; resulted&nbsp; in&nbsp; the greatest degrees of adsorption (55-65% at pH 7), while adsorption was inhibited under acidic (8-35% at pH 4) and basic (15-35% at pH 10) conditions. The microplastic type with the lowest observed adsorption affinities was PLA. It can be thus be assumed that in the event that this type of microplastic enters water systems, organic pollutants will only adsorb weakly to this material, such&nbsp; that&nbsp; it&nbsp; will&nbsp; have&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; less&nbsp; impact&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; transport&nbsp; of&nbsp; the se compounds through the environment, than the other tested&nbsp; types of microplastics. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that the adsorption of the selected&nbsp; groups&nbsp; of&nbsp; organic&nbsp; pollutants&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; microplastics&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; is significantly&nbsp; controlled&nbsp; by&nbsp; the&nbsp; physicochemical&nbsp; properties&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; tested compounds, such as the dissociation constant, molecule&nbsp; size, hydrophobicity,structural properties, etc. In addition, the characteristics of the water matrix play an important role in controlling adsorption of organic pollutants on microplastic, especially the water pH. In addition, the structure and aging of the polymers had a major influence&nbsp; on their interactions with the selected organic pollutants. The obtained&nbsp; results&nbsp; also&nbsp; demonstrate&nbsp; the&nbsp; difficulty&nbsp; in&nbsp; determining&nbsp; a&nbsp; uniform mechanism&nbsp; of&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; between&nbsp; the&nbsp; various&nbsp; organic&nbsp; compounds&nbsp; and microplastic particles in water.

碩士<br>萬能科技大學<br>工程科技研究所<br>101<br>The organic toxic substances in environment can be sorbed by plants, and endangers human health via food chain. To understand the sorption rate, transport, and absorption amount in plants, it will help for the assessment of health risk and assisst to formulate the strategies for the contaminated sites and phytoremediation. In this study, the compositions of five types of seeds from Sunflower, Peanut, Soybean, Physic nut, and Wood oil tree were separated into lipid and nonlipid by Soxlet extraction. The equilibrium sorption amounts for the chlorinated aromatic compounds, chlorophenols (CPs) and chlorobenzenes (CBs), by seed compositions in aqueous solution were determined by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The results show that the values of log Klip and log Knonlip increase with log Kow, respectively. The increasing trends can be distinguished between CPs and CBs with correlation coefficients of regression. The values of Klip for all the compounds are greater than thoses of Knonlip, Klip are similar to Kow, and Knonlip are lower than Kow. It indicates the sorption capacity of lipid for hydrophobic organic compounds is larger than that of nonlipid, which can be explained by the evidences shown in the spectra of seed compositions. Lipid contributions (%) for sorption range from 28% to 99%, i.e. nonlipid contributions (%) range from 1% to 72%. Inspite of Klip values larger than Knonlip values for the compounds, nonlipid contributions (%) can not be neglected in calculating the overall concentration of the seeds. Among the edible seeds, sorption capacity is larger for Sunflower and the next for Soybean and Peanut. Physic nut seed and Wood oil tree seed have the similar capacity. Comparing with log Kch cited from the literature, log Knonlip of this study are higher. It is proposed that there may be some other compositions in nonlipid more important than carbohydrate for sorption. The established empirical formulae of log Klip and log Knonlip vs. log Kow are for CPs and CBs, respectively. A contaminated site with residual concentrations of chlorinated compounds is exemplified for the applications of log Klip and log Knonlip. The results indicate that intaking the seeds harvested from the site will not cause serious acute toxicity to human.

碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>應用化學系碩士班<br>100<br>Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (44) was used as a starting material to synthesize 5,5-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene (13). The Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 1,4-benzoquinone (14a) and 13 produces adduct 15, which was then converted to by ruthenium-promoted oxidation reaction to o-dione hydrate 46. The condensation reaction of 46 with an arene-1,2-diamine produces 48. The fragmentation of compound 48 was carried out in one-pot in acidic or basic conditions to produce quinoxaline-embedded chlorinated pentacenoquinone ester 35. The reactions of 35 with 61a and 61b via nucleophilic aromatic substitution produce target products 62a and 62b. The photophysical properties of 62a and 62b were examined in chloroform. The fluorescence of each compound was identical with the references. The results revealed that 62a and 62b lack intramolecular interaction, but have intramolecular pi-pi interaction from examination of the X-Ray crystal structures.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境工程研究所<br>83<br>Cl-PAHs (Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) samples in the ambient air of Tainan city associated with concentration , size distribution and dry deposition flux were investigated, by using two PS-1, two MOUDI, one NRI and several dry deposition plates. In addition,dry deposition velocities for particle and the cumulative fraction of dry deposition flux were calculated by the dry deposition model. The ambient-air concentration of Cl-PAHs are between 35.9 and 97.1 ng/m3 in ambient air. Low molecular weight Cl-PAHs have a higher concentration in gas phase, however, high molecular weight Cl- PAHs have a higher fraction in particle phase. Particle size distribution (dC/dlogDp VS. Dp) of both total-particle mass and total Cl-PAHs were unimodal size distribution. It reveals that the major source of Cl-PAHs in ambient air of Tainan city is from the mobile exhaust in the road. The concentration cumulative percent of total Cl-PAH within the particle size range <1.0, <2.5 and <10.0 μm were 44.9%, 61.3% and 87.0%, respectively.Both of total-particle mass and Cl-PAHs are dominant in the fine particle mode. The measured average dry deposition flux of total-particle mass and Cl-PAHs was 134 mg/ m2-day and 19.0μg/m2-day, respectiviely. The measured dry deposition velocities of eight Cl-PAHs varied between 0.011 and 0.81 cm/sec. The dry deposition velocity of 2,Cl-Nap was the lowest, and 2,7 Cl2-Flu was the highest. By the deposition model, the ratio of measured and calculated flux of Cl-PAHs varied between 0.256 and 1.90. The predicated dry deposition cumulative percent of Cl-PAHs within the particle size range <1.0, <2.5, <10.0 and <25μmwas 3.03%, 3.29%, 9.87% and 46.6%, respectively. More than 90% of dry deposition flux are contributed by the particlesize larger than 10.0μm for both total-particle mass and Cl-PAHs.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系所<br>95<br>In this study, it is demonstrated that the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons is governed by a variety of interrelated parameters, including the amount of standard concentration and volume , pressure, temperature and velocity of fluid . Based on supercritical fluid extraction technology to extract chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, a optimum extraction parameters are established and compared with the results of Soxhlet . The result shows that the optimal extraction condition for the present study was the amount of standard concentration and volume of 50 ng/μL × 500 μL , extraction pressure of 250 bar, temperature of 40℃,and fluid flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. In solvent influence experiment, mixing solvent n-Hexane: Dichloromethane ( 1: 1) and Dichloromethane result in a more favorable rate of recovery between 2-5 rings chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore compared with Soxhlet , SFE has a higher recovery percentage for 2 rings chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon. Regarding time consuming，SFE for 1-5 rings chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon, it is faster than Soxhlet. Utilizing SFE for 8270 Phenols Mix, the recovery percentage of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon is between 67.55~89.27％, while for TCL Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mix, the recovery percentage of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon is between 71~112.8％.When comparing with Taiwan EPA extraction method of NIEA M192.00C, there is no difference in recovery of extraction of two kinds of extraction methods. Based on these results, the SFE is proved to be a better and feasible extraction technology.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>化學系碩博士班<br>91<br>The acute toxicity to Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 23973) of 66 chlorinated compounds, containing phenols, benzenes, anilines and toluenes, was using log(1/Ki) as a toxicity parameter. The Ki value was estimated from Pseudomonas initial oxygen uptake (PIOU) method. Except for five monosubstituted benzenes, all of the testing compounds are noncompetitive inhibitors. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) were developed for chemical and toxicological subsets. A quantitative structure-toxicity model correlating with 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was developed and result to the following equation. log(1/Ki)=-0.38(0.04)LUMO+0.46(0.03)logP-2.19(0.08) n = 61, R2 = 0.896, s = 0.176, F = 250.0 Two chlorophenols (pKa≦6.5) being classified as “uncouplers” were outliers of our QSAR. The logP of these phenols was rectified by the corresponding phenoxide. The model was changed to log(1/Ki)=-0.37(0.04)LUMO+0.48(0.02)logP-2.25(0.07) n = 61, R2 = 0.923, s = 0.152, F = 347.32 The lower toxicity of these outliers is due to the dissociation of phenols to their corresponding phenoxides rather than uncoupling mechanism of action on the synthesis of ATP and oxidative phosphorylation. The current results also indicated that phenols, benzenes, anilines and toluenes are share a similar inhibitory action mechanism as they can be explained by the same QSAR equation. This result is different from that of Tetrahymena pyriforms and Microtox.

碩士<br>中原大學<br>化學系<br>88<br>In this paper , method based on an infrared hollow waveguide was developed to detect chlorinated aromatic in aqueous solutions . The infrared hollow waveguide , which inner surface coated with hydrophobic film , was used to sample chlorinated aromatic amines in solutions . Aqueous samples were sucked through this hollow waveguide sampler and organic compounds were attracted onto the hydrophobic film . After removal of the residual water molecules in the hollow waveguide sampler , attracted compounds can be sensed by conventional Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry . To effectively increase the sensitivity of this method in detection of chlorinated aromatic amines , the materials of the hydrophobic film were carefully considered and studied . Results indicated that polyacrylonitril-co-butadiene provided best performance in analysis of chlorinated aromatic amines among the examined polymers . Under the optimal conditions that found in this work , the obtained R-square coefficients of the standard curves were in the range of 0.995 to 0.998 for the examined chlorinated aromatic amines . By co-adding 100 scans with 4cm-1 resolution , the detection limit in this type of sensing method can be lower than100 ppb . To obtain the optimal conditions , factors such as sample were also investigated . To extend this method to compounds with similar structures , octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) was correlated with the obtained IR signals .Results indicated that Kow can be used to predict the applicability of this method in detection of organic compounds in aqueous solutions .

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系<br>91<br>Study of the Chlorinated Aromatic PICs Formation in a Laboratory Scale Spouted Bed Incinerator Abstract Chlorinated organic waste solvents are the by-products from most of the industrial processes for examples petroleum, chemistry, medical, agriculture, electric and so on. These chlorinated compounds in the waste stream may cause some adverse effects on the human health and environmental impact. In order to avoid the secondary pollutions come from these compounds treatment mainly by incineration, evaluating the products of incomplete combustion (PICs) out of the incineration system will help to identify the better combination of the combustor and APCD operation parameters. A laboratory scale spouted bed incineration system is employed to simulate the hazardous air pollutants behaviors in the post-combustion region. By inducing the chlorinated aromatic compounds mixed with model solvent, the effect on PICs formation is reported. Those hydrodynamic phenomenon and the reaction kinetic parameters will affect directly and/or indirectly to the chemical formation and destruction. Toluene and heptane were chosen as the primary fuel mixing with some chlorinated aromatics hydrocarbons for combustion in this study. 1,2-DCB and 2,4-DCP were the chlorine sources in this study. Three different chlorine to carbon ratios (i.e. 1%, 5%, and 10%) were designed to perform the combustion efficiency. Chlorinated aromatic PICs (i.e. CBz, CPz, PCDD/F) and intermediate hydrocarbons are monitored. The primary results show the alkane constituent (i.e. heptane) was easier to be destructed than the aromatic compound (i.e. toluene). 2,4-DCP relative to 1,2-DCB has higher destruction efficiency and lower residue concentration in the post combustion region. The chlorine contents could lead to inhibit the complete combustion process. Based on the GC/AED results for carbon and chlorine balance from upstream to downstream of the reactor, the primary fuels (heptane and 1,2-DCB) reformation may happen in the catalytic free board environment due to the fine particulate matter attrited from the bed medium. Key Words: Spouted Bed, Incineration, Products of Incomplete Combustion

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系所<br>95<br>This research is to investigate chlorinated aromatic compounds adsorption/desorption reacting with adsorbent on furnace bed by using static bed reactor. The operation parameters include different inlet concentration, temperature, and adsorbents. We aim to understand the adsorption/desorption condition on activated carbon for chlorinated aromatic compounds in the incinerator. The primary experimental results show that (1) When the temperature is 160℃, the adsorption experiment resulte in different inlet concentration could increase gas phase molecule adsorbed on the activated carbon (2) Inlet concentration is 0.2%, the adsorption experiment showed in the different temperature could furnace bed temperature than 2,4,6-trichlorophenol point(246℃). The run of 260℃ is higher than the 160℃ run. (3) When the temperature is 260℃ and the inlet concentration is 0.2%, the adsorption experiment did resulte in the different adsorbents for could unable to provide more and absorb site. (4) Experiments with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol desorption from actived carbons were completed in 50 minutes. The results showed that the dechlorination and the chlorination both can happen. The primary compounds of dechlorination were 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,6-dichlorophenol. Pentachlorophenol appear during the chlorination reaction.(5) In the different conditions, the adsorption/desorption experiment did resulte physical adsorption as well as compounds conversion. (6) The SEM used to observe active carbon structure on the surface. The resulted show activated carbon structure to change on the surface after adsorption/desorption experiment. (7) When comparing with activated carbon and fly ash, fly ash particle forms irregular form and small size than the activated carbon particle, the ones that can't be to provide the absorb site. The surface structure of activated carbon presents more micropore, can provide more absorbing the absorb site .

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系<br>89<br>Characteristics of the ash may vary among the designs depending on process efficiency, waste preprocessing, the air pollution control devices (APCD), waste composition, and other site-specific factors. Due to the more stringent regulations of the stack emission, it is the more important in providing an understanding of potential environmental and human health exposure pathways considered in evaluating ash/residue treatment and reuse alternatives. Bottom ash comprises most of the residue generated. The quantity of bottom ash in the residue depends on the combustion facility design, operating conditions, and characteristics of the waste being combusted. Typically, about 80~90% by weight of the residue produced in bottom ash (including grate siftings). The APCD residues consist of very fine particles collected by the APCD equipment and the residues from chemicals used to treat emissions. It makes up about 10~20% by weight of the ash produced. The chemical composition of the fractions will vary. The ash contains trace amounts of environmentally important metals such as Pb and Cd and may contain very small quantities of dioxins and furans. After the PCDD/F emission standard of large scale and small to medium scale incinerator were promulgated, the most hazardous air pollutants were switched from the gas phase (i.e. the flue gas) to solid phase (i.e. the ash matrix) in order to meet the most stringent criteria in the world. Additional concern surfaced when some municipal waste combustion residue samples failed the regulatory Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Controversy about classifying ash as hazardous followed. The aim of this study is to investigate the catalytic effect of the fly ash on the HAP reformation, especially the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. The purpose of much of this activity is to gather background data to development of rules and guidance for designing the APCD and the wisdom of reusing the ash. A plug flow reactor made of quartz is employed to pack the ash or particulate quartz for experiments. Temperature profile of the quartz column is controlled using electric heater with PID. Different temperature windows between the inlet of the APCD and the exit of the stack can be simulated. The key operating parameters are the precursor type and concentration, the heater temperature onto fly ash. Both the constitutes of residue in the ash and the compositions of the carrier flue gas. The degree of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons may be manipulated during the catalytic packed column after the precursor introduced. The breakthrough precursor and the index HAP are taken continuously in the downstream of reactor and measured by an on-line GC/FID equipped with a purge and trap system. The primary compounds in this study will focus on the polycyclic and chlorinated organic matters (i.e. BTEX, PAH, CPhs, CBz, PCDD/F…). Trace and high molecular weight organics are induced by the volatile organic sampling train which consists of a fiber glass filter and the recovery solvent trap. The extracted samples are cleaned up and analyzed by GC/MSD. The final goal based on the experimental results is to theoretically calculate the partition of precursor in the ash residue and/or the flue gas stream. The kinetic reaction parameters in the catalytic packed bed are analyzed and reported. The primary results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) the precursor-toluene could enhance the formation of the chlorinated hydrocarbons in the ash matrix and the downstream of the flue gas. (2) The temperature and the carrier gas are the key operation parameters varied the distribution of the chlorinated compounds. (3) The reformation of PCDD/F can be manipulated under the aromatic hydrocarbon passing through the ash and the temperature window controlled 300oC. (4) Both the catalytic effect due to the ash with the physical shape (i.e. surface area and pore size) and the free radical donated by the precursor could shift the trend of the chlorination and the dechlorination mechanism happen in the post combustion regime.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系<br>92<br>A laboratory spouted bed incineration system is employed to simulate the hazardous air pollutants behaviors in the post-combustion region. The operation parameters including the equivalence ratio, the ratio of chlorine to carbon and the different auxiliary fuel structure was investigated to understand the effect on the products of incomplete combustion (PICs) formation and destruction. The flue gas was sampled from the spout region and the free board region respectively. The residue fuel and byproducts was monitored to investigate the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) and the pollutants emission. An empirically derived model for simple chemical kinetic for PICs formation has been extended to include the chlorinated organic compounds. The fundamental reactor theories both CSTR and PFR are applied to simulate the bed region and the post-combustion region respectively. The discrepancy between the experimental results and the model predictions was discussed. Results of these experiments and model simulation demonstrate that : (1) the combustion temperature was increased as the equivalence ratio and the chlorine to carbon ration increased. The chlorinated precursors could enhance the combustion temperature. The influence of addition would be 2,4-chlorophenol > 1,2-chlorobenzene > monochlorobenzene > toluene. (2) The equivalence ratio is positive related to the DRE of the primary fuel. The ratio of chlorine to carbon does not show the consistence. While 5% of chlorinated precursor added to the primary fuel, the DRE was lower than 1% and 10%. The most difficult to be destructive compound is 1,2-chlorobenzene > 2,4-chlorophenol > monochlorobenzene. (3) The correlations between chlorophenol compounds show 2,4 position highest dependent. The R square is near to 0.9. The chlorination reaction is dominant in the fuel rich regime. (4) The ratio of PCDDs/PCDFs is great than 1. It suggests that the precursors mechanism is favor while 2,4chlorophenol combustion. The primary compounds are OCDD and OCDF. (5) Based on the sensitivity analyses, OH and HO2 free radical are key compounds for the toluene oxidation. The most reactive temperature range is between 673K and 773K.

This research investigates the physiological and transcriptional responses of Nitrosomonas europaea when exposed to chlorinated aromatic compounds and heavy metals under varying environmental conditions. It was found that transcriptional responses of identified sentinel genes correlate well with nitrification inhibition. Sorption of metals to biomass was also investigated and found not to correlate well with N. europaea inhibition. Whole genome microarray experiments were performed to define the transcriptional response of N. europaea when exposed to chlorobenzene. 13 out of 2460 N. europaea genes were significantly up-regulated after a 1-hour exposure to 4 μM chlorobenzene. HPLC analysis revealed that chlorobenzene was being oxidized primarily into 4-chlorophenol, and further physiological studies revealed that the presence of 4-chlorophenol could account for the inhibitory responses observed. RT-qPCR analysis of several differentially regulated genes verified that similar transcriptional responses were occurring for both chlorobenzene and 4-chlorophenol. 50% inhibitory concentrations of chlorobenzene and 4-chlorophenol resulted in moderate up-regulation of studied genes, however, increasing the concentration of 4-chlorophenol to achieve nitrification inhibition of 93% or more dramatically increased the fold regulation of several of the identified up- and down- regulated genes of interest. Increasing the 4-chlorophenol exposure time to 3 hours at the higher inhibition levels led to a general decrease in amplitude of transcriptional response for all genes tested. Cultures of N. europaea were exposed to various amounts of cadmium in aqueous solution containing EDTA, a strong metal-chelating organic, to control free ionic cadmium²⁺ (Cd²⁺) concentrations. Inhibition of ammonia oxidation as well as transcriptional up-regulation of merA, an identified sentinel gene for exposure to cadmium was found to correlate well with the concentration of Cd²⁺. The concentration of Cd²⁺ required to significantly affect N. europaea cells was found to be in the nanomolar range, which is several orders of magnitude lower than values reported in the literature for cadmium inhibition to mixed-culture activated sludge systems. The sorption of cadmium to the cells was found to be proportional to both the concentration of total cadmium and the concentration of Cd²⁺. At the concentration of metals required to cause approximately 50% nitrification inhibition, specific oxygen uptake results indicate the inhibition is specific to AMO with HAO and downstream energy-generation processes intact. To investigate more closely the inhibitory interactions between heavy metals and AMO, N. europaea inhibition by cadmium, zinc and silver was studied under substrate-limiting conditions. Unlike incubation in oxic environments, 1 hour incubations of N. europaea with cadmium and silver under anoxic conditions did not cause inhibition of nitrification activity after re-suspension in oxic media. In contrast, zinc, which is normally considered an analogue of cadmium in terms of toxic effect and transport mechanisms, was non-inhibitory to N. europaea when exposed in media lacking ammonia. Transcriptional response of merA closely followed the inhibition patterns, with samples which were inhibited after the removal of the metal having significant up-regulation of the gene, and those samples which were uninhibited showing no significant change in merA transcript levels compared to controls. Although sorbed metal concentrations were not found to be predictive of either extent of inhibition or transcriptional response, significantly more cadmium, zinc and silver were sorbed to biomass when incubated in aerobic media compared to anoxic media. Sorption in oxic media was found to be independent of AMO activity and similar results were obtained using Deinococcus radiodurans, a non-nitrifying gram-positive extremophile. The results indicate that greater heavy metal sorption to biomass in oxic environments may be due to general membrane chemistry effects.<br>Graduation date: 2011<br>Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from March 31, 2011 - March 31, 2012

碩士<br>嘉南藥理科技大學<br>環境工程與科學系暨研究所<br>97<br>The main objective of this study was to determine the environmental dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in a simulated anaerobic condition within an aquarium box contained natural river sediments and waters. Three successive experiments were conducted, the first experiment was the primary test of Modified Permeable Column-Simulated Aquarium Box system (MPC-SAB), the second experiment was a test of Cup-SAB system, and the third one was the application of MPC-SAB system in the evaluation of HCB dechlorination and the movement of HCB and its dechlorination products. In the first experiment, sediment samples used in the Modified Permeable Column-Simulated Aquarium Box system (MPC-SAB). were amended with 5 ppm of HCB, 2,3,4-CBp or 2,3,4,5-CBp, individually. After 60 days of incubation, the results showed that HCB was dechlorinated and HCB moved outward as well. After 120days, 2,3,4-CBp and 2,3,4,5-CBp dechlorination was both observed. In the second experiment, dozens of 70 mm tall glass cups were fill with sediment samples that spiked with 5 ppm of HCB or 20 ppm of 1,2,3,4- TeCB. After 13 months, the level of HCB in the sediment with YE was significantly lower than that without YE. And HCB dechlorination products, such as QCB, 1,2,3,5- TeCB were also found in sediment with YE. For sediments mixed with 1,2,3,4-TeCB, sediment with YE showed the decrease of 1,2,3,4- TeCB and the products of 1,2,4-TCB. In the third experiment, sediment samples with 5 ppm of HCB were applied in the Modified Permeable Column-Simulated Aquarium Box system (MPC-SAB). It was found that HCB dechlorination could be initiated within 30days and after that HCB could be transported to the middle and outer layer. HCB dechlorination products, QCB, 1,2,3,5-TeCB, 1,2,4-TCB, and 1,3,5-TCB were found in the core part, but never been visualized in the middle and outside layer. The results suggested that Sediment microbes in Er-Jen River possessed HCB and PCBs dechlorination ability. HCB was easier to be degraded than PCBs showed the differentia of HCB-dechlorination consortium to PCBs’. However, this study revealed that the environmental remediation of HCB and PCBs was possible. It need more researches to promote the inherent dechlorinating activity of sediment microbes, especially for the dechlorination of PCBs.